US2224245A - Protection of magnesium-rich alloys - Google Patents
Protection of magnesium-rich alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2224245A US2224245A US255165A US25516539A US2224245A US 2224245 A US2224245 A US 2224245A US 255165 A US255165 A US 255165A US 25516539 A US25516539 A US 25516539A US 2224245 A US2224245 A US 2224245A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- magnesium
- rich alloys
- protection
- articles
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DOIXGGGORNAJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-M [NH4+].[Ni+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [NH4+].[Ni+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DOIXGGGORNAJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/24—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing hexavalent chromium compounds
- C23C22/30—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing hexavalent chromium compounds containing also trivalent chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/24—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing hexavalent chromium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/24—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing hexavalent chromium compounds
- C23C22/26—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing hexavalent chromium compounds containing also organic compounds
- C23C22/27—Acids
Definitions
- This invention relates to the protection against corrosion and erosion of articles composed of or including portions composed of magnesium rich alloys.
- magnesium rich alloys have heretofore been considerably restricted owing to their low resistance to corrosion by sea water and other causes and to erosion, the resistance varying inversely with the magnesium content and being least in magnesimn base alloys in which magnesium predominates, and the present invention has for its object to remove this disadvantage.
- the process for the treatment of articles composed of, or including portions composed of, magnesium rich alloys consists in immersing the article or the relevant portion thereof in a heated aqueous solution "of alkali dichromate and nickel sulphate, chromium sulphate or nickel ammonium sulphate to which has been added an organic acidifying.
- the treated castings Another aspect of the present invention, consists in the preliminary treatment of stampings, sand castings or dirty articles including or com posed of magnesium rich alloys with a view to ensuring a satisfactory deposit on immersion.
- This pretreatment is effected in a bath, preferably cold, consisting of 5-20% chromic acid and 240% nitric acid in water, which is found effectively to remove partly carbonized grease and embedded dirt in stampings and the like in ten minutes and when followed by a quick sulphuric acid dip, gives perfectly bright articles.
- a bath preferably cold, consisting of 5-20% chromic acid and 240% nitric acid in water, which is found effectively to remove partly carbonized grease and embedded dirt in stampings and the like in ten minutes and when followed by a quick sulphuric acid dip, gives perfectly bright articles.
- the preferred composition is 8% chromic acid and 5% nitric acid. It is noteworthy that the action of this chromic/nitric acid bath is quite gentle and much less vigorous than that of either of the component acids separately.
- a process for the treatment of articles composed of magnesium rich alloys consisting in im mersing the article in an aqueous solution of alkali dichromate and metallic sulphate to which has been added an organic acidifying agent main. taining such aqueous solution at a pH value between 2.0 and 6.4.
- a process for the treatment of articles composed of magnesium rich, alloys consisting in immersing the article in a heated aqueous solution of alkali dichromate and metallic sulphate to which aqueous solution has been added an organic acidifying agent rendering and maintaining it at a pI-l value between 3.4 and 4.3.
- a process for the treatment of articles composed of magnesium rich alloys consisting in immersing the article in a heated aqueous solution oi alkali dichromate and metallic sulphate, to which has been added an organic acidifying agent, the pH value of such aqueous solution and of the organic addition being each adjusted to 3.8.
- a process according to claim 2 wherein the organic acidifying addition consists of acetic acid and ammonium acetate.
- a process according to claim 2 when applied to stampings, sand castings and dirty articles including the preliminary step of immersing the articles in a bath consisting of 8% chromic acid and 5% nitric acid in water, whereby grease and embedded dirt is removed.
- a process according to claim 2 when applied to stampings, sand castings and dirty articles including the preliminary stepof immersing the articles in a bath consisting of 8% chromic acid and 5% nitric acid in water, whereby grease and embedded dirt is removed, such pretreatment including a quick sulphuric acid dip.
Description
Patented Dec. 10, 1940 PATENT OFFICE 2,224,245 PROTECTION or MAGNE SIUM-RICH ALLOYS Frank Arthur Allen, Windsor, England, assignor to High Duty Alloys limited, Slough, England No Drawing. Application February 7, 1939, Se-
rial No. 255,165.
