US1416410A - Leno or cross-weaving loom - Google Patents

Description

F. 1. NORRIS.

LENO OR CROSS V VEAVING 1.00M. APPLICATION FILED-NOV. a, 1'92x. 1 41a Patented May 16,1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

F. J. NORRIS. LENO 0R CROSS WEAVING LOOM.

. APPLICATION man Nova). 1921.

"Emma Patented May 16, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

FREDERICK V'J. roams, errant nirvana, rnssaonnsnrrs, .ass enon TO nanrnn eo aimam-Ion, or rrornimtn, mn'ssAcnnsn'rtrs', VA cogar'onn rion or Marnie.

JLENO 7 0R C-ROSS-WEAVING Specification of Letters Patent, Pa tgntedyltia y Application'fil ed November 3, 1921. $erial -No. 512,605.

To all whom atoning-concern:

Be it known that I FREDERICK J. Norms, a citizen of the United States 'residing at Fall River, in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusettsyhave invented an Improvement in Leno or Cross-Weaving Looms, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representinglike parts.

The inventionto be hereinafter described relates toloorns and more particularly to leno or crosseaving looms wherein certain of the arp threads are .crossed back and forth relative to other Warp threads to produce the cross-Woven effect. I

In looms of this general character as heretofore constructed, the complicated nature of the mechanism employed and its man ner of operation introduced much uncertainty in the'loom action and necessitated the frequent stoppage of the loom to. correct faults incident to the character. of the mechanism employed. One of the objects ofthe present invention is to simplify,the cross- Weaving mechanism, and provide a loom of thetype indicated Which Will-be more efficient and reliable in operation and wherein the loom may be run continuously Without the frequent stoppage heretofore necessitated. i

The Warp threads Which are involved in the production of thezleno or cross-Weave are generally knoivn as the doup threads and the fground or fdead threa1d s';and these terms Will b8 used herein for convenience of identification.

In accordance Withthe rpresent invention, a simpleunit comprising the cross-Weave consists of .tWo 'doupthreads and aground thread anda descriptionof the invention in this connection willxserveto make more clear the construction and operation thereof but it is to be understood that each doup thread and each ground thread may comprise more than a. single thread in conformity .Withthe character of the cross-Weave effect desired. In some cases, also, the ;-cross- Weave effect in the finished l fabric extend throughoutv its entire wridth, while in other cases, it may be utilized in forming crossrweaveeffects in strips, more or less pronounced, and, of any desired extent.

In carrying; the invention into practical effect, eachof, the doup threads is controlled by .a separate ,idoup heddle and both doup threads pass through a V floating eye between the doupheddles and the lay. The ground thread is eontrolledby twogronnd heddles, oneofnwhich and one of the doup heddles operate as a pair, and the other of which and the otherndou p heddle ep'erate as .another pair in the formation of;the ,shed with the I ground thread. always the ;same shed plane. The doup and ground threads lead from a source oftsupply over a (guide toithe heddles and inthe formation ofthe shed one of thedoup heddles tensions its doup threadin advance of theother doup heddle -to carry the floating eye and both the doup threads first to one Isideand then to the other of the ground thread in successive shed forinatiqns.

In the dravvingsze Figure 1 is a perspectiveview of sufficient portions of .a loom :Wltlhtllfi presentinvention associated therewi Ito-make ,clear the construction and mode of operation oflthe invention 7 a Figure 2 is a partial diagrammatic View showing ,one 1 means for effecting-tension. on oneofthe doupthreads in ad zance of the other Has-the shed is formed; v

,Figure ;3 is a; plan view. a pieceof fabric oven With the leno ,or grosseave effect ;Figure; l isan enlarged perspective detail showing-the vrelation ofthe doupand gro n d threads Whenthey are in substantially ai position for thecommencement ofthe shed formation ;}and

Figure .5 .is a View similar tothatof F 4, With theshed formed and showing both doup threads at. oneside-of the ground.

thread.

, ,In ,theillustrated form of ,the invention as indicated in Fig. L the-loom is equipped for eaving a fabrichaying-portionsonly thereof formed of cross-weava whil'e thejntermediate portions mayabe oyen either in plain or any desiredfigure effect.

