Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
  • C11D3/3956—Liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
  • C11D3/3951—Bleaching agents combined with specific additives
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
  • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
  • D06L4/20—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen
  • D06L4/22—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen using inorganic agents
  • D06L4/24—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which contain halogen using inorganic agents using chlorites or chlorine dioxide
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S162/00—Paper making and fiber liberation
  • Y10S162/03—Wetting agent

Definitions

• This invention is concerned with textile treatment and provides an improved method for bleaching and scouring fabrics of vegetable origin.
• the invention finds particular application in the treatment of unfinished fabrics containing a large proportion of cellulosic fibres, such for example, as greige cloth or similar unfinished fabrics containing cotton, fiax, hemp, jute, and the like.
• Greige cloth and similar newly woven fabrics have very limited use. For most purposes, they must be subjected to further treatment to place them in saleable form because (1) the natural color bodies occurring in the vegetable fibres detract from the appearance of the fabric; (2) they contain varying amounts of motes (i e., non-,
• the above enumerated series of operations is simplified and shortened to the end that substantial savings in time, laborp equipment and reagents are realized and the clothsuffers less deterioration than in heretofore customary practice.
• the impurities such as motes, wax, pectins, natural color bodies and sizings in unfinished cloth may be removed advantageously and simultaneously by subjecting the cloth to the action of a solution of sodium chlorite in the presence of acid and of a detergent such, for example, as a sulphated or sulphonated fatty alcohol which exerts its detergent action in the presence of the acid and is not substantially decomposed by the sodium chlorite present.
• greige cloth and the like is simultaneously bleached and secured by subjecting it to the action of an acid aqueous solution of sodium chlorite which contains a suitable detergent such, for example, as sulphated lauryl alcohol.
• a suitable detergent such as sulphated lauryl alcohol.
• the operation preferably is carried on in a Rodney- Hunt kettle or similar apparatus. If mote removal is particularly difiicult, as for example,
• pretreatment of the cloth with caustic is advantageous.
• no pretreatment is necessary and the operation simply involves-exposing the cloth to the action of a hot aqueous solution containing sodium chlorite, acid and a suitable detergent, and subsequently to a water wash.
• the particular treatment conditions will depend upon the weight per unit area of the cloth which is to be processed, the amount and kind of sizings applied to the cloth during weaving, the size and proportion of motes present in the cloth and the quality desired in the finished product.
• the following large scale practice exemplifies conditions which have been found to be generally appropriate.
• the apparatus employed was a Rodney-Hunt kettle and the fabric comprised 700 yards of cotton 'greige corset cloth (rayon stripe fancy) 2 yards of which weighed 1 pound.
• a sodium chlorite solution was made up in the kettle by dissolving 3 pounds of commercial sodium chlorite in 300 gallons'of water.
• caustic pretreatment is beneficial when the cloth contains an abnormally high proportion of motes.
• This caustic pretreatment may be accomplished by padding a 6 or 7% (by weight) cold aqueous solution of caustic soda on the cloth and then stacking it for several hours, usually over-night. Contact with the cold solution for this length of time softens the motes and facilitates their complete removal in the subsequent treatment with sodium chlorite.
• Pretreatment thus decreases the amount of time necessary for the subsequent scouring and bleaching, so that a two-hour treatment in the above-described solution of sodium chlorite, acetic acid and sulphated lauryl alcohol usually is sufficient, even with very heavy cloths, and results in a material of superior whiteness, satisfactory absorbency both as to degree and distribution, a low residual starch content and complete removal of motes.
• the concentration of sodium chlorite to employ depends upon the kind and amount of impurities in the cloth, the weight of the cloth and the degree of impurity removal desired. Generally speaking, however, good results may be obtained with an aqueous solution to which has been added from .5 gram per liter to 2.0 grams per liter of sodium chlorite, although the available chlorine maybe as low as .1 gram per liter or as high as 6 grams per liter, measured as sodium chlorite.
• the temperature of the solution is also dependent upon the kind and amount of impurities present and the degree of removal required. Bleaching and scouring are, however, accelerated by relatively high temperatures, and in order to accomplish these operations in relatively short time, the temperature of the solution should range from about 160 F. to the boiling point of the solution at atmospheric pressure.
• the operation may well be conducted by immersing the cloth into sodium chlorite solution while it is at room temperature, thereafter heating the solution to the required degree and then adding the acid and the detergent,