9 Claims.
This invention relates to the protection against corrosion and erosion of articles composed of or including portions composed of magnesium rich alloys.
The employment of magnesium rich alloys has heretofore been considerably restricted owing to their low resistance to corrosion by sea water and other causes and to erosion, the resistance varying inversely with the magnesium content and being least in magnesimn base alloys in which magnesium predominates, and the present invention has for its object to remove this disadvantage.
In accordance with the present invention, the process for the treatment of articles composed of, or including portions composed of, magnesium rich alloys consists in immersing the article or the relevant portion thereof in a heated aqueous solution "of alkali dichromate and nickel sulphate, chromium sulphate or nickel ammonium sulphate to which has been added an organic acidifying.
agent producing in such aqueous solution or maintaining it at a pH value between 2.0 and 6.4
w and which value is advantageously not less than solution is adjusted to 3.8 as is that of the organic acidifying addition which may conveniently be made up of acetic acid and sodium or ammonium acetate.
In the practice of the invention according to one mode of carrying out the process, 50 gallons of solution is made up of the following composition:
1.5% Chromium sulphate lbs 7 3.0% Potassium dichromate lbs 15 0.625% Acetic acid pints 2 0.8% Sodium acetate lbs.. 4 Water to make '50 gallons.
Die castings acid dipped in 5% sulphuric acid and immersed in this solution. at boiling point chromate perfectly, without difficulty, in 20 minutes, there being no necessity for any acid addition and the reaction being gentle with the t In Great Britain September semblance that the deposit darkens from dark brown to black on drying. The treated castings Another aspect of the present invention, consists in the preliminary treatment of stampings, sand castings or dirty articles including or com posed of magnesium rich alloys with a view to ensuring a satisfactory deposit on immersion.
This pretreatment is effected in a bath, preferably cold, consisting of 5-20% chromic acid and 240% nitric acid in water, which is found effectively to remove partly carbonized grease and embedded dirt in stampings and the like in ten minutes and when followed by a quick sulphuric acid dip, gives perfectly bright articles. The preferred composition is 8% chromic acid and 5% nitric acid. It is noteworthy that the action of this chromic/nitric acid bath is quite gentle and much less vigorous than that of either of the component acids separately.
By the present invention improved processes for the protection of articles composed of, or including portions composed of, magnesium rich alloys are obtained.
What I claim is:
1. A process for the treatment of articles composed of magnesium rich alloys consisting in im mersing the article in an aqueous solution of alkali dichromate and metallic sulphate to which has been added an organic acidifying agent main. taining such aqueous solution at a pH value between 2.0 and 6.4.
2. A process for the treatment of articles composed of magnesium rich, alloys consisting in immersing the article in a heated aqueous solution of alkali dichromate and metallic sulphate to which aqueous solution has been added an organic acidifying agent rendering and maintaining it at a pI-l value between 3.4 and 4.3.
3. A process according to claim 2, wherein the acidifying agents consist of organic acids and salts which only slightly ionise in solution and therefore successively liberate further ions as the process continues.
4. A process for the treatment of articles composed of magnesium rich alloys consisting in immersing the article in a heated aqueous solution oi alkali dichromate and metallic sulphate, to which has been added an organic acidifying agent, the pH value of such aqueous solution and of the organic addition being each adjusted to 3.8.
5. A process according to claim 2 wherein the acidifying addition consists of acetic acid and sodium acetate.
6. A process according to claim 2 wherein the organic acidifying addition consists of acetic acid and ammonium acetate.
7. A process according to claim 2 wherein the aqueous solution contains the following ingredients per 50 gallons:
1.5% Chromium sulphate lbs 7 /2 3.0% Potassium dichromate ..1bs 15 0.625% Acetic acid "pints-.." 2
0.8% Sodium acetate lbs 4 8. A process according to claim 2 when applied to stampings, sand castings and dirty articles including the preliminary step of immersing the articles in a bath consisting of 8% chromic acid and 5% nitric acid in water, whereby grease and embedded dirt is removed.
