US2249825A - Hair clipper - Google Patents

Description

HAIR- cLIPER Filegl larch 7, 1955 "2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR 5 22 a 2 2 3 QZJQMfilWflMA- w'mA.

ATTORNEYS July 22,1941. J. A: 'HANLEY 72,249,325

- HAIR CLIPPER 4 Filed March 7, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Jazz Ajfany ATTORNEYS Patented July '22, 1941 HAIR CLIPPER John A. Henley, Stamford, Conn, assignor to Gillette Safety Buor Company, Boston, Mass. a corporation of Delaware Application March I, 1935, Serial No. 9,714

2'1Claimsa My present invention is concerned in its'most specific application withhair clippin apparatus of the type used as a substitute 'i'or a razor, al-

though in certain of its aspects the invention is applicable to other types or hair shearing orclipping apparatus, and to tools used for other purposes.

The invention is more especially concerned with various alternative embodiments of construction and in some respects with improvements .upon the hair clipping heads disclosed and generically claimed in my copending application Serial No. 5,319, filed, February 'I, 1935.

An object of the present invention is to provide a construction of the above general type in which the coactlng shear plates are inherently correlated to admit of facility of direct as-:

sembly on the handle or holder withoutthe use of any distinct latch plate apart from the handie. Anotherfebject is to provide a device of the above ype, which though provided with the V- shaped teeth, desirable tor-guiding the stubble to the shearing edge, is yet eflective to shear close to the skin throughout the eiiective height of said v teeth.

Another object is to provide an apparatus of the above type admitting oi ready replacement of tools oi various types and for various uses, the tool handle affording a universal holder for any of a number of'tool carriers, each having a elongated slot in said fin. ,In another type of construction, the fin or stem is a part of the inner or movable shear plate, the shear edges of which are straddled by the fixed shear plate. The moving shear head may in one embodiment be generally T-shaped in cross-section, the fixed shear plate straddling the head of the T, which is preferably beveled at its edges. In another embodiment, the movable shear plate may be generally Y-shaped, the arms of the Y aflording inherently beveled edges over which the casing and engaging the fixed fin or stem.

While the various embodiments lend themselves particularly to symmetrical shear heads with two sets of parallel shear edges, it is within the scope of the invention to form the shear teeth directly on the exposed edge of a plate directly positioned at one edge in the groove of the casing in place of the tin or stem of the other embodiments. The fixed shear plate, in that case would straddle said shear edge and would be fixed near itsopposite edge'to the casing or handle.

Another feature of the invention is the progressive thinning of the stock-of the fixed shear plate across its beveled shear edge to be substantially proportional at each part of the width of said edge to the width or the corresponding portion of the V-shaped slots,'by which arrangement the skin will be brought into close contact with the moving shearing plate throughout the eiiective width or each shearing edge.

80 In the accompanying drawings, in which are shown one or more of various possible embodiments oi the several features of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view in longitudinal cross-section through one embodiment of the in 85 vention,

Fig. 2 is a. fragmentary side view of said embodiment,

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the fixed shear plate unit thereof,

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the movable plate A unit thereof,

Fig. 5 is a perspective view on a greatly enlarged scale oi the shearing serrations on the movable plate,

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on line 8-8 of Fla. 5.

Fig. 7 is a view on a greatly enlarged scale showing the slotted construction of the outer or fixed shear plate blank,

Fig. 8.1a a transverse sectional view on a greatly enlarged scale on line 8-8 of Fig. 1 illustrating the close clipping action at the wider portions of, the shear slots,

Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 8, and on line 99 of Fig. 1, showing thecorresponding op- 55 eratlon at the narrow parts of the shear slots,

' sides 25 of the fixed plate.

Fig. is a view similar to Fig. 4 of a modified construction of movable shear plate,

Fig. 1'1 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of a modification,

Fig. 1-2 isa fragmentary mrspective view showing the installation of the embodiment of Fig. 11,

Fig. 13 is a. fragmentary view similar to Fig. 11. showing another embodiment,

Fig. 14 is a. fragmentary side view of another embodiment,

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary front view of the embodiment of Fig. 14,

Fig. 16 is a disassembled perspective view of a. desirable form of shear head mount, and

Fig. 17 is a fragmentary view in longitudinal cross-section illustrating the assembly of the shear head mount of Fig. 16.

