US2322222A

US2322222A - Automatic justifying and indention control

Info

Publication number: US2322222A
Application number: US230733A
Authority: US
Inventors: Alpha F Colton
Original assignee: COXHEAD RALPH C CORP
Current assignee: COXHEAD RALPH C CORP; RALPH C COXHEAD Corp
Priority date: 1938-09-19
Filing date: 1938-09-19
Publication date: 1943-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 1960-06-22
Also published as: GB569522A; GB567654A; FR941153A

Description

June 22, 1943. A. F. COLTON 2,322,222

INVENTOR AZp/La/ F Coltow ATTORNEY.

June 22, 1943. com-0 2,322,222

AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING AND INDENTION CONTROLS Filed Sept. 19, 1938 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 22, 1943.

I A. F. COLTON AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING AND INDENTION CONTROLS Filed Sept. 19, 1958 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 w w ANN \ww June 22, 1943. A. F. COLTON AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING AND INDENTION CONTROLS Filed Sept. 19, 1938 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 QQN 3w mww Q n 0 Mi m QR w m w F M NWN my m QNM June 22, 1943. A. F; COLTON ,3 2,

AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING AND INDENTION CONTROLS Filed Sept. 19, 1938 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 J I I I W 0 P I I "W INVENTQ M ficozw aw TTORNEY.

Patented June 22, 1943 AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING AND INDENTION CONTROL Alpha F. Colton, Detroit, Mich assignor to Ralph C. Coxhead Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application September 19, 1938, Serial No. 30,733

25 Claims.

This invention relates to printing machines and particularly to an improved typewriting machine which is controllable to print lines of characters in justified condition or to print lines, words, or phrases shorter than the column width desired in positions bearing a definite spatial relationship to the width of the column.

In the graphic arts in general and in relief printing in particular, the art of spacing letters, words, phrases, sentences, columns and pages in a certain area of print receiving surfaces is generally known as Composition. It is subdivided into two main classes relating to "straight matter and display. Well known examples of straight matter are the pages of a book or a newspaper. Well known examples of display are the advertising pages in magazines and newspapers. In display composition the words and phrases are given emphasis, either by contrasting sizes of type, darker values or angles, or by different spacing of the words within the outside dimensions of the printed material. Practically speaking, in straight matter composition the only spacing problems relate to the spacing of words and letters and to properly indenting paragraphs and having their short last lines commencing flush with the left margin of the column. In display composition there is the additional problem of centering a short line in the column and of ending short lines flush at the right marsin of the column.

An important object of this invention is to provide a typewriting machine which is controllable to print straight matter composition and automatically justify it to the desired-column width, and to print display composition and automatically distribute the material in certain preselected positions within the dimensions of the column. A further object of the invention is to provide a typewriting machine of compact dimensions similar in size to an ordinary typewriter. "Straight line. and display compositions typed by this machine are capable of being reproduced photographically to form printing plates. The principle of this invention is not limited solely to devices that are clearly typewriters and the like but is also applicable to other forms of printing machines, such as one having an auxiliary unit in which the printing symbols could be larger or smaller than the original typing.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel justifying mechanism which operates automatically to expand the length of the typewriter lines to the desired length and which by altering the control thereover is also adapted to change the starting position of a word or short line so that when printed, it appears centered in the column. More specifically, the novel justifying mechanism and the control therefor is capable of justifying long lines of printed material to a predetermined column width and of printing short lines or words flush with the left margin or with the right margin or exactly in the middle of the column.

An important feature of the invention is the optional control granted to the operator either of increasing the line length to the desired limit or of placing the line in the column of printed material with the left end flush with the left margin of the column, the right end flush with the right margin of the column or the whole line centered in the column with equal spaces on opposite sides thereof. v

The automatic justifying mechanism described herein constitutes an improvement over the justifying mechanism described in my copending Patent No. 2,133,973, issued October 25, 1938. The preferred method of using either one of these justifying mechanisms on typewriting machines is to print a trial line in the early advancement of a body or platen carrying a print receiving surface and then to re-type the same line in later advancement of the platen but in justified condition. Both mechanisms function to measure the difference between the length of the trial line and the desired line length and upon retyping of the line vary its length to the desired column width. The justifying mechanism of the present invention is associated with an escapement mechanism of novel design which is bodily movable at the time it performs its escapement operation and causes step by step advancement of the platen at each typing stroke. An escapement device having a similar bodily movement is described and claimed in my Patent No. 2,018,547, issued October 22, 1935.

Another object of this invention is to provide a novel control associated with the justifying mechanism for regulating the travel of the platen or carriage of the machine which selectively determines the position of a line of characters on the printing area. This control is particularly desirable for display" composition and is capable of locating a short line of characters either so that it may begin flush with the left margin, end flush with the right margin, or be centered exactly in the middle of the printing area. The control consists of a plurality of elements operatively associated together and mutually affectlng one another. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention herein these elements comprise tabular stops and arms capable of stopping the travelirm platen at various typing points to locate the display lines at the desired places. Ater the desired line length has been determined and the tabular stops preset therefor, the control over the location of the lines on the printing sheet is entirely automatic so that all the operator need do after typing the trial line is to select the position he desires for the line by key controls positioned on the keyboard. The justifying mechanism and the novel control associated therewith is therefore capable of giving almost any shape to any mass of words for "display purposes.

Various other objects, advantages, and meritorious features of the invention will become more fully apparentfrom the following specification, appended claims, and accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view 1ongitudinally through a machine embodying the invention along line ll in Fig. 3,

Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross sectional view of the machine along line 2-2 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a top View of the machine in slightly smaller scale partially broken away to show the operating parts in the interior,

Fig. 4 is an elevation of the back of the machine,

Fig. 5 is a'vertical cross sectional view of the machine along line 55 of Fig. 4, i

Fig. 6 is a view of a detail of the machine showing the manner of operating the tabular stops,

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view through a part of the machine along line 1-1 in Fig. 10,

Fig. 8 is a detail view of the fixed tabular stop control carried by the carriage,

Fig. 9 is a cross sectional view through the fixed tabular stop control along line 9-9 of Fig.

Fig. 10 is a detail view of the movable tabular arm supports for limiting movement of the carriage to positions predetermined by the typing of the trial line,

Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the tabular arm supports along line I l-ll of Fig. 10,

Fig. 12 is an elevation of the control mechanism for the movable tabular arms, I

Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic view of the principal operating parts of the justifying mechamsm illustrating the position of the parts at the end of the trial typing,

Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic view of the parts 11- lustrated in Fig. 13 showing the position of the parts at the commencement of the typing of the final line,

Fig. 15 is a detail view of one of the escapement devices and associated parts in the justifying mechanism,

Fig. 16 is a top view of the parts illustrated in Fig. 15, and

Fig. 17 is a view illustrating straight line composition and display composition produced on this machine and showing by way of comparison the position of the trial lines and the position of the final lines.

As pointed out hereinabove, the purpose of this invention is to type relatively long lines of typewritten material in justified condition, and. if desired, to type short lines, at certain positions on a sheet of typewritten material. For display composition this machine is capable of locating a word or short phrase on the sheet flush either with a given left margin or a given right margin or centered with respect to both right and left margins. In Fig. 1'7 there are illustrated examples of types performed on a machine embodying the principles of this invention. The column of printed material at left shows the location of the lines 1" hen the trial or test lines are typed. The column of printed material at the right shows the same lines either justified to the width of the column or positioned at one side or the other side or exactly centered in the column. The machine described herein is capable of automatically justifyingthe lines like the top line in the right column of Fig. 17, or automatically locating words or short phrases flush with the right or left margins or centered with respect to the column.

