US2228761A - Loom - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 14, 1941.

E. GROETSCHEL LOOM Filed Sept. 28, 19384 4 (sheets-sheet 2 Ahoi/neus.-

Jan. 14, 1941.

, E. GRoETscHx-:L 2,228,761

LOOM

Filed Sept. 28, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 5y: EELAF GRCZZL Paienied Jap.. 14, 1941 I 2,228,761

uuiTa STATES PATENT oFFicI-I.

LOOM

Erlaf Groetsohel, BerlimGermany Application September 28, 1938, Serial No. 232,089

In Germany July 16, 1937 15 Claims. (Cl. 139-279) This invention relates tol looms with vertical Fig. 3y is a perspective view oi the more imwarp threads and provides means for effecting portant actuating and control members for the the drive such as are mainly employed in looms formation` ofA the shed, the take-up of the cloth of the domestic or household type. and other functions.

5 The invention resides more particularly in the Fig. 4 is a perspective View of a shuttle box 5 `act that a plurality of warps situated one bewith the picking plate tensioning device. hind the other in vertical planes and freely a'c- Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through a shutcessible from both sides are passed through an tle box. upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a shuttle, and

l0 frame. The actuating and control members for Fig. 7 shows the. releasing means for the pick- 10 the cloth take-up, for the heald movements, for ing platev locking members in front view. the shuttle movement and also for the oscillat- Fig. 3 is another embodiment of a loom acing reed frame are designed on the lines of a cording to Fig. 1, having a stationary picking domestic loom and can be operated, while derivmechanism.

ing the drive from a main shaft, without any Fig. 9 is a part View of a shuttle box of the 15 substantially greater expenditure of power than loom according to Fig. 8. in the case of domestic looms with only one web In the vertical uprights I of thev loom a reed of cloth. The movements of the actuating and frame 3 common to warp groups 2 situated` one control membersare effected by way of a main behindV the other in three vertical planes is shaft, for example from a pedal crank drive guided by means of rollers 4 or the like so. that arranged separately oi the loom in a saddle it can oscillate up and down in a Vertical direcracket or the like. tion.

The shuttle lboxes may be connected to the The warp threads 2 are let off the warpl beams reed frame oscillating up and down under the 5 mounted in the lower part of theY loom, then action oi an eccentric or connecting-rod crank pass through common healdsor harness frames 25 drive, cr -be arranged stationarily 'inde- 7, 8 adapted t0 Slide in lateral gIOOVed guides 6 pendently of said reed frame. In the case of and thereupon enter the reed frame 3. In. the stationary shuttle boxes a common picking moplane of the warp threads 2 the reed. frame 3 tion actuated by separate control means is prefhas reeds oi known design, Which are Simuleraoly provided, whilst in the case of oscillating taneously adapted for guiding the shuttles 9. 30 shuttle boxes the picking plates are tensioned The adjinng Web 0f 010th then Passes in the by the upward and downward movement of the upper parli 0f the 100m @Ver take-11D T01-1ers l0 reed frame. and is wound on cloth rollers l2, which bear For controlling the harness frames, thecloth against the take-up rollers by the action of roller take-up motion and the conjointly moved springs H. The bearings i3 for the cloth rollpicking plates a lay-shaft preferably having iners i2 are mounted on pivots Hi. Owing to this terchangeable tappets, notched discs and the pivotal mounting and also the. provision of the like is provided, which is actuated from the main springs il the cloth rollers l2 are always caused driving shaft. to bear against the take-up rollers It, irrespec- The diiierent parts or" the loom are arranged tive of the fact as to whether 'there is much or 40 in such fashion that they are simultaneously aclittle cloth on the rollers l2. ccssible from all sides, and so that a plurality The drive for all component parts of the loom of, for example three, looms are combined in is derived from a main yshaft l5.` Since in ac;- one frame with acommondrive. The reed frame cordance with the invention the operation of provided for all webs of cloth is suspended from the various actuating and control members does equalising springs for the purpose of reducing not require anysubstantially greaterfegpendthe driving power required, the said springs beture of power than in the case of domestic looms so designed that they simultaneously assist having one Web 0f 610th. the, main Shaft Cdn adthe tensioning of the picking plates. vantageously be rotated by a pedal crank drive Several embodiments of the loom according il mounted separately from the loom in a sagt-f to the invention are illustrated by way of examdie bracket l5 and acting through the medium 50 ple in the accompanying drawings, wherein of a belt i8., a chain or the like. The rotation of Ff. 1 shows diagrammatically an elevational the main sha-ft l5 is transmitted by means of 'viv or" a loom for producing three fabrics. belts 2|, 22, chains or the like to two shafts 19, nig. 2 is an end view corresponding to Fig. l. ii@ preferably mounted in the vicinity of the uprights I. Mounted on one end of the shafts I9, 20 are crank discs 23, 24 pivotally connected to the reed frame 3 by connecting rods 25. The reed frame 3 is thereby moved evenly up and down at four points in the uprights by the connecting- rod crank drive 23, 24, 25, its stroke corresponding to the diameter of the discs 23, 24.