Referring now to the embodiment of Figs. 1 to 4, there is shown the fragment of a handle casing 20 in which is mounted a motor (not 20 which lodges the shear head,'now to be described.

The two coacting elements of the shear headcomprise an outer or fixed shear plate or element 22 and a complementary inner. or reciprocating shear plate or member 23. The outer element in the present embodiment is a composite unit comprising a sheet of stainless steel presenting a flat shear face 26, having inturned sides 25 with parallel spaced shanks 26 which straddle a solid metal block 21 to which they are welded. The block with the shanks welded thereto forms a 'central fin, keel, stem or rib tolodge in the groove 2|. As shown, the shear face 28 is spaced by the inturned sides 25 from the block 21 to form anopen channel of equi-lateral trapezoidal crosssection, of which the wider base constitutes the shearing face 24, the narrower base being determined by-the upper end of the block 21.

The movable plate 23 is lodged in said channel,

' and in a preferred embodiment shown, comprises a channel-shaped plate of stainless steel engaging the block 21 at its central web 28, the outwardly flaring sides 29 engaging the inturned The outer edges 30 of the movable plate extend obliquely of the stock in a common plane parallel to web 28, as shown,

and closely engage the shear face throughout their lengths and widths, as shown in Fig. 1.

The shearing conformation is generally similar to that shown in the copending application Serial No. 5,319, above referred to, and will be but briefly described here.

The edges 30 of the movable plate 23 are toothed, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, by undercut ting from the outer or flaring sides 29 of plate 23 to form V-shaped grooves 31 which become progressively wider and deeper from the apex 32, such grooves cutting through the obliquely extending shear edges 30 of said plate to form the triangular serrations 33 thereat.

' The shearing conformations of the fixed or enclosing plate 22 are formed by slots 34 transversely of the lateral edges of the shear face thereof. These slots 34, as shown in Fig. 7, may

be formed by beveled milling cutters and are spindle-shaped with maximum length and width at the outer face and minimum length and width at the inner face of the plate, the walls of said slots extending obliquely through the thickness of the stock. The fold line between the shear face and the inturned side 25, as shown, is not along the median lines of the spindle-shaped slots 36, but somewhat in back of said median line and particularly along the line 35 in Fig. 7, so that, as best shown .in Fig. 1, the upper ends of the slots 36' are nearer the fold edge than the lower ends 34 of said slots, which latter thus greatly facilitate shedding of clippings.

As a safeguard against possible abrasion of the face by the end edges of the shear face 2t, it is desirable to provide narrow integral extensions along said ends which are turned inwardly, as at 36, into-snug engagement with the shear face to afiord a rounded smooth edge.

The shear head is aflixed to the casing, preferably by means of a pair of latch pins 31 extending through corresponding bores 38 in the casing and at their inner ends engaging corresponding depressions 39 in the fin or stem 26-21 of the shear head. These pins preferably protrude at right angles from a U-shaped leaf spring ill, to which their outer ends are attached at M, said leaf spring being secured to the casing at the lower ends of its U arms by means of screws 40. It will be apparent that the shear head when pressed into the groove 2! will ride over the inner ends of pins-31, which will then snap into the depressions 39 and thereby afiix the shear head into operative position. The spring 40 has an outstanding lip 50 for facility in manipulation when the shear head is to be removed from the handle casing. The head is preferably lodged snugly at inturned sides 25 against the formation of the casing, and the innermost end of the fin or keel 2621 is spaced as shown from the bottom of groove 2|.

' The reciprocating lever 42 operated from the electric motor (not shown) protrudes through an elongated central slot 33 in the mounting fin 2621 and its upper extremity M engages a corresponding rectangular narrow central slot 45 of the inner shear plate 23 for operating the latter.

In use, the device is pressed atthe shear face 24 into face to face engagement with the surface to be clipped and the clipping, of course, occurs at the contact face between'the edges of the inner moving shear plate, 23 and the shear stop portions 34 in the outer or shear face 24, the clippings being readily shed through the undercut portions 3! of the serrations and along the flaring sides 25 of the shear plate 22 and through the elongated portion 34 of the shear slots 88.

