US2179637A - Gas producer - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 14, 1939. H. KOPPERS 2,179.637

GAS PRODUCER Filed April 8, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig. 1

H. KOPPERS GAS PRODUCER Nov. 14, 1939.

Filed April 8, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 the grate.

Patented Nov. 14, 1939 UNITED PATENT OFFICE GAS PRODUCER Application April 8, 1936, Serial No. 73,230

' In Germany March 22, 1934 2 Claims.

This invention relates to a gas producer with revolving grate which is provided with openings, through which steam or air can be blown into the fuel charged in the shaft of the gas producer 5 and especially to those gas producers in which the grate openings are connected in pairs or groups to separate distributing chambers individual to the pairs or groups, situated underneath the grate and from which air or steam or a mixture of air and steam is distributed into the openings of the grate.

The main object of my present invention is to provide such improvements in the gas producers that the media, such as air and steam, necessary for gasifying the fuel are uniformly distributed over the whole surface of the grate, quite independently of the differences in resistance to which the reaction gases are subjected in various different areas of the gas producer shaft.

0 Another object of my invention consists in providing the gas producer with means to permit if required, more steam or another media to be introduced into certain zones of the fuel bed of the gas producer shaft above the grate than into other zones without having, however, any unfavourable influence upon the necessary uniform distribution of air and steam in said other zones of the gas producer shaft.

The inventor has found, in connection with a revolving grate gas producer, that the degree of the pressure necessary for forcing the steam or the steam-air mixture through the grate openings into the fuel above the grate is quite different in the middle of the grate from that at the periphery of the grate.

' Furthermore, the inventor has ascertained that the surface of the revolving grate can be dividedup into concentric circular zones of different pressures with regard to pressure at the openings of The pressure drop in each of these zones is uniform whereas the pressure drop from one zone to another alters quite considerably.

The invention based on these tests consists in connecting the grate openings in various circular 4,5 zones of the revolving-grate gas producer in v50 to the various distributing chambers according to the pressure drop in the various grate zones, thus obtaining a uniform distribution of the steam or of the steam-air mixture over the gas producer shaft.

455 Furthermore, the present invention consists in connecting individual sectors of the grate of the gas producer to a special steam supply pipe line in such a way, that these sectors can be charged with more steam than the other parts of the grate. This has the effect that at a full revolu- .5 tion of the revolving grate, each part of the fuel bed above the grate issupplied to a great extent with steam once or several times for a short period. By means of the comparatively large quantity of steam'which penetrates into the fuel 10 at these points, the temperature of the fuel is suddenly reduced and thus the larger ash pieces which may be formed in the fuel bed are broken-up,

, Still further objects of my invention will be 15 apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of my invention on the line of the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the lower portion of a gas producer, 20

Fig. 2 isa plan view partly in horizontal section on line II-II through the grate of the gas producer illustrated in Fig. 1, on a larger scale.

The gas producer as illustrated on the drawings receives at its upper part the fuel which is 25 to be gasified in shaft I, which is formed by a double wall-water-cooled shell 2. The space 3 between the wallsof the shell 2 takes a suitable fcooling liquid for preventing a glowing of the inner wall of the shell. The double shell 2 is provided at the bottom with an essentially cylindrical extension or ash apron 4 which projects freely into the ash pan 5, being arranged underneath the lower shaft opening.

Underneath the bottom 6 of the ash pan, there is provided a number of roller bearings which are arranged on the foundation 8 of the gas producer. The bottom "6 of the ash pan is fitted with a rim 9, lying on the rollers 1. The edge of the ash pan 6 has a worm-wheel-like gear 10,

intowhich engages a worm II, which is likewise supported on the foundation}. This worm is connected with an actuating gear not shown on the drawings. Itlis clear, that by means of the worm ,H, the ash pan can be rotated on the rollers l. Horizontal rollers 12 prevent the slid- 5 ing-oif of the rim 9 of the ash pan during the rotation of the rollers 1..

The grate is arranged on the ash pan. This grate consists of an approximate cylindrical casing l3, on which is arranged a conical hood [4.

In the latter there have been provided openings it, necessary for admitting steam or air or a steam-air mixture into the shaft I. The top [6 of the grate hood i4 is likewise fitted with chan- 5;

nel-like bores i'i, leading from the space underneath the grate into the gas producer shaft.

Several boxes i8 have been arranged underneath the grate hood which are formed by partition walls 29 and bottoms 20. A number of openings 55 of the grate hood lead into each box 38, whereas in the bottom 26 of every box IE there is provided an opening 2d, the free section of which can be altered as desired.

The grate hood itself is, as shown on Fig. 2, composed of various sectors [4a, which are grouped around the star-like base Ila of the grate top 56. The openings |5 of the grate hood are preferably shaped in .the form of slots, which are inclined upwards (see the lower half of Fig. 2) and covered at the outside by rooflike projections 22. The inclined position of the slot openings [5 in connection with the roof-like projections 22 prevents the ash or the fuel from penetrating if the grate during the operation is turned in the direction of the arrow 23. (Fig. 2.) The various sections of the grate hood are connected with one another by screws or in anolher suitable manner and they are fastened to the cylindrical casing l3 of the grate by screws 2%.

