US2206583A - Typewriting machine - Google Patents

Description

y J. A. B, SMITH TYPEWRITING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept; 14, 1937 July 2, 1940. J. A. B. SMITH TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Sept. 14, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 y 2, 1940- J. A. B. SMITH TYPEWHITING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Sept. 14, 1937 ii a Q ATTORNEY July 2, 1940. J. A. B. SMITH TYEEWRITING MACHINE Filed Sept. 14, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTORZ XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX X XXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX XX XXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XX XXXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX XX XXXX Patented July 2,1940

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Underwood Elliott Fisher Company, New York,

N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application September 14, 1937, Serial No. 163,738

21 Claims.

This invention relates to typewriting machines and more particularly to linejustifying means therefor.

It is an object of this invention to provide a simple, inexpensive and reliably operative justifying-device for typewriting machines which may be quickly and easily regulated to the desired setting. Other objects will be apparent as the description of the invention proceeds.

The invention as shown in the accompanying drawings and as hereinafter described comprises means by which the work-sheet is adapted to be advanced during retyping of a line coactively with the actuation of a spacer-mechanism or independently thereof so that each line of type is modified or lengthened, preferably by distance increase at the word-spaces of the line, whereby each line will terminate at a unform column-line to define an even marginal area on the worksheet, thus simulating the appearance of a printed page. Work-sheet-holding means are provided which include endwise movable members or sprockets for maintaining alignment of the work-sheet by positively engaging portions of same and means are provided, in association with the mentioned members, by which the work-sheet may be moved to the left in wordspacing to thus increase the normal space occasioned by the manipulation of the carriage escapement. To enable the operator to quickly and accurately determine the line-length .deficiency of any line in the original copy, such copy is made on a special form sheet, as will hereinafter appear.

A feature of the inventionis that it permits optional use of the justifying means at the will of the operator, so that a typewriting machine thus equipped, may be used to produce typing of the usual kind when rapid work is required, or may instantly employ the justifying-device when work of a particular character is desired. The typewriting machine of the invention affords other advantages in operation by providing means for the joint operation of the usual spacer-mechanism with the justifying-device at the option of the operator, so that, as the machine is operated by the conventional spacebar to produce a letter-space, such space is automatically expanded a predetermined amount to effect the required extension of the typed line in justifying same.

A further feature of the invention in its present embodiments resides in itsv easy adaptability to standard machines, the changes necessary for such adaptation being confined substantially to thetsplaten-carriage and immediately related Par The process of producing a justified type-sheet may include retyping from a copy sheet having a series of parallel lines disposed in a vertical 6 column embracing the field of normally found line-ends, which column-lines are predeterminately related to the setting means for the shiftable sheet-holder. By means of such copy sheet the operator may instantly determine the 10 number of letter-spaces by which a typed line should be elongated to terminate at a particular margin. In retyping for justifying, the operator may quickly set the mechanism ofthe present invention for any line by adjusting an indicator-I in accordance with 'a reading from the copy sheet, which in turn, sets a regulator of the feed or shift-mechanism for the sheet-holder so that a predetermined amount of feed or shift may be caused to cumulate with each letter-space be- 90 tween words in any given line.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a perspective view of one. embodi- 25 ment of the invention,- certain of the parts being broken away, illustrating the work-holder and carriage organization and associated justi-' tying-mechanism at initial position.

Figure 2 is a sectional View through the typewriting machine, embodying the justifyingmechanism shown in Figure 1, taken on the front and back plane just outside the workholder shifting-mechanism.

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 but showing the work-holder shifting-mechanism in modified form.

Figure 4 is an enlarged front elevation of the work-holder and carriage organization at the completion of justifying a type-line and showing a work-sheet in position, portions of the apparatus being shown in section.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary perspective view similar to Figure 1, but showing the justifyingmechanism in position as may occur at an 'intermediate stage of retyping a line in justifying.

Figure 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the plane 6-6 of Figure 4 and illustrating the operation of releasing the work-holder shiftrestoring spring.

Figure 7 is a detailed plan view of the indicator scale and associated feed-regulating lever.

Figure 8 is 'an elevation of the preliminary work-sheet, including spacing indicia and typed in the usual typing, preparatory to retyping for line-justifying, and

Figure 9 is an elevation of the finish worksheet, the type-lines being similar to that shown in Figure 8, but retyped for line justifying.