A desirable refinement in the construction is the grinding of the bearing face to be progressively thinned from its lateral edges to the regi n of the apices of the serrations as at 48. Thus t e thickness of the bearing metal stock is a maximum at the lateral edges of the shear face where the shear slots 34v are widest and is a minimum at the inner ends of said shear slots where they.

them is a. maximum, the skin may, under presturned flanges are preferably centrally indented end of said T stem is preferably spaced from the bottom of notch 51 to reduce friction. In thisus" {mount constituting the front or nose of the casing. .In a desirable, embodiment, this mount aasasas tent shown at 41 and the stock is correspondingly thinned, as best shown in Fig. 9, to permit the.

skin-at that region, as at 41'; also'to come into engagement with the inner shear plate edge ll. In actual practice it is found that for best operation the distance between the centers of successive shear teeth (and of successive shear serrations) shouldbe as' little as,.0025 inch.

The embodiment of Fig,. 10 represents but a slight modification with respect to that of Fig. 4, in that, in place of the channel bar-shaped movable plate 23, a solid movable plate 50 trapezoidal in cross -section is employed. The wider face of said trapezoidal plate is undercut at ll between the lateral track edges 52 at which the serrations Glare formed, and the notch 54 in the narrow base of said plate performs the functions of slot 45 in Fig. 4. 9,5

In the alternative embodiments of Figs. 11.to 15, the parts of the shear head are, generally speaking, reversed in that the element with the keel or stem is the reciprocated portion, the exposed operating portions of which are straddled 39 by the fixed shear-element.

In the embodiment of Fig. 11', the movable plate is, generally speaking, a T bar, the keel or stem 58 of which extends into the casing notch 57 and is either formed integral or has spot welded thereto the T-head 58, which extends I symmetrically from opposite faces of stem l6.

The lateral edges of the T head are beveled as at It and formed with the serrations 80 substantially identical with those in Figs. 5 and 6. 40

I The fixed shear plate is in the character of a sheath ll with inturned edges or borders, extending under and straddling the T head and engaging theend of the casing 82 at their inner extremities. The obliquely extending or beveled sides 63 of said sheathing plate N are slotted exactly as above described in connection with' Fig. '7.

Inasmuch as the keel or stem It in this embodiment reciprocates, the latching construction'of Figs. 1 and 2 cannot be applied. In the presentembodiment accordingly, a spring latch plate I is fixed as by screw it, oneat each side of the casing. Each latch plate has a narrow inturned flange 61 overlapping the corresponding end of the outer or fixed sheathing shear plate 7 II, as shown in Figs. 11. 12 and 17. The inor rounded, as at t8, to equalize the pressure along the oblique lateral shearing edges.

The stem of the T head or rib is provided with a central notch ill-into which protrudes the extremity of the operating lever ll and the inner embodiment, the apparatus is used like a hoe type of safety razor, as distinguished from the embodiment of 'Figs. 1 to 10. in whichthe device is held at right angles to .the face. I

- The embodiment of. Fig. lt is generally similar (.0

to that of Fig. 11, except. that instead of-a T vbeam f orthe.rnovableishear plate, a Y-beam is I employed, This Y -beam may bema'de up ofa I I I I I I I.

- by a pairof screws Ili extending th ugh slots pair of, similar plates 'll, each'bent along an obtuse angle and spot welded together at the-stem 'to forming part II to afford the diverging'arms ll of the Y. As-in the embodiment of'Fi'g. 1, the

upper edges of the stock are cut obliquely so that. the upper ends of-the Y-arms extend in a com- .mon plane at right angles to the stem ll.

. The fixed shear plate I! straddles thegap-between theY-arms and is laterallyinturned, as at II, to snugly engage the outer faces of said arms ll, as shown, and to be retained between the Y-unit and the correspondingly channeled end of the casing 8i.

In this case, of course, the outer face of the fixed plate serves as the shear face, for .use of the device in the same manner as in the'embodiment of Figs. ,1 to 10. The same latch plates I! are preferably used to assemble the parts, as in the embodiment of Figs. 11 and 12. The serration'of the Y edges and the slotting of the fixed "or sheathing plate is substantially the same as in the other embodiments.