• the concentration of acid to be employed should be low.
• the solution should at all times have a definitely acid reaction (1. e., a pH below 7) and good results are obtained when the solution has a hydrogen ion concentration (pH) ranging from 3 to 5.
• Any acid may be employed to obtain such hydrogen ion concentration, but I prefer to employ weak acids such as acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid or phosphoric acid.
• the detergent to be employed must exert its detergent action in the presence of the acid and must be resistant to decomposition under the oxidizing influence of sodium chlorite.
• Many synthetic detergents are suitable among them being:
• a secondary aliphatic alcohol suliate in which R and R represent hydrocarbon groups.
• CHPNCHr-COR Hr-SOsNB a fatty acid amide m which n represents a hydrocarbon group.
• CHiCOOIi HgSOzNa A fatty acid ester, in which it represents a. hydrocarbon group.
• R and R represent hydrocarbon groups
• N8DD aliphatic sulionate in which it represents a hydrocarbon group RSO
• My invention is applicable to the treatment of any cellulosic fabrics which require bleaching or scouring, but offers particular advantages in the treatment of delicate fabrics which will not withstand strong hot alkalis. These advantages are:
• the improvement which comprises simultaneously bleaching and scouring the unfinished fabric by subjecting the fabric to the action of an aqueous acid solution containing sodium presence of the acid and is substantially unoxidized by the sodium chlorite, said detergent being selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohol sulphates, sulphonated fatty acid amides,
• the improvement which comprises simultaneously bleaching and scouring the unfinished fabric by subjecting the fabric to the action of sodium chlorite in an acid aqueous solution having a pH ranging from about 3 to about 5 and which contains a detergent that is active in the presence of the acid and is resistant to decomposition by the sodium chlorite, said detergent being selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohol sulphates, sulphonated fatty acid amides, suiphonated fatty acid esters, sulphonated succinic acid esters, alkylated aromatic sulphonates, and. aliphatic sulphonates.
• the improvement which comprises simultaneously bleaching and scouring the unfinished fabric by subjecting the fabric to the action of sodium chlorite in an acid aqueous solution containing sodium chlorite in proportions ranging from about 0.1 gram per liter to about 6 grams .per liter and also containing a detergent that is active in the presence of the acid and is resistant to oxidation by the sodium chlorite, said being selected from the group consisting of allphatic alcohol sulphates, sulphonated fatty acid amides, sulphonated fatty acid esters, sulphonated succinic acid esters, alkylated aromatic sulphonates, and aliphatic sulphonates.
• the improvement which comprises simultaneously bleaching and scouring the unfinished fabric by subjecting the fabric to the action of a boiling acid aqueous solution containing sodium chlorite and a detergent that is active in the presence of the acid andis'stable-int'he presence 7 of the acid and the sodium chlorite, said detergent being selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohol sulphates, sulphonated fatty 'acid amides, suiphonated fatty acid esters, sulphonated succinic acid esters, alkylated aromatic sulphonates, and aliphatic sulphonates.
• the improvement which comprises subjecting the fabric to pretreatment with an aqueous caustic solution for a substantial period of time in a relatively cold condition and thereafter subjecting the fabric to the action of a hot acid aqueous solution containing sodium chlorite and a detergent that is active inthe presence of the acid and is substantially undecomposed by the sodium chlorite,.
• the detergent being selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohol sulphates, sulphonated fatty acid amides, sulphonated fatty acid esters,
• the improvement which comprises simultaneously bleaching and securing the unfinished fabric by subjecting the fabric to the action of a notacid aqueous solution containing sodium unfinished fabric is bleached and scoured simultaneously, said detergent being selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohol sulphates,
• sulphonated fatty acid amides sulphonated fatty acid esters, sulphonated succinic acid esters, alkylated aromatic sulphonates, and aliphatic sulphonates.
• said detergent taneously bleaching and scouring the unfinished fabric by subjecting the fabric to the action of an aqueous acid solution containing sodium chlorite and a detergent which is active in the presence of the acid and is substantially unoxidized by the sodium chlorite, said detergent comprising an aliphatic alcohol sulphate.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22935694

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (24)

Families Citing this family (1)

• 0
  • BE BE437383D patent/BE437383A/xx unknown
• 1938
  • 1938-12-24 US US247637A patent/US2253368A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1939
  • 1939-11-06 GB GB29496/39A patent/GB535107A/en not_active Expired
  • 1939-12-14 FR FR862355D patent/FR862355A/fr not_active Expired
• 1947
  • 1947-08-29 CH CH277261D patent/CH277261A/fr unknown

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