Referring in detail to the drawings and particularly Fig. 1, the machine is similar in construction to the ordinary typewriter. It comprises a keyboard generally indicated at M, a traveling carriage l2 having a platen roller l4, type bars (not shown) which make the printing impressions on the platen, and an escapement device generally indicated at IS. The keyboard includes character keys l8,

tabular bar keys

264, 266 and 268, and two kinds of spacer bars,-a variable spacer bar 22 located in the center of the keyboard and two uniform or standard spacer bars 24 located on the opposite sides of the variable spacer bar. All the parts of the machine are supported upon a rectangular frame 26 having a supplemental projecting frame 28 which extends around the keyboard as shown in Fig. 2.

The carriage l2 of the machine is supported in any suitable way for movement back and forth across the machine. As shown in Fig. 1 the carriage is supported for travel upon rail 30 and 32. The roller platen I4 is pivoted to the carriage at 34 for slight rocking movement as is customary for printing both upper and lower case letters. Power means such as a spring continuously acts to drive the carriage upon its supporting rails from right to left when the machine is viewed from the front. This is standard practice and accordingly the spring is omitted from view.

The escapement device I 6 acts to impart a step by step advancement to the carriage as print ing impressions are made. The escapement mechanism is of the type which may be bodily shifted as it performs its escapement operations and thus vary the distance of movement of the carriage. An escapement device of this character is described and claimed in my Patents Nos. 2,018,547 and 2,133,973 referred to above.

In the present embodiment of the invention the escapement mechanism is mounted for bodily movement in a circular path about the axis of the large gear wheel 36. The star wheel 33 of the escapement device is supported by its shaft 40. between spaced plates 42 and 44 on opposite sides of the gear wheel 36. The star wheel as shown in Fig. 3, is offset from the plane of the gear wheel 36 and overlaps the periphery thereof. Loose on shaft 40 of the star wheel is a pinion 46 which meshes with the gear wheel 36. Also meshing with the gear wheel i a pinion 50 attached to a shaft 48 having on the opposite end a pinion 52 whose teeth mesh with those of a carriage rack bar 54 of usual design (see Fig. 5) The tension exerted on the carriage is transferred through the jointly operated pinions 52 and 50 to the gear wheel 36 and thence through pinion 46 to the star wheel 38. A pawl 39 is secured to the bottom side of the star wheel and engages the teeth frame 56 swingable about pivots 88. One dog 60 referred to as a loose dog is pivotally mounted on the rocking frame at 62. A coil spring 66 yieldingly urges it toward the stop 66. The other dog 68 is immovably secured to the frame and is referred to as the fixed dog. The pivots 68 for the escapement frame 66 are carried by a supporting plate 10. This plate is secured to the upper end of a hollow shaft II (Fig. projecting axially through the gear 86. Both shaft and plate rotate together. Plate I0 is provided with an arm 12 carrying a roller I4 on its extremity. This roller is continuously pressed against an arm I6 forming a part of an automatic justifying device hereinafter described. When the machine is used for standard space typing the arm I6 is held stationary and may be considered as a fixed stop. When lines of typewritten material are justified on the machine, this arm will shift varying amounts and thus allow the gear wheel 36 and the escapement device geared thereto to rotate bodily therewith. The tension of the carriage acting through the gear wheel36 and the escapement mechanism is continuously taken by arm 16.

The escapement device provides the intermittent or step by step movement of th carriage when the frame 56 upon which it is mounted is rocked first upwardly and then returned. If it should be rocked first downwardly both dogs 60 and 68 are arranged so as to withdraw completely from engagement with the star wheel and the carriage will shift along the tracks 80 and 32 until it strikes a stop provided for this purpose. Both motions of the escapement device are utilized in the present invention; the upward rocking motion providing step by step movement of the carriage while rocking movement in the other direction allows the carriage to travel unimpeded until halted by tabular bar stops hereinafter described. I

To rock the escapement device, a hollow rod I8 is axially movable in the hollow shaft II. In non-use the upper end of the rod, I8 terminates substantially flush with the top end of th shaft II and is spaced slightly below a tail piece 80 on the side of the rocking frame 56 opposite to the operating dogs 60 and 68. This rod projects from the bottom end of the hollow shaft II and. is pivotally connected as shown in Fig. 1 to one end of a crank arm 82 rockable about shaft 84. When the crank arm 82 is rocked in a clockwise direction in Fig. 1 it will raise the hollow rod I8 and cause the upper end thereof to project beyond the upper end of the hollow shaft II in which it slides. When raised sufliciently it will strike the tail piece 80 and rock the operating dogs of the escapement device downwardly freeing the carriage for uninterrupted travel in the direction it is urged. Movable through the hollow rod I8 is a pull wire 86. The upper end of this wire is attached to the tail piece 80 of the escapement rocking frame. The bottom end is attached to one end of a crank arm 88 through a resilient connection. As shown in Fig. 1, the arm to which the wire is attached is twisted to allow the wire to pass perpendicularly therethrough. A coiled spring 62 encircles thetpart of the wire projecting below the twisted arm and seats between adjustable nuts on the wire and the bottom face of the arm. Spring 82 is of sufiicient strength to transmit operating forces from the crank arm 88 for rocking the escapement frame 66. The spring, however, forms a loose connection, enabling the pull wire 86 to travel with the hollow rod 18 when the latter is raised to engage the tail piece 80 and rock the escapement frame in the opposite direction.

The crank arm 88 to which the pull wire 86 is attached is fixed to a rotatable shaft 94. The opposite end of the crank arm 88 is connected by pull rod 86 to an arm 88 forming part of the variable spacer bar 22. Depression of the spacer bar 22 will therefore actuate the escapement mechanism. Obviously a similar provision may be made for actuating the escapement device when any one of the keys I0 is struck or when the standard spacer bars 24 are depressed. In the usual practice a universal bar is provided for this purpose. Such a bar'is indicated at I00. It is capable when a typing key is struck of moving rearwardly and swinging arm I02 fixed to shaft 94. This motion will rock the shaft and exert a pull on the wire 86 causing the escapement dogs to rock upwardly and allow-the star wheel to escape one tooth.

Crank arm 82 is connected by pull wire I04 to a horizontal bar I06 supported for rocking movement about the shaft I08. Rocking on this shaft are crank arms I09, H0, and I II associated respectively with the

tabular bar keys

268, 266 and 268. One end of these crank arms abuts the bar I06. The opposite ends of these crank arms are separately pivotally connected to vertical links 2 upon which'the tabular bar keys are formed. It is obvious that upon depression of any of the tabular bar keys. that the crank arms will rock counterclockwise in Fig. l and cause the horizontal bar I06 to swing toward the front of the machine. This will pull rod I04 rocking crank arm 82 clockwise and raise the hollow rod 16 until it strikes and tips the tail piece of the escapemcnt plate 56. This in turn will swing both dogs 60 and 68 downwardly out of mesh with the star wheel and allow uninterrupted travel of the carriage. The upper ends of crank arms I09, H0 and III have pull rods H3, H4 and H5 leading therefrom respectively, but these extend to crank arms on shaft 84 other than the crank arm 82 hereinabove described.

The mechanism for automatically justifying lines of printing material incorporated in the present embodiment of the invention is similar in principle to that described in my copending Patent No. 2,133,973. As described in this patcut, a trial or test line of characters is first typed in the early advance of the carriage, then the carriage is shifted to a predetermined position and the same line of characters is typed again but spaced or justified so that the line extends the desired column width. The justifying device operates automatically. There is no need to adjust parts or dials after the column width has been selected and regulation made therefor. The

operator merely types a line of characters, strikes a key on the keyboard to cause the carriage to shift and then retypes the line of characters. The justifying mechanism in the present instance measures the shortage of a line of characters from the desired column width, and automatically adds an additional increment of movement to certain of the advancements made by the carriage in typing the final line.

In my copending patent the justifying mechanism illustrated therein varied every carriage movement during the typing of the final line. That is to say, the justifying mechanism varied all the spaces whether between the characters or between the words. In the instant case, the justifying mechanism illustrated varies the distance between the words only to obtain justification. It is understood, however, that the justifying mechanism illustrated herein might be modified for varying the spaces between the characters as well as the words.