In the physical embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, the line-justifying mechanism is incorporated in the standard Underwood typewriter machine. A carriage I0 is mounted on a typewriter frame II for lateral letter-feed movement relative thereto, the carriage being guided on a rod |2 at the rear portion and a channel-track l3 at the forward portion. The carriage I0 is urged to shift to the left in the usual manner as by a spring bank l4, this movement being controlled by a letter-feed escapement-mechanism 5, Figure 2.

The carriage l0 carries a gear-rack IS in mesh with a pinion having an escapement-wheel l6 rotatable therewith in one direction by a springpressed pawl I1 Figure 4, the latter permitting return of the carriage independently of the escapement-meohanism IS. A rockable member l9 may oscillate about a pivot 20 to move a stopdog 2| and a pawl 22 on the member I9 alternately into engagement with the teeth of the escapement-wheel l6 to permit intermittent letterfeed movement of the carriage loin the wellknown manner. As is usual in the standard Underwood machine, the letter-feed or carriagefeed escapement l5 may be actuated either by type-bars 23 engaging a universal bar, not shown, as for letter-spacing during typing, or by a space-bar or key 24, as in word-spacing. The mentioned universal bar, not shown, is operably connected to a slide-plate 25 having arms 26 extending therefrom, flexibly joined at 21 to crank-arms 23 aflixed to a shaft 23, the slide-plate 25 during type-bar swinging, engaging the rockable member I! to actuate the escapement-mechanism I5. In word-spacing, the space-bar 24 carried on a spacer-lever 30, is depressed so that lever 30 actuates a forked arm 3| secured to the shaft 29 to move the slideplate 25 by the crank-arms 26 into engagement with the rockable member l9. The forked arm 3| may be operably connected to a ribbon-feed device, not shown.

The apparatus thus far described, embodies the usual letter-feed and word-spacing mechanism which, during typing, operates to advance the carriage intermittently at a constantly uniform distance for each letter-feed or word-space, thereby producing a typed sheet on which the individual lines terminate at varying distances from the right-hand margin, thus defining a jagged edge. The invention provides novel mechanism cooperating between the carriage and work-sheet holding means by which each line of type is extended to a uniform margin, preferably by expanding each w rd-space a predetermined increment, so that each line will terminate evenly at a desired column-line. The invention is carried outby providing means for intermittently advancing work-sheet holding means relative to the carriage, including feed-mechanism operative by a justifying space-bar, preferably at each word-space and operable at a predetermined adjustable rate. The rate of advancement may be varied in accordance with the number of letterspaces by which a given typed line is to be lengthened and the number of word-spaces in such line so as to distribute the length-increase evenly over the entire line. The work-sheet holding means is thus normally letter-fed uniformly relatively to the printing elements or type-bars 23, but is also adapted to be moved relatively to both the printing elements and the platen for effecting a change in the line length.

A shaft 35 is journaled against axial movement in the carriage l0, being manually rotated as by a knob 36 or line-space lever 31 provided for intermittent uniform rotation of the shaft 35- in line-spacing, the lever 31 being pivoted at 36 to engage a plunger 39 operably associated by a pawl 40, Figure 4, to rotate a ratchet-wheel 4| on the shaft 35. The shaft 35 carries a platen 43 having end-plates 44 aflixed as by set screws 45 thereto. A pair of sprockets 46, 41, constituting a pin-type line-space feeding device and embodying the mentioned means for holding a worksheet against lateral displacement and, or misalignment, are disposed in axial alignment at each end of the platen 43, the respective sprockets being amply spaced to permit adequate movement to or from the platen 43 during line-justifying. The sprockets 46, 41 are connected by a series of tie-rods 48 which pass through the platen 43, making sliding connection with the end-plates 44 thereof. The tie-rods 48 cause the respective sprockets 46, 41 to move axially in unison independently of the platen 43 and assure axial alignment of the sprockets and platen, as well as rotation of these elements in unison, as in line-spacing of the work-sheet.

The shaft 35 carries a sleeve 66 rotatably free thereon and secured against endwise movement by suitable means. The sleeve 50 has formed on its periphery a thread 5| on which is fitted a threaded collar 52. The collar 52 is associated with the sprockets 46, 41, preferably with the left sprocket 46, in such manner as to impart axial movement to the sprockets although being free to rotate independently thereof. The collar 52 has series of rollers 53 rotatably mounted by studs 54 thereon and abutting the sprocket 46 on each side by which the collar and sprocket move axially in unison.

