US2172746A - Thermionic valve circuits - Google Patents

Thermionic valve circuits Download PDF

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US2172746A
US2172746A US2172746DA US2172746A US 2172746 A US2172746 A US 2172746A US 2172746D A US2172746D A US 2172746DA US 2172746 A US2172746 A US 2172746A
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anode
grid
condenser
cathode
potential
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
    • H03K4/06—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape
    • H03K4/08—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape
    • H03K4/10—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only
    • H03K4/12—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor
    • H03K4/20—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor using a tube with negative feedback by capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator
    • H03K4/22—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only in which a sawtooth voltage is produced across a capacitor using a tube with negative feedback by capacitor, e.g. Miller integrator combined with transitron, e.g. phantastron, sanatron

Definitions

  • This invention relates to thermionic valve circuit arrangements for use as electrical time period devices.
  • Electrical time period devices are required for 5 many purposes, notably in connection with cathode ray tube television and like systems vwherein a cathode ray is required to be moved within a tube to scan a picture area a predetermined number of times per second and with a predetermined l number of lines per picture, the scanning action being obtained by electric potentials or currents which are fed to electrostatic deflector plates or electro-magnetic deflecting coils provided in the tube structure. It is usual in such cathode ray l tube systems to employ electric time period devices for controlling the periodicities of these scanning potentials or currents and numerous forms of such devices have been proposed.
  • hard electric discharge devices i. e. thermionic valves having electrode systems enclosed in evacuated 50 envelopes.
  • Known electric time period devices of the hard valve type are, however, somewhat complicated and involve the use of at least two valves.
  • the known hard valve type 55 time period devices have been of such a nature (Cl. Z-36) as to involve that the cathode of at least one valve is at relatively high potential-which is obviously undesirable-while the periodic impulselike action has not been so rapid and nearly instantaneous as is often required in practice in tel- 5 evision and like systems.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved electric time period device of the hard valve type wherein only a single valve need be employed and wherein the above men- 10 tioned further disadvantages are avoided.
  • an electrical time base circuit comprises a condenser, means for continuously charging said condenser at a predetermined rate; a thermionic valve having a 15 cathode, an anode and at least three control electrodes for periodically discharging said condenser; means for applying to the anode of said valve a potential depending upon the potential across said condenser; a connection for causing a pulse 20 to be applied to one control electrode of said valve when said anode reaches a potential at which anode current ows; and means interconnecting two other control electrodes of said valve for causing a pulse to be applied to that which is nearer the anode when a pulse occurs on the other of said two control electrodes as a result of the application of a pulse to said one control electrode, said two other control electrodes being between said anode and said one control elec- 30 trode; the whole arrangement being such that the pulse applied to that of the three control electrodes which is nearest the anode is in such direction as to increase the
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of my invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a modication of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically a further modication of Fig. 1. 45
  • an electric time period device comprises a hard thermionic valve V shown as constituted by a pentode having three grids G1, G2, G3 arranged in succession between the cathode F and the anode A.
  • a condenser K 50 of say 0.01 mid. capacity is connected effectively in shunt with the anode-cathode discharge path of the valve, the condenser K being in series with a resistance R1 (which may be adjustable and lfor example of about 5,000 ohms maximum value) circuit 40 between itself and the anode A.
  • the condenser K which is the output condenser (the output terminals are marked O) is charged at a predetermined constant rate through any known form of constant current device at X and the potential of the grid G1 adjacent the cathode is caused to vary in dependence upon the potential across said condenser K said grid being connected to the junction point oi a condenser K1 of say .001 mid., with a resistance R2 of, for example 100,000 ohms which is in series with said condenser K1 between anode and cathode.
  • the second grid G2 is connected to the positive terminal HT-iof the source of positive potential (not shown) through a resistance R3 which may be adjustable and have .a maximum value of about 100,000 ohms while the third grid G3 is connected through a condenser K2 of (say) .001 mfd. to the grid G2 so that said grid G3 receives voltage set up in the resistance R3, said grid G3 being connected to the cathode through a leak R4 of say 250,000 ohms in series l'with a grid bias source (not shown) whose terminals are marked GB- and GB- ⁇ .
  • the Value of the source connected at HT+ and HT- will depend upon design details but 500 volts is quite a practical value.
  • the whole arrangement is such that in the absence of potential across the condenser K the current to the anode of the valve from the cathode thereof is substantially zero, While, as the potential across said condenser rises, the relative potentials on the succession of grids between cathode and anode change until a point is reached when substantial anode current suddenly ows.
  • valve V is a so-called pentagrid having a cathode F, and anode A and ve grid electrodes G1 G2 G3 G4 and G5 arranged in succession in the electron stream therebetween.
  • the rst grid G1 is connected to the cathode through a resistance R2 of about 100,000 ohms and is also connected to the anode through a condenser K1 of about 0.001 mfd.
  • anode of the valve is connected through a preferably variable resistance R1 of about 5,000 ohms in series ⁇ with a constant current device X of any known form, to a source of anode potential (not shown) at I-IT-l and the junction point of X with R1 is connected to the cathode F through a condenser K of about 0.01 microfarad which (like the similar condenser K of Figure 1) acts as the output condenser and is gradually and rectilinearly charged through said constant current device X, the output terminals of the whole arrangement being constituted by the terminals of this condenser K.
  • the grid G2 is connected through a resistance R3 (preferably adjustable) of about 100,000 ohms tothe source of anode potential (not shown) at HT-land is also connected through a condenser K2 of about 0.001 mfd. to the fourth grid G3 which is connected through a resistance R4 of about 250,000 ohms in series with a source of negative bias potential (not shown) to the cathode F.
  • R3 preferably adjustable
  • the fourth grid G3 which is connected through a resistance R4 of about 250,000 ohms in series with a source of negative bias potential (not shown) to the cathode F.
  • These screen grids which are the third and fifth grids, are connected together, for example within the valve envelope, and connected to the source of anode potential at HT-lthrough a resistance R5 of about 50,000 ohms and which may be adjustable.