The shaft 29 carries a ratchet nger 26, which intermittently rotates a lay-shaft 21 through the medium of a star wheel 28 (Fig. 3). Mounted on the lay-shaft 21 are tappets 29 co-lperat7 ing with a double-armed lever 3| pivoted at 3|).

The lever 3| has a slot 32 in which a connectingV piece 33 for a pull member 34 is adapted to slide and to be secured in certain location (Fig. 1). At its other end the pull vmember 34 is secured to a second connecting piece 35 adapted to slide and to be clamped in a suitable shaped slot 36 in a one-armed lever 31. The lever 31, which is mounted in the upper part of the loom, is adapted to rock about the axis 38 and is drawn continuously by the spring 39 in the direction of the stop 40. Due to the rotation of the tappets 29 the lever 3| and, through the medium of the member 35,'the lever 31 is rocked at certain intervals against the action of the spring 39; that is to say, a pull in the direction of the arrow a is exerted periodically on the member 34. During the rocking movements-of the lever 31 its pawl4| drives a ratchet wheel 42, which is secured against backward rotation by a locking pawl 43. The intermittent movement of the ratchet wheel 42 is transmitted to a sprocket wheel 44 mounted with it on the same shaft 38. A chain 45 passes about the wheel 44 and also about further sprocket wheels 41 secured to the shafts 46 of the take-up rollers l0, so that all wheels 41, and hence the take-up rollers Il), are rotated in the same direction by the wheel 44. Tensioning rollers 48 ensure the position of the chain 45 on the wheels 41. The parts 29, 3|, 31, 42, etc., are so adjustedrelatively to one ano-ther that unobstructed fabric take-up corresponcng to the pick of the weft is ensured, variation of the fabric take-up being quite readily possible within certain limits by means of the parts 33, 35.

vNotched discs 49 for the attachment of tappets 50 are mounted on the lay-shaft 21 according to the weave required and the existing healds 1, 8. According to the number of the notched discs 49 present, double armed levers 52 are pivotally mounted on a spindle 5|. The rocking movements of the levers 52 depend upon the size of the tappets 59. The free ends of the levers 52 are connected to the healds 1, 8 by ilexible pull members 53. According to the position of the tappets 50 on the lay-shaft 21, the levers 52 are rocked at uniform intervals of time, and hence the healds 1, 8 through the medium of the pull members 53 are caused to slide in the guides 6 against the action of tension springs 54 (Figure 1) for forming the shed.

Picking of the shuttles takes place simultaneously for all the warp groups 2 by means of the picking device shown in Figure 4. Shuttle boxes 55 substantially comprising two vertical walls 56 are Xed to the reed frame 3 -n line with the individual reeds. The closure of the box 55, which is open towards the reed, is formed by a picking plate 51 adapted to slide on the box bottom 58. It is guided by lateral rods 59 secured to it and passing through eyes 60 fixed externally of the walls 56. Tension springs 6| tend to press `all the shuttles of one side takes place.

this operation, however, the levers 15 provided! the plate 51 constantly against the front edges of the walls 56. Fixed to the shuttle box bottom 58 are arms 62 forming the pivots 63 for a bellcrank system 64. Pivotally connected at 68 to the bell-crank system 64 of each shuttle box 55 is a knee lever 61 connected by hinges 65 to longitudinal members 66 of the loom. The free arms 69 of the bell-crank lever 64 bear against rollers 10 mounted on the picking plate 51.