In the machine illustrated herein the automatic justifying mechanism is principally on the back wall of the machine. The mechanism may be considered as consisting of two operating sec tions, one which measures the difference between escapement devices.

a typed line of standard width and the desired column width and a second section regulated by the first section which varies in equal increments the advancement of the typewriter carriage during the second or final typing to make the second line and exactly at the desired point.

Referring to Fig. 4, two toothed segments I and I22 are disposed in the same vertical plane for pivotal movement about spaced parallel axes I2I and I23 respectively, corresponding in position to the stub shafts or pins I 80 and H5 respectively in Figs. 4 and 13. Each segment is tensioned by spring means (not shown) for movement in a clockwise direction about its respective pivotal axis. Associated with each segment and acting on the teeth thereof is an escapement device. The dogs of the escapement device engage with the teeth of the segment with which it is associated and allow the segment to escape one tooth at a time in the direction they are urged by the spring means.

The escapement devices for the segments I 20 and I22 are in general similar in construction to the escapement mechanism previously described andgenerally referred to by reference numeral I6. One of the escapement devices and associated operating elements is shown in detail in Figs. 15 and 16. Referring to these figures, each device comprises a rocking frame I32 swingable between pivots I34 and carries a fixed dog I36 and a loose dog I38. The loose clog I38 is urged by a spring I40 toward a resilient stop formed by lever I4I having an arcuate slot I42. A pin I43 projects from frame I32 into the arcuate slot and acts to limit the distance of travel of the lever I4I toward the loose dog. A coil spring I44 acts to yieldingly swing the lever in the direction of the dog. The resilient stop formed by lever MI is sufficient to hold the loose dog I38 when the latter is used in the normal way to permit escapement of the toothed segment with which it is associated. Upon return movement of the segment the additional force exerted by the segment against the dog I38 will cause the latter to swing the lever I4I sufficiently' to allow the teeth of the segment to pass over the dog.

A control is provided for operating the escapement device for the left segment I 28 in Fig. 4 during the typing of the trial or test line, and for operating the escapement device for the other segment during the typing of the final justified line. This control is operatively associated with the variable spacer bar 22 and functions when the variable spacer bar is depressed. This control comprises a rockable and longitudinally shiftable bar I45. This bar is provided with depending arms I46 pivotally and slidably 7 mences.

embracing the inner pivots I34 of the escapement devices. The ends of the shift bar are adapted to bear upon the frames I32 of the The bar, however, is not of sumcient length to-overlap its ends upon both frames I32 at the same time when the bar is shifted to either of the extreme positions of its movement. In Fig. 4 the left end of the bar is shown bearing upon the left escapement frame while the right end clears the right escapement frame. When the bar is rocked about its pivotal connection to the inner pivots I34 it operates the escapement mechanism upon which It bears.

A pull rod I48 is connected to the shift bar at I50 and extends forwardly through the machine to arm 98 of the variable spacer bar 22. Means for shifting thebar laterally to overlap upon either one of the escapement devices comprises a swingable arm I52 projecting through the rear wall from the iinside of the machine and adapted when swung back and forth to shift the bar. I45 left and right. Means responsive to the movement of the carriage is provided for swinging thisarm when the carriage approaches the position wherein typing of the justified line com- As a result of this arrangement, the escapement device associated with segment I20 is adapted to be operated during the-typing of the first or trial line and the escapement device for the segment I22 is adapted to be operated during the typing of the final justified line.

Associated with each segment I 2|! and I22 are similarly shaped parts which function in combination with the segments to produce the justified line. Each segment is provided with an arcuate track. With reference to segment I20 and particularly to Figs. 13 and 14 this track is formed by an arcuate member I54 supported in offset relation to the segment by pins I56 at its opposite ends. A space is provided between the face of the segment and the track. Straddling the track is a pair of links I58 secured together at their opposite ends and forming a single operating member. Journalled between the links on a stub shaft I60 is a substantially semi-circular element I62 referred to as a shoe which has an arcuate face corresponding in curvature t0 the curved underside of the track member I54. At whatever place the links move along the track the shoe is adapted to turn and bear its curved face against the underside of the track.

The lower end of the member I58 formed by the track straddling links is pivotally connected to one end of a crank arm I64 swingable about a fixed stud I66. The opposite end of the crank arm extends upwardly toward thecarriage overhead. and is provided with a roller I68. The

member .I58 projects beyond its connection to the crank arm, and a spring H0 is tensioned between the projecting end of the member and the crank arm at a ,point adjacent to the stud I66. This spring tends to swing the member I58 clockwise about its pivotal connection to the crank arm.

The parts associated with segment I22 are very similar in construction to those associated with segment I20. An arcuate track of the same curvature as track I54 is formed by a curved member Ill onsegment I22. A pair of links straddle the track and form an operating member H2. The lower end of this member is pivotally connected to one end of a crank arm I14 journalled on a stud I16. The shoe "8 which corresponds to shoe I62 is journaled to member- I12 by stub shaft I15. It is mounted not as in the previously described case against the underside of the track but upon the top side thereof. It is provided with a curved face corresponding to the curvature of the top side of the track I so that it may make a surface contact therewith. A link I18 connects the two shoes I62 and I18 together for joint operation. As shown, the link is pivota-lly connected to the rearwardly projecting stub shaft I60 about which shoe I62 rotates and at the other end to the corresponding stub shaft I15 about which shoe I18 rotates.

Engaging the end of member I58 of the justifying mechanism and releasably holding the same against the tension of spring I10 is a detent I80 best illustrated in Figs. 15 and 16. A spring I82 urges the detent into locking engagement with the end of member I58. A stop I83 is provided for limting the swinging movement of the detent when member I58 is released. This detent frees the member I58 for movement in the direction urged by the spring I10 when the shift bar I45 is removed from engagement with the escapement device associated with seg- -ment of the shift bar operating arm I52. Thus when the shift bar I45 is moved into engagement with the escapement device of segment I22 just prior to the typing of the final line the member I64 is released for movement.

As previously mentioned segment I and associated elements measurethe difference between the length of a completed typewritten line and the desired line length. The number of times the variable spacer bar is operated to space one word of the line from another will determine the number of operations of escapement device for segment I20 and the number of teeth it will allow the segment to escape. As the segment I20 swings in a, clockwise direction in response to variable spacer bar operations it carries the remote end of its track I54 downwardly. Shoe I62 and associated member I58 are prevented from following this movement of the track. In its initial position as shown in Fig. 4 the stub shaft I60 of shoe I62 is in alignment'with the pivotal axis of the segment I20 and .therefore except for a slight unimportant rotation of the shoe the member I54 and the shoe remain at their initial position until released by the detent I80. When released by the detent, the shoe and member I58 will swing in the direction in which the segment moved and if no provision is made to stop the shoe it will slide its full length along track I54. As the shoe I62 slides on the track and member I58 travels therewith, it depresses the lower section of crank arm I64 and causes the upper section carrying roller I68 to swing to the right. A comparison of the full and dotted lines in Fig. 13 will show the resulting action clearly.

There is provided an arm I86 depending downwardly into the region of the segments I20 and movable as will be described hereinafter in response to the movement of'the carriage. This arm moves along a path from right to left during the typing of the trial line from the position shown in Fig. 4 to a position either abutting roller I68 or slightly spaced therefrom. If when abutting roller I68, the detent I80 releases member I58, the member I68 and associated shoe will slide on the track but crank arm I64 will be held immovable. When the depending arm I86 is slightly spaced from roller I68 as indicated in full line condition in Fig. 13, the crank arm upon release of the detent will swing until the roller abuts the arm. The dotted position of crank arm I64 in Fig. 13 represents this condition. As previously stated arm I86 moves during the typing of the trial line. Its distance of movement is proportionate to the length of the trial line. Assuming that certain elements are preset. to determine the desired linelength, arm I86 will move until it abuts roller I68 when the trial line is as long as the desired length. If the trial line is shorter than the desired line length the arm will fall short of the roller a distance proportionate to the shortage of the line. Thus the distance crank arm I64 swings after the detent I80 releases member I58 is proportionate to the shortage of the trial line.

