Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/244—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof

Definitions

• This invention relates to a new and improved sizing composition for such textile filaments and yarns as are quite insensitive to water and to which the usual sizing compositions adhere with difliculty.
• These filaments are insoluble'in substantially all common solvents and are little affected by contact with water; the ratio of their wet strength
• the manufacture of fine stockings is, at best, a delicate operation and the cost of the finished product is a reflection vof the convenience of opdown after leaving the needles and sinkers resultto their dry strength being much higher than for other textile filaments.
• Another very interesting and useful property of these filaments is their ability to become set in the condition or shape in which they are first exposed to. steam, hot water, hot alcohols and other non-solvent swelling agents. After a setting treatment the filaments when deformed tend to return, after the deforming forces are removed, tothe shape inwhich they were set.
• the synthetic linear polyamides are of two types, those obtainable from mono-aminomonocarboxylic acids and those obtainable from the reaction of suitable diamines and dibasic carboxylic acids.
• the diamine-dibasic acid derivatives are more fully described in the U. S. Patent No. 2,130,948.
• this invention shall be discussed in'terms of these polyamides, particularly of polyhexamethylene adipamide which is obtainable from the reaction of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid, although the invention is not so limited.
• the object of this invention is to provide a sizing composition for polyamide yarns which will promote good snag resistance, which will definitely reduce edge rolling of the flat knit fabric and which will make for good final'stitch formation.
• the object of the invention is accomplished by the use of a'sizing composition comprising polyalphamethacrylic acid.
• polymethacrylic acid preparation of the polyalphamethacrylic acid, hereinafter referred to as polymethacrylic acid, is not within the scope of this invention, a suitable polymer may be conveniently prepared by direct polymerization of the purified monomeric material in water.
• the monomeric material has the formula This solution of the polymer may be used directly without isolation of the polymethacrylic acid or it may also be used in solution in organic solvents.
• the natureof the invention will become more acrylic acid (having a viscosity of 4.5 poises in methyl alcohol solution) in ethyl alcohol on a Wildman full-fashioned knitting machine.
• the yarn was moistened just before it reached the needles and sinkers of the knitting machine by passing it over a wick wet with water. This moistenlng rendered the sizing composition plas- The v tic and facilitated good loop formation. humidity and temperature of the knitting room was so adjusted that the knit fabric dried sufficiently to destroy the plasticity of the sizing composition before :the fabric was removed from the knitting machine thus holding the desired loop formation in the fabric until it could be set;- Similarhi sized polyhexamethylene adipamide yarns of the proper denier and twist were used in the toe, welt, heel and sole. This fabric had little edge roll, good snag resistance, well formed stitches, and open loops. Following knitting, the
• stocking was looped and seamed in the customary manner, placed on a boarding form and' treated with saturated steam to set the yarn in the ,desired conformation. The stocking was then removed from the form and subjected to scouring, dyeing, rinsing, finishing and reboarding operations. The completed stocking had an attractive appearance, excellent stitch formation and good fabric elasticity.
• Example 11 A skein of denier, 20-turn polyhexamethylene adipamide yarn was treated as in Example I in an aqueous bath containing 8% polymethacrylic acid, 10% triacetin and 0.2% of Gardinol WA (the sodium salt of sulfuric acid ester I of lauryl alcohol).
• the yarn was used in knitting stocking fabric on a Wildman full-fashioned knitting machine. The yarn was moistened just before knitting and'the knitted fabric was dried immediately after it left the needles and sinkers by a current of warm air. The yarn knit well, producing a fabric of excellent stitch formation which showed practically no edge rolling and which had no pulled threads.
• Example III An aqueous solution was prepared containing 6% of polymethacrylic acid, 4% of glycerol, and 0.5% of Textile Softener No. 3 (a' commercial water-emulsifiable mineral oil). This solution was applied to a polyhexamethylene adipamide' yarn on a spool to spool sizing machine in which the yarn was taken fromv a twister pirn A sewing thread was prepared by plying together three l-denier, '75-filament, 12-turn S" twist oriented polyhexamethyleneadipamide yarns with 8 turns Z twist.
• the sewing thread was then treated as inExample I in an aqueous bath containing 10 g./liter of'polymethacrylic acid and 10 g./liter of glycerin and 0.6% of a mixture of 50% oleyl diethyl ethylene di'amine ethyl sulfate. and 50% dextrin, and dried at room temperature.
• the resulting sewing thread performed very well at high speeds, did not undergo appreciable abrasion on commercial sewing machines and gave seams of good strength. Sewing threads so prepared are valuable for use in the looping and seaming of these synthetic polyamide stockings.
• polymethacrylic acid adheres to the yarn, which adhesion is a strict requirement for a size. That polymethacrylic acid adheres to the yarn is surprising, considering the fact that the acid can be applied from a water solution, and that the filaments are notably insensitive to water and other common solvents, not to speak of the fact that the filaments are slick and smooth, which in itself complicates the sizing problem.
• the size compositions of this invention are capable of being easily and rapidly dried at a reasonably low temperature so that there is little danger of prematurely setting 'the polyamide yarn, which setting would tend to seriously interfere with good final stitch formation.
• the size is also capable of being easily softened by moisture .so'that a temporary condition of plasticity can be developed at the moment of knitting, after which it can be readily dried, reducing the plasticity' and holding the stitches in the desired conformation until they can be set.
• the rapid rate at which yarns sized with these tions may be dried effects an important in the sizing operation. This is especially true in continuous sizing operations permitting size applications at a very rapid rate.
• the size is capable of sofincomposiishing the yarn and of so holding the filaments together as a unitary structure as to resist snagging during the operation of knitting, looping, seaming, topping, etc., to the end that a stocking is produced which is free from pulled threads and, therefore, a high stockings is assured.