  • the resistance R1 is preferably made adjustable in order tol enable the best relaxation conditions for the whole arrangement to be obalvajrzlc tained.
  • Synchronising pulses are applied at the terminals I and are applied to the third and fifth grids through condenser K3.
  • FIG. 3 An arrangement much like that of Figure 2 except that the condenser K is omitted is shown in Figure 3.
  • the positive and negative terminals of the high voltage supply e. g. 2,000 volts
  • the positive and negative terminals of the screen grid voltage supply e. g. 500 volts
  • R is a high resistance.
  • the cathode ray may (if desired) be suppressed during the discharge periods by applying a pulse from ⁇ the anode circuit of the valve shown in Figure 3 which pulse may be obtained from across the resistance Re to the control grid of the cathode ray tube.
  • the terminal marked HT1- will be negative with respect to the other side of the resistor Re connected to the cathode of the tube, so that during the time when anode current ows, a connection from the terminal HT1 to the control electrode of a cathode ray tube and a connection from the terminal H'Iz-Y to the cathode of a cathode ray tube, will impress a negative voltage on the grid to cut off the beam. It will be appreciated that it is necessary to supply two separate sources of potential I-lTz and I-IT1 in View of the fact that there must be complete independence between the input terminals I at which the synchronizing pulses are inserted and the output terminals O.
  • the voltage supply I-IT1 is not grounded, but is connected to the resistor Re to ground or cathode potential. Under these conditions, the flow of anode current through R6 produces a negative potential which may be utilized as described above to supply such negative potential to the control grid of the cathode ray tube to suppress the beam during the synchronizing interval. Since the negative terminal of the supply HT1 must be above cathode potential, while the negative terminal of the voltage supply HTz must be at cathode potential, it is clear that separate power supplies arenecessary.
  • This pulse exerts a control action upon the electron stream in the valve and produces a pulse upon a second grid which is nearer the anode than said one grid, the pulse upon said second grid being transferred to a third grid which is still nearer the anode.
  • the result of this transfer of the pulse through the electron stream of the valve is to bring about a phase reversal such that the pulse upon the third grid is in such direction as to increase the anode current. In this way a cumulative accelerating action upon the rate of discharge of the condenser is obtained and the discharge proceeds until the anode potential again falls to a cut-off value.
  • a saw-tooth oscillator comprising a condenser, means for continuously charging the condenser at substantially a constant rate to a predetermined value of potential, a thermionic tube having a cathode, an anode and a plurality of grids exceeding two in register between said anode and cathode, means to control the potential of the grid nearest the cathode in accordance with the potential of the condenser, a connection from the charging means to the anode to control the anode potential in accordance with the potential of the condenser, biasing meansto prevent anode current from flowing until the anode potential reachesl said predetermined value of potential, a condenser connected between the grid adjacent to the grid nearest the cathode and one of the other grids, a circuit connected between the grid adjacent the grid nearest the cathode and the cathode, and terminal means to derive output energy from the condenser.
  • a saw-tooth oscillator comprising a ccndenser, means for continuously charging the condenser at substantially a constant rate to a predetermined Value of potential, a thermionic tube having a cathode, an anode and a plurality of grids exceeding two in register between said anode and cathode, a second condenser connected in series with a resistance between the anode and the cathode, a connection between the junction point of the resistance and second condenser to the grid nearest the cathode, a circuit between the anode and the charging means, a condenser connected between the grid adjacent to the grid nearest the cathode and one of the other grids, biasing means connected between the cathode and the third named grid, a circuit connected between the grid adjacent the grid nearest the cathode and the cathode, and terminal means to derive output energy from the rst named condenser.
  • a saw-tooth oscillator comprising a condenser, means for continuously charging the condenser at substantially a constant rate to a predetermined value of potential, a thermionic tube having a cathode, an anode and a plurality of grids exceeding two in register between said anode and cathode, a second condenser connected in series with a resistance between the anode and the cathode, a connection between the junction point of the resistance and second condenser to the grid nearest the cathode, a circuit between the anode and the charging means, a
  • biasing means connected between the cathode and the third named grid, a circuit connected between the grid adjacent the grid nearest the cathode and the cathode, a fourth grid intermediate the second and third named grids, a fth grid intermediate the anode and the .third named grid, means to supply synchronizing impulses to the fourth and fth grids, and terminal means to derive output energy from the rst named condenser.
  • a saw-tooth oscillator comprising a condenser, means for continuously charging the condenser at substantially a constant rate to a predetermined value of potential, a thermionic tube having a cathode, an anode and a plurality of grids exceeding two in register between said anode and cathode, means to control the potential of the grid nearest the cathode in accordance with the potential of the condenser, a connection from the charging means to the anode to control the anode potential in accordance with the potential of the condenser, biasing means to prevent anode current from owing until the anode potential reaches said predetermined value of potential, a condenser connected between the grid adjacent to the grid nearest the cathode and one of the other grids, a circuit connected between the grid adjacent the grid nearest the cathode and the cathode, a fourth grid intermediate the second and third named, grids, a fth grid intermediate the anode and the third named grid, means to supply
  • a saw-tooth oscillator comprising a condenser, means for continuously charging the condenser at substantially a constant rate to a predetermined value of potential, a thermionic tube having a cathode, an anode and a plurality of grids exceeding two in register between said anode and cathode, means to control the potential of the grid nearest the cathode in accordance with the potential of the condenser, a connection from the charging means to the anode to control the anode potential in accordance with the potential of the condenser, biasing means to prevent anode current from owing until the anode potential reaches said predetermined value of potential, a condenser connected between the grid adjacent to the grid nearest the cathode and one of the other grids, a circuit connected between the grid adjacent the grid nearest the cathode and the cathode, a fourth grid intermediate the second and third named grids, a fifth grid intermediate the anode and the third named grid, means to supply synchronizing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
US2172746D 1934-03-29 Thermionic valve circuits Expired - Lifetime US2172746A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9860/34A GB435816A (en) 1934-03-29 1934-03-29 Improvements in or relating to thermionic valve circuit arrangements for use as electrical time period devices