The gear segment I22 and associated parts function during the retyping and feed back to the carriage in equal increments an additional distance of travel at each operation of the variable spacer bar which will expand the line to the desired line length. The parts associated with the segment are, however, governed by the position of the parts associated with segment I20. They are adjusted proportionately to the distance the crank arm I64 swings and the number of teeth on the segment I20 which the dogs I36 and I38 allow to escape.

Referring to Fig. 13, the position of the partsv in full lines is their initial operating position. After a trial line containing six spaces, for example, has been typed the segment I20 swings to the dotted position. The six teeth on the segment represent the number of times the variable spacer bar was operated during the typing of this line. After the detent I releases the member I68, the crank arm I64 swings until the roller I68 abuts the depending arm I86 and takes the position shown in dotted lines. The shoe I62 slides along the track I54 until it binds therewith. Since pivotal connection of the member I58 to the crank arm I64 cannot drop any further the shoe will travel along the track until it binds therewith at a point intermediate its ends.

Track I54 is swung downwardly a distance proportionate to the number of spaces in the line typed. The more the track 15 swung downwardly for a given length of line, and this is determined by the number of spaces-between the words in the line, the less distance the shoe can travel on the track. This is likewise true if a longer line having the same number of spaces between words is typed. But if fewer spaces are in a typed line of the given length, the less distance the track will be swung and the further the shoe will slide along the track. This is likewise true if the line contains the same number of spaces between words but is shorter than the given length.

The movement of shoe I62 is transmitted by link I19 to shoe I18 on the other segment. The latter is forced along the track until it assumes for six operations of the variable spacer bar the position shown in dotted lines. When the carriage is shifted to the position for commencing the typing of the second line, the shift bar I45 is in operating position to actuate the escapement device for segment I22 in response to the operation of the variable spacer bar. When the line is retyped the same spaces between words occur and the segment I22 is escaped the same number of teeth. Fig. 14 shows the position of the parts in full lines before the retyping of lines previously referred to in connection with Fig. 13. As the line is retyped, segment I22 swings downwardly in six steps carrying the shoe I18 and associated member I12 therewith. This rocks the crank arm I14 9. distance proportionate to the number of teeth escaped which is in this instance is six teeth. After the final line is typed the resulting position of the parts is indicated in dotted outline in Fig. 14. 1

It is desirable to lock the segment I20 in adjusted position following the typing of the trial line." "This may be accomplished by a crank arm I80 pivoted about stud I provided as shown in I Figs. 15 and 16 with an inturned end on one arm I whichis engageable with the teeth of the segment I20. The opposite end of the crank arm is connected by a pull rod I81 to the shift bar I l liso that when the latter is shifted at the time ,,the.' carriage moves to the position for typing of the final line the crank is swung into engagement with the teeth of the segment and positively holds the same against movement. Upon return movement of the carriage the shift bar .145 moves in the opposite direction and causes the crank arm I85 to withdraw from the teeth of the segment.

To control the operations of the escapement mechanism I from the segment I22 and its associated parts,.crank arm I14 is provided with a roller IQI upon which presses an arm I90. This arm as shown in Fig. 1 extends over the back wall of the machine and is secured to one end of an element I92 slidably fitted on square bar I84 secured to the frame of the machine and extending parallel to the travel of the carriage as. shown in Fig. 3. The opposite end of. the element I82 is provided with the arm 16 hereinleft margin of the final copy. Upon retyping the same line over again, the justifying mechanism which has been set to the desired regulation by the position of the carriage at the end of the trial line increases the word spaces the correct amount to expand the final typed line to the desired column width.

The mechanism described in the specification hereafter superimposes its action on the justifying mechanism and enables the operator to locate one or more words either flush with the left margin of a column, flush with the right margin of a column, or centered in the column with equal spaces between the ends of the lines and.

the side margins of the column. Examples 01' what this portion of the machine is capable of the-gear wheel 38 and allow the carriage to advance. In the present embodiment of the invention, the parts are so arranged that when the expansion of a line of characters is made the arm 16 will yield apredetermined amount as the escapement mechanism is operated and thus increase the step by step advance of the carriage beyond that allowed by the teeth of the escapement mechanism in normal operation. Since arm 18 is connected through rigid linkage to the roller 28I of crank arm I14 the latter continuously takes the load of thecarriage. Swingable movement of .the crank arm in the direction urged bythe load of the carriage will provide an additional movement of the carriage at each spacer bar stroke. The amount of the yield of the crank arm at each time the segment I22 escapes one tooth will be determined by the setting of the shoe I18 on the curved track "I, and this setting as previously described is determined by the measure of the shortage of the line made by segment I20 and its associated parts.

The mechanism previously described provides automatic justification. The typing operation is similar to that described in my Patent No. 2,133,973. The desired line length having been determined, the operator types the trial line in the earlier advancements of the carriage. At the conclusion of the trial line the operator depresses one of the tabular bar keys, in this instance key 264 as will be described in more detail hereinafter. This causes the carriage to shift uninterruptedly until it abuts a tabular stop at the accomplishing are shown in the right section 01' Fig. 17 from line 2 to the bottom of the column.

Mounted on the back wall of the machine adjacent each corner is a supporting bracket 200 secured'to the frame in the manner shown in Fig. 7. These supporting brackets as shown in Fig. 4 extend outwardly laterally as well as backwardly from the rear wall of the frame. These brackets support the set of bars shown in Fig. 10, one bar of which carries the depending arm I86 which moves proportionately to the carriage during the first typing and determines the shortage of the first line. The set of bars illustrated in Fig. 10 is secured byrectangular hangers'202 at their opposite ends to the supporting brackets 200. The upper rack bar 204 of the set is fixed in the hangers. It is constructed as shown in Fig. 11 of two longitudinal sections riveted together. For the greater portion of the length of this bar the outside section is wider than the inner section and the latter is provided with rack teeth which mesh with a spur gear 206 intermediate its length. The wider section of this bar is offset from the plane of the gear wheel 208 and extends slightly past the wheel to form a guide therefor. The lower rack bar 208 is similarly formed of two iongitudinal sections riveted together, the outer section being wider than the inner section and the latter provided with teeth which engage the spur gear 208. This rack bar is longitudinally slidable in the hangers 202. Formed integrally with this bar is the depending arm I86 previously described. Disposed between the two rack bars and fioatingly carried thereby is a third bar 2) to which the spur gear 208 is journaled. The teeth of the spur gear engage the rack teeth on the inner sections of

bars

204 and 208. Secured to sliding bar 2I0 are members 2 I2 which overlap upon the sides of the rack bars 204 and 208 and serve to guide the same therebetweem' It is obvious that when the lower bar 208 is moved longitudinally with respect to the upper bar 204 the spur gear 208 and the bar with which it is associated will travel one half the distance.

Slidably mounted alongside of the fixed rack bar 204is a short rack bar 2 likewise comprised of two longitudinal sections riveted together. This rack bar is disposed in front of fixed bar 204 as viewed in Fig. 10 and extends for about half its length. As will be described in detail later the shorter rack bar 2 I4 is movable along with the carriage during the typing of the first line. This bar is slidably supported at one end by the right hanger 202 in Fig. 10 and at the other end by a smaller hanger 2 I6 which encircles the fixed rack bar 208 and is fixed to the short bar. As shown in the end view in Fig. 11, the longer rack bars 2M and 208 are disposed in the upper and lower right hand comers respectively of the hangers 202. The short rack bar 2 is disposed in the upper left hand comer. The remaining corner or corners of the hangers are occupied by filler blocks M8 to hold the parts compactly together.