When the reed frame 3 is in its lowest position, the shuttle boxes 55 are closed and the knee levers 61 are in a substantially vertical position (Figures 2 and 4). When the reed frame moves upwardly, the knee lever 61 are obliged to yield and bend towards the inside of the loom owing to their hinged suspension. The bell-crank systems 64 are thereby also turned outwardly, as indicated in chain lines in Figure 2, the arms 69 pressing back the rollers 10 and hence the picking plates 51 of the individual shuttle boxes against the action of the springs 6|, until they move behind resilient locking noses 1| projecting through the shuttle box bottom 58. Each locking nose 1| is situated on the end of a double armed lever 12 which is pivoted to the bottom 58 at 13 and is under the action of the spring 14. For picking the shuttles 9 it is merely necessary to turn the lever 12 so that the locking nose 1| releases the picking plate 51 which under the action of the springs 6| propels the shuttle 9 into the opposite shuttle box.

A control device as shown in Figure 7 is provided on each side of the loom for rocking the levers 12. This device in the constructional example shown, in accordance with the Warp groups present, comprises three one-armed levers 15 adapted to be rocked about the pivots 16 into the chain line position under the action of the spring 'Iheir movements in common are ensured by a connecting rod 18 pivotally connected to them. When the levers 15 are in the vertical position, the free ends of the double armed levers 12 situated on one side of the reed frame strike against the upper edges of said levers 15 during the descent of the reed frame 3. Duringr the further descent of the reed frame, therefore, the pawls 1| are Withdrawn from the path of the picking plates 51 and simultaneous picking of During on the opposite side of the loom are in the outwardly rocked position, so that no release of the picking plate 51 can take place.

For the alternate rocking of the picking plate control members 15, 16, 11, 18, two tappet ringsy 19 are ilxed to the lay-shaft 21, said rings being offset relatively to one another and co-operating with two rocking levers 80. movements of the levers 89 are transmitted by pull members 8| through suitably arranged rollers to the picking plate control members 15, 16, 11, 18.

In order, despite its increased efficiency, to be able to provide the loom with a common hand,

foot or the like drive, the reed frame 3 is sus-l pended for example from eight equalising springs 82, the strength of which is such as to correspond substantially to the sum of the loads resulting from the weight of the reed frame 3 and the power of the picking plate tension springs 6| and of the other tension springs employed.

As shuttle catching device there is advantageously employed a lever 84 under the action of the spring 83 and pivoted to the picking plate 51. The lever 84 has a locking nose 85 adapted The alternating to engage behind an upwardly: projecting yoke 86 on the shuttle 9. The catch lever. 84 is fur'- thermore provided with a sloping slide surface 81 and its front end is guidedin a rail 88 secured to the shuttle box walls 56. The rail 88 however does not project into the path of the shuttle yoke 85. The shuttle propelled into the box 55 rebounds against the picking plate 51 provided with suitable coverings. It cannot beprojected out of the box again, however, under the action of the rebound, because the locking nose 85 has passed behind the yoke 85. Upon the release of the picking plate 51, the catch lever 84 moves with it inthe same direction, and its slidesurface 81 abutsA against the rail 88, whereby it is rocked automatically so that its nose 85 releases the shuttle 9.

According to Figure 8, a disc 89 embraced by an eccentric 90.is fast on the driving shaft |5. The eccentric90 is fixed to the reed frame 3 and is thus movedvertically up and down by the rotation of the shaft I5 or disc 89.

