US2285126A - Electron multiplier - Google Patents

Electron multiplier Download PDF

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Publication number
US2285126A
US2285126A US287020A US28702039A US2285126A US 2285126 A US2285126 A US 2285126A US 287020 A US287020 A US 287020A US 28702039 A US28702039 A US 28702039A US 2285126 A US2285126 A US 2285126A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrons
source
electron
anode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US287020A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jan A Rajchman
Jr Richard L Snyder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR955304D priority Critical patent/FR955304A/fr
Priority to BE475091D priority patent/BE475091A/xx
Priority to NL66984D priority patent/NL66984C/xx
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US287020A priority patent/US2285126A/en
Priority to DEA10504D priority patent/DE907559C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2285126A publication Critical patent/US2285126A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/12—Anode arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
    • H01J2893/0013—Sealed electrodes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in electron multipliers.
  • the electron multiplier is a current amplifying device. However, in most of its applications a voltage variation such as is provided by a resistance in the circuit of the collector electrode, is required. It is desirable that the current to the collecting electrode be independent of potential changes occasioned by the very presence of such resistance, since if such independence is achieved, distortion is minimized and the maximum voltage variation across the said resistance is ensured.
  • the electrons striking the anode may release secondary electrons which are attracted to the screen grid, thus decreasing the current in the anode circuit, so that in this event the plate characteristic is not perfectly fiat.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to obviate the above described and other less apparent objections to the so-called screen-grid electron multipliers of the'prior art.
  • the objects of the invention are simply achieved by so shaping the last multiplying electrode that it substantially surrounds the collector anode whereby it constitutes an effective electrostatic shield therefor.
  • Figure 1 is an end plan view of a photoactuated electrostatically focussed electron multiplier wherein the intermediate multiplying electrodes are arranged about a common axis as in Zworykin and Snyder Application Serial No. 187,634, filed January 29, 1938 and including an output electrode assembly designed, positioned and arranged in accordance with the present invention;
  • Figure 2 is a View in perspective of the output electrode assembly of Fig. l;
  • Figure 3 is an end plan view of an alternate embodiment of the invention showing a modified form'of collector-anode.
  • Fig. l designates a highly evacuated cylindrical envelope or tube which is preferably provided with a radial bafile B which extends from a point adjacent or beyond the central long axis A of the tube to the inner wall thereof and serves to bar the passage of stray ions from the high voltage side to the low voltage side of the device.
  • the device is provided with a photosensitive cathode C
  • the envelope is preferably constituted, in whole or in part, of glass/Pyrex? or other suitable transparent material to permit light (exemplified by the line a) from an external source, not shown, to be shined upon the cathode.
  • a grid G which is preferably connected to the photosensitive cathode C and is supported between it and the inner wall of the glass envelope T, serves to prevent the accumulation of a positive charge upon the inner surface of the envelope.
  • the tube contains a plurality of intermediate electron multiplying electrodes, designated 1 to 8 inclusive, which are mounted in staggered relation on opposite sides,
  • This final multiplying electrode 9 preferably comprises a C-shaped or inflated U-shaped plate or sheet-metal structure having the open space between its inwardly directed terminal or marginal edges directed toward the source 8.
  • a collector anode Mounted within the oval defined by the inner surface of the last multiplying electrode 9 is a collector anode It which, as more clearly shown in Fig. 2, may be of grid-like or other openwork construction to permit the electrons from the source 8 to pass therethrough and to impinge the secondarily emissive inner surface of electrode 9 without substantial numerical diminution.
  • the collector anode may comprise one or more rod-like electrodes Illa, lab, which are mounted adjacent but outside the direct path of the electrons from the source 8. In either event, the collector anode (Hi-Figs 1-2, Illa-lllb-Fig.
  • the spacing between the collector anode Hi and the emissive surface of the last multiplying electrode 9 is by no means critical nor is the exact contour of the surface of the last multiplying electrode important, provided it comprises a neck portion of reduced diameter which is arranged to accept the electrons from electrode 3.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a source of electrons, a bent plate having a secondary-electron emissive inner surface circumscribing a space toward which electrons from said source are directed, said plate having a pair of inwardly directed marginal portions defining an opening which faces said source and through which electrons from said source pass in traveling to said emissive inner surface, and a collector electrode for said secondary electrons supported within said enclosed space behind the said marginal portions of said plate.
  • collector electrode is mounted adjacent but outside of the direct path of electrons from said source.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a source of electrons, an electrode comprising a sheet metal structure having a narrow open neck portion presented to said source and an expanded portion having an inner secondary emissive surface adapted to release secondary electrons by impact of electrons from said source, and an electrode mounted entirely within the volume circumscribed by said sheet metal structure for collecting said secondary electrons.
  • said electron-collecting electrode comprises an openwork structure mounted intermediate the neck and emissive surface portions of said sheet metal structure.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary source of electrons, a multiplying electrode having a secondary-electron emissive surface portion facing said source, and a collector electrode for said secondary electrons mounted between said primary source and said emissive surface portion of said multiplying electrode, said multiplying electrode havin oppositely located integral shield portions which extend into the space between said collector electrode and said primary source.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a source of electrons, an electrode surface comprising a, substantially C-shaped plate having open inwardly directed arms presented to said source and having an inner surface adapted to liberate secondary electrons by impact of electrons from said source, and an anode mounted entirely within the oval defined by the said inner surface of said C-shaped plate and adapted to receive the secondary electrons therefrom.
  • said anode comprises a pair of rod-like members mounted respectively behind the inwardly directed arms of said C-shaped plate out of the direct path of the electrons from said source.

