US2284368A - Furnace construction - Google Patents

Description

' May 26, 19412.- s. BURGEss ETAL 2,284,358

FURNAGE CONSTRUCTION 'l Filed March 19,' 1941 2 sheets-sheet 1 BY I A" Y ATTORNEYS FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed March 19, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented May 26, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FURNACE lCoris'rmJc'rIoN Samuel Burgess, South Ozone Park, N. Y., and

Norman Schoeppel, Mexico, Mo., assignors to Nichols Engineering & Research Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application March 19, 1941, serial No. 884,058

l Claim.

This invention relates to furnaces, and more particularly to an improved construction of ire brick walls in combination with enclosing housings therefor.V Among other possible uses the invention is especially adapted for furnaces of ,types such as used for incineration, purposes.

At one time it wascommon practice to build incinerator furnaces with walls of lire brick enclosed by an outer wall of heat insulation brick. Such construction involved the diiiiculty that repeated expansion and contraction. of the lire brick with respect to the insulation brick, would result in serious cracking of the composite wall structure, whereby unsightly apertures would be opened up through the wall, allowing gases to escape, sometimes necessitating frequent repairs, and replacement of bricks. A later practice involves surrounding such a composite wall structure with a sheet metal housing strengthened by external rods, angle irons or other means. Such wall structures are relatively expensive and heavy and the external bracing structure for the metal housing does not present smooth surface and is therefore difficult to keep clean. Also such cracks as may form in the heat insulation brick portion within the wall are hidden from view, and access thereto for repairs is. difficult.

According to the present invention, the above noted difnculties may be overcome by constructing a Wall of fire brick, using'brick of various A novel shapes which may be laid in place inexpensively and quickly by unskilledworkmen, this wall being enclosed by a sheet metal shell spaced from the fire brick wall, but attached thereto by novel means. The construction is also preferably such that strengthening members for the metal shell, as well as the means for securing the wall and shell together, may be located entirely within the space between the lire brick and the shell. Thus the sheet metal shell presents a smooth external surface and the fire brick wall and shell are so interconnected that the use of an intervening wall of heat insulation brick may be avoided. Instead, the space between the fire brick wall and shell may be filled with inexpenn Variousfurther and more specific objects, features and advantages will clearly appear from the detailed description given belowv taken in connection with the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification and illustrate by way of example certain preferred forms of the invention. The invention consists in such novel features and combinations of parts as may be shown .and described in connection withthe apparatus herein disclosed. Y

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a horizontal sectional view of an incinerator furnace embodying the invention, the section being taken along the line I-I of Fig, 2;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a front elevational viewvof the furnace of Figs. 1 and 2 and showing portions broken away; v

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are perspective views showing shapes of various forms of fire brick used for the furnace wall structure in accordance withthe invention; and y Figs. 7 and 8 respectively are front and side elevational views of a furnace which may be constructed in accordance with the invention, showing somewhat schematically the manner in which the space between the lire brickr and the sheet metal shell of the furnace may be utilized for a current of cooling air which becomes preheated for introduction at the furnace grate.'

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings in further detail, an incinerating furnace ishere shown having a main fire box I0 separated by a bridge wall II from a combustion chamber I2. A grate of suitable known construction is shown at I3 over an ash'pit I4. An outlet I5 is shown .at the base ofthe combustion chamber and is adapted to be connected by suitable 'breeching as at I6 to a chimney. The'front wall of the furnace may be provided Vwithchargingdoors of suitable known construction as at Il, and a clean-out door as at I8.

The fire brick walls of the furnace are shown at I9 enclosed by and spaced from a sheet metal housing or shell 20. The furnace roof may comprise refractory blocks as at2I suspended'by a structure'of a suitable` known type as at,22 and rections along'the surface of the furnace wall), are relatively large. These courses of brick of large area/may preferablyalternate with courses as at 25 (Fig. 2) made upof brick Which have ya much smaller vertical dimension. The courses 25 may include elongatedbrick. as at 26 V(Fig.

6) alternating with brick such as at 21A (Fig. 4)

As shown,y the vbrick 21V areelongated in a directionperpendicular vto lthe ,wall surface so .that

. portions of these brick as at 28 extend outwardly4 substantiallybeyond'the outside surface of .the

'brick in order that the attaching means may be provided therebetween. The attaching means may include bolts as at 31. These bolts may extendthrough the outstanding webs of the angle irons 36 as shown, and also `extend through the slots 29 of the protruding brick. Nuts as at 38 may be provided to secure the bolts in place and to the angle irons, these nuts preferably however being leftin spaced relationship to the protrudre brick wall.V 'These portions may be formed with vertical slotsas at 29 for receiving attach'-V ing means for the sheet metal slfiellrga's hereinf after described. Y f* f Figsnl, 5 andytheuppr and f lower edges of each of the types otbrick areY As shown in ing brick, so as to permit endwise sliding of the bolts in the'slots 29 and thus permitting the re brickwallto freely expand or contract in horizontaldirections parallel to the Wall.

