US2211872A - Treatment of textile materials - Google Patents

Treatment of textile materials Download PDF

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US2211872A
US2211872A US223218A US22321838A US2211872A US 2211872 A US2211872 A US 2211872A US 223218 A US223218 A US 223218A US 22321838 A US22321838 A US 22321838A US 2211872 A US2211872 A US 2211872A
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materials
cellulose
regenerated cellulose
yarns
caustic soda
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US223218A
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Wesson Alexander James
Ellis George Holland
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Celanese Corp
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Celanese Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/144—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
    • D06M13/148—Polyalcohols, e.g. glycerol or glucose
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic System
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/58—Material containing hydroxyl groups
    • D06P3/60—Natural or regenerated cellulose
    • D06P3/62—Natural or regenerated cellulose using direct dyes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the treatment of textile materials comprising filaments, yarns, ribbons or the like of cellulose or regenerated cellulose and especially high tenacity filaments, yarns,
  • regenerated cellulose textile materials and particularly regenerated cellulose textile materials formed by saponification of textile materials having a basis of cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters, e. g. stretched cellulose ester materials which have been saponified with solutions of caustic soda or other strong alkalies
  • the affinity of the materials for cotton dyestuffs can be enhanced and the serimetric properties, e. g. flexibility and extensibility, can be improved.
  • any tendency of the treating solution to act deleteriously on the regenerated cellulose may be reduced, if the materials are treated with solutions of caustic soda or other strong alkali which contaln compounds capable of acting as buffers indyestuff which has an aflinity only for the regenerated cellulose yarns leaving the cellulose ester yarns white. It is, therefore, of considerable importance to be able to improve the afiinity of the regenerated cellulose yarns for the dyestuffs without at the same time deleteriously affecting the resist properties of the cellulose ester yarns.
  • the strong alkali employed may be caustic soda, as indicated above, or it may be lithium hydroxide, caustic potash or a quaternary ammonium compound such as trimethyl benzyl ammonium hydroxide.
  • sugars as the buffering compounds and it is, therefore, preferred to use these bodies.
  • sugars may be used, for example,
  • cane sugar or other di-oses or poly-oses cane sugar or other di-oses or poly-oses. Particularly good results have been obtained with the aid of glucose, dextrose, laevulose, galactose and other mono-oses, and there may be employed crude products containing these sugars, for ex- In Great Britain September 9,
  • buffering compounds may be 5 employed, and as examples of such agents may be mentioned polyhydric alcohols, for example, mannitol, and also substances of weakly acidic character as, for example, the amino acids, e. g. the aliphatic amino acids, as, for example, glycine or the dior poly-peptides in which two or more acid or amino residues are united, e. g. glycyl-glycine.
  • Suitable amino acids or dior poly-peptides are, for example, those readily obtainable by the acid or alkaline hydrolysis of proteins. Crude hydrolysis products obtainable by hydrolysing wool or other protein material with aqueous alkali may also be employed.
  • Other substances are weak inorganic acids, e. g. boric acid, and, in general, there may be employed neutral or weakly acid substances which are capable of forming salts with alkalies.
  • the concentrations of the strong alkali and the buffering agent will depend largely on the nature of the materials treated and of the alkali used 25 as well as on the temperature at which it is desired to work. In general as the temperature is reduced the action of a given concentration of alkali'in increasing the dye aflinity is enhanced and at the same time the danger either of deleterious action of the solution on the cellulose linkages and of saponification of cellulose ester materials present in admixture with the cellulosic materials-is reduced. Low temperatures, e. g. below 10 C. or even below 5 or 0 C., e. g. down to 35 -5 C. are therefore preferred but it is possible to work at higher temperatures, e. g. 20 C. or higher.
  • concentrations of aqueous caustic soda between 35% are most useful.
  • valuable results are obtainable at temperatures below about 11 C. with solutions containing 5-30% of caustic soda and about 5-20% glucose and particularly useful results are obtainable by the use of solutions containing 8-12% of caustic soda and about the same amount of glucose, at 45 temperatures below 5 C. and preferably in the neighborhood. of 0 C.
  • Lithium hydroxide can be used in similar concentrations but caustic potash must be more concentrated to get similar results and the same is true of the quaternary ammonium bases.
  • the time of treatment is preferably very short, e. g. 1, z or 3 minutes but with more dilute solu- 55 tions than those contemplated above a longer 1 time of treatment is permissible, though this may introduce some danger of saponifying any cellulose ester materials present.
