US2205289A - Line justifier for key operated printing machines - Google Patents

Description

`une 18, lz w. J. HAusMAN- LINE JUSTIFIER FOR KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES Filed sept. i5, 195s 5 Sheets-Sheetv 1 w. J. HAusMAN 2,205,289 LINE JUjsTIFII-:R FOR KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. l5. 1938 June 18, 1940. 2,205,289

LINE JUSTIFIER Fon KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES l w. J. HAusMAN Filed Sept. 15, 1958 `5 Sheets-Sheet 3 June 18, '1940. w. J. HAusMAN v LINE JUSTIFIER FQR KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES v Filed Sept. l5, 1938 5 sheets-'sheet 4 www 2,205,289 LINE JUSTIFIER Fon KEY oPERA'ED PRINTING MAcHINEs June 1s, 1940. w. J'. HAUSMAN Filed Sept. '15, 1938 5 Sheena -Shet 5 rif-ica f LINE JUSTIFIER FOR KEY OPEBATED PRINTING:V MACHINE Walter J. Hausman, Washington, D. C., assigner to Burnell Machine Company, Incorporated, Wilmingtom Del., a corporation of Delaware Application September 15, 1938, Serial No. 230,103

1o claims. This invention relatesto new and useful improvements in line justifiers for typewriters or other key operated printing machines.

There are, atthis time, at least so far as the patented art is concerned, three different methods or modes of operation employed in typewriters, and the like, for obtaining the desired spacing for letters and between words. 'I'he most characters are multiples of this unit commonly used and what undoubtedly can be considered as the standard method, involves the allotment of uniform spaces between words and for all letters and charaeters.` As the space allotted for all letters and characters as well as between words is determined by the escapement mechanism, this type ofmachine possesses an escapement which functions to ,permit movement of the carriage a uniform distancel each time a printing key or the spacing bar is' operated. Because of the general ,familiarity with this uniform spacing' type of machine, it is unnecessary to refer to any-specific patent as an illustration.

In recent years there has been placed on the market a typewriter which is capable of printing with a large number of diierent styles and sizes of types by interchangeably employing different type plates. To vaccommodate the different sizes of types, this machine is provided with escapement mechanism which is adjustable to provide two, three or four differentl width spaces, such as ten, twelve, fourteen or sixteen spaces to the inch, depending upon the model machine being considered. When this machine has its escapement mechanism adjusted or set for any one of the different width spaces, its operation then is -the same as that of the .aforementioned standard typewriter; i. e., each letter and character is allotted the same space and the spacer bar operates to provide the same space between words as that allotted to each letter or character. Reference may be made to,Patent No. 1,964,748, issued to Frank H. Trego, on July 3, 1934, for a complete disclosure of this selectively variable, uniform spacing type of machine.

The third method of spacing involves the allotment ofdifferent width spaces for the various letters and characters depending upon the relative widths of the same. This system operates on the principle of providing a certain number of units to the inch or to the line and the spaces allotted to the different wid-th letters and For example, such letters as i, 9' and I, and-the characters or punctuation marks and may (ol. lsv-s4) be allotted a spaceI corresponding to one unit;

such letters as u, n, b, and the like may be allotted a space corresponding to two uni such letters as m, B, L, and the like, may each be allotted a space corresponding to three units, etc. It will be appreciated that this designated allotment of different numbers 'of units to different letters and characters is an arbitrary one and I may be varied according to the designers of the various machines employing this unit space method. In this type of machine, the spacer bar operates to space words, or the like, two or more units The escapement mechanism for this type of machine must, naturally, be capable of allowing the carriage to shift, as the result of operation of each one of theY printing keys, or the spacer bar, a distance corresponding to one,

two, three or four units, depending upon the.

key being actuated. A disclosure of this type of variable or dinerential spacing machine will be found in the patent numbered 1,286,186, and issued to Monroe E. Miller, on November 26, 1918. l

In each one of these three different types-of typewriting machines will be found an escapement mechanism which includes a rack or ratchet bar which is operatively connected to the carriage of the machine. The connection between the rack or ratchet bar and the'carriage usually is such that the said bar partakes of all longitudinal movements of the carriage. The said bar and the carriage, therefore, are concurrently moved one space or lone or more units each time a typing key or spacer bar is operated.

In designing a justifying mechanism which is capable of operating, without modification,

- equally well on all three ofthe above referred key operated printing machines which is capable of-being applied to eaclr one of the above referred to types of typewriters or, in fact, to any type of key operated printing machine which has the travel of its carriage controlled by an escapement mechanism which includes a rack or ratchet bar attached tothe carriage.