Extending transversely between the upper and lower bars of the set is a shaft 220 supported by lateral arms extending from the hanger 202 as shown at the right of Fig. 10. This shaft supports a gear wheel 222 meshing with the long slidable rack bar 208 and the short slidable rack bar 214.

The relation of the parts is best shown in Fig. '7. The fixed rack bar 204 although supported in the hanger 202 at this point is not provided with rack teeth at the end as Fig. '1 shows and therefore does not mesh with the wheel 222. The forward end of shaft 220 carries a finely toothed wheel 224 outside of the hanger 202. It is obvious from this construction that when the short rack bar 2 is moved the gear wheel 222 will rotate and cause the lower longer rack bar- 208 to move equally in the opposite direction. The short rack bar H4 is tensioned by spring means (not shown) to travel in the direction of the carriage as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 10. Stop means is provided on the carriage to hold this bar from movement except in conjunction therewith. This means comprises an arm 226 projecting from the top of hanger 2 l6 to which the shorter rack bar is fixed and extending toward the carriage where its free end overlaps the free end of a similar arm 228 projecting from the carriage (Fig. 3). The shorter rack bar 2l4is urged to follow the movement of the carriage by any suitable spring means such as a cable 221 connected at one end to the hanger H6 and at the other end to a drum 229 rotatably supported on bracket 23! and having a wound spring 233 therewithin which tends to rotate the drum in the direction of the arrow. A yielding pull is exerted on the rack bar causing the arm 226 to engageand follow arm 228. The latter arm functions during the early advance of the carriage when the first lines are typed to hold arm 226 and the rack associated therewith from movement except when the carriage advances. After the first line has been typed a tabular bar key is struck to cause the carriage to shift without interference from the escapement mechanism l6 until it strikes a tabular stop designating the point for starting the typing of the second line. when this occurs, a special form of pawl is provided for gripping the finely toothed periphery of wheel 224 and holding the same and the shaft and gear wheel 222 against rotation thus stopping further movement of the rack bars 2 and 208. The result is the arm 226 of the short rack bar 2 and the depending arm I86 are stopped from further movement at the conclusion of the typing of the first or trial line.

In each of the upper and lower rack bars 204 and 208 and the fioatingbar 2l0, there is provided a tabular arm. Each arm is pivoted to its respective bar about a vertical axis. Each bar is provided with a hole therethrough so disposed ad- Jacent to the tabular arm that the arm can be swung therethrough and project from one side of the bar to the other. The tabular arm on bar 204 is indicated at 234, pivoted at 235. The tabular arm on bar 2|0 is indicated at 236'. The tabular or lugs mounted on the carriage. As previously described when the lower rack bar 208 is moved, the floating bar 2" moves one half the distance in the same direction. The

tabular arms

236 and 238 are carried by their respective bars. Since in initial operating position shown in Fig. 10, the tabular arms extend in a vertical alignment they will contrive to be in a straight line at all times as the lower and middle rack bars move relative to the top rack bar.

To selectively operate the tabular arms on the

bars

204, 208, and 210 from the keyboard, control elements are provided which extend parallel to the movement of the tabular arms capable of engaging their respective tabular arms and swinging the same through the holes in the bars. The element associated with tabular arm 234 is 240, the element associated with tabular arm 236 is 242, and the element 244 is associated with tabular arm 238.

These elements are arranged in spaced parallel relationship in a framework comprising side brackets 246 bridged together by a top rod. 248. Each element is supported for swinging movement toward and away from its respective tabular arm. As shown in Figs. 6 and 12, there is associated with each of the tabular

arm operating elements

240, 242 and 244, a pair of rocking arms designated respectively 241, 243 and 245.

which control meanszis attached for rocking the arm from the keyboard of the machine. As shown, one arm 2 is provided with extension 252, one arm 243 with extension 253, and one am 245 with extension 254. Disposed below these extensions and swingable about the axis of shaft 84 are three rocking members 251,258 and 259. Pull rods 256 connect the ends of the

extensions

252, 253 and 254 to the rocking

members

251, 258 and 259 respectively and it is obvious that downward swinging movement of each of said rocking members will cause the rocking arm with which it is associated to swing inwardly and press the element carried thereby against one of the tabular arms and swing the latter into the path of stops previously referred to mounted on the carriage.

' The rocking

members

251, 258 and 259 pivoting about the axis of shaft 84 are mounted for independent swinging movement. Referring to Fig. 2, the outermost. member 259 is fixed to the projecting end of shaft 84. The middle member 258 is secured to a sleeve 260'freely rotatable on shaft 84. The innermost member 251 is fixed to a larger sleeve 262 freely rotatable on sleeve 260. Both sleeves extend along shaft 84 through the .base frame 26 into the interior of the machine. Sleeve 260 is longer than sleeve 262 and projects further into the machine than the latter but is not as long as shaft 84. Secured to the inner ends of each sleeve is a depending operating arm. Referring to Fig. 4, sleeve 260 is provided with a depending arm 261, and sleeve 262 with depending arm 263. The right end of shaft 84 is provided with a depending operating arm 265. These depending operating arms are in alignment with the

tabular keys

264, 266 and 268. The pull rods I I3, I I4 and H5 actuated by the tabular keys are attached respectively to the depending arms 265, 26l and 263. It is thus apparent that each of the tabular

arm operating elements

240, 242 and 244 on the back of the machine are separately operable from the front of the machine by depression of any one of the tabular keys.

Summarizing the operating connections of the tabular-

keys

264, 266 and 266 to the tabular arm operating elements: Tabular key 264 is connected through crank arm I69 and pull rod 113 directly to arm 266 fixed on shaft 34, and thence by way of the arm 269 fixed to the shaft and pull rod 266, as shown in Fig. 4, to the extension 252 which operates the top element 246. Thus the tabular key 264 is associated with the operating element which swings the tabular arm 234 into the path of the carriage. Similarly tabular key 266 is connected through its respective linkages 116, 114 to the smaller sleeve 266. This sleeve as shown in Fig. 4 is connected through

elements

258, 266 and 263 to the middle operating element 242. Thus the tabular bar key 266 controls the operation of the tabular arm 236. The third tabular key 268 is connected through arm 1 I I and pull rod 1 16 to the larger sleeve 262 and then by

elements

251, 266 and 264 to the bottom operating element 244. This enables tabular key 269 to control the operation of the tabular arm 236.

A special form of pawl is provided for engaging the finely toothed periphery of the gear wheel 224 at the time the carriage is shifted to print the second or final line. The pawl is shown at 216 in Fig. 4 and actually consists of three independently swingable fingers of slightly different lengths. The periphery of the gear wheel is provided with very fine teeth with which the fingers engages-The provision of the several fingers on the pawl and the fine teeth on its gear wheel are to provide an instantaneous gripping of the gear wheel to insure that the gear wheel is held without any play particularly during the typing of the final line. A fiat spring 212 preferably split into three sections for individual action on the three fingers of the pawl acts upon thetails 214 of the fingers and resiliently urges the pawls toward the toothed periphery of the wheel 224. A detent 216 engages a part 218 movable with the pawl and acts to releasably hold the latter away from the wheel. This detent is-tripped by linkage extending to the horizontal rocking bar 166 upon which the tabular keys operate and including a pull rod 286 extending downwardly and attached by arm 282 (Fig. 2) to a sleeve 284 freely rotatable on the shaft 84. A downwardly depending arm is secured to the sleeve and a pull rod 266 establishes connection of the arm to the rocking bar 166. Thus when any of the tabular keys on the keyboard are depressed, the gear wheel is instantly gripped by the pawl and heldimmovable until released.

There are mounted on the rear of the carriage four square bars mounted parallel to one another and parallel to the travel of the carriage. The two rear bars are indicated at 296 and 292;. The two front bars are indicated at 294 and 296. All four bars are notched on their opposite sides for receiving U-shaped tabular bar clips 298 similar to those customarily used on ordinary ofllce typewriters. The four square bars are secured to end plates 366 to which they are tensioned by draw nuts 362.