  • the alkaline medium containing the buffering compound may be applied to any form of textile material, e. g. textile material in the form of yarns or other filamentary materials or in the form of fabrics, and may be applied by any suitable method, e. g. by passing the textile materials through a bath of the alkaline medium containing the bufieringcompound. It is desirable that the materials, immediately after being contacted with the alkaline medium for the requisite time, should be quickly washed in order to stop the action of the alkaline medium.
  • Example 1 Regenerated cellulosic yarn made by the complete saponification of cellulose acetate yarn stretched to a considerable extent under the infiuence of steam is immersed for 1 minute in hank form in an aqueous bath containing 10% of caustic soda and 10% of glucose at a temperature of 0 C. An aifinity for cotton dyes is imparted to the material, which, however, is not swollen to as great an extent as it would be in the absence of the glucose so that less risk of damaging the material is present.
  • the temperature may be maintained at 10 C. instead of 0 C. or may be between 0 and 10 C.
  • Example 2 V The process is carried out as in Example 1 but employing a bath containing 30% caustic soda and 15% glucose.
  • Example 3 The process is carried out as in Example 2 but employing a solution containing 20% of caustic soda and 10% glucose.
  • Example 4 Example 5 x A fabric treated according to Example 4 is dyed in a dye-bath containing 4% of Diphenyl F Scarlet 435 and 20% of common salt, these percentages being based on the weight of the material and the bath volume being 40:1.
  • caustic soda can be replaced by lithium hydroxide.
  • caustic soda trimethyl benzyl ammonium hydroxide in 20% concentration, the time, temperature and concentration of the glucose being the .same.
  • caustic potash be substituted for the caustic soda, higher concentrations and/or times are required and the concentration of the glucose may be reduced.
  • glucose may be used, for example, glycine, glycyl-glycine and sugars such as laevulose, dextrose and galactose.
  • the invention is applicable to the treatment of cellulosic textile materials. generally. It is of particular importance, however, in connection with materials comprising filaments, yarns, ribbons or the like of regenerated cellulose and having a high tenacity, i. e. a tenacity higher than that obtainable by ordinary spinning processes without a spacial stretching operation.
  • the lower limit for high tenacity yarns and the like may be taken as about 1.5 grams per denier.
  • the advantages of the present invention are best seen, however, with materials of higher tenacity than this, e. g. 1.75-2, 3, 4 or more grams per denier.
  • the invention has been described with particular reference to increasing the affinity of the materials for cotton dyes.
  • the increase in afiinity obtained however is accompanied by an increase in affinity for other dyes especially vat dyes in alkaline solution.
  • Process for the production of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing high tenacity filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose in admixture with filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of an organic ester of cellulose with a 4-35% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 5-20% of a bufiering agent at a temperature below 20 C. to increasethe aflinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose ester and without deleteriously affecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
  • Process for the production of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing high tenacity filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose in admixture with filaments, fibers, yams or the like of an organic ester of cellulose with a 4-35% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 520% of sugar at. a temperature below 20 C. to increase the afiinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose ester and without deleteriously affecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
  • Process for the production of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing high tenacity filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose in admixture with filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of cellulose acetate with a 4-35% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 5-20% 01 a buffering agent at a temperature below 20 C. to increase the aflinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose acetate and without deleteriously affecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
  • Process for the production of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing high tenacity filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose in ad-- mixture with filaments, fibers, yams or the like of cellulose acetate with a 5-30% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 5-20% of glucose at a temperature below 11 C. to increase the aiflnity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose acetate and without, deleteriously affecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
  • Process for the production, of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose of tenacity at least 2 grams per denier in admixture with filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of cellulose acetate with a 5-30% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 520% of glucose at a temperature below 11 C. to increase the affinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose acetate and without deleteriously affecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
  • Process for the production of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing high tenacity filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose in admixture with filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of cellulose acetate with an 842% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 15-12% of glucose at a temperature below 5 C. to increase the affinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose acetate and without deleteriously afiecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
  • Process for the production of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose of tenacity at least 2 grams per denier in admixture with filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of cellulose acetate with an 812% aqueous solution of. caustic soda containing 13-12% of glucose at a temperature below 5 C. to increase the afinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose acetate and without deleteriously afiecting the regenerated cellulose constituents.

Description

Patented Aug. 20, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TREATMENT OF TEXTILE MATERIALS tion of Delaware No Drawing. Application August 1938, Serial 7 Claims.
This invention relates to the treatment of textile materials comprising filaments, yarns, ribbons or the like of cellulose or regenerated cellulose and especially high tenacity filaments, yarns,
5 ribbons and the like of regenerated cellulose.