As shown more clearly in Figure 4, the sprockets 46, 41 are each provided with a series of teeth 55 or other suitable means to prevent lateral shifting of a work-sheeet 56 thereon, the latter having series of perforations 51 at marginal portions into which the teeth 55 engage. A rest-plate 58 is mounted on the carriage Ill, being inclined at, the rear of the platen, and extends partly around same to ficiltate placement of a work-sheet into the machine and hold same onto the sprockets. It is preferred that the sprockets 46, 41 substantially,support the work-- sheet 56, the platen 43 being of such diameter,

relative to the sprockets, as to permit lateral sliding of the work-sheet thereon, although affording adequate backing for same across the typing area.

The collar 52 is prevented from rotating with the sleeve 56 by a keeper-arm 60 fixed to a rod 6| of the carriage III, the keeper-arm 60 having a tongue 62 slidably disposed in a groove 63 of the collar 52. The rod 6| also serves to anchore a restoring spring 64 at one end which has a series of turns around the sleeve 56 and fixed thereto at its inner end. The restoring spring 64 is progressively tensioned or wound up as the sleve 56 rotates during line-justifying, so that upon completion of a typed line, by operation of a suitable release, the spring 64 will reversely rotate the sleeve 50 to restore the collar 52 and associated sprockets 46, 41 to initial position preliminary to typing the succeeding line. The sleeve 56 carries pins or other suitable abutments to limit endwise movement/of the collar 52 thereon, the latter having shoulders 66 against which the respective pins 65 may engage during rotation of sleeve 58. Springs 59 press between the platen 43 and sprocket 41 so as to take up any backlash in the fit of collar 52 on the threads 5|.

From the foregoing it will be seen, that by rotation of the threaded sleeve 58 at desired intervals in typing a line, such as at the word-spaces, the work-sheet supporting sprockets 46, 4,] will be caused to shift axially to laterally move the work-sheet 58 so as to vary the spaces in the typed line to adequately lengthen same to terminate at a predetermined margin. The distance from any previous letter-feeding step position may be altered at will. The means for rotating the sleeve 58 at a predeterminable selective degree in line-justifying embodies a feed-mechanism I8 which comprises a ratchet-wheel II secured thereto and engageableby a spring-backed pawl I2 carrier on an oscillatory arm I3, the latter being swingable about the shaft 35. Arm I3 is operably joined by a link I4 to a manuallyactuated leverage system I5, to be later described,

the same terminating in a justifying space-bar or key. 61, preferably at the keyboard of the machine adjacent the usual space-bar 24. The stroke of pawl 72 is limited by engaging an abutment 68 which wedges the pawl to press into ratchet-wheel II to prevent overthrow of the feed-mechanism "I8.

The pawl 12, being reciprocated by movement of the link I4 through the arm I3, has relectively adjustable means by which the efiective throw of same may be varied in accordance with certain conditions of the work, to be later defined. Pawl I2 has a pin I6 projecting therefrom to engage the periphery of a cam 71, rotatable about tion of the cam 11 is arcuately formed concentric with its center of rotation so that the pin I6 traveling thereon, holds the pawl I2 free of v the ratchet-wheel II for a part of its stroke. The arcuate portion of cam II converges into a radially inclined portion 8| from the point 82 down which incline pin I6 travels to allow the pawl I2 to engage a tooth of the ratchet-wheel II. As afore-indicated, the. angular position of cam 17 is adjustable by positioning the arm I8 along the scale 88 so that the point 82 at which the incline begins may be disposed at any point in the arc of travel of the pawl I2, selective on the scale 88 and secured by the detent I9 engaging the notches therein. Thus, the feed-mechanism I8 may be set so that pawl 12 is allowed to engage the ratchet-wheel II to rotate same a measured distance equivalent to l, 2 or more teeth thereof as required although pawl 12 moves a uniform stroke at each operation. During re- Figure 5, carried on a release-lever 85 pivoted at 86 on the carriage I8 and having a releasekey 81 at its end. Release-lever 85 bears a cam 88 engageable by a pin 89 of the line-space plunger 39, whereby the lock-pawl 84 may be released from;th e ratchet-wheel II, Figure 6, coactively with operation of the line-space lever 31, to effect the restoring of the justifying-mechanism to initial position at the completion of each type-line, or the justifying-mechanism may be independently released by pressing release-key structurewhich-comprises arms 9I at each end,

fulcrumed at 92 on the carriage I8 and fixedly connected at the fulcrum points by a torquerod 93 and at the free ends of arms 9| by a sliderod 94, the link I4 being connected to one of the arms 9| at 95. The rockable frame 98 is provided with return-springs 98 anchored on the carriage I8 by which the arm 13 carrying pawl I2 is retracted.