Figs. 14 and 15 show an embodiment which differs from the others in affording but a single instead oftwin pairs of shear edges. For this purpose the beveled serrated shear edge 82 is formed at the outer end of a rectangular plate 83, which its with clearance into the groove 84 of the handle casing but bottoms in slot 2i thereof. The coacting fixed shear plate 35 in this embodiment serves as the means for holding the movable plate ll assembled to the device. For vthispurpose the fixed shear 'plate is attached to one side of the casing by appropriate means and bridges over the beveled outer edge of the movable plate, the outer edge of said flxed plate being bent over at it to straddle said movable plate. The movable plate is serrated and the fixed plate slotted substantially exactly as in Figs. 5, 6 and 7. The flxed plate may be attached to the casing, preferably by a latching plate 81 held by pins I! which may be fixedly mounted in the beveled forward end 93 of the casing. The pins OI pass through corresponding openings (not shown) in the fixed shear plate and have notched heads 09 which pass through key slot 00 in the latch plate 81. The lateral shifting of said plate 81 brings the notched heads into the narrow portions of'the slots 80 for firmly affixing the shear plate it and its latch plate 81.

Preferably an auxiliary holder plate If is attached by means of screws .2 to the other inclined face 93' of the casing. The outer edge of plate 8i has a beveled edge ll, the width of -.which engages the extremity of inturned'edge Id of the fixed plate ti and prevents the latter from turning outwardly. I 4 In each embodiment the stock of theouter or shear plate may be ground to be progressively While the handle -min may be made of two {complementary unitary pieces, a casing proper --ll and a' cover it ia' desirable. according to one feature of 'the'invention. to afford a detachable tool mount I] for the shaving head, said piece has a unitary key le -along the inner face thereof 'toi'it into a corresponding key-way ll lathe frontof body. The front of said nose piece 01' has the longitudinal groove 1 'III for mounting the shear head. The" nose piece is afnxed to the"casing proper; referably Y I" infl the thicknessfithereof eads counters'unk, as air-I03, in the bottom of the groove I02. "The nose piece has a central port I04 through'which the operating lever' I05 protrudes for engagement with the movable piece of the shear head. Slots I 02 are preferably wider along the length ofmount piece 91 than is the diameter of screws IIII, which permits of adjustment of the nose piece 91 properly to v center the same with respect to lever I05.

It will be understood that by the provision of the separate nose piece 91, it is possible to use one common casing and motor head for any of a varietyof tools including shear heads, massaging heads,-orthe like, each nose piece being' {specially conformed at its face for the particular tool it carries and having a common rear face conformation'with key 98 to be aflixed to and operated from the motor carrying handle piece 9596 which thus serves for universal use with a great variety of tools.

It will thus be seen that there is herein described apparatus in which the several features of this invention are embodied, and which apparatus in its action attains the various objects of the invention and is well suited to meet the requirements of practical use.

As many changes could be made in the above construction, andmany apparently widely difing transversely slotted to aflford shear teeth along the margins of the otherwise continuous plate,- and ashear member slidably positioned within said channel and serrated at its opposite edges for coaction with said slots, said shear member having a notch in the middle of its base, and said metal block having a longer-notch to afi'ord access for reciprocation of said shear member.

4'. The combination set forth in claim 3 in ,which the plate afiords'a trapezoidal channel with the block at the narrower base thereof and in which the movable shear member comprises a channel bar with flaring sides engaging the ing above said track and protruding laterally beyond the front of said casing,v said element having anedge with shear teeth, a complementary shear element, means for releasably securing one of said plates in fixed position with respect to said casing, means protruding from said casing for reciprocating the other of said-plates,

the fixed shear plate having an inturned edge straddling the shear edge of the movable plate and having shear teeth across said inturned edges conformed as slots with closed ends, and

means to maintain said inturned edge from separation relative to the coacting shear element.

2. Hair clipping apparatus comprising a shearing 'unitincluding. a fixed outer shear plate having inturned parallel margins, transversely slotted to afiord shear teeth, a movable shear plate straddled and enclosed by said fixed plate and laterally serrated for shearing coa'ction therewith, the outer of said coacting plates having portions of said shearing conformations inturned and extending at an inclination inward toward 'each other under the movable shear plate, one of said plates having rigid therewith, a stem extending longitudinally midway of the width thereof and adapted to be lodged in a' corresponding notch longitudinally of the end of a handle casing.

3. Hair clippingapparatus comprising a casing, 11. fixed shear plate extending laterally beyond the sides of the front of said casing and having symmetrically intu'rned side extensions, a fixed block sides of the channel and in which the width of the edges of said bar extends in direct engagement with the wider base of the trapezoidal channel.