-Hav ing reference snore particularly to 1 'theloom frame 1 may :he ofusual construction and provided with bearings 2 for: thesupport of a warp beam-fion iv thich, the

main or body Warp threads at maybe tw n nd. v

there a'portion ofthe fabric is to be formed of plain or figured effect, from the ,body Warp threads ,d, the latterpassfrOm-the beam :3, over the usual hip-roll 4 over and inde tthe reta iat rod 35 et -.,t b

forming heddles 6, of which there are four in the illustrated form of the invention, but which may be varied to suit the character of figure effect desired in the body of the fabric. The heddles 6 may be operated to form the shed of the body fabric by any of the usual mechanisms now generally employed for this purpose, such for instance, as the usual dobby or cam mechanism; and as such construction and manner of operation of the body-forming heddles are old and well known, it will not be necessary to enter into a detailed description thereof. From the heddles 6 the body warp threads (Z pass through the reed 7 carried by the lay 8, as usual.

A unit of the leno or prises three threads, one ground thread a and two doup threads I), 0, which may be supplied from a source of supply such, for instance, as the overhead beam 9, Fig. 1. The beam 9 which carries the supply of the doup and ground threads in the present instance, is supported by bearings 10 extending from uprights 11 rising from the loom frame, The beam 9 has one or both its heads grooved as at 12, for the reception of a brake-band 13 which may be tensioned by means of a spring 1% interposed in the length of the band. The brake-band 18 constitutes one type of a friction let-off for the beam 9, and in the present instance is connected to a cross-frame 15 extending transversely of the loom. The frame 15 in the present instance consists of one of the loom arches which offers a convenient means for supplying a friction brake to the overhead beam 9.

From the beam 9 the doup and ground threads pass over a guide 16 extending trans versely of the loom and supported by the brackets or arms 17 at each end. The guide 16 is fixed or immovable and constitutes a directing means from the overhead beam 9 for the doup and ground threads.

Each of the doup threads 6 and c is controlled by a separate heddle with eyes through which the doup threads pass, and

the ground thread a is controlled by the two ground heddles, one operating with one of the doup heddles andthe other operating with the other doup heddle. d

The heddle frames 18 and 19, which in the present instance of the invention control both the doup threads and ground thread, carry the heddles '20 and 21 respectively, each of which is provided with an eye 22 through which is passed one of the doup threads.

Mounted adjacent eachof the doup, heddles 20 and 21 is aground heddle 23. each having] an elongated loop 2 1through both of which passes the ground thread a, the construction.

being such that upon the formation of a shed, one of the doup threads is raised and.

the other lowered, and the ground thread, in

the present instance, accompanies the up going doup thread. Of course if the ground thread were passed through the lower loop of the ground heddles, the ground thread would accompany the downgoing doup thread. The two doup threads Z) and 0 pass through a floating eye 26 between the reed 7 and the heddles, the result being that in the formation of the shed both the doup threads are carried to the same shed plane while the ground thread is carried to the opposite shed plane.

The heddles l8 and 19 are normally under the influence of springs 31, and are connected to the shed-forming mechanism by usual flexible connections or straps 27 which pass over the usual guide rolls 28 carried by the loom arch, and thence to the shedding mechanism. Tn the invention as shown, the shedding mechanism is in the form of a (lobby comprising the arms 29 and 30 to which the connections 27' are secured. Since the dobby or other form of shedding mecha nism is of the usual and well-known con struction, only so much of the shedding mechanism is shown as is necessary to indicate the shed-forming operation. r

The present invention contemplates that the crossing of the threads shall be effected through the operation of the heddlesand without interposition or inclusion of special mechanism. To this end one of the doup heddles and its associated ground heddle may be started in advance of the other doup heddle and its associated ground heddlein order that tension may first be placed upon one doup thread to cause both to pass to the same side of the ground thread; or the shed may be started from a position above or below the horizontal plane passing through the guide 16 to the fell of the cloth. In the present instance the change of shed is shown as being started from a plane below the horizontal plane between the guide 16 and the fell of the cloth, as in Fig. 2, so that upon the formation of the shed, the downgoing doup thread is first tensioned while the other doup thread is slack or slackened by the upgoing heddle, the effect being that the downgoing doup thread pulls the floating eye 26 and with it the other doup thread, to its side of the ground thread as indicated in Fig. 5. Similarly, in theformation of the next shed, the downgoing doup thread will. be tensioned while the other doup'thread is slack or slackened, with the result that the floating eye 26 and the other doup thread will. be pulledto the opposite side of the ground thread; and since all three threads (1 7), and 0 pass through the same dent of the reed, the successive sheds will be formed with the ground '3 thread raised, in the present instance, and the doup threads lowered first to one and then to the oppositeside ofth'e ground thread, the-re by crossing the doup threads relative to the ground thread and producing with the binding weft or filling thread 6, Fig. 3, the leno or cross-weave effect.

The threads a, Z), c, constituting the leno or cross-weaving threads, may be passed from the fixed guide bar 16 iii-outwardly over and under the usual lease rods 5, and then to their respective heddles as above indicated.