Of course, justification of typed lines to provide a straight or uniform right-hand margin is old in the patented art. In all such justifiers, however, the required justification; i. e., the shortening or lengthening of the lines by one or more spaces or units, is calculated on the basis of a line of typing, the length of which corre-- sponds to, or substantially to, the full length of the travel of the carriage. The justification takes place throughout the entire length of such a line. Therefore, if an attempt is made to type' shorter lines than that for which the machine is designed, full justification does not occur. Furthermore, except for the lines where the same amount of justification is to take place, the first and last characters or letters of the various lines are the only ones which are directly placed underneath or'in vertical alignment with each other. 'I'his vertical misalignment of the letters and characters throughout the length of the various lines produces a very undesirable appearance and defeats one of the principal purposes of line justification, i..e., simulation of type set printing matter. In type set printing matter, justification is accomplished in a; zone of less length than the length of the line being produced but by spacing-out or crowding between words. This type of justification arranges all ofthe letters and characters for a certain distance at both ends of each line in vertical alignment with each other, and the fact that justification of lines has been resorted to is not so noticeable to the average observer.

Furthermore, in tabulation work such as the pages of price catalogs, it is customary to place at the left-hand side of the page a column of code numbers or characters which identify the various articles. In the center of such a page,

there are arranged numerous lines o f descriptive matter which describe the articles identified by the code numbers or characters. of course, are separated so as to be individual to the different code numbers or characters. At

the right-hand 'side of the page there is placedv a column containing the sales prices for the various items. The various lines, therefore, will contain numbers at the leftand the right-hand margins and descriptive matter arranged between the numbers. If lines of this character are justified throughout their length, as is necessary with existing justifying mechanisms, the numbers at the leftand right-hand margins of the page will not be vertically aligned.

e ,A further important object of the invention is to provide a line justifying mechanism for key operated printing machines which willV accomplish complete justification of each line within a zone located at the center or middle portion of the line, whereby all letters, numbers, or other characters, arranged in the remaining rightyand left-hand zones will be positioned in true average length for all typed lines. The compo-v.

sition made from the typed material may Ibe enlarged or reduced as desired to produce the proper sized pages in making the photo-lithographie plates. A suitable justifying zone for van average typewritten line, therefore, may be 'I'hese lines,

from 3 to 4 inches in length. It frequently is desirable in producing copies for pamphlets, or the like, to compose a, page with a picture arranged on one side or the other and with a narrow column of printed matter positioned at a side of the picture. The lines in su'ch a narrow column naturally are shorter than the lines which extend the full width of the page and may be only' 3 or 4 inches long. If a fixed `or non-variable justifying zone is provided which is from 3 to 4 inches in lenth, it. would be impossible to justify such short lines and still have end zones of appreciable widths in which the letters and characters are arranged in vertical alignment. Therefore', a justifying zone which is suitable for -an average length line will not be suitable for a line which is approximately as short as or shorter than the justifying zone.

It is a still further important object of this invention to provide line justifying mechanism for key operated printing machines by means of which the width of the justifying zone in a given machine .may be adjusted or varied at the will of the operator to accommodate typed lines. of Widely varying lengths.

. Another object of the invention is to provide a line justifying mechanism for key operated printing machines which may-as readily be applied as an attachment to existing machines as to be built as a permanent part of new machines. In either case, the justifying mechanism will not obstruct or render more difficult the servicing of the printing machine proper.

Otherobjects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following description.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same.

Figure 1 is a top plan view of a typewriting machine with the line 'justifying mechanism embodying this invention applied thereto,

Figures 2 and 3 are rear elevational views which collectively disclose the typewriter and line justifying mechanism illustrated in Fig. l,

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view taken through the typewriter illustrated in Figs. l and 21 Figure 5 is a detail plan view disclosing the manner in which the line justifying mechanism is operatively connected with the carriage and the rack bar of the escapement mechanism,

Figure 6 is a detail vertical sectional View taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 1,

Figure 'I ls a detail vertical sectional view taken on line 1--1 of Fig-5, and

Figure 8 is a schematic view illustrating the scale markings which appear on-the periphery of the dial wheel associated with the setting mechanism of the justifier.

In the drawings, wherein for the purpose of illustration is shown the preferred embodiment of this invention, the line justifying mechanism embodying this invention-has been applied to the selectively variable, uniform spacing type of machine fully disclosed in the above referred to Trego Patent No. 1,964,748. Reference may be had to this patent for any detail features of the typewriter which are not fully illustrated or described herein.