9. A process according to claim 2 when applied to stampings, sand castings and dirty articles including the preliminary stepof immersing the articles in a bath consisting of 8% chromic acid and 5% nitric acid in water, whereby grease and embedded dirt is removed, such pretreatment including a quick sulphuric acid dip.
FRANK ARTHUR ALLEN.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB10354/37A GB482689A (en) | 1937-04-12 | 1937-04-12 | Improvements in and relating to the protection of magnesium rich alloys |
| GB848117X | 1938-09-13 | ||
| GB26684/38A GB510487A (en) | 1937-04-12 | 1938-09-13 | Improvements in and relating to the protection of magnesium rich alloys |
| GB2224245X | 1938-09-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2224245A true US2224245A (en) | 1940-12-10 |
Family
ID=61187025
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US255165A Expired - Lifetime US2224245A (en) | 1937-04-12 | 1939-02-07 | Protection of magnesium-rich alloys |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2224245A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE435038A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR848117A (en) |
| GB (2) | GB482689A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2459365A (en) * | 1942-04-03 | 1949-01-18 | Permanente Metals Corp | Electrolytic protective surface treatment of magnesium base alloys |
| US2472592A (en) * | 1945-01-09 | 1949-06-07 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Inorganic insulating coating for electrical steel sheet and strip |
| US2480448A (en) * | 1943-04-28 | 1949-08-30 | Permanente Metals Corp | Protective surface treatment of magnesium base alloys |
| US2483510A (en) * | 1945-04-14 | 1949-10-04 | United Chromium Inc | Composition for dip coating solution and dip process for coloring zinc |
| US2628925A (en) * | 1947-06-24 | 1953-02-17 | Rheem Mfg Co | Bright corrosion resistant coating of metals |
| US3298876A (en) * | 1963-09-09 | 1967-01-17 | R O Hull & Company Inc | Process and composition for forming clear protective coatings on cadmium metal surfaces |
| WO1999014398A1 (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 1999-03-25 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | CHROMATE TREATMENT OR POSTPASSIVATION WITH STABILISED SOLUTIONS BASED ON Cr (III)/(VI) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE740325C (en) * | 1939-07-06 | 1943-11-30 | Deutsches Reich Vertreten Durc | Acid-free bath for the production of anti-corrosion coatings on magnesium alloys |
-
1937
- 1937-04-12 GB GB10354/37A patent/GB482689A/en not_active Expired
-
1938
- 1938-09-13 GB GB26684/38A patent/GB510487A/en not_active Expired
- 1938-12-28 FR FR848117D patent/FR848117A/en not_active Expired
-
1939
- 1939-02-07 US US255165A patent/US2224245A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1939-06-22 BE BE435038D patent/BE435038A/en unknown
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2459365A (en) * | 1942-04-03 | 1949-01-18 | Permanente Metals Corp | Electrolytic protective surface treatment of magnesium base alloys |
| US2480448A (en) * | 1943-04-28 | 1949-08-30 | Permanente Metals Corp | Protective surface treatment of magnesium base alloys |
| US2472592A (en) * | 1945-01-09 | 1949-06-07 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Inorganic insulating coating for electrical steel sheet and strip |
| US2483510A (en) * | 1945-04-14 | 1949-10-04 | United Chromium Inc | Composition for dip coating solution and dip process for coloring zinc |
| US2628925A (en) * | 1947-06-24 | 1953-02-17 | Rheem Mfg Co | Bright corrosion resistant coating of metals |
| US3298876A (en) * | 1963-09-09 | 1967-01-17 | R O Hull & Company Inc | Process and composition for forming clear protective coatings on cadmium metal surfaces |
| WO1999014398A1 (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 1999-03-25 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | CHROMATE TREATMENT OR POSTPASSIVATION WITH STABILISED SOLUTIONS BASED ON Cr (III)/(VI) |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB510487A (en) | 1939-08-02 |
| FR848117A (en) | 1939-10-24 |
| BE435038A (en) | 1939-07-08 |
| GB482689A (en) | 1938-04-04 |
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