I The top rear bar 296 is provided with a squared sleeve 364. The sleeve is opened on the sides and slotted transversely through the top to receive one of the U-shaped clips 298. This sleeve is connected by a blade 366 racked along its bottom edge to a second squared sleeve 368 on the bar 296. The rack blade is spaced laterally from the forward side of sleeves 364 and 368 by any suitable spacer means in the manner shown in Fig. 5. The last sleeve is adapted to abut the end plate as shown in Fig. 8 and set the clip receiving sleeve 364 in its initial operating position. Likewise mounted on the lower rear ba'r292 is a squared sleeve 316 shaped to receive a U-shaped clip and a second squared sleeve 312. These two sleeves are similarly connected together by a blade 314 disposed on the forward sides of these sleeves below the blade 366 and provided with rack teeth along its top edge.

Referring to Fig. 8 a flat bar 316 extends in the plane of the racks 366 and 314 and carries adjacent one end a pinion 316 meshing with the teeth on the racks. The opposite end of the fiat bar 316 is provided with a guide portion 326 on the top bar 296. It is obvious from the connections of the rack bars to one another through the pinion 318 that movement of the squared sleeves on the lower bar 292 will cause the inter-mediate fiat bar 316 to shift one half the distance of the movement of the lower bar.

Each of the squared sleeves 364 and 316 is provided with stops 01' lugs which project rearwardly therefrom and form tabular stops on the carriage. The stop on the top squared sleeve 364 is indicated at 322, and the stop on the lower squared sleeve 316 at 328. A similar stop or lug 324 is provided in the intermediate flat bar 316.

As shown in Fig. 1 these stops move in a path past the tabular arms, one opposite each tabular arm. When any one of the tabular arms is swung inwardly, it will enter the path of one of the lugs and act as a stop to further advance of the carriage.

The top surfaces of the square bars .296 and 292 are scaled to indicate character space movements of the carriage from zero to any desired length. The usual range will be from zero to 110 to 150 characters. The notches in the sides and top of the square bars are each arranged opposite a character reference line on the scale so that each notch represents a character space. The system of

bars

296 and 292 and associated racks and the pinion 316 are used to preset the desired column width. The trial line of characters will usually be typed within the first 50 characters. As an example, suppose it is desired to type a column of material within a character width of 40 spaces. If the fiftieth character space is selected for starting the typing of the second line, the squared sleeve 364 is fixed at this point on bar 296 by a clip 298. Then since the column width selected is 40 character spaces,

the squared sleeve 316 is manually adjusted along bar 292 until opposite the th character space at whichpoint it is fixed to the bar by a clip 296. The intermediate fiat bar 316 is shifted one half the distance the squared sleeve 316 travels in this adjustment and the stop 324 carried thereby is automatically disposed exactly between the two

other stops

322 and 326. This system of bars provides a normal adjustment for setting off the side'limits of a column of printed material and automatically the center thereof. Once the adjustment is made no further regulation'is necessary until a change in column width is desired. The adjustment once it is set remains unchanged duringthe typing of the column, and

the

stops

322, 324 and 326 maintain their relative positions as they are, carried back and forth by the carriage.

The system of

bars

264, 268, 216 and 214 illustrated in Fig. 10 is different. These bars are continuously varying their positions when the machine is used to print straight line composition or "display" composition. Each time the carriage moves from the starting position of the trial line, the short rack bar 2 I 4 follows the movement of the carriage as previously explained, stopping whenever the carriage stops. This causes the gear wheel 222 to rotate and the lower bar 208 with which it meshes to move relative to the upper fixed bar 204 but in a direction opposite to that of the carriage. The intermediate floating bar 2!!! is likewise moved in a. direction opposite to the carriage but only at one half the rate of the carriage. Thus when the trial line is comtyped as a trial line in the earlier advances of the carriage. During this typing the tabular arm 238 moved in a direction opposite to the carrlage until at the time the end of the line was pleted, the lower rack bar 208 has moved a distance equal to the distance of the travel of the carriage but in an opposite direction, and the floating bar 2 l0 has moved one half the distance of the travel of the carriage but in an opposite direction. The tabular arms carried by these movable bars are also disposed in positions determined by the distance of movement of their respective bars.

The tabular arm 234 on the upper-fixed rack bar 204 maintains its position during the operation of the machine. When pivoted through the hole in its bar, it projects into the path of stop 3.22 carried on the top of square bar 290 and forms a stop for the carriage. Tabular arm operating element 240 will swing this arm into the path of the stop when a tabular key 264 is operated on the keyboard. At the same time this tabular key is operated it rocks the ban! forwardly and exerts a pull on rod I06 tipping the escapement dogs downwardly out of mesh with the star wheel 38. This causes uninterrupted advance of the carriage until the stop 322 abuts the arm 234 and stops further advance of the carriage. After the tabular key is released the arm is withdrawn but before this takes place the escapement mechanism takes over the control of the carriage and prevents further advance unless a key is struck. The machine is now ready for the typing of the trial line in justified condition.

The arm 234 and the stop 322 are used in the typing of justified lines or in the typing of short lines commencing fiush with the left margin.

For example, in the illustration in Fig. 17, the top line of characters was typed in the earlier advancements of the carriage, then the tabular bar key for operating the tabular arm 234 was struck and the carriage shifted quickly until stopped by the arm. It was then in position to type the first letter of the final line. In the meantime the justifying mechanism heretofore described measured for shortage of the trial line with respect to the desired line length and controlled the operations of the escapement mechanism l6 during the typing of the second line to expand the same to the desired column width.

The tabular arm 238 on the movable lower rack bar 208 travels with the .bar a distance equal to but opposite to the distance of travel of the carriage during the typing of the trial line. When projected through the hole provided in its bar, the tabular arm extends into the path of movement of the stop 326 carried by squared sleeve 3I0 on the lower square bar 292 and forms a stop therefor. The tabular arm 238 and the stop 326 are used in the typing of display composition where the line is indented in the column but terminates fiush with the right margin.

With reference to lines 4 of the two columns of printed material in Fig. 17, the line was first reached the arm 238 had moved the same distance'as the carriage but in the opposite direction. In other words, the arm moved a distance equal to the length of the trial line typed. Since the bar 208 moved opposite to the carriage, the tabular arm is disposed the length of the line nearer to the stop 326 which is travelling toward it from the opposite direction. However, the squared sleeve 3"] upon which the stop 326 is carried was predisposed upon the bar 292 at the .point designating the end of the desired line length. During the typing of the trial line the stop advanced only the length of the trial line. Now if the tabular key 268 associated with the arm 238 is depressed, the gear wheel 222 will be frozen against movement preventing further movement of the arm, and the carriage will instantly shift until the stop strikes the arm at which point the carriage is ready to type the final line. The carriage will be found to be exactly the length of the line away from the right margin of the desired column width. Upon retyping this line again the line will terminate flush with the right margin.

The tabular arm 236 carried by the floating bar 210 operates similar to tabular arm 238 previously described but only to one half the extent. Arm 236 when projected through the hole provided in its bar will extend into the path of travel of the stop 324 carried by the intermediate fiat bar 3H5 and will serve as a stop therefor when the carriage is released for uninterrupted advance. The arm 236 and the stop 324 are used for producing display composition wherein a short line is disposed in the cen ter of the column with equal spaces between the opposite ends of the line and the side margin of the column.

