US2255425A - Coke oven battery - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 9, 1941. H. KOPPERS I COKE OVEN BATTERY Filed Sept. 7, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 9, 1941. H. KOPPERS COKE OVEN BATTERY Filed Sept. 7, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Sept. 9, 1941 COKE OVEN BATTERY Heinrich Koppers, Essen, Germany, assignor, by

mesne assignments, to Koppers Company,

Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation 01' Delaware Application September 7, 1939, Serial No. 293,804 In Germany September 8, 1938 2 Claims.

The present invention relates to improvements in regenerative coke ovens and more particularly to such ovens of which the vertical heating flues in each heating wall are connected in pairs or groups in the direction of the gas current in such a manner that the gas flows upwards in one heating flue of a pair and downwards in the other one. The heating flues are communicably connected in pairs or in groups in the well known manner at the top and at the bottom in such a way that a part of the waste gases from a downflow flue may circulate through the upflow heating flues that are connected with one another.

In these ovens, known as circulation ovens, the waste gases circulating through the communicably connected heating flues are mixed with the heating media, which latter are introduced into the heating flues at the bottom, so that the combustion is retarded. It is thus possible to lengthen the flame over the whole height of the heating flue so that the oven chamber walls are uniformly heated throughout their whole height.

In the circulation ovens known hitherto, the lower connecting aperture, the so-called circulation port, lies.between two adjacent heating flues in the central plane of the heating walls. For structural reasons it is often necessary to provide the inlets or nozzles for heating gas and combustion air on the sole of the heating flues in line with the circulation port in the central plane. When arranging the inlets or nozzles in this way it was found that under certain conditions the retardation of the combustion and the lengthening'of the flames, respectively, due to the waste gas added to the gas and air mixture, aimed at did not take place and in consequence thereof the lower portion of the chamber walls is heated to a considerably higher temperature than the upper part.

My present invention now has for its object to provide the circulation ovens having rich gas inlets situated in the central plane of the heating walls, and a lower circulation opening disposed in the same plane on the inlet port for coke oven gas, with a tubular extension for the rich gas inlets, projecting into the heating flue up to above the top of the lower circulation opening.

According to the invention, these elongated rich gas nozzles are disposed on both sides of the header walls which separate the heating flues connected in pairs at the top and at the bottom by way of openings. These coke oven, rich gas pipes or nozzles stand free above the heating flue sole so that the waste gases leaving the lower Ever the rich gas pipes as they enter the up-flow ues.

This tubular extension causes the coke oven gas stream to be removed out of the range 01' the horizontal waste gas stream near to the sole of the heating flue. The coke oven gas therefore enters the heating flue at a point where practically only a vertical gas movement takes place. Another advantage of the present invention consists in that the waste gas carried along with the circuit may mix with the combustion air before the combustion air comes into contact with the coke oven gas thus resulting in an effective retardation of the combustion.

In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification and showing for purposes of exempliflcation certain preferred forms and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practised, but without limiting the claimed invention specifically to such illustrative instance or instances:

Fig. 1 shows a vertical longitudinal section taken partly through an oven chamber and part- 1y through a heating wall on the lines A-A and 3-H 01' Fig. 2 comprising a battery of the aforesaid circulation ovens carried out according to my invention.

Fig. 2 is a section on the lines CC, D-D and E-E of Fig. 1 and shows in a plurality of ovens forming part of an oven battery the arrangement of the rich gas burners and of the lower circulation ports in the central plane of the heating wall.

Fig. 3 shows on an enlarged scale a part of Fig. 1 in vertical section taken through the heating flues.

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken through a part of a heating wall of two adjacent oven chambers of the battery on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3.

Like reference numerals indicate like parts in all of the above figures of the drawings.

The coking ovens of a coke oven battery comprise a series of horizontal coking chambers in and intermediate heating walls Ii therefor. The oven chambers and heating walls lie side by side. Underneath the oven chambers and heating walls there is situated a series of side-by-side regenerators i2, i3 paralleling the coking chambers and heating walls. The heating walls i0 comprise vertical heating flues l4, IS. The heating flues i4, ii are disposed in pairs of flues connected to each other and are formed by header walls It, 31 extending transversally to the liner walls 36 of the oven chambers Ill. The header walls l6 between each pair of heating flues l4, l5 have circulation port must pass around rather than openings i1, is at the top and bottom. Above the walls I9 separating the regenerators there are arranged pairs of horizontal coke oven gas ducts 20, 2| extending over the whole length of the heating wall underneath same. Vertical ducts 22, 23 extend from the coke oven gas ducts 20, 2| towards the heating flues l4, I. The horizontal coke oven gas duct 20 and the vertical duct 22 are connected with the heating flue l4 of each twin flue pair and the horizontal coke oven gas duct 2| as well as the vertical duct 23 are combined with the other heating flue I! of the twin pair.

The combustion air is introduced into the heating flues through the subsole channels 24 on onehalf of the heating wall through the regener-' ators l2, 13 by way of vertical ducts 25. The air is preheated in the regenerators. The rich gas leaving the vertical ducts 22 and reaching the heating flues I4 is burnt at the bottom therein together with the air. The combustion gases flow upwards in the heating flues l4 and pass through the upper openings ll of the header walls l6 into the heating flues l5. Through an opening 3| arranged on the inner top end of the regenerators i2, i3 the preheated air flows into the sole channels 32 situated below the oven chambers of the right half of the heating wall. From these sole channels 32, the air is distributed through the channels 38 into the heating flues l4 of the right half of the heating wall.