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BE (1) BE408685A (de)
DE (1) DE757114C (de)
GB (1) GB435816A (de)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508879A (en) * 1944-11-27 1950-05-23 Herbert I Zagor Sweep voltage generator
US2522957A (en) * 1942-06-27 1950-09-19 Rca Corp Triangular signal generator
US2542991A (en) * 1945-03-01 1951-02-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Pulse modulation communication system
US2544017A (en) * 1939-10-07 1951-03-06 Golicke Roman Oscillator circuit arrangement
US2552949A (en) * 1944-04-19 1951-05-15 Cossor Ltd A C Wave-form generator
US2564687A (en) * 1946-03-26 1951-08-21 John H Guenther Pulse time modulation
US2653232A (en) * 1950-06-06 1953-09-22 Pierce W Siglin Range measuring apparatus
US2745959A (en) * 1952-10-24 1956-05-15 Raytheon Mfg Co Trigger circuits
US2755385A (en) * 1953-03-27 1956-07-17 John R Parsons Pulsing oscillator
US2764690A (en) * 1954-05-11 1956-09-25 Joseph F Brumbaugh Low frequency triangular waveform generator
US2870411A (en) * 1953-04-21 1959-01-20 Honeywell Regulator Co Frequency modulated oscillator
US2871357A (en) * 1957-01-18 1959-01-27 Gen Electric Saw-tooth wave generator
US2891149A (en) * 1954-05-03 1959-06-16 Hughes Aircraft Co Pulse rate measuring circuit
US2905817A (en) * 1955-09-09 1959-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Sweep generator
US2924787A (en) * 1956-12-06 1960-02-09 Albert R Diem Oscillator
US2995744A (en) * 1955-01-20 1961-08-08 Rca Corp Automatic correction circuit for stored electrical data