The justifying space-bar 61, see Figures 1 and 2, is carried on a justifying lever 91 fulcrumed at 98 on the machine and operatively joined by a pin-and-slot connection 99 to a sub-lever I88 fulcrumed at I 8|, the sub-lever being articulated at I82 to an end of a pull-link I83 having an open slot I84 at its upper end straddling the slide-bar 94 but normally free of same. Although the pull-link I83 functions mainly as a drawbar, it is desirable that same be operably. mounted on the machine so that its upper-end engaging the rockable frame 98, is maintained laterally stationary, the open slot I84 being preferred to facilitate removal of the carriage assembly from the machine. It is also desired that the slot I84 therein have a substantially constant relation with the slide-rod 94 without any appreciable backward swinging, to assure smooth action. To function in this manner pull-link I83 has a guide slot I85 which rides on a stud I85 mounted on a fixedmember of the machine such as the tubu-' lator-frame' I81, the guide-slot I85 being so directed with reference to the arc of travel of point I82, that the open slot I84 describes a path co-' inciding with the swing of slide-rod 94 in its oscillation on the fulcrum 92. Thus, it will be seen that the carriage I8 may be moved across the machine in letter-feed or word-spacing, the sliderod 94 being substantiallyfree of the slot I 84 with the leverage-system I5 inactive, although the latter may be actuated at any point in the carriage movement to cause the feed-mechanism I8 to function in line-justifying.

To indicate the progress of the line-justifying process, a dial I88, preferably calibrated in letter-spaces, is provided, the same being mounted on the carriage I8. A pointer I 89 is carried on the collar 52 to move laterally therewith along the dial I88. By observing the position of pointer I89 on the dial I88 as the work progresses, the operator may check" the functioning of the justifying-mechanism and may additionally actuate same in typing a line to amply modify the line length in justifying.

When it is desired to justify a type-line by expanding same at the letter-spaces the justifying space-bar 61 may be pressed to advance the workholding means at the same time the space-bar 24 is operated to space a word. In such instance, a releasable lock H may be so positioned as to afford joint operation of the space-bar 24 and justifying-bar 61, so that the operator need only depress one of the bars to eifect the line-justifying. Lock member H0 may be made, as shown more clearly in Figure '1, to present a swingable link pivoted on the bar 61 to engage the bar 24 for joint operation and being movable free thereof at the will of the operator when independent operation of the justifying-mechanism is desired.

Attention is now directed to Figure 3 representing a modified form of the actuating means for the feed-mechanism I0, same being distinguished from that of the first form by the elimination of the leverage system 15 and the rockable frame 90, other actuating means being provided. This form of the invention embodies feedmechanism 10 similar to that described for the first form and includes the ratchet-wheel H on the screw-sleeve 50, the pawl I2 for actuating the latter through the reciprocatory arm I3, and the cam 11 controlling the: effective throw of pawl 16, the position of cam. 11 being adjustable by the regulator arm 18 to vary the effective throw of pawl 16. In this modification, the actuating means for the feed-mechanism 10 takes the form of a plunger Ill flexibly joined to the arm 13 at H2 and guided for sliding motion on the carriage ID in a journal H3. Plunger III is manually operated in actuating the feed-mechanism ID by pressing a button H4 at its forward end against the power of a return-spring H until a member of arm 13 engages a stop I IS, the

- button H4 being conveniently accessible to the operator, at the forward part of the machine.

Although line-justifying may be effected by operating the mechanism at random and observing the progress of justifying on dial I08, the procedure preferably followed in justifying the typelines of a page includes the preparation of a work-sheet H1, Figure 8, typed in the usual manner withuniform word-spaces and even letter-spaces which results in producing a righthand margin at which the various typed lines define a jagged edge. To assist the operator in determining the actual deficiency of each typeline, that is, the number of letter-spaces of which a certain line is short of the desired margin, the work-sheet on which the preliminary typing is prepared, has previously printed thereon a series of column-lines H8 collectively defining a vertical border or field within which the usually typed uneven lines terminate. The respective columnlines are separated a distance equal; to the usual letter-spacing. produced by the machine and are numbered from right to left, the line representing that at which eachlitype-line is to terminate in the finished, justified sheet.