On both sides of the reed frame 3 are provided stationary, that is, non-oscillating, picking rails 9| for allthree or six shuttle boxes 55 (Figure 9). Springs 02 tend to press the continuous rails` 9| against the picking plates 51 of the shuttle boxes 55. A pull member 93 which passes over the rollers 90, 95 and is secured to a lever 90 brings the picking rails 9| into the respective tensioned position. In order to eifect the tene sioning and release of the continuous picking rails 9| on both sides, there are provided on both ends of a shaft 01 cams 98 which have their rises offset relatively to one another, sothat the levers 96 permanently co-operating with the cams 93 by means of the rollers99 are depressed alternately. The picking rails 9| are consequently retracted by meansof the pull members 93 and the springs 92 are tensioned. Upon each rotation of the cam 98, the roller 99 drops once behind the rise |00, the' springs 92. being released and the picking rails 9| striking against the plates 51 or shuttles 0. The rotation of the shaft 91 is transmitted from the driving shaft I5 by means of a spur wheel mechanism |0|, |02. If the. springs 5| are omitted .the plates 51 may serve as shock absorbers and may be provided with a leather covering or the like in known manner. Preferably, each reed or shuttle guiding rail |03 of the frame 3 is adapted to be turned on. hinges ||4`and xed iny position by push-in pins ||5 or the like.

Secured to the reed frame 3 are one or more pull members attached to a cross-bar |04. Pivotally connected to the bar |04 are arms |05 on which are mounted pawls |00. The arms are held in position by pull members |01 with equalising springs |08. atesl with a ratchet wheel |09. As is indicated in Figure 8, the movements of the ratchet wheels |09 are transmitted to the rollers I0, each of which is connected to the associated cloth roller Vl2 by a belt or chain I0. The movement of the Each pawl `|00 co-operments in the fonm of tension springs are provided in the pull members |06.

With the omission of the lay-shaft 21, the actuation of the harness frames or healds 1, 8 is effected according to Figure 8 for instance lby means of a card device ||2 known per se in the case of looms. l

In the constructional example of the invention according to Figures 8 and 9, the shuttle boxes 55 may also move up and down with the reed frame 3. The configuration of the common stationary picking mechanism 9|, 93, 96, 98, however, also permits of a station-ary arrangement of the shuttle boxes 55.

The invention provides a loom to be equipped if desired with hand or foot drive which, with substantially the same expenditure of power, renders possible a double, triple or multiple output as compared with the domestic looms known heretofore with only one web of cloth, and at the same time, the production of all the cloth webs can be supervised from all sides. Consequently, all the components are also readily accessible, for instance for eliminating stoppages. All the important actuating and control members are combined in a clear manner on a common lay-shaft. By the use of notched discs for the interchangeable fixing of the tappets for actuating the healds, the otherwise usual card control or any other complicated control device for producing the desired weave is dispensed with. Despite the simple construction of the loom, the adjustment of the clot-h take-up, the actuation of the healds and so forth may be varied as desired in accordance with the nature of the cloth to be manufactured. Due to the fact that not the cloth rollers -but the take-up rollers provided with a rough surface are driven and the cloth lrollers are pressed against these take-up rollers, it is possible to secure a constant take-urp roller drive despite the increasing cloth rol-ler diameter.

The invention according to the two constructional examples described elimina-tes all the disadvantages necessarily encountered heretoforeA in looms for producing a plurality of webs of cloth, as compared with those for one web of cloth. The `construction has been considerably simplied, a much less powerful drivebeing thereby necessary. Whereas, due to the counterwise cloth take-up in the case of looms having a plurality of vertical webs of cloth, warp threads are necessarily situated immediately one behind the other, in the case of the invention they are freely accessible from both sides. The actual weaving operation takes place in the same plane for all fabrics, and thereby supervision of the l-oom for thread breakage, weaving faults and so forth is considerably simplified. The movement of all the components can be supervised and their function is readily understood. The subject of the invention is therefore excellently adapted for use for instructional purposes.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Let-ters Patent is:

1In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, equalising springs on which the said reed frame is suspended, shuttle picking plates tensioned by the said reed frame upon its upward movement, and a connecting rod crank mechanism for producing the upward and downward movement of the said reed frame.

2. In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, equalising springs on which the said reed frame is suspended, shuttle picking plates tensioned by the said reed frame upon its upward movement, and an eccentric drive for producing the upward and downward movement of the said reed frame.