The typewriter machine includes a main frame l0 to which is secured a track I'I upon which is mounted a carriage I2 for travel back and forth transversely of the machine. The carriage is proof the shaft 28, a finger piece 28 is rigidly secured `feeding direction by a spring drum I8 which ls rotatably supported on the machine frame Il and is connected to the carriage by a strap or draw band I1. Letter feeding movements of the carriage are effected upon actuation of the various letter and character printing keys, not shown, and these movements are controlled by escapement mechanism disclosed in Figs. 1, 2 and 4 and designated generally by the reference character I8.

The escapement mechanism includes a pinion element I9, see Figs. l and 4, which is slldably supported on a shaft 28. The pinion element embodies three pinions 2l, 22 and 23 of 'different diametersto' eil'ect variable spacing of the carriage by being selectively placed in engagement with a rack bar 24.' This rack bar is vertically swingably connected to the carriage I2 by means of the arms which are mounted on the opposite ends of. the carriage. -To eiect shifting of the rack bar 24 into mesh with either one of the di'erent diametered pinions 2l, 22 or 23, the rack bar must be elevated to disengage it from one pinion and the pinion element I9 must then be shifted along the shaft 28 to place the selected pinion beneath the rack bar. This is accomplished in the following manner:

Fig. l discloses a lever 28 which is suitably pivotally mounted on the right-hand side of the main frame I8 and partakes of vertical movement. The free end of this lever is provided with a series ofl teeth 21 which are placed in engagement with the teeth of the rack bar 24 when this lever is pivoted upwardly from its normal position. The pivoting of the lever performs the dual function of elevating the rack bar 24 out of engagement with one oi the pinions and holding the carriage against movement in response to the spring drum I6 by the engagement of the teeth 21 with the teeth of the rack bar.

To accomplish raising and lowering of the lever 26 and shifting of the pinion element IS axially to a shaft 29 which is journaled in bearing lugs 33 and 3i formed on the main frame I8. The

shaft 29 is capable of being rocked and shifted axially by the finger piece 28. This rocking and shifting axially of the shaft 29 is accompanied by movement of thefinger piece 23 into and out of escapement wheel, which will be described at a` later point and which is constant, the angular distance of actuation of. the pinions is the same, but the linear distance which the rack may be fed by the various pinions increases as the diameters of the pinions increase.

Fig. 1 discloses the shaft 28 as being pivotally' and rotatably connected at 38 to a lever 31 which is pivoted to a suitable portion of the main frame I9 at 38 and is provided with a forked end 39 provided with diametrically opposite fingers received ment with this Shaft.

therefore, that the carriage I2 is under the 'influ-y 'ence of the spring drum i6 which constantly in the grooved flange 48 which forms an integral part of the pinion element I9. Axial shifting movement of the shaft 29, therefore, results in' axial movement of the pinion element I9 relative to the rack bar 24. Keyed to the shaft 29 is an arm 4I, seeFigs. 1 and 4, 'which underlies the lever 28 and functions to, raise this lever as the shaft 29 isrocked. The extremity of the arm 4I is shaed to underlie the lever 2s during en axial shifting movements of the shaft 29 to which the arm is keyed. e

Fig. 4 discloses the rack bar 24 meshing with the intermediate pinion 22. When in this position, the finger-piece 28 will occupy the slot 33, as shown in Fig. l. If it is desired to shift the pinion element I9 so that the rack bar will mesh with the teeth of the pinion 23, the finger-piece .'23 is moved out of the intermediate slot 33 into the communicating slot 42 of the guide plate 35 and then is moved longitudinally of the slot 42 until it registers with the slot 32, whereupon the linger-piece 28 is shifted into this latter slot. This movement of the finger-piece has first caused the shaft 29 to rock, thereby swinging the lever 4I upwardly to raise the lever 26 into e'ngagement with the rack bar 24 for elevating the teeth of this bar out of mesh with the pinion 22. The longitudinal movement of thev linger-piece 28 through the communicating slot 42 has caused axial movement of, the shaft 29 which results in pivotal movement of the' forked` lever 31. This movement ofthe lever .shifts the pinion element I9 into a position Where the largest pinion 23. underlies the rack bar 24. When the finger-piece 28 is moved into the slot 32, the rack bar is lowered into engagement with the larger pinion 23.

Reverse movement of the pinion element I9 tocause the smallest pinion 2i to mesh with the rack bar 24 will be understood from the above description.

The pinion element I9 is suitably connected to the shaft 29, in a manner not disclosed, so as to cause this shaft to rotate with the pinion element. An escapement wheel 43, see'Figs. l, 2 and 4, is rigidly connected to the shaft 28 for rotary move- It will be appreciated,

tends to rotate the escapement shaft 28 through the medium of the rack bar 24, the pinion element I3, and the connection, not shown, between this pinion element and the escapement shaft 28.