5. The combination set forth in claim 3 in which the plate affords a.. trapezoidal channel with the block at the narrower base thereof and in which the movable shear member comprises a solid trapezoidal rod substantially filling said channel.

6. Hair clipping apparatus comprising a motor enclosing handle casing having a notch longitudinally of its operating end, a shear head including a stem lodged in said notch, a shear plate structure rigid with said stem, said structure having parallel opposite shear edges and determining an open channel above said stem, a coacting movable shear plate slidable in said channel, a motor operating lever protruding through said notch, through an elongated slot in said stem and into a corresponding notch in said movable plate and a latching'pin extending through a passage in said casing into a corresponding depression laterally of said stem and a spring fixed to said casing urging said pin into latching position.

7. Hair clipping apparatus comprising a carrying head having a notch at one end across the width thereof, a movable shear member having a fin guided in said notch and having a plate beveled and serrated at its opposite edges, a coacting'shear plate extending across the movable plate and havingits edges infolded to sheathe the beveled shear edges thereof, said infolded edges transversely slotted to afiord shear edges coacting with the serrations of said movable plate, and means removably attaching said sheathing plate in fixed position on said carrying head. Y

8, Hair clipping apparatus comprising a hen-- dle casing, a movable shear piece having a fin slidably lodged in a corresponding notch along the end of said handle casing for reciprocation .therealong, a plate rigid with said fin afi'ording lateral serrated shear edges, a coacting shear plate, and means engaging the ends of said coacting plate andremovably securing the latter in fixed position on said head.

9. Hair clipping apparatus comprising a head.

a moving shear piece having a nu slidable in acorresponding notch along said head to be recipev rocated therealong, a transverse plate rigid with said fin afi'ording lateral serrated shearing edges,

- a coacting shear plate and end plates attached interposed and secured between said extensions and defining an open channel between said block a and said plate. the told edges of said plate beto said head and overlapping the ends of said coacting plate to hold the latter in fixed position.

10. Hair clipping apparatus comprising a head, a double edged beveled and serrated shear plate unitincluding' a median fin lodged in a corresponding notch in said head, for reciprocation therealons. acoacting fixed shear plate extendassasas in the end of said head and having the ends of the T-head beveled and serrated, a fixed shear ing inward from the edge of the plate, the thickness at each part thereof being directly proportional to'the width of the corresponding portion of the V-shaped shear slot.

1'7. Hair clipping apparatus comprising an inner movable shear plate having a set of lateral shearing serrations, an outer fixed shear plate of plate covering said T-bar head and having its 9 edges folded under said beveled serrated edges, said folded edges being transversely" slotted to afford shear teeth coacting'with' those of said movable plate and means coactlng with said fixed plate to secure the latter tosaid head.

12. Hairclipping apparatus comprising a head, a Y-beam shaped shear plate unit having its stem beveled edges, said edges serrated, a fixed shear plate superposed over said Y and infolded about said-beveled edges and transversely slotted for shearing coaction with said serrations, and

aheetvmetal straddling said serrated edge, said fixed plate having transverse shear slots at said straddling edge, said shear slots being generally V-shaped at their inner or shear surface, and

diverging to maximum width-at the exposed edge of the plate, the thickness of said outerplate along the shearing width thereof being a maximum along'the wider portions of the V slots and a minimum near the apices of the V notches, said thickness tapering for substantiallydirect pro-- portionality to the width of the corresponding .20 lodged in a corresponding notch in said head, and its diverging protruding arms terminating in I a common plane, and thus affording opposite a movable shear unit having a fin lodged in a' corresponding notch in said headand adapted to be reciprocated therealong, said shear unit having opposite shearing edges symmetrical with respect to said fin, a fixed shear plate superposed over said movable unit and coactlng with the opposite shear edges thereof, holder plates attached at opposite sides of said head and-overlapping the opposite'. ends of said fixed shear plate, said holder plates being symmetrically rounded to engage the shear plate along a me-' I dian line thereof for equalizing the pressure at the two shear edges.

14. 'Hair clipping apparatus comprising a beveled edge of said movable plate, said folded edge being transversely slotted at the fold edge head, a a movable shear unit comprising asolid plate lodged at one edge in a corresponding notch in to aiford shear teeth coacting with the serrations Q of said movable plate.