By swelling regenerated cellulose textile materials, and particularly regenerated cellulose textile materials formed by saponification of textile materials having a basis of cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters, e. g. stretched cellulose ester materials which have been saponified with solutions of caustic soda or other strong alkalies, the affinity of the materials for cotton dyestuffs can be enhanced and the serimetric properties, e. g. flexibility and extensibility, can be improved.
We have now found that particularly valuable results may be obtained in this process, and any tendency of the treating solution to act deleteriously on the regenerated cellulose may be reduced, if the materials are treated with solutions of caustic soda or other strong alkali which contaln compounds capable of acting as buffers indyestuff which has an aflinity only for the regenerated cellulose yarns leaving the cellulose ester yarns white. It is, therefore, of considerable importance to be able to improve the afiinity of the regenerated cellulose yarns for the dyestuffs without at the same time deleteriously affecting the resist properties of the cellulose ester yarns. The strong alkali employed may be caustic soda, as indicated above, or it may be lithium hydroxide, caustic potash or a quaternary ammonium compound such as trimethyl benzyl ammonium hydroxide.
Particularly satisfactory results have been obtained by the use of sugars as the buffering compounds and it is, therefore, preferred to use these bodies. Various sugars may be used, for example,
cane sugar or other di-oses or poly-oses. Particularly good results have been obtained with the aid of glucose, dextrose, laevulose, galactose and other mono-oses, and there may be employed crude products containing these sugars, for ex- In Great Britain September 9,
ample, the mixture of glucose and laevulose obtainable by hydrolysing cane sugar or a'crude sugar containing the mixture obtainable by the hydrolysis of wood.
However, other buffering compounds may be 5 employed, and as examples of such agents may be mentioned polyhydric alcohols, for example, mannitol, and also substances of weakly acidic character as, for example, the amino acids, e. g. the aliphatic amino acids, as, for example, glycine or the dior poly-peptides in which two or more acid or amino residues are united, e. g. glycyl-glycine. Suitable amino acids or dior poly-peptides are, for example, those readily obtainable by the acid or alkaline hydrolysis of proteins. Crude hydrolysis products obtainable by hydrolysing wool or other protein material with aqueous alkali may also be employed. Other substances are weak inorganic acids, e. g. boric acid, and, in general, there may be employed neutral or weakly acid substances which are capable of forming salts with alkalies.
The concentrations of the strong alkali and the buffering agent will depend largely on the nature of the materials treated and of the alkali used 25 as well as on the temperature at which it is desired to work. In general as the temperature is reduced the action of a given concentration of alkali'in increasing the dye aflinity is enhanced and at the same time the danger either of deleterious action of the solution on the cellulose linkages and of saponification of cellulose ester materials present in admixture with the cellulosic materials-is reduced. Low temperatures, e. g. below 10 C. or even below 5 or 0 C., e. g. down to 35 -5 C. are therefore preferred but it is possible to work at higher temperatures, e. g. 20 C. or higher. In general, concentrations of aqueous caustic soda between 35% are most useful. Thus, valuable results are obtainable at temperatures below about 11 C. with solutions containing 5-30% of caustic soda and about 5-20% glucose and particularly useful results are obtainable by the use of solutions containing 8-12% of caustic soda and about the same amount of glucose, at 45 temperatures below 5 C. and preferably in the neighborhood. of 0 C. Lithium hydroxide can be used in similar concentrations but caustic potash must be more concentrated to get similar results and the same is true of the quaternary ammonium bases. In general, the higher the tenacity of the materials treated the less rigorous need be the conditions toget the ,desired results. The time of treatment is preferably very short, e. g. 1, z or 3 minutes but with more dilute solu- 55 tions than those contemplated above a longer 1 time of treatment is permissible, though this may introduce some danger of saponifying any cellulose ester materials present.
The alkaline medium containing the buffering compound may be applied to any form of textile material, e. g. textile material in the form of yarns or other filamentary materials or in the form of fabrics, and may be applied by any suitable method, e. g. by passing the textile materials through a bath of the alkaline medium containing the bufieringcompound. It is desirable that the materials, immediately after being contacted with the alkaline medium for the requisite time, should be quickly washed in order to stop the action of the alkaline medium.
The following examples illustrate the invention:
Example 1 Regenerated cellulosic yarn made by the complete saponification of cellulose acetate yarn stretched to a considerable extent under the infiuence of steam is immersed for 1 minute in hank form in an aqueous bath containing 10% of caustic soda and 10% of glucose at a temperature of 0 C. An aifinity for cotton dyes is imparted to the material, which, however, is not swollen to as great an extent as it would be in the absence of the glucose so that less risk of damaging the material is present.
The temperature may be maintained at 10 C. instead of 0 C. or may be between 0 and 10 C.