The escapement wheel 43 is normally held against rotation by a loose dog 44, see Fig. 2,-pivoted on a stud 45 carried by an arm 46. This arm 46 is supported at one end on the escapement shaft 28 and at its other end by the mounting 41. Pivoted at 48 is a rockable escapement lever or dog 49 which has at one end an arm 58 engageable with a type key actuating arm 5I. It will be yunderstood that whenever a type key is depressed, the arm 5I is moved downwardly to rock the-escapement lever or dog 49. The spring 52 functions to normally retain the escapement lever or dog 49 in the position best illustrated ln Fig. 2.

The rockable escapement lever or dog 49 is provided with a slot 53 in an upstanding arm of the same into which projects a pin 54 carried by the loose dog 44. 'I'his pin and slot connection results in swinging the dog 44 out of engagement with the `escapement wheel 43 when the escapement lever or dog 43 is rocked about its pivot 48.

A xed dog 58 is secured to theescapement lever or dog 49 and is brought into the path of the teeth of said escapement wheel 43 before the said wheel is released from the loose dog 44. The loose dog 44 is then carried upwardly past the previously engaged tooth of the escapement wheel. This upward movement of the loose dog is effected by the movement of a printing hammer 56, the details of which are not disclosed. It is to be understood, however, that in the Trego machine, the impression on the paper; or the like, is made by the forcing of the paper against the printing type by means of a power operated printing hammer which is represented at 56. Upon releasing of the depressed printing key, the arm 5I is returned to normal, thus permitting the escapement lever or dog 49 to return to its normal position. The loose dog 44 is thus swung back, by the escapement lever or dog 49, into the path of the next succeeding tooth of the escapement wheel,` and the fixed dog 55 is carried out of engagement with the escapement wheel thus permitting the completion of the letter spacing movement of the carriage.- I

There has now been explained enough of the Trego machine to constitute a disclosure of a carriage which is powered for letter spacing movement by a spring drum and which is controlled by an escapement mechanism, including a rack bar to bring about letter spacing movement of the carriage. The escapement mechanism includes shiftable or variable pinion and rack mechanism by means of which the carriage is permitted to shift to provide either ten, twelve provided. To determine how many spaces the various lines of a typed page must be lengthened or shortened, the material to be justified is first typed and in preparing this original copy, the right-hand margin is made as straight or uniform as is possible. The justifying mechanism which is disclosed and described herein is capable of justifying a total of eight spaces to the line which has been determined to be ample justification to take care of all co-nditions. It will be appreciated, however, that the mechanism may be designed to justify a greater or lesser number of spaces if desired. The eight space justification made possible with this mechanism is divided up into a normal or neutral space, two spaces through which a line can be shortened and five spaces through which a line can be lengthened.

The right-hand marginal portion of the first copy of the material to be justified, therefore, is marked off in vertical columns so as to provide a normal or neutral column in which all of the justified lines will terminate. This neutral column must be arranged so that no line of the original or first copy will have any letters or characters which extend more than twol spaces ,With this justifying mechanism, a. special form of rack bar is substituted for the conventional bar. This special bar is illustrated in Figs. 2, 4 and 5 as consisting of an upper section 51 which is' rigidly connected to the previously described end mounting arms 25. This upper bar member 5l is provided with two, or more, longitudinally extending,.spaced slots 58. Underlying the upper rack barsection is a lower section 59 which is provided with teeth to .mesh with the respective pinions 2I, 22 and 23. This lower rack bar section 59 floats orslides relative to the upper rack bar section or longitudinally of the'carriage I2. To allow for this floating movement, a screw 60 passes through one of the slots 58 and is threadedly connected to the lower rack bar section 59. A screw 6I with an apertured head passes through the remaining slot' 58 and is threaded or otherwise connected atits lower end to the toothed rack bar section 59. These two screws 60 .and 6I will hold the lower rack bar section 59 in longitudinal alignment with the upper rack bar section, but Will permit the desired floating movement of the toothed rack bar section.