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE757831C (de) * 1937-01-20 1958-04-24 Fernseh Gmbh Verfahren zur Synchronisierung von Einroehrenstromkippgeraeten
DE916561C (de) * 1937-03-10 1954-08-12 Fernseh Gmbh Kippschaltung mit Mehrgitterroehre

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE472128C (de) * 1926-01-12 1929-02-23 Philips Nv Mehrfachschwingungserzeuger
US1869500A (en) * 1930-02-11 1932-08-02 Robert M Page Relaxation circuit oscillator

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2544017A (en) * 1939-10-07 1951-03-06 Golicke Roman Oscillator circuit arrangement
US2522957A (en) * 1942-06-27 1950-09-19 Rca Corp Triangular signal generator
US2552949A (en) * 1944-04-19 1951-05-15 Cossor Ltd A C Wave-form generator
US2508879A (en) * 1944-11-27 1950-05-23 Herbert I Zagor Sweep voltage generator
US2542991A (en) * 1945-03-01 1951-02-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Pulse modulation communication system
US2564687A (en) * 1946-03-26 1951-08-21 John H Guenther Pulse time modulation
US2653232A (en) * 1950-06-06 1953-09-22 Pierce W Siglin Range measuring apparatus
US2745959A (en) * 1952-10-24 1956-05-15 Raytheon Mfg Co Trigger circuits
US2755385A (en) * 1953-03-27 1956-07-17 John R Parsons Pulsing oscillator
US2870411A (en) * 1953-04-21 1959-01-20 Honeywell Regulator Co Frequency modulated oscillator
US2891149A (en) * 1954-05-03 1959-06-16 Hughes Aircraft Co Pulse rate measuring circuit
US2764690A (en) * 1954-05-11 1956-09-25 Joseph F Brumbaugh Low frequency triangular waveform generator
US2995744A (en) * 1955-01-20 1961-08-08 Rca Corp Automatic correction circuit for stored electrical data
US2905817A (en) * 1955-09-09 1959-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Sweep generator
US2924787A (en) * 1956-12-06 1960-02-09 Albert R Diem Oscillator
US2871357A (en) * 1957-01-18 1959-01-27 Gen Electric Saw-tooth wave generator

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GB435816A (en) 1935-09-30
BE408685A (de)
DE757114C (de) 1952-08-21

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