Landscapes

  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
US287020A 1939-07-28 1939-07-28 Electron multiplier Expired - Lifetime US2285126A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR955304D FR955304A (xx) 1939-07-28
BE475091D BE475091A (xx) 1939-07-28
NL66984D NL66984C (xx) 1939-07-28
US287020A US2285126A (en) 1939-07-28 1939-07-28 Electron multiplier
DEA10504D DE907559C (de) 1939-07-28 1940-09-20 Reihenvervielfacher

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US287020A US2285126A (en) 1939-07-28 1939-07-28 Electron multiplier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2285126A true US2285126A (en) 1942-06-02

Family

ID=23101121

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US287020A Expired - Lifetime US2285126A (en) 1939-07-28 1939-07-28 Electron multiplier

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2285126A (xx)
BE (1) BE475091A (xx)
FR (1) FR955304A (xx)
NL (1) NL66984C (xx)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1022703B (de) * 1952-10-23 1958-01-16 Fernseh Gmbh Elektrostatischer Sekundaerelektronenvervielfacher
US2903595A (en) * 1954-12-24 1959-09-08 Rca Corp Electron multiplier
US3130342A (en) * 1947-04-05 1964-04-21 George A Morton Photoelectric cell
US3239709A (en) * 1962-06-26 1966-03-08 Rca Corp Electron multiplier having electrostatic field shaping electrodes
US3444414A (en) * 1966-01-17 1969-05-13 Philips Corp Photomultiplier
US4439712A (en) * 1981-08-26 1984-03-27 Rca Corporation Anode structure for photomultiplier tube
US4691160A (en) * 1983-11-11 1987-09-01 Anelva Corporation Apparatus comprising a double-collector electron multiplier for counting the number of charged particles

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3130342A (en) * 1947-04-05 1964-04-21 George A Morton Photoelectric cell
DE1022703B (de) * 1952-10-23 1958-01-16 Fernseh Gmbh Elektrostatischer Sekundaerelektronenvervielfacher
US2903595A (en) * 1954-12-24 1959-09-08 Rca Corp Electron multiplier
US3239709A (en) * 1962-06-26 1966-03-08 Rca Corp Electron multiplier having electrostatic field shaping electrodes
US3444414A (en) * 1966-01-17 1969-05-13 Philips Corp Photomultiplier
US4439712A (en) * 1981-08-26 1984-03-27 Rca Corporation Anode structure for photomultiplier tube
US4691160A (en) * 1983-11-11 1987-09-01 Anelva Corporation Apparatus comprising a double-collector electron multiplier for counting the number of charged particles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL66984C (xx)
BE475091A (xx)
FR955304A (xx) 1950-01-14

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