It will be apparent that the slots 29 will permit relative expansion and contraction of the brick -Wall land shellrin vertical directions. If neces- Y sary, the angle irons 36 which are adjacent the preferably formed with interengaging tongue and`v s groove portions as indicated at 30-35 inclusivel These tongue and groove portions willserve to key e'achfbrick of each cour/seV to-Aa plurality Vof brick -both "aboveandA below. l' In fact, normally Ye'achoftheY types of brick as'at 26and 21; with the st ructineasshown'; yWill-"thus'be keyed Yto a -total @of fouroffthe -large areabrickY of the Y courses above and'beloWgThus, althoughthe bricksuch as at 21 which vprotrude out for at. 'tachinent of thefurnace 4shellff'arepreferably `made of relatively small cross section,'yet these may/be so placed as shown in 2 ras'tofbeY keyed to and overlap jtwooi thelarge area brick above, vas Well as twoofthe large areav brick below. ThusY thesesmaller brick are held securely in place against being vdislodgeidfas a result of any expansion or contraction forces which may inadvertently Vbe appliedA thereto;V

Since a great parto).e thejwall areais Inadeup. 'of' fire brick ofV unusually large area, the wall'may Y be set u p very rapidly. Also the various v bricks may be suitably numbered' if desired so'that the wall ,maybe built by relatively unskilled ,workr men. Asihereinafterexplained', the sheet metal shell may be attached by means which will acf commodate any'normalexpansion or'contraction Y forces of theV brick wallin'respectnto Athe shell. Accordingly there will be nooute'r wallY structure tendingtoforce the iire bricksout of place. This ffact,-together with thejfact that thejvarious brick .are lsecurely keyed together, makes vit possible to provide 'a durable wall of' lightweight without the necessityfof using brick of any great thickness.,

vshowninl the Vvarious iigures, the [exterior vsurface of ^the 'sheet metal shell or housing may 'be madesrnooth and free ofany strengthening Y Y corners of the housing, .may be formed with slots asvaty 4D for receiving the bolts 31, these slots V'permitting the front and rear brick walls of the 'furnace Ytol expand or contract sidewise with-respect to 'the'sheet metal? shell; v Y t If desired, the: space between the fire brick wall and the sheet metall shelllmay be filled with suitable insulating material-.suchV as mineral wool,-as shownat'lll 0r alternatively, as shownirr Figs. '7-and .8, this 'spacemay be connectedtoa blower as at 42 forforcing streams of air 'around the space between the brick -walls and the A'sheet Vmoistl material on the grates.V

WhiltheA-invention has been described in detail with respect to particular preferred examples, it VwillfbeA understood bythoseskilledrin the art Jafter understanding the invention, that `various changes and furtherV modications -may be made without departing from the spirit and v`scope of the,invention;and it is` intended thereor bracing structure. `Thus v the 'outside of the furnace will not only present an attractive apy pearance, but may be readily kept clean. SinceYV the space betweenthe' fire 'brick and the sheet metal shell does not need to be iilled with insulation brick, suitable strengtheningbars' 'orangle irons as at 36, maybe provided as neededon the Yinside surface of thevshell.,

" 'Ihe vprotruding :slotted portions 28m-of ,they

Various ire brick 21 Will'preferably be located vertical alignmentjand hence the angle irons 3B may preferably be arrangedalong vertical lines adjacent to these V vertical Arows 'ofi protruding fore-in Ythe appended' claim to cover All' such changes and modifications. L What isclaimed as new and desired to bese'- Vcured by` Letters APatent is:A

Inan incinerator construction', a Wall of re brick, an o uter sheet metal 'shell spaced there'- from,rmea11s'secur ing said shell to the wallcom'- vprising brick portions protruding Vfrom the wall surface 'at spaced points and formed' with verti- `cally extending slots, angleirons secured on'the insidesurface of theshell, and bolts `attached'to 'said angleV irons 'and extending throughsaid'slots, Y said ,slots being formed with suflicien't clearance with respfe `zttosaidl boltsV whereby said' bolts are free for movement lengthwsean'd'vcrticallyfin said slotsjtoprovide forrel'ative expansion and contraction ofthe wall and'shell.

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