The invention functions to extend or elongate atype-line preferably by expanding each wordspace in the line a uniform predetermined degree in order that the type-line terminate at the zero-1 column line H8.- For exact work two variants or factors are to be considered in setting the justifying-mechanism, namely, the shortage of each line expressed in letter-spaces, and the number of word-spaces in that line, it being desired to add to each word-space a uniform amount which, in the aggregate, makes up the deficiency" oli'ifthe typed line, For example, it may be assumed that a certain type-line has eight word-spaces and is three letter-spaces short of the desired margin as-exemplifled by the upper type-line of Figure 8. It will thus be required to expand each of the eight word-spaces in retyping, by an amount equivalent to threeeighths of a letter-space so that the aggregate line will be amply lengthened to terminate at the zero-margin line. The two mentioned variants form the fraction the decimal equivalent being .375, to which figure the regulatorarm 18 is set on the scale 60, Figure '7, the notch opposite numeral 4 on the dial being suitable for such a decimal, Any degree of advancement for the work-sheet in line-justifying may be similarly determined on the basis of word-spaces in a given line and the shortage of the line to the desired margin.

On work of the average kind, such as letterwriting, it has been found that each type-line contains a substantially uniform. number of word-spaces, varying only one or two wordspaces from the average. Because of this uniformity in the number of word-spaces, this factor need not be considered in setting the feedmechanism for most work, it beingnecessary to consider only the number of letter-spaces required to extend the type-line. In other words, the regulator arm at the scale 80 may be set at the actual number of letter-spaces by'which the type-line is to be extended.

It will thus be apparent that as the typing of a line progresses each word-space is expanded by the automatic shifting of the work-sheet carried on the sprockets 46, 41, the advancement being efiected by axially moving the sprockets 46, 41 from right to left, actuated by rotation of the screw 50 in the collar 62 through the feed-mechanism 10, the latter being set to feed the predetermined amount in accordance with the number of word-spaces and the length deficiency of each line. Although it is desired to set the feed-mechanism tooperate in accordance with the predetermined requirements, the operator may justify a line by actuating the feed-mechanism III at such intervals in the type-line as her judgment dictates, for which purpose the scale I08 and pointer I09 may be of substantial assistance by affording means by which the amount of typeline expansion may be constantly observed. A purpose of scale I08 is exemplified in Figure 5 wherein the feed-mechanism is shown in position at which the work-sheet has been advanced to the left, a distance equivalent tov three letterspaces, as would be required to justify the top type-line of. the preliminary work-sheet, Figure 8.

The use of a preliminary sheet 1 of perforated form to assure accurate lateral positioning on the sprockets 46, 41, is of advantage in so aligning the border-lines III as to accurately register same with the fixed printing-point of the machine as the end of a type-line is typed, so that some of the letters of the last word in the type-line are impressed exactly on the line to make it easy to determine exactly the number of spaces by which the line is deficient. In reference to the typing of the finished sheet, Figure 9, the use of a perforated sheet herein is of further advantage by positively and accurately registering the work-sheet with the predetermined left-hand margin-line so that the operator may be assured that each line, after justifying, will terminate at an exact right-hand margin-line and, of course, in an even border. In each case, the work-holding means embodied in the sprockets 4'6, 41 serves to positively allocate both the preliminary work-sheet and the finish worksheet in an identical lateral position in the chine.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a line-justifying mechanism for typewriting machines, in combination, a main frame, a carriage shiftable in line typing relative thereto, spacer-mechanism for moving said carriage at uniform steps, means for normally holding a work-sheet against lateral displacement upon the carriage, means for shifting said holding means in lateral direction relative to said carriage selectively variable, measured distances, whereby the intermittent movement of said holding means relative to said main frame as imparted to the carriage by the spacer mechanism may be modified, to modify the length of a type-line to justify the same, and separable connecting means between said carriage-spacer,mechanism and said means for shifting said holding means for eifecting 'joint operation of. said mechanism at the will of the operator.