With reference to Fig. 17 and particularly lines 2 of both columns, the line was first typed as indicated in the left column as a. trial line. During the typing of this line the flat bar carrying tabular arm 236 moved in a direction opposite to that of the carriage but at one half the rate of the carriage so that at the conclusion of the trial line, the arm had advanced toward the lug one half the distance of the trial line. However, at the time the squared sleeves M0 and 304 were regulated for setting the column width, stop 324 was preset exactly in the middle of the desired line length. When the carriage is released for uninterrupted travel by the tabular key, it shifts until stopped when stop 324 abuts arm 236. As a result of this carriage shift operation, the arm is held against movement and will release the carriage for step by step advance when the tabular key is raised. At this .point the arm has advanced one half the distance of the line toward the stop 324. Since the stop denotes the center of the line, it will be stopped by arm 236 one half the distance ahead of the middle point of the line. Thus when the line is retyped one half the line is on one side of the center of the column and the other half is on the other side of the columns center. The line will therefore be equally indented from the side margins of the column as the second line of the right column incficates in Fig. 17.

It is necessary to return the operating parts to initial operating position at the commencement of the typing of each trial line. This is accomplished by utilizing the return movement of the carriage. Carried on the square bar 233 is a guide member 338 extending for slightly more than one half the length ofcarriage travel. Referring to Fig. 4 this guide/member is provided with a straight face 332 and an inclined face 334. Riding on these faces is a roller 336 carried by a bell crank 338 pivoted at 348. A member 342 is providedwith a sleeve intermediate its ends rotatable about a stud 344 on the back wall of th machine. A pull rod connects the upper end of the'member with the free end of the bell crank 338. The opposite end of the rocking member carries a small .pivoting latching member 348 having two dogging ends'and tensioned by spring 358 to swing in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 4.

Straddling the lever 342 are a pair of members forming a lever 354 pivoted at one end to the stud 344 as shown. To the free end of this lever there is attached a pull rod 356 connected to link 358. A second pull rod 368 also extends from the free end of lever 354 to the swinging lever I58 associated with segment I28. The two members forming the lever 354 are connected together by brace element 352 and this element serves as a stop againstwhich one of the dogging ends of the latching member is adapted to catch. The remaining dogging end of the latching member extends downwardly and is adapted to abut and be tripped by a stop 363 projecting from the rear wall of the machine. to which pull rod 358 is attached extends between the two segments I28 and I22 and is pivotally connected at one end to segment I28 and is loosely connected at the other end to segment I22 by a lost motion connection.

An arm 318 is fixed'to the sleeve upon which the rocking member 342 is mounted for swinging movement about stud 344. This arm is connected by link 312 to lever 314 pivotally journaled on the pin about which the detent 218 swings. These parts function upon return movement of the carriage to swing-detent 218 out of engagement with the toothed periphery of wheel 224 and free the latter for rotation during the typing of the next trial line. A one way connection is provided between the lever 314 and the detent 218 to enable the former to swing counterclockwise in Fig. 4 without affecting the detent but upon clockwis rotation to pick up the detent and disengage it from the wheel 224.

The resetting operation is clearly apparent from the relation of the parts. During the typing of the trial and final lines the roller 336 of the bell crank 338 rides first along the straight edge 332 of guide member 338 and then upwardly along the inclined edge 334. This causes the rocking member to swing in a clockwise direction in Fig. 4 and to swing the latching member 348 inwardly away from stops 383 and 352. At the same time arm 318 and link 312 are pulled downwardly swinging the lever 314. These movements will have no effect upon the justifying mechanism nor upon the controls for spacing the display composition. In the course of typing the trial and final lines, detent 218 will have engaged the .periphery of toothed wheel 224 and lever 354 will have swung inwardly due to the pull exerted by rod 356 as segment I28 swings to measure the amount of line justification necessary.

Upon return movement of the carriage the inclined edge of the guide 338 will cause these parts to move in the opposite direction. Coil The link 358 spring 358 in the meantime will have pulled up the latching member 348 so that the higher dogging end is in position to abut the stop 352 provided on lever 354. As roller 336 rides down the incline 334 and member 342 rocks counterclockwise in Fig. 4 in consequence thereof, the raised dogging end of latch 348 will strike the stop 352 and thrust the lever 354 outwardly. This will tension rods 35B and 368 and return the parts to which they are connected to initial operating position. Stop 363 is so disposed that when the parts have been returned to initial operating position the depending dogging end of latching member 348 strikes stop 363 tripping the member and disengaging it from the stop on lever 354. Lever 354 is thus free to swing inward when the next trial line is typed. At the same time lever 354 is being returned to initial operating position, arm 318 is transmitting its upward rocking movement to lever 314 causing the latter to rotate clockwise in Fig. 4 and due to the one way drive between the lever and detent 218 causes the latter to move away from the wheel 224. Thus the wheel is free to rotate and adjust parts when the next trial line is typed.

As previously described, the swinging arm I52 functions to shift the escapement operating bar I45 on the back of the machine in response to movements of the carriage. Mechanism is provided which causes this arm to shift to position to operate the escapement device associated with segment I28 during the typing of the trial line and to shift to .position to operate the escapement device for segment I22 during the typing of the final or justified line. The mechanism employed is controlled by the guide 338 which, as previously described, functions to control the operation of the resetting elements. As shown in Fig. 16, arm I52 extends inwardly through the back wall 25 of the machine and is attached to a vertical shaft 388. The arm is twisted so that its operating end extends in a vertical plane but the other end attached to the shaft 388 is horizontal.

Shaft 388 extends to a height above the carriage escapement mechanism as shown in Fig. 5 and is provided at its upper end with a horizontal arm 382 carrying a roller 384 which bears against the side of the guide 338 as shown in Fig. 3. Arm 382 is urged outwardly by means not shown such as a spring so that the roller 384 yieldingly bears against the side of guide 338. During the typing of the trial line, roller 384 is in contact with the guide as the latter moves past and is held from outward movement thereby. However, when the carriage is shifted for typing the final line, the guide has moved sufliciently far that the end has passed the roller. The roller and the shaft 388 will therefore rotate in the direction urged and cause arm I52 to shift the bar I45 into position to operate the escapement device associated with the segment I22.

What I claim:

1. In a typeprinting machine having a carriage, type bars, a spacer bar, and means for moving the carriage in step by step manner as said type bars and spacer bar are operated, an automatic justifying device therefor comprising a pair of toothed elements, means exerting a force tending to move said elements, an escapement device associated with each element, control means for said escapement devices operable in response to the operation of said spacer bar to actuate one of the escapement devices and allow the associated element to escape one tooth for each operation of the spacer bar, said control means being displaceable for operating the other escapement device, means for initiating a continuous tabulating movement of the carriage, and means responsive to the operation of said last means for displacing said control means for actuating the other escapement device.

2. In a typewriting machine having a carriage and means for moving said carriage in step .by step manner, an automatic justifying apparatus for the machine comprising, in combination, a pair of toothed members, means exerting a force tending to move said members, an escapement device associated with each member adapted upon actuation to allow the member to escape one tooth at a time, a control for selectively operating said escapement devices, said control operatively associated with said carriage moving means and responsive thereto to operate said escapement devices, means mounting said control for bodily shiftable movement, said control adapted when shifted to one position to be in position to operate one of said escapement devices, and when bodily shifted to another position to operate the other of said escapement devices.

3. A typewriting machine comprising, in combination, a fixed frame, a carriage movable along a path of travel on the frame, type and spacer bars, means for advancing said carriage along said path of travel in step-by-step manner as said type and spacer bars are operated, means for initiating a continuous tabulating movement of said carriage along said path of travel, a tabular stop, means controlled by the initiation of said initiating means for shifting said tabular stop into the path of movement of the carriage to interrupt said movement, means mounting said tabular stop for movement along a path parallel to the path of movement of the carriage, and means operatively associated with the carriage and responsive to the movement thereof for shifting said tabular stop along said path of movement relative to the carriage a distance proportionate to the movement of the carriage but in a direction opposite thereto.

4. A typewriting machine comprising, in combination, a fixed frame, a carriage movable along a path of travel on the frame, means for advancing said carriage along said path of travel, a tabular stop, means mounting said tabular stop for movement along a path of travel parallel to that of the carriage, means causing said tabular stop to move along its path of travel a distance proportionate to the carriage but in a direction opposite thereto, said tabular stop normally allowing the carriage to advance without interruption but being movable laterally into a position to stop the advance thereof, and means under control of the operator for moving said tabular stop into position to stop the carriage at any point to which it may be shifted by said third named means.