Example 2 V The process is carried out as in Example 1 but employing a bath containing 30% caustic soda and 15% glucose.
Example 3 The process is carried out as in Example 2 but employing a solution containing 20% of caustic soda and 10% glucose.
Example 4 Example 5 x A fabric treated according to Example 4 is dyed in a dye-bath containing 4% of Diphenyl F Scarlet 435 and 20% of common salt, these percentages being based on the weight of the material and the bath volume being 40:1. The
regenerated cellulose yarn is dyed whereas the cellulose acetate yarn remains uncoloured. I
In the above examples, caustic soda can be replaced by lithium hydroxide. Somewhat similar results can be obtained by employing in- "stead of caustic soda trimethyl benzyl ammonium hydroxide in 20% concentration, the time, temperature and concentration of the glucose being the .same. If caustic potash be substituted for the caustic soda, higher concentrations and/or times are required and the concentration of the glucose may be reduced. Instead of glucose may be used, for example, glycine, glycyl-glycine and sugars such as laevulose, dextrose and galactose.
In the examples, all the percentages are by weight.
The invention, as indicated above, is applicable to the treatment of cellulosic textile materials. generally. It is of particular importance, however, in connection with materials comprising filaments, yarns, ribbons or the like of regenerated cellulose and having a high tenacity, i. e. a tenacity higher than that obtainable by ordinary spinning processes without a spacial stretching operation. The lower limit for high tenacity yarns and the like may be taken as about 1.5 grams per denier. The advantages of the present invention are best seen, however, with materials of higher tenacity than this, e. g. 1.75-2, 3, 4 or more grams per denier.
The invention has been described with particular reference to increasing the affinity of the materials for cotton dyes. The increase in afiinity obtained however is accompanied by an increase in affinity for other dyes especially vat dyes in alkaline solution.
Having described our invention, what We desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. Process for the production of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing high tenacity filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose in admixture with filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of an organic ester of cellulose with a 4-35% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 5-20% of a bufiering agent at a temperature below 20 C. to increasethe aflinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose ester and without deleteriously affecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
2. Process for the production of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing high tenacity filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose in admixture with filaments, fibers, yams or the like of an organic ester of cellulose with a 4-35% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 520% of sugar at. a temperature below 20 C. to increase the afiinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose ester and without deleteriously affecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
3. Process for the production of improved artificial materials; which comprises treating materials containing high tenacity filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose in admixture with filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of cellulose acetate with a 4-35% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 5-20% 01 a buffering agent at a temperature below 20 C. to increase the aflinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose acetate and without deleteriously affecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
'4. Process for the production of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing high tenacity filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose in ad-- mixture with filaments, fibers, yams or the like of cellulose acetate with a 5-30% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 5-20% of glucose at a temperature below 11 C. to increase the aiflnity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose acetate and without, deleteriously affecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
5. Process for the production, of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose of tenacity at least 2 grams per denier in admixture with filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of cellulose acetate with a 5-30% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 520% of glucose at a temperature below 11 C. to increase the affinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose acetate and without deleteriously affecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
6. Process for the production of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing high tenacity filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose in admixture with filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of cellulose acetate with an 842% aqueous solution of caustic soda containing 15-12% of glucose at a temperature below 5 C. to increase the affinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose acetate and without deleteriously afiecting the regenerated cellulose constituent.
7. Process for the production of improved artificial materials which comprises treating materials containing filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of regenerated cellulose of tenacity at least 2 grams per denier in admixture with filaments, fibers, yarns or the like of cellulose acetate with an 812% aqueous solution of. caustic soda containing 13-12% of glucose at a temperature below 5 C. to increase the afinity of the regenerated cellulose for cotton dyes without saponifying the cellulose acetate and without deleteriously afiecting the regenerated cellulose constituents.
ALEXANDER JAMES WESSON. GEORGE HOLLAND ELLIS.
US223218A 1937-09-09 1938-08-05 Treatment of textile materials Expired - Lifetime US2211872A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3511591A (en) * 1965-04-09 1970-05-12 Deering Milliken Res Corp Process and product of rendering cellulosic fabrics amenable to molding operations
FR2676472A1 (en) * 1991-05-16 1992-11-20 Noveltis Mixed fabric exhibiting, after treatment, the characteristics of an article consisting solely of viscose

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3511591A (en) * 1965-04-09 1970-05-12 Deering Milliken Res Corp Process and product of rendering cellulosic fabrics amenable to molding operations
FR2676472A1 (en) * 1991-05-16 1992-11-20 Noveltis Mixed fabric exhibiting, after treatment, the characteristics of an article consisting solely of viscose

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