15. Hair clipping apparatus including a beveled head having oblique sides, a movable serrated beveled shear plate lodged at one edge in a corresponding notch at the front of said head, a coacting fixed shear-plate fixed near one edge to one of the oblique sides of said head and folded at its other edge about the serrated beveled edge of the movable plate, said folded edgetransversely slotted to afford shear teeth coactlng with those of the movable plate, and a retainer plate attached to the other oblique face of the.

head, and having its free edge overlapping the free extremity of the infolded edge of said fixed plate.

16. Hair clipping apparatus including two con-. tactlng shear members. comprising an outer plate with a spaced series of narrow V-shaped' shear'slots having ap'icesand diverging to a maximum width at-the exposed edge of the plate and an inner shear plate with shearingserrations, the outer plate being of thickness, tapera casing, a removable tool carrying mount having a transverse key connection with respect to said handle, and operating means extending through a corresponding passage in said mount for operating a tool, screws ext-ending through corresponding slots in said mount, threaded into the front of said handle, said slots elongated to permit of minor adjustment of said mount for proper setting of a tool relative to the operating means.

19. In apparatus of the character described, the combination of a handle having a tool operating lever protruding through the front thereof, a removable mount keyed to the front of the handle and having a longitudinal groove inits forward end to lodge a tool, screws having their heads below the bottom of said groove and afilxed ening the same,-for coordination of the tool with respect to the operating lever therefor.

2 0. In apparatus of the character described, a shearing head including an inner movable serrated plate, an outer fixed plate having its fiat surface straddling the shear edge of the inner plate and slotted across said shear edge to afford shear teeth, said outer plate having lateral extensions beyond the slotted portions thereof, said extensions infolded to afford protective .edges against injury to the face.

, 21. Hair clipping apparatus comprising a handle casing having a guide track longitudinally of .its end, coactlng shear plates mounted on said handle and including a plate element extending substantially the length and width and protruding above said track, said element having a bevelled edge with shear teeth, a complementary Nshear plate conformed to said bevelled edge and having an inturned margin extending along the under face of said bevelled edge and enclosing and straddling the exposed area of said first plate and having teeth coactlng with those of said first plate, means for releasably securingone of said plates in fixed position with respect to said casing and means protruding from said casing for reciprocating the other of said plates.

22. Hair clipping apparatus comprising a in a notch in said head and having shear edges on opposite edge portions of the T-head, a fixed shear plate having shear edges in coaction with those of said movable unit and means secured to said and overlapping the opposite ends of 23. 'Hair clipping apparatus comprising a head, a moving shear plate'of T-beam cross-section, having its stem guided for movement in the end of said head and having the ends of the T-head beveled and serrated, a fixed shear plate covering said T-bar head and having its edges turned under said beveled serrated edges, said turned edges being transversely slotted to afford shear teeth coacting with those of said movable plate and means coacting with said fixed plate to secure the latter to said head.

24. Hair clipping apparatus comprising a handle having a longitudinal notch along its forward end, a movable platelodged and guided in said notch but substantially free from frictional engagement therewith and ,having a. bevelled shear edge, operating means within said handle for reciprocating said plate, and a enacting fixed shear plate secured to said handle, having an inturned margin conformed to said bevelled edge,

- enclosingand straddling the shear edge of said v a,249,s2k said fixed shear plate to. hold the parts assembled.

said stem, a complementary shear plate, the inner 01' said two plates having serrated lateral edges, the outer of said plates having margins extending over and covering the lateral edges of the inner plate and said margins being transversely slotted to afford shear teeth, one of said shear plates being movable relative to the casing, said plate having a conformation at its lower part from which it is reciprocated.

26. Hair clipping apparatus comprising a head having a longitudinal notch, a movable shear member having a stem lodged in said notch and having two bevelled shear edges between parallel planes at right angles to said stem, and separated by a distance greater than the thickness of said stem, a coacting shear platelaterally sheathing the shear edges of the movable shear member and having inturned margins extending thereunder, said sheathing plate being transversely slotted across the straddling and sheathing edges to form shear teeth, and means securing said sheathing plate in fixed position relative to said head.

27. In apparatus ofthe character described, a handle having a key element along its end, a replaceable tool carrying mount having a complementary key element, fastening means for rigidly attaching said mount to said handle with 'said key elements in coaction and operating means extending. through passages therefor in the two elements of said key connection for operating a tool.

- JOM A.

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