In the construction shown, the doup threads Z) and c are passed alternately over the ground thread a in forming the shed, and the ground thread (4 always is found in the sameshed plane which is the upper plane in the present instance of the invention. The same effect, however, would be produced it the doup threads Z) and 0 were alternately passed under the ground thread a to one side or the other thereof, in which case the ground thread a would always be in the lower shed and the doup threads I) and c always in the upper shed. Thus, from the construction described it will be noted that without the employment of easing bars or special tensioning devices for alternately giving up and taking back slack on the doup or ground threads, the present invention provides a simple, effective and reliable means for the production of leno or cross weave effect by the simple operation of one of the doup heddles and one of the ground heddles as a pair, and the other doup heddle and the other ground heddle as another pair, and the tensioning of one of the doup threads in advance of the other in the formation of a shed.

lVhat is claimed is 1. In a cross-weaving loom, the combination of two doup heddles each having an eye for a doup thread, two ground heddles each controlling a single ground thread, a floating eye through which both doup threads pass, and means for operating one of the doup heddles and one of the ground heddles as a pair and the other doup heddle and other ground heddle as another pair to form the shed with the ground thread successively placed in the same shed plane and for crossing the floating eye and both doup threads first to one and then the other side of the ground thread.

2. In a cross-weaving loom, the combination of two heddle frames, each having a doup heddle provided with an eye for a doup thread, a ground heddle carried by each of the heddle frames and provided with an elongated loop through both of which passes the same ground thread, a floating eye through which both of the doup threads pass, and means for operating the heddle frames to form the shed with the ground thread always in the same shed plane and to cause the floating eye and both doup threads to cross the ground thread.

3. In a cross-weaving loom, the combination of two doup heddleseach having an eye for a doup thread, a floating doup eye through which the two doup threads pass, aground heddle operating with each of the doup heddles and each having a loop for a single ground thread, and means for operating a doup'heddle and ground heddle in pairs to form the shed and tension one of the doup threads in advance of the other to cause the floating doup eye and both doup threads to cross the ground thread.

4'. In a cross weaving loom, the combination of two doupheddles each having an eye for a doup thread, a floating doup eye through which both doup threads pass, two ground heddles each having an elongated loop through both of which a ground thread passes, and means for operating a doup heddie and one of the ground heddles in pairs to form the shed with the ground thread always in the same shed plane and to cause the floating doup eye and both doup threads to cross the ground thread.

5. In a cross-weaving loom, the combination oftwo doup heddles each having an eye for a doup thread, two ground heddles each controlling a single ground thread, a floating eye through which both doup threads pass, fixed guiding means for guiding the doup and ground threads to the heddles from a source of supply, and means for operating one of the doup heddles and one of the ground heddles as a pair and the other doup heddle and other ground heddle as another pair to form the shed with the ground thread successively placed in the same shed plane and for crossing the floating eye and both doup threads first to one and then the other side of the ground thread.

6. In a cross-weaving loom, the combination of two doup heddles each having an eye for controlling a doup thread, a floating eye through which both the doup threads pass, two ground heddles each having a loop for controlling a single ground thread, a guide for guiding the two doup and single ground threads from a source of supply to the heddles, means for operating. one of the doup heddles and one of the ground heddles as a pair and the other doup heddle and ground heddle as another pair to form the shed from a position at one side of the horizontal plane between the guide and fell of the cloth that one of the doup threads may be tensioned in advance of the other and cause the floating eye and both doup threads to cross the ground thread.

7. In a loorn of the character described, the combination of two heddles each having an eye for controlling a doup thread, two ground heddles, one adjacent each of the doup heddles and both controlling a single ground thread, a floating eye through which both of the doup threads pass, means for guiding the doup threads and ground thread from a source of supply to the heddles, and means for operating one of the doup heddles and one of the ground heddles as a pair and the other doup heddle and other ground heddle as another pair in the formation of the shed with the ground. thread always in the same shed plane and for tensioning one doup thread in advance of the other to cross the floating eye and both doupthreads relative to the ground thread. i

8. In a loom of the character described, the combination of two heddle frames each having a doup heddle provided with an eye for controlling a doup thread two ground heddles, one carried by each of the heddle frames adjacent the doup heddle of that frame and both controlling a single ground thread, a floating eye through which both doup threads pass, a fixed guide for guiding the doup threads and ground thread from a source of supply to the heddles, and means for operating the heddle frames to form the shed and cause one of the doup threads to pull the floating eye and the other doup threads across the ground thread.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

FREDERICK J. NORRIS.

Images