Rigidly secured to the outer side of the rack supporting arm 25 located at the left-hand end of the carriage I2 is an angle bracket 62. This bracket acts as a support for a bell crank lever 63 which is pivotally mounted to the bracket 62 vby means of the pivot pin or bolt 64. The bell crank lever 63 is formed of two relatively adjustable sections. The main section 65 takes the forin of an elongated arm having a follower roller 66 journaled on and depending from its extremity. Extending along one side edge of the arm 65 is a guide channel 61 which functions in a manner to be described at a later point. The second section or part of the bell crank lever 63 consists of an angular arm 68 through which the pivot pin 64 passes. This angle arm 68 is adjustably connected to the arm 65 by means of a set screw 69 which is threaded into the arm 65 and passes through an arcuate slot 'I0 formed in the arm 68. By loosening the screwv69, the arms 65 and 68 may be angularly adjusted relative to 'each other. The arm 68 is provided with an upstanding branch or flange II through which -passes a pin 12. This pin 'I2 passes through one member 'I3 of a swivel connection which further includes a block 'I4. This block is connected to a link 15 which extends to and passes through the eye of the screw 6I previously described as being connected to the toothed rack section 59. Due to this mechanism which has just been described, it will be appreciated that pivotal movement of the bell crank lever. 63 will result in longitudinal movement of the rack bar section 59 relative to its upper section 51 and the carriage I2. A coil spring 'I6 is connected to the pin 'I2 at one end and to a portion ofthe carriage I2 at its remaining end to spring bias the pin, the bell crank lever, and the rack bar ln one direction. Supplementing the action of' the spring I6 is a leaf spring I'I which is connected to the mounting bracket 62 at one end and bears against the upper swivel element 'I3 at a point adjacent its free end.

As has been explained above, the escapement mechanism I8 will function as a result of actuation of the various type keys to bring about letter spacing movement of the carriage with the letter spacing movement amounting to ten,

twelve, sixteen, or the like, spaces to the inch.-

If the bell crank lever 63 is held in a normal or neutral position during this letter spacing movement of the carriage, the two sections 51 the escapement mechanism I8. If the bell crankl lever 63 is caused to move or swing in one direction asa result of movement of the carriage,

the carriage will be restrained from moving to the same extent as the lower rack bar section 59. If the bell crank lever 63 is caused to move or swing in the opposite direction as a result of letter spacing travel of the carriage, the carriage will bemoved to a greater extent or for a greater distance than the movement ofthe lower rack bar section 59. The bell crank lever 63, therefore, can be moved relative to the carriage to produce a greater or lesser movement of the carriage than the movement of the toothed lower section of the rack bar. to be typed may be lengthened or shortened as desired, 4

To bring about this desired movement of the bellcrank lever 83 relative to the carriage I2 during letter spacing travel of this carriage, the follower roller 66 is caused to travel along one surface of a cam rail which is designated in` itsl entirety bythe reference character '|8 and which extends lengthwise of the direction of travel of the carriage. This cam rail is'made up of an inner section I9 which is longitudinally adjustably connected by the screws 80 and slots 80' (see Figs. 1 and 3) to a part of the main frame I0, an intermediate section 8|, and an outer end section 82. The adjacent ends of these three sections are pivotally connected together by the pins 83.

To support the intermediate and outer sections of the cam rail as well as the 'manual adjusting mechanism for the cam rail, a frame 84 is secured by screws, 'or the like, 85 to the left-hand end of the typewriter main frame I0. A brace member .86 bridges the frame 84 in parallelism with the outer side bar 81 ofsaid frame. A short brace bar 88 is connected at its ends to the brace 86 and the outer frame bar 81 and supports a lvertical plate 89 which is arranged in parallelism with the rear part 90 of the frame 84. Two parallel guide bars 9| are supported by the frame part 90 andthe vertical plate 89. These guide bars are arranged at right' angles to the direction ofv travel of the carriage I2. In Figs. 3 and 6, there is disclosed a slide block 92 supported on the rails or rods 9|. 'I'he outer cam rail section 82 is provided with a longitudinally extending slot v93 in which is slidably positioned a block 99 which is secured to the slide block 92 by a pair of screws, or the like, 95. This type of connection between the slide block 92 and the outer cani rail section 82 permits the cam rail section to move forwardly and rearwardly with the block section 82. This transverse movementv results- In this way, the linesl from the loperation of certain control mechanism f v92 and outer cam rail section longitudinally of the rails or rods 9|, a strap 96 is connected at its inner end lto this slide block 92 and extends to the front of the frame 84 and through a guide plate 9T which is suitably secured to the front bar' of this frame 84. The upper surface of the strip 96 is provided with a series of teeth to form a rack bar 98 which extends longitudinally of the strap- This rack bar meshes with a. pinion 99 which is mounted on a shaft |00journaled in bearing brackets |0| which are secured to.the front rail of the frame 84. An operating knob |02 is fas tened to thel shaft |00 for rotatingthis shaft and its pinion 99 to bring about longitudinalv orneutral position of the variouscam rail sec- I tions.A When the several sections are thus arranged, the carriage |2 may'move throughout its entire range of travel without the bell crank lever 63 being caused to pivot relative to the carriage.