The bottom 6 of the ash pan 5 is provided in the center, i. e., in the range of the grate, with an opening 25, which has a cylindrical gassealing edge extension 26, extending downwards for freely rotating in a sealing cup 21, provided underneath the ash pan. The sealing cup 21 is formed by two concentric pipes 28. The pipes 28 are placed on a bottom part 29, lying on the foundation of the gas producer. The space between the pipe pieces 28 is filled with a suitable liquid for sealing and the level is such that the liquid column which can be kept in the space is balanced by the pressure to be maintained inside the grate casing andthe lower edge of the projection 26 always dips into the liquid. At the inside, the interior of the pipe 28 is lined with a heat insulating material for preventing any unsuitable heating of the sealing liquid.

tributing chambers is are made such a size that a certain reduction of the steam-air flow on entering the distribution chambers l8 can take place, the pressure reserve permits a supply uniformly to the various distributing chambers of steam and air even if the openings into one of the chambers are more plugged-up with ash or fuel than the openings into the other chambers.

At two points, lying preferably opposite, the openings of the grate are connected to distribut'ng chambers which are to supply auxiliary steam and air.

For this purpose the openings'Zl of these distributing boxes are connected with the. feeding pipes 32, which run into a common supply pipe on the foundation 8 of the gas producer. An auxiliary air main 38 is connected with the pipe 36. A steam pipeline 39 is provided in the line 38, reaching near below the branches 32 of the pipe 33 and outside the gas producer it protrudes through the pipe 38. The pipe 38 supplies the air and it is governed by a shut-01f and regulating valve. The pipe 39 supplies the steam and is likewise governed by a shut-01f and regulating valve. For simplicitys sake, these valves are not shown on the drawings.

Analogous to the sealing cup 2?, the sealing cup 35 is formed so that even at a maximum pressure of steam or of the steam-air mixture in the pipe 33 the sealing liquid does not sink below the bottom edge of the pipe extension 34 so that, therefore, the inside of the pipe 33 is permanently sealed against the pipe 3|. The connection of one or two sectors of the grate hood to a special steam supply pipe renders it possible to introduce if required a larger quantity of steam through the openings l5 of these sectors than through the other openings 5. The larger quantity of steam suddenly cools down the ash in front of the sector and on account of the sudden cooling-down the larger ash pieces are crushed which may have been formed so that they can be removed, without causing any troubie, through the space between the lower edge of the gas producer shaft 4 and the ash pan 5. Since at one revolution of the grate, allparts of the fuel bed above the grate are successively subjected to an additional larger quantity of steam, there results a uniform destruction of all ash pieces over the whole section. of the grate.

The arrangement of a special steam or steamair mixture supply pipeline for one or several sectors of the grate is of great advantage for a uniform removal of ash and slag from the gas producer shaft and is also advantageous in event, when the remaining grate openings are not connected to special distributing chambers for steam and air.

As already mentioned before, it is essentially important for a successful carrying out of the invention, that the openings 2| of the distributing chambers 18 are suitably adjusted, so that between the inner distributing chambers and the space underneath the grate there exists a suitable pressure drop. The adjustment of the free section of the opening 2| can be made as desired, but preferably in such a way that small slides 43 are pushed before a part of the opening.

.The slide 40 is then fastened in the desired position by means of screws 4| or in another suitable manner. It is of course understood, the

gas producer can be constructed in other respects in any desired way and is provided with usual contrivances for good operation, which for simplicitys sake have not been fully detailed on the drawings.

l have described my present invention in connection with the preferred embodiment thereof, but my invention is limited in all its aspects to the mode of carrying out as described and shown, since the novel features of the invention may be variously embodied within the scope of the following claims.

I claim: 7

1. A gas producer having a revolving grate with openings for diffusion of aeriform fluid into the producer fuel bed zone, arranged in annular zones of different level, the openings in the respective zones of the grate being connected in groups with distributing chambers individual thereto and arranged beneath the diffusion openings, and each of said distributing chambers being connected by ports to a common aeriform fluid supply chamber, the free section of the connecting ports between the distributing chambers and said common supply chamber having such dimension that a pressure drop in the aeriform fluid current will occur as it enters each of the distributing chambers from the common chamber, and an auxiliary aeriiorm fluid supply means for concurrently feeding aeriiorm fluid to the distributing chamber of a localized sector of the grate independently of the supply of aeriform fluid simultaneously from the common chamber to the other distributing chambers of the grate.

2. A gas producer having a revolving grate With openings for diffusion of aeriform fluid into the producer fuel bed zone, arranged in annular zones of different level, the openings in the respective zones of the grate being connected in groups with distributing chambers individual thereto and arranged beneath the diffusion openings, and each of said distributing chambers being connected by ports to a common aeriform fluid supply chamber, the free section of the connecting ports between-the distributing chambers and said common supply chamber having such dimension that a pressure drop in the aeriform fluid current will occur as it enters each of the distributing chambers from the common chamber, and an auxiliary aeriform fluid supply means for concurrently feeding aeriform fluid to distributing chambers for several zones of diametrically opposite localized sectors of the grate independently of the supply of aeriiorm fluid simultaneously from the common chamber to the other distributing chambers of the grate.

HEINRICH KOPPERS.

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