5. A typewriting machine comprising, in combination, a fixed frame, a carriage movable along a path of travel on the frame, type and spacer bars, means for-advancing said carriage in stepby-step manner as said type and spacer bars are operated, a tabular stop carried by said frame for stopping the advance of said carriage, means responsive to the step-by-step movement of said carriage for shifting said tabular stop a distance proportionate to the carriage but in a direction opposite thereto, means mounting said tabular stop for movement from an inoperative position where it allows the carriage to advance without interruption to an operative position where it will stop the advance of the carriage, means lnde'r control of the operator for releasing said carriage from the control of said step-by-step advancing means for uninterrupted movement, said last means at the'same time acting to move said tabular stop from inoperative to operative position to stop the uninterrupted advance of the carriage.

6. A typewriting machine comprising, in comblnation, a fixed frame, a carriage movable along a path of travel on the frame, three tabular stops carried by said frame for interrupting the advance of said carriage, means for shifting one of saidtabular stops on the frame a distance equal to the distance of movement of the carriage, and means operatively coupling a second of said tabue lar stops on the frame to said movable tabular stop so that it is shifted a distance equal to onehalf the distance of the first mentioned movable stop, whereby at the conclusion of atypewritten line the three tabular stops on the frame will correspond in position to the start, middle and end of a line typed on the machine.

7. A typewriting machine comprising, in combination, a fixed frame, a carriage movable along a path of travel on the frame, type and spacer bars, means for advancing said carriage along said path of travel in step-by-step manner as said type and spacer bars are operated, three tabular stops carried by said carriage and adjustable to positions corresponding respectively to the start, middle and end of a line of characters of a desired length, three tabular stops carried by said frame adjacent to the path of travel of the carriage, at least two of said last mentioned tabular 7 stops being mounted for movement in a, path parallel to the path of travel-of the carriage but normally spaced from the tabular stops on the carriage so that they do not abut, means operatively coupling one of said movable tabular stops on the frame with the carriage and shifting the same a distance equal to but opposite to the distance of movement of the carriage so that at the completion of a typewritten line it has moved a distance equal to the length of the line and assumes a position corresponding to the start of the line, means operatively coupling a second movable tabular stop on the frame with the tabular stop operatively associated with the carriage and moving the same a distance equal to one-half the distance of movement of the carriage and in a direction opposite thereto so that at the completion of a typewritten line it has moved a distance one-half the length of the line and assumes a position corresponding to the middle of the line, and means under control of the operator for individually shifting each tabular stop on the frame into the path of movement of the tabular stop on the carriage corresponding in position thereto, so that they may abut and stop the movement of the carriage, said means at the same time releasing the carriage from the control of said step-by-step advancing means and allowing the same to travel uninterruptedl until halted by the abutment of the two stops.

8.'In combination with a. printing apparatus having a body movable along a given path, a tabular stop, means mounting said tabular stop for bodily movement along a path parallel to the path of movement of said body, means for disposing said tabular stop in position to interrupt the movement of said body, means for causing said tabular stop to move along its path of movement as said body moves along its path, and means for locking said tabular stop from further movement while said body continues to move along its path.

9. In a printing apparatus having a body movable ln one direction along a track as a line of material is printed, a pair of tabular stops, means mounting said stops for movement relative to said body along paths substantially parallel to said track, means for causing said tabular stops to advance in one direction unequally with respect to one another along their respective paths of movement but proportionate to the advance of said body along its respective path of movement, and means for causing either one of said pair of tabular stops at any point in its advance to interrupt the advance of said body.

10. In a printing apparatus, a fixed body, a body movable relative to said fixed body along a given path of movement, tabular stops mounted on one of said bodies determining the extreme limits of a line of printed material and the center thereof and held against movement relative to the body, tabular stops mounted on the other body for movement parallel to the direction of movement of said movable body, means for advancing said movable stops along their respective paths of movement distances proportionate to advance of said movable body along its path of movement but unequally with respect to one another, and selective control means providing abutment of certain of said fixed and movable stops at any point in the advance of the latter to thereby interrupt the advance of said movable body.

11. In a typeprinting apparatus, a fixed body, a movable body, means for advancing said movable body relative to said fixed body along a path of movement, a set of tabular stops on each body so arranged relative to one another that each stop of the set on the movable body traverses a path of movement which causes it to pass closely adjacent-to one of the stops of the set on the fixed body, means for adjustably holding the set of tabular stops on one body in positions bearing a relation to a given line of typewritten material, means mounting at least two of the tabular stops of the set on the other body for movement relative thereto along separate paths which extend parallel to the path of movement of said movable body, means mounting each tabular stop on one body for sidewise movement into the path of the tabular stop on the other body into which it is adapted to be brought into juxtaposition, means for advancing said movable stops along their respective paths of travel distances proportionate to the distances advanced by said movable body but unequally with respect to one another, and means under control of the operator for selectively causing sidewise movement of said sidewise movable tabular stops into the path of the tabular stops on the other body.

12. In a typewriting machine having a frame and a carriage movable relative thereto along a track, means for imparting a step-by-step advancement to said carriage as typewriting operations are performed, means for initiating a continuous tabulating advancement of said carriage along said track, a set of tabular stops carried .by

said frame, a set of tabular stops carried by said carriage, said sets of tabular stops normally being disposed to clear one another as said carriage advances along said track, means mounting certain positions which will cause each of them to abut a tabular stop in the other set and interrupt the advance of the carriage, means mounting certain of said tabular stops for longitudinal bodily movement along paths parallel to said track, means for advancing said longitudinal bodily movable stops along their respective paths of movement distances proportionate to the distance of stepby-step advancement of the carriage.

13. In a typewriting machine having a carriage, type bars, a spacer bar, and means for moving the carriage in step by step manner as said type bars and spacer bar are operated, an automatic justifying device therefor comprising a pair of toothed elements, means exerting a force tending to move said elements, an escapement device associated with each element and engaging the toothed portion thereof, means for controlling said escapement devices operable in response to the operation of said spacer bar to actuate either one or the other of said escapement devices and allow the associated element to escape one tooth every time the spacer bar is operated, and means regulated by the position of said carriage'determining which of the two escapement devices will be actuated by said control means.

14. In a typewriting machine having a carriage and means for moving said carriage in step by step manner, an automatic justifying apparatus for the machine comprising, in combination, a pair of toothed members, means exerting a force tending to move said members, an escapement device associated with each member and engaging the teeth thereof to allow the member to escape one tooth at a time, means for selectively operating said escapement devices including a control member movable to two positions and adapted in one position to control the actuation .of one of said devices without effecting the other and in the other position to control the other device without efiecting the former device, and means regulated by the position of the carriage in its path of movement for shifting said control member from one position to the other.

15. In combination with a printing apparatus having a body adapted to advance along a given path, a tabular stop for holding said body against movement in one direction along its path of movement, means mounting said tabular stop for bodily movement along a path parallel to the path of movement of said body, means for causing said tabular stop to move along its path of movement as said body moves along its path of movement, control elements for causing step-bystep advance of said body, a tabular control element for causing uninterrupted advance of said body, and means responsive to the operation of said tabular control element for simultaneously causing said body to advance uninterruptedly and to hold said tabular stop against further movement along its path of movement.

16. In combination with a printing apparatus having a body adapted to. advance along a given path, a plurality of tabular stops each capable of holding said body against advancement in one direction along its path of movement, means mounting said tabular stops for movement along paths parallel to the path of movement of said body, means for causing said tabular stops to move along their respective paths proportionate to but opposite to the movement of said body and unequally with respect to one another, typing control keys for causing step-by-step advance of said body, a tabular control bar for causing unof said tabular stops for lateral movement into interrupted advance of said body, and means for