2. In a justifying-mechanism for typewriting machines, in combination, a main frame, a carriage movable in line typing relative thereto, spacer-mechanism for moving said carriage at uniform steps, a platen endwise stationary on said carriage, a pair of sprockets rotatable on said carriage, the teeth of which may engage perforations in a work-sheet for laterally shifting same independently of said platen, and means for laterally shifting said sprockets relative to said carriage and platen selectively variable measured distances, whereby the movement of the work sheet relative to said; main frame is varied, so as to modify the length of a type-line to justify same, said sprockets and said platen being in axial alignment and rotatable in unison for line spacing of a work-sheet.

3.. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a, main frame, a carriage movable relative to said mainframe in line typing, spacer-mechanism for moving said carriage at uniform steps, and means for actuating said spacer-mechanism including a spacer-key at the front of the machine, of a line-justifying mechanism, comprising-work-sheet holding means shiftable on said carriage, means for shifting said holding means relative to said carriage selectively variable measured distances, whereby the intermittent movement of said holding means relative to said main frame is varied so as to modify the length of a typed line to a predetermined degree in justifying same, said work-holder shifting means including a justifying-key adjacent said spacerkey, and a lock for connecting at will the justifying-key and spacer-key for operating the justifying-mechanism simultaneously with the spac-.

ing operation.

4. In a line-justifying mechanism for typewriting machines, in combination, a main frame, a carriage shiftable in line typing relative thereto,'spacer-mechanism for moving said carriage laterally at uniform steps; means for holding a work-sheet against lateral displacement, means for shifting said holding means relative to said carriage in selectively variable measured distances, said means comprising a screw rotatably mounted on said carriage, a collar threadedly engaging said screw and operably connected to said work-sheet holding means, and a pawl and ratchet drive associated with said screw, the effective throw of said pawl being selectively variable to rotate said screw a predetermined degree whereby to vary the movement of said work-sheet holding means relative to said main frame,so as to modify the length of a type-line to justify same.

5. In a line-justifying mechanism for typewriting machines, in combination, a main frame, a carriage shiftable in line typing relative thereto, spacer-mechanism for moving said carriage at uniform steps, means for holding a work-sheet against lateral displacement, means for shifting said holding means laterally relative to said carriage in selectively variable measured distances, said means comprising a screw rotatably mounted on said carriage, a collar threadedly engaging said screw and operably connected to said worksheet holding means, a pawl and ratchet drive associated with said screw, the effective throw of said pawl being selectively variable to rotate said screw a predetermined degree, and means for at uniform steps, means for holding a work-sheet against lateral displacement, means laterally for shifting said holding means relative to said carriage in selectively variable measured distances, said means comprising a screw rotatably mounted on said carriage, a collar threadedly engaging said screw and operably connected to said worksheet holding means, a pawl and ratchet drive associated with said screw, the effective throw of said pawl being selectively variable to rotate said screw a predetermined degree, and means for actuating said pawl including a rockable frame pivoted on said carriage and a leverage train-mounted on the main frame and including an actuating lever having a pin-and-slot connection with said rockable frame, said link having guide means whereby the connection thereof moves in accord with the swing of said rockable frame. v

'7. In a line-justifying mechanism for typewriting machines, in combination, a main frame,

a carriage shiftable in line typing relative thereshifting said holding means relative to said carriage in selectively variable measured distances,

said means comprising a screw rotatably moufited on said carriage, a collar threadedly engaging said screw and operably connected to said worksheet holding means, a pawl and ratchet drive associated with said screw, and an adjustable cam in the path of travel of said pawl, said cam being engageable by said pawl to control the degree of stroke of same effective on said ratchet, whereby to vary the intermittent movement of said work-sheet holding means relative to the main frame, so as to modify the length of a typeline to justify same.

8. In a line-justifying mechanism for typewriting machines, in combination, a main frame, a

said carriage in selectively variable measured distances, said means comprising a. screw rotat ably mounted on said carriage, a collar threadedly engaging said screw and operably connected to said work-sheet holding means, and selectively variable actuating means for rotating said screw a predetermined degree, whereby to vary the intermittent movement of said holding means relative to said main frame, effective in modifying the length of a type-line to justify same, said screw having a restoring spring associated therewith to be further tensioned during advancement of said collar and adapted to reversely rotate said screw to return said collar and the work-sheet holding means therewith, to initial position.