-The carriage, therefore, will partake of the same movements as the toothed sectiony 59 of the rack bar. By rotating the shaft |00 in either Vdirection, the strap 96 will be moved longitudinally Y this section 'I9 in parallelism with the path of V travel ofthe carriage although the slots 80 permit this inner sectionl to movelongitudinally.

Movement of the outer cam 'rail section 82 along the rods 9| will cause the intermediate cam rail section 8| to assume an angular position relative to the path of travel of the carriage. Rotation of the shaft |00 to cause'the strap 96 to move longitudinally inwardly will cause the intermediate cam rail section 8| to assume an angular position extending rearwardly of the path of travel of the carriage. 'Ihe bell crank lever 63, therefore, will partake of a pivotal movement in a clockwise direction, when viewed from above, A

while its follower roller (i6 travels lengthwise of the intermediate cam rail section 8|. 'This clock- |00 is rotated in the opposite direction to cause' the outer cam rail section82 to be moved toward the front of the frame 80| relative to its neutral position (see Fig. l), the intermediate cam rail section 8| will assume an angular position opposite to the one described above or a position in' which it extends toward the front of the' frame 80. When the bell crank lever follower roll 66 travels over the intermediate cam rail` section 8| when the latter ,is in the angular position just described, the bell crank lever 63 will be caused to partake of pivotal movement in a -counterclockwise direction, when viewed from above, as the carriage partakes of letter `spacing movement. This counterclockwise swinging movement of the bell crank lever will retard the movement of the carriage |21 relative to the movement of the toothedrack bar section 59; i. e., the carriage |2'will not move to the same extent as the toothed rack bar section, and the typed line will be shortened. As the intermediate is caused to assume different angular positions relative to the inner and outer sections, the overall length of the three sections varies, and this variation is taken care of by the slots 80'.

Itwill be appreciated that the greater the angularity oi the intermediate cam rail section 8|, the greater the swinging or pivotal movement of thebell crank lever 63 and the greater the justification of the line being typed. Therefore, it becomes necessaryto be able to determine to what extent the intermediate cam rail section 8| should be adjusted to expand or contract the line to be typed one, two or more spaces. This desired degree of adjustment of the intermediate cam rail section, naturally, varies depending upon the adjustment of the escapement mechanism to provide different numbers of spaces per inch. To enable the operator to accurately determine the desired adjustment of the intermediate cam rail section, a dial wheel |03 is secured to the shaft |00. A sight' gauge plate |04 is arranged in the manner illustrated in Figs. 1 and 6 so that its free edge overlies the periphery of the dial wheel. Fig. 8 discloses the scale markings which appear on the periphery of this dial wheel. It will be noted that this figure discloses four peripheral columns of scale readings. The typewriter previously described is capable of being adjusted for ten, twelve and sixteen spaces per inch. Certain models of this type of typewriter are capable of being adjusted to provide ten, twelve, fourteen and sixteen spaces to the inch. The dial wheel |03, therefore, has four peripheral columns to receive scale designations for these four different typewriter settings. The columns for 'the ten, twelve and sixteen spaces to the inch, however, are the only columns to which scale designations. have been applied. It will be noted in Fig. 8 that each column has a line marked N and that these lines are in alignment with each other transversely of the dial wheel periphery. These lines N" all register with the sight gauge edge of the member |04 in Fig. 1. When the dial wheel |03 is in this position,` the three cam rail sections 19, 8| and 82 are in longitudinal alignment with each other and the carriage will partake of the same movements as the lower toothed section 59 of the rack bar. All of the scale lines appearing above the"N lines in Fig. 8 are provided with plus readings. By adjusting the dial wheel |03, so that the proper plus number registers with the free edge of the sight gauge |04, the line being typed will be expanded the number of spaces designated. Fig. 8 also discloses each column as having two lines below the N lines which bear minus numbers. By setting the dial wheel |03 so that one of these minus numbers registers with the sight or gauge edge of the member |04, the line being typed will be reduced in length the number of spaces designated. Of course, when the typewriter is set for ten spaces to the inch, the column of numbers which registers with the number I0 on the free edge of the gauge |04 should be employed. The remaining two columns register with the numbers I2 and I 6 appearing on the gauge |04. 'I'hese two columns should be employed-when the typewriter is set in a condtion to provide either twelve or sixteen spaces to the inch.