• the flat knit stocking sized with the composition has a greatly reduced tendency to roll on itself with the result that the 1 looping and seaming operation can be performed very simply and quickly and without the pro- ,fductionof snags which would certainly resultif a considerable amount of manipulation was reeconomy percentage of satisfactory the balloon of the downtwister.
• the softness and smoothness of the treated yam may be modified by the addition of material, such as glycerol, glycols, esters of glycerol, such as triacetin and glyceroltriglycollate, sulfonated oils, dextrin, urea, ethanol formamide, etc.
• material such as glycerol, glycols, esters of glycerol, such as triacetin and glyceroltriglycollate, sulfonated oils, dextrin, urea, ethanol formamide, etc.
• wetting agents such as Gardinol" WA, may be added to the composition if desired.
• Theinvention also contemplates the addition of lubricants to the composition where the presence of a lubricant on the flnalyarn is found desirable. Itis true that the sizing of the yarn permits the filaments to operate as a unitary structure, prevents the formation of pulled threads bysetting up a snag resistance, insures Similarly, the invention has poration of a textile lubricant in the compositions. Materials which are suitable for this purpose are mineral, vegetable, and sulfonated oils, soaps, such as triethanolamine oleate, and a variety of other materials such as diglycol oleate, glycerol monoricinoleate, etc.
• the lubricants added to the sizing composition can also be added before or after and independent of the size composition.
• Various coning oils may .be applied to the yarns sized according to the invention.
• examples of such compositions include olive, tea seed and and at the same time act as a lubricant and/or wetting agent.
• some of the modifiers mentioned may act as buffers to maintain at any desired value the pH of the size bath or of the size on the yarn when moistened prior to knitting. That the size composition is not strongly acid is generally desirable to prevent undue corrosion of the needles and sinkers on the knitting machine.
• Other corrosion inhibitors may be added. Examples of other materials which may be added to the wetting trough of the knitting machine for various purposes include commercial triethanoi amine and its fatty acid esters, diglycol oleate, morpholene, pyridine, etc.
• the invention contemplates the use of a sizing composition for these polyamide yarns which comprises polymethacrylic acid and certain interpolymers of methacrylic acid, or in less preferred sizing compositions, polyacrylic acid.
• a sizing composition for these polyamide yarns which comprises polymethacrylic acid and certain interpolymers of methacrylic acid, or in less preferred sizing compositions, polyacrylic acid.
• the invention contempiates a polyamide yarn well sized and well capable of being used in textile operations as may be desired and where a size performs a useful function. It will. be found that the size adheres well to the yarn and resists mechanical removal which might result from the forces involved in a twisting operation or by rubbing against thread guides, etc.
• the sizing composition of this invention is also valuable in the treatment of textile filaments composed of other synthetic linear polymers includingpolyesters, polyethers, polyacetals, mixed polyesterpolyamides, etc., which, for example, may be prepared by a process of condensation polymetrizationas described in U. S. Patent No. 2,071,250.
• These sizing compositions are also suitable for sizing of filaments and yarns composed of the polymers prepared'by high pressure polymerization of ethylene which are described in the copending application of Fawcett et al., Serial No. 123,722,'filed February 2, 1937; also for sizing yarns of ingrain sllkin view of the definite advantage of ease of removal over sericin.
• a textile yarn comprising filaments of a crystalline syntheticlinear polymer taken from the class consisting of polyesters, polyethers and polyamides containing a coating of a sizing composition comprising a compound taken from the group consisting of polymethacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with. less than 10% of styrene, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% of vinyl acetate and an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% of methyl methacrylate.
• a textile yarn comprising filaments of a crystalline synthetic linear polymer taken from the class consisting of polyesters, polyethers and polyamidescontaining 2% to 6% by weight of a coating of a compound taken from the group of styrene, an interpolymerof methacrylic acid consisting of polymethacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% of styrene, an interpolyamides containing 2% to 6% of a coating of polymethacrylic acid.
• a textile yarn comprising filaments of a crystalline synthetic linear polyamide containing a coating of a sizing composition comprising a compound taken from the group consisting of polymethacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% of styrene, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% of vinyl acetate and an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% of methyl methacrylate.
• a textile yarn comprising filaments of a crystalline synthetic linear polyamide containing 2% to 6% by weight of a coating of a compound taken from the group consisting of polymethacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% with less than 10% of vinyl acetate and an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% of methyl methacrylate.
• a textile yarn comprising filaments of a crystalline synthetic linear polyamide containing a coating of asizing composition comprising polymethacrylic acid.
• a textile yarn comprising filaments of a crystalline synthetic linear polyamide containing 2% to 6% of a coating of polymethacrylic acid.
• a textile yarn comprising polyhexamethyl-.
• a sizing composition comprising a compound taken from the group consisting of polymethacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than of styrene, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with les than 10% of vinyl acetate and an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% of methyl methacrylate.
• the process of rendering textile yarns comprising filaments of a crystalline synthetic linear polyamide resistant to snagging and capable of being knit into fabrics'which will retain a uniform loop formation which comprises applying to said yarns a compound taken from the group consisting of polymethacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with acrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% of styrene, an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% of vinyl acetate and an interpolymer of methacrylic acid with less than 10% of methyl methacrylate.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22895187

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (14)

• 0
  • NL NL51855D patent/NL51855C/xx active
• 1938
  • 1938-10-29 US US237789A patent/US2253146A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1939
  • 1939-10-20 DE DEP79914D patent/DE757623C/de not_active Expired

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