9. In a line-justifying mechanism for typewriting machines, in combination, a main frame, a carriage shiftable in line typing relative thereto, spacer-mechanism for moving said carriage at uniform steps, means for holding a worksheet against lateral displacement, means for shifting said holding means relative to said carriage in selectively variable measured distances, said means comprising a screw rotatably mounted on said carriage, a collar threadedly engaging said screw and operably connected to said work-sheet holding means, a pawl and ratchet drive associated with said screw, and an adjustable cam to control the amount of effective throw of said pawl upon the ratchet when said ratchet-drive is operated, whereby the intermittent movement of said work-sheet holding means relative to the main frame may be varied, so as to modify the length of a type-line to justify same, said settable cam including an adjustment arm registrable with an indicator dial representing the rates of feed of said pawl andratchet device.

10. In a justifying-mechanism for typewriting machines, in combination, a main frame, a carriage movable in line typing relative thereto, spacer-mechanism for moving said carriage at uniform steps, a platen endwise stationary on said carriage, a pair of sprockets rotatable on said carriage, the teeth of which may engage perforations in a work-sheet for laterally'shlfting same independently of said platen, means for laterally shifting said sprockets relative to said carriage and platen to modify the length of a type-line to justify same, and a series of rods slidable longitudinally in the platen to fixedly interconnect said sprockets for rotation in unison with the said platen.

11. In a justifying-mechanism for typewriting machines, in combinatiom'a main frame, a carriage movable in line typing relative thereto, spacer-mechanism for moving said carriage at uniform steps, a platen endwise stationary on said carriage, a pair of sprockets rotatable on said carriage, the teeth of which may engage the marginal perforations in a work-sheet for laterally shifting same independently of said platen, means for variably shifting said sprockets relative to said carriage and platen comprising a feed screw rotatably mounted on said carriage and operably connected with said sprockets for laterally shifting the same, a pawl and ratchet drive associated with said screw, a spring-backed pawl associated with said ratchet to normally prevent reverse movement thereof, line-space mechanism operable to intermittently rotate said sprockets to line space a work-sheet and means for releasing said pawl by the operation of said line-space mechanism.

12., In a justifying-mechanism for typewriting machines, in combination, a main frame, a carriage movable in line typing relative thereto, carriage-feed-mechanism for moving said carriage at uniform steps, a platen normally endwise stationary on said carriage, a pair of sprockets rotatable on said carriage, the teeth of which may engage the marginal perforations in a work-sheet, means for laterally shifting said sprockets relative to said carriage and platen.

in selectively variable fractions of the uniform steps of carriage movement, said means comprising a feed screw rotatably mounted on said carriage and operably connected with said sprockets for laterally shifting the same, a spring returned pawl and ratchet drive associated with said screw, the effective throw of said pawl being selectively variable to rotate said screw a predetermined degree, a line-spacer mechanism for intermittently rotating said sprockets to advance the work-sheet in line-space movement, including a reciprocatory member, a spring-backed check pawl associated with said ratchet to prevent reverse movement thereof, and an abutting connection between said plunger and check pawl whereby said check pawl may be released coactively with the operation of said line-spacer mechanism to permit restoration of said ratchet drive under the power of its spring.

13. In a typewriting machine having a letterfeeding carriage and types movable to a commonprinting point, a justifying device comprising a. platen on said carriage, means for holding a work sheet against said platen, and means for shifting said holding means relative to said platen in the line of feed a measured distance, and a settable shift-regulator associated with said shifting means whereby the distance between the previous letterfeeding step position of the sheet and the printing point can be varied by the operation of said shifting means to regulated extents.

14. In a typewriting machine, a letter-feeding carriage, a platen mounted thereon, sprockets revolvably mounted in the carriage, said sprockets cooperating with a perforated work-sheet to hold the same, said sprockets, when rotated, adapted to line-space said work-sheet, and means to laterally displace said sprockets simultaneously on the said carriage a measured distance,

work-sheet can be changedjwithin the said carriage to regulated extents.

15. In a typewriting machine, the combination I with a main frame, a carriage movable relative to said main fram in line typing and carriage feed-mechanism for moving said carriage at uniform steps, of line-justifying mechanism comprising, work-sheet holding means engaging a work sheet against lateral displacement, a platen for backing the work-sheet across its typing area and laterally immovable on said carriage, means which, when actuated, causes a measured lateral movement of the work-sheet holding means upon the said carriage, and means for predeterminately regulating the said measurtd lateral movement of said-work-sheet holding means.