As has been noted above, the two end sections 19 and 82 of the cam rail are always arranged inparallelism with the path of travel of the carriage. yEngagement of the bell crank lever follower roller 66 with these two end sections, therefore, will not provide any justification of the line being typed. Justification only occurs when the follower roller 66 of the bell crank lever 63 is' in engagement with the intermediate cam .rail section` 8|. The bell crank lever follower is caused to travel over the adjustable intermediate cam rail section 8| while thetypewriter is operating to print the intermediate or central zone of a line. With the paper receiving the printing matter properly positioned in the carriage, this. justifying zone will be arranged in the middle of the page so that a typed line of average length will have a justied center zone and a' normally spaced zone at each end of the justifying zone.

As has been noted above, it may become desirable to justify lines which are only three or four inches long. A justifying zone of proper length to take care of an average line,'which will be in the neighborhood of '7l/2 inches long, will not be suitable for justifying a much shorter line. To take care of this condition, the drawrail section 8| as being adjustable in length. This intermediate cam rail section is provided with overlapped parts |05 and |06. The upper part |05 is provided with two longitudinally extending slots |01. Screws |08- and |08 pass through these slots and are threaded into the lower part |06. By loosening the screw |08 which has the knurled head, the parts |05 and |06 may be shifted longitudinally relative to each other to lengthen and shorten the intermediate cam rail section. The-screw |08 is left loose enoughso that it only acts as a guide. The extent of adjustability of this intermediate cam rail section, of course, is only limited by the length of the slots |01..

To accomplish adjustment of the section 8|, the auxiliary slide block 94 has secured thereto an upstanding block |09 provided with an internally threaded opening ||0 in which is threaded the screw The outer end portion of this screw is journaled in a bracket ||2 fastened to the end of the outer cam rail section 82. A pin ||3 passes through the screw and is positioned in a slot 4||4 formed in the bracket tudinal movement. A knurled knob ||5 is fastened to the end of the screw and is employed by the operator to effect rotation of the screw. When the length of the cam rail section 8| is to be changed, the operator loosens the screw |08' and turns the scr'ew in the proper direction. Rotation of this screw brings about longitudinal movementv of the outer cam rail section 82 relative to the auxiliary slide block 94. After the length of the intermediate cam rail section has been changed as desired, the screw |08' is tightened down to clamp the two parts |05 and |06, and the justifying mechanism is again ready foruse. may be employed in connection with the parts |05 and |06 to indicate adjustments of the same.

From the above description, it will be appreciated that lines typed on this machine may be lengthened and shortened to the extent of eight spaces and that justification will take place only in the central or intermediate portion of a line.

Any suitable scale or gauge v ings illustrate the central or intermediate cam or the scope of the subjoined claims. f

Having thus described the invention, I claim:

l. In a key operated printing machine. a traveling carriage, escapement mechanism including a bar which is advanced stepby step in response to actuation of the printing keys, a cam controlled element movably mounted on the carriage, means for connecting said element to said bar to cause movements of said element to eiect relative longitudinal adjustments between the carriage and the bar, a cam for controlling the movements of said element having an active surface which is divided into relativelyadjustable sections, and means for adjusting said sections relative to each other to cause the controlling action of one of said sections to effect movement of the element while the controlling actions of the remaining sections result in retaining said element against movement.

2. In a key operated printing machine. av traveling carriage, escapement mechanism including a bar which is advanced step by step in response to actuation of the printing keys. a cam controlled element movably mounted on the carriage, means for connecting said element'to said bar to cause movements of said element to effect relative longitudinal adjustments between the carriage and thebar, a cam for controlling the movements of said element having an active surface which is divided into relatively adjustable sections, and means for variably adjusting said sections relative to each other to cause the controlling action of one of said sections to eiiect diierent degrees of movement of the element while the controlling actions of the remaining sections result in retaining said element against movement.

3. In a key operated printing machine, a traveling carriage, escapement mechanism including a bar which is advanced step by step in response to actuation of the printing keys, a cam controlled element movably mounted on the carriage, means for connecting said element to said bar to cause movements of said element to effect relative longitudinal adjustments between the carriage and the bar, a cam for controlling the movements of said element having an active surface which is divided into relativelyvadjustable sections, means for adjusting. said sections relative to each other to cause the controlllng ac tion of one of said sections to effect movement of the element while the controlling actions of the remaining sections result in retaining said element against movement, and .means for varying the active length of the cam surface section which effects movement of said element.

4. In a key operated printing machine, a traveling carriage, escapement mechanism including a bar which is advanced step by step in response to actuation of the printing keys, a cam controlled element movably mounted on the carriage, means for connecting said element to said bar to cause movements of said element to effect relative longitudinal adjustments between the carriage and the bar, a cam for controlling the movements of said element having an active surface which is divided into relatively adjustable sections,l m'eans for variably adjusting said sections relative to each other to cause the controlling action of one of said sections to effect different degrees of movement of the element while the controlling actions of the remaining sections result in retaining said element against ,movement and means for varying the active length of the cam surface section which ell'ects movement of said element.