3. In a loo-1n of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, shuttle guides and reeds pivotally mounted on hinges on the said reed frame, a pull member acted upon by the said frame and a lever system to move the cloth rollers of the loom intermittently in the same direction, and a stationary picking mechanism for moving all of the shuttles of the loom.

4. In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, shuttle guides and reeds pivotally mounted on hinges on the said reed frame, a pull member acted upon by the said frame and a lever system to move the cloth rollers of the loom intermittently in the same direction, and picking plates mounted on the oscillating reed frame for moving all of the shuttles of the loom.

5. In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, shuttle guides and reeds pivotally mounted on hinges on the said reed frame, a pull member acted upon by the said fir-ame and a lever system to move the cloth rollers of the loom intermittently lin the saine direction, means foi` equalising the length of the said pull member, and a common picking mechanism for moving all of the shuttles of the loom.

6. In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed fr-ame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, shuttle boxes on 'the said reed frame, picking plates serving as closures for the said shuttle boxes, locking projections for the said picking plates, and a knee lever and bellcrank system for pressing the said picking plates against thev action of tension springs behind the said projections during the upward movement of the said reed frame.

7. In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely ac-cessible from both sides, equalising springs on which the said reed frame is suspended, shuttle boxes on the said reed frame, picking plates serving as closures for the said s-huttle boxes, locking projections for the said picking plates co-operating with picking plate tension springs, and a knee lever and bellcrank system for pressing the said picking plates against the action of the said tension springs behind the said projections during the upward movement of the said reed frame, the said equalising springs corresponding to the sum of the forces resulting from the weight of the said reed frame and the force of the said tension springs.

8. In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, shuttle boxes on the said reed frame, picking plates serving as closures for the said shuttle boxes, locking projections for the said picking plates, means for moving the said picking plates behind the said projections, tappets for effecting the forward movement of the cloth rollers of the loom, tappets for alternate retraction of the said picking plates and for actuating the healds of the loom, a lay-shaft bearing the said tappets, and a connecting-rod crank mechanism for intermittently rotating the said lay-shaft.

9. In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, shuttle boxes on the said reed frame, picking plates serving as closures for the said shuttle boxes, locking projections for the said picking plates, tappets for alternate retraction of the said picking plates and for actuating the healds of the loom, a lay-shaft bearing the said tappets, and notched discs mounted on the said lay-shaft for interchangeable attachment of the said tappets.

10. In a loom of the character described, a loom frame, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, cloth rollers on the said loom frame, take-up rollers on said loom frame bearing by spring action against the said cloth rollers, and a ratchet wheel and chain drive .actuating tne said take-up rollers in common.

11. In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, shuttle boxes on the said reed frame, picking plates serving as closures for the said shuttle boxes, an elevated yoke on each shuttle, and a resilient catch lever on each picking plate adapted .to engage with .the said yoke.

12. In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, shuttle boxes on the said reed frame, picking plates serving as closures for the said shuttle boxes, an elevated yoke on each shuttle, a resilient catch lever on each picking plate adapted to engage with the said yoke, and a rail fixed to each shuttle box, the said catch lever being guided by means of a sloping slide surface in the said rail.

13. In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, shuttle boxes, a stationary shuttle picking mechanism, means for driving the said reed frame in common with the cloth rollers of the loom, means on either side of the loom for driving the said picking plates common to all of the said shuttle boxes, and gear wheels coupling the said frame drive to the said picking plate drive.

14. In a loom of the character described, an upwardly and downwardly oscillating reed frame being supported in a state of balance and provided for warps situated one behind the other in vertical planes and freely accessible from both sides, shuttle picking plates tenzioned by the said reed frame upon its upward movement, and a connecting rod crank mechanism producing the upward and downward movement of the said reed frame.

15. A loom, comprising a loom frame, a plurality of warp beams and cloth take-up rollers mounted in pairs substantially vertically above one another upon said loom frame, the warps being situated one` behind the other in a plurality of vertical planes and freely accessible, a common reed frame through which said warps pass and means for reciprocating said reed frame in a vertical direction and supporting it in a state of balance.

ERLAF GROETSCHEL.

Images