16. In a typewriter, a frame, a letter feeding carriage, a platen fixed againstlateral movement with respect to the carriage, typing elements selectively movable against the platen, a device for holding a work-sheet in operative relation to the platen, said device being movable to effect displacement of the work-sheet on the platen in the direction of letter-feed movement thereof,

mechanism actuable to line-space said worksheet, means to variably move said work-sheet holding device small variable distances to obtain variable movements of the work-sheet with respect to the frame in addition to regular letterfeeding movement of the carriage to thus provide for line-justification, and means supported on the carriage and operative under "control of said line-space mechanism upon actuation thereof for returning said work-sheet holding device to a normal position upon the carriage.

17. In a typewriting machine, a frame, a carriage, means to letter-feed said carriage, a platen fixed against lateral movement with respect to the carriage, typing elements selectively movable against the platen, means for holding a worksheet in operative relation to the platen, said means being movable to efiect displacement of the work-sheet on the platen in the direction of 'letter-feed movement thereof, means operable to impart, with respect to the carriage, variable movement to said work-sheet holding means in the line of carriage-feed, said last said means including a device to regulate the magnitude of said impartable movements, whereby variable work-sheet movements can be obtained with rerespect to the frame in addition to regular letterfeeding movement of the carriage, to thus provide for line-justification, a key operating said letter-feed means, and means to connect said key to the means to impart movement to the work-sheet holding means.

18. In a typewriter, a platen for backing a work-sheet, means to support the said platen, a keyboard, type-keys in the keyboard, character typing elements operable by said type-keys, common supporting means-for said typing elements, said elements being movable against the said platen to a common printing point, a worksheet holder upon the said platen-supporting means movably holding said work-sheet against the platen in the line of feed, means operable to relatively letter-feed one of said supporting means upon the other, means for imparting to said work-sheet holder, with respect to the platen and platen supporting means, variable movements in the line of relative feed of the said supporting means, said last said means including a regulating device for predetermingly varying the magniture of said movements, to thereby obtain variable movements between the work-sheet and the said typing elements in addition to regular letter-feeding movement between the said supporting means, a key operating said letterfeed means, and meansto connect said key to the means to impart movement to the work-sheet holding means.

19. In a typewriting machine, a frame, a letter-feeding carriage, a platen fixed upon the carriage to letter-feed therewith, typing elements selectively movable against said platen, a pintype work-sheet holder for movably holding a work-sheet against the platen upon the carriage in the line of carriage-feed and also transverse to the line of carriage-feed, means toline-space said pin-type work-sheet holder transverse to the line of carriage-feed, and means operable to impart, with respect to the carriage and said platen, variable movements to the pin-type worksheet holder in the. line of carriage-feed, said last said means including a device to regulate the magnitude of said impartable movements, whereby variable movements of the work-sheet can be obtained with respect to the frame in addi-- tion to the regular letter-feeding movements of the carriage to thus provide for line-justification.

20. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a frame, a letter-feeding carriage, a platen laterally fixed on the carriage, typing elements selectively movable against said platen, of carriage-feeding means, a work-sheet holder supported on the carriage and adapted to support a Work-sheet against said platen and movable in the line of feed on the carriage, screw-feed means operable to impart with respect-to the carriage and said platen, variable movements to said work-sheet holder in the line of carriagefeed, said screw-feed means including a device on the carriage to regulate the magnitude of said impartable movements, whereby variable movements of the work-sheet can be obtained with respect to the frame in addition to regular letter-feeding movement of the carriage to thus provide for line-justification, and an operating member connected to said carriage-feeding means, and means to connect said member to said screw-feed means to conjointly operate said carriage-feeding means and said screw-feed means. I H g 21. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a frame, a letter-feeding carriage, a platen laterally fixed on the carriage, typing elements, a keyboard, and keys in the keyboard operable to move said types selectively against said platen, of carriage-feeding means, a work-sheet holder supported on the carriage and adapted to support a work-sheet against the platen and movable in the line of feed on the carriage, means for moving said work holder with respect to the carriage and'the platen, small variable distances to obtain variable movements of the work-sheet holder with respect to the frame in addition to the movements derived from the regular letterfeeding movement of the carriage, to thus provide for line J'ustification, a key operating said carriage-feeding means, and means to connect said key to the means to impart movement to the work-sheet holding means.

JESSE A. B. SMITH.

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