5. In a key operated printing machine, a traveling carriage, escapement mechanism including a bar which is advanced step by step in response to actuation of the printing keys, a bell crank lever pivotally mounted on the carriage, a link connecting one arm of the lever to said bar to cause movements of the lever to effect relative longitudinal adjustments between the carriage and said bar, a sectional cam rail arranged lengthwise of the direction of travel of the carriage, a rail follower mounted on the remaining end of said bell crank lever, and means for adjusting said cam rail sections -relative to each other so that one of said sections will be angularly arranged relative to the direction of travel of said carriage to cause pivotal lmovement of the bell crank lever as its follower travels over said section and so'that the remaining sections will be arranged in parallelism with saiddirection of travel so as-to retain said bell crank lever against pivotal movement while its follower travels thereover. l

6. In a key operated printing machine, a traveling carriage, escapement mechanism including a bar which is advanced step by step in response to actuation of the printing keys, a bell crank lever pivotally mounted on the carriage, a link connecting one arm of the lever to said bar to cause movements Vof the lever to effect relative longitudinal adjustments between the carriage and vsaid bar, a sectional cam rail arranged lengththat the middle section will lie in a vertical plane which is angularly arranged relative to the plane in which the carriage travels while the remaining sections will` lie in planes parallel to each other and the plane in which the carriage travels, said angularly arranged section causing pivotall movement of the bell crank lever as its follower travels thereover while said remaining sections function to retain said bell crank lever against pivotal movement.

7. In a key operated printing machine, a traveling carriage, escapement mechanism including a bar which .is advanced step by step in response to actuation of the printing keys, a bell crank lever plvotally mounted on the carriage,

a link connectingone arm of the lever to said barK lat different angular positions relative to the direction of travel of said carriage to cause pivotal movement of the bell crank lever as its follower travels over said sectionand to arr'ange the remaining sections in parallelism with said direction o f travel so asto retain said bell crank lever against'lA pivotal movement while its follower travels thereover.

8. In a key operated printing machine, a

.traveling carriage, escapement mechanism including a bar which is advanced step by step in response to actuation of the printing keys, a bell crank lever pivotally mounted on the carriage, a link connecting one arm of the lever to said bar to cause movements of the lever to eilectrelative longitudinal adjustments between the carriage and said bar, a sectional cam rail arranged lengthwise of the direction of'travel of the carriage, a rail follower mounted on the remaining end of said bell crank lever, and means for adjusting said cam rail sections relative to each other so that one of said sections'will be angularly arranged relative to the dir'ection of travel of said carriage to cause pivotal movement of the bell crank leve'r as its follower travels over said section and so that the remaining sections will be arranged in parallelism with said dir'ec tion of travel so as to retain said bell crank lever against pivotal movement while its follower travels thereover, and means for varying the length of the rail section which may be angularly arranged. n

9. In a key operated printing machine, a traveling carriage, escapement mechanism including a bar which is advanced step by step in response to actuation of the printing keys, a bell crank lever pivotally mounted on the carrlage, a link connecting one arm ofthe lever to said bar to cause movements of the lever to effect relative longitudinal adjustments between the lever as its follower travels thereover while said remaining sections function to retain said bell crank lever against pivotal movement, and means for varying the length of the middle rail section.

10. A justifying attachment for conventional key `operatedprinting machines comprising a one-piece rack bar of the printing .machina means for mounting one of said rack bar parts on the machine carriage to move therewith, means for mounting the other part, which includes the rack teeth, on the rst part for movement longitudinally thereof, a mounting bracket having means for attachingit to one end of the machine carriage to move therewith, axcam controlled element movably mounted on said bracket, means for connectingsaid element to the movable part ofthe rack bar to cause movement of the element to effect movement of said rack bar part relative to itssupporting bar part, an attachment frame having means for mounting the same and arranging it so as to project from an end of the main fr'ame of the printing machine, a cam for controlling the movement of 'said element, as the element travels with -the4 machine carriage, overlying and supported on said attachment frame, said cam having an ac tive surface which is divided into relatively adjustable sections, and means mounted on said attachment frame for effecting' adjustment of said sections relative to each other to cause the controlling action of one of said sections to effect movement of the element while the controlling actions of the remaining sections result in retaining said element against movement.

WALTER J. HAUSMAN.

two-part rack bar to be substituted for the usual

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