In the left half of the heating wall, the waste gases pass from the heating flues l into the horizontal channels 26 lying below the oven sole. The channels 25 are connected through the openings 28 arranged at the inner top end of the regenerators 21 at the right half of the heating wall. The waste gases flowing downwards in the heating flues l5 at the right half of the heating wall pass through vertical channels 29 directly into the regenerators 21 preheating the chequerwork therein. From the regenerators 21, the waste gases are discharged through the subsole channels 30 into the chimney. After the reversal of the flow direction, the heating is changed over, i. e. the regenerators 21 now serve to preheat the air while the regenerators 12, I3 serve to store the waste heat. The combustion then takes place at the bottom of the heating flues IS, the Waste gases passing downwards in the heating flues l4.

In each set of heating flues when operable for upflow, a part of the waste gases flowing downwards through the adjacent heating flue of the other set operable then for downflow enters the circulation opening l8 of the header walls l6 at the lower end of same and is mixed here with the heating media flowing into the up-flow flue. This causes the combustion of the inflowing combustion mixture to take place in the lower part of the heating flues only partially and to gradually progress upwardly. The circulation opening it is amply dimensioned so that such a quantity of waste gas may enter the upward burning heating flue that the combustion takes place uniformly over the whole height of the coal charge of the oven chambers.

When heating the oven battery with a producer gas, one of the two regenerators l2, l3 always serves to preheat the producer gas during the one period whereas both regenerators l2, 13 are passed by waste heat during the other period.

The coal is filled into the oven chamber through charging holes 32 in the oven roof 33. The oven chamber is closed at both ends by doors 34.

Means The distillation gases evolved during the carbonisation or the coal are withdrawn through an opening 35 disposed at one end of the oven chamber in the oven root 33.

As may be seen from Fig. 3, a tubular extension 43 is set upon each vertical rich gas duct 22, 23 which terminate at the bottom of the heating flues, said tubular extension 43 reaches into the zone of the heating flue above the upper line 44 of the circulation opening l3. These tubular extensions may be flrmly connected with the bottom of the heating flue. It is, however, also possible to place them removably upon the mouth of the rich gas deliveries 22, 23 in conformity with the exchangeable nozzles of standard Koppers ovens and to replace them by way of openings 43 provided in the oven roof 33.

The central plane of the heating walls is indicated by the dot and dash line aa in Fig. 4. As may be seen from this drawing, the elongated rich gas pipes 43 lie in the central plane of the heating walls immediately alongside the circulation opening l8 on both sides of the header walls I6.

The waste gas stream flowing for instance through the circulation opening I8 out of the heating flue I5 into the heating flue I4, passes around the extensions 43 as indicated by the arrow in Figs. 3 and 4. The waste gas mixes with the air introduced from the air opening 39 and then rises upwards. As soon as the upflowing stream of the waste gas and air mixture reaches the zone of the heating flue where the tubular extension 43 terminates, the combustion air comes into contact with the fuel gas as it leaves the rich gas extension 43 and burns with a long flame. Instead of delivering the rich gas through the horizontal ducts 20, 22 it is also possible to lead it through vertical rich gas pipes extending from distribution ducts in the passageways of the battery basement into the heating flues as usual to the known under-jet coke ovens.

The arrangement of the said rich gas pipes on both sides of the header walls IS in front of the circulation openings I8 is of special importance since, as already mentioned before, only in this manner is a good mixing of the waste gases with air arrived at before meeting the rich gas. If the air outlets 39, 40 were provided on both sides of the header walls l6 and the rich gas extensions 43 between the air outlets 39, 40 and the header walls 31, thi would cause the waste gas leaving the circulation opening l8 to only be partly mixed with the upward rising air column adjacent to the circulation opening. This air column would then be forced against the rich gas as it leaves the rich gas pipes at a higher level before a sufficient mixing of air with waste gas has taken place.

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied in particular form and manner but may be variously embodied within the scope of the claims.

I claim:

1. A battery of horizontal coking chamber ovens comprising a series of alternate coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side by side in a row, each of said heating walls comprising vertical heating flues, air regenerators below said series paralleling the heating walls and communicating through channels with the bottoms of the vertical heating flues, rich gas duct leading from underneath the heating walls into the bottom of the flues, said heating in which the rich gas ducts terminate above the.

fiues being interconnected at the top in such a manner that the heating fiues are operatively disposed in sets of two operable in alternation with each other for up-flow combustion in one flue of each set and downfiow of the'waste gas combustion products in the other flue of each set, and the fiues of each set of two being interconnected with each other at their bottoms by lower openings in such manner that the waste gas flowing down in fiues operable for downfiow may circulate through the lower openings into the bottoms of the up-flow fiues and be mixed with the ascending combustion gases; and in which the rich gas ducts, and the air channels, and the lower circulation openings lie, in a vertical central plane of the bottom of the heating wall, and

upper extremity of the lower circulation openingsinto the up-flow heating fiues and stand free above the bottoms of the heating fiues so that waste gas from the lower openings may encompass the same before reaching the upper terminus of the richgas ducts.

2. A coke oven battery as per claim 1, and in which the air channels terminate below the upper extremity of the lower openings for recirculation of waste gas, and in which the rich gas ducts are situated between the air delivery channels and the lower openings for recirculation of waste gas for the respective heating fiues.

HEINRICH KOPPERS.

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