US2167368A - Electric wave amplifying system - Google Patents

Electric wave amplifying system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2167368A
US2167368A US169116A US16911637A US2167368A US 2167368 A US2167368 A US 2167368A US 169116 A US169116 A US 169116A US 16911637 A US16911637 A US 16911637A US 2167368 A US2167368 A US 2167368A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
feedback
series
amplifier
shunt
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US169116A
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English (en)
Inventor
Stanley T Meyers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL57896D priority Critical patent/NL57896C/xx
Priority claimed from US114400A external-priority patent/US2167367A/en
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US169116A priority patent/US2167368A/en
Priority to GB33553/37A priority patent/GB493671A/en
Priority to FR833279D priority patent/FR833279A/fr
Priority to DEW3456D priority patent/DE878383C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2167368A publication Critical patent/US2167368A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/34—Negative-feedback-circuit arrangements with or without positive feedback
    • H03F1/36—Negative-feedback-circuit arrangements with or without positive feedback in discharge-tube amplifiers

Definitions

  • Objects of the invention are to control transmission properties of such systems, as for example, transmission efficiency, distortion, feedback, and impedances, and relations of such properties insuch systems;
  • the invention is a system comprising a simple amplifier which has negative or gain-reducing feedbacks that reduce distortion and render theinsertion gain of the amplifier independent of frequency.
  • the feedbacks may be, for example, a shunt-- series negative feedback and a series-shunt negative feedback.
  • A' shunt-series feedback here refer's'to a feedbackthat is shunt feedback at the amplifier input and series feedback at the amplifier output;
  • a series-shunt feedback refers to a feedback that is series feedback at the amplifier input and shunt feedback at the amplifier output
  • the shunt-series feedback may be obtained,
  • the series-shunt feedback may be obtained, for example, by a feedback coil in series in the input circuit and inductively related to the windings of an output transformer for the amplifier.
  • the insertion gain of the amplifier can be made independent of frequency and the amplifier.
  • pedances ZA and ZB determined by and equal to the attached impedances Z2 and Z1, respectively, of the outgoing and incoming lines or circuits.
  • the transparency is a very useful property, for example, where it is desired to insert amplification in a circuit such as a filter or a long trans- 'mission line without disturbing the impedance conditions.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuitdiagram of a wave amplifying system embodyinga form of the invention employing shunt-series and series-shunt feedkslz t Figs; 1A andlB'show modifications-of the system of'Fig. 1;
  • Fig. '2 is a' circuit diagram of another wave amplifying system embodyinga form of the invention employing shunt-series and series-shunt feedbacks;
  • Fig. 2A shows a modification of the system of Fig.2.
  • the system of Fig. 1 comprises an amplifier whose amplifying path may be, for example, an amplifyingelemerit l of the vacuum tube type having a single vacuum tube stage or any desired number .of tandemconnected stages, G and P- designating the grid of the first tube and the plate of the last tube.
  • the amplifier may be, for example, a stabilized feedback amplifier of the general type in which a portion of the output wave is fed back in gainreducing phase and in amount sufiicient to reduce distortion below the distortion level without feedback.
  • Such feedback is disclosed, for eX- ample; in HS. Black Patent No. 2,102,671, De-
  • Path 6 comprises a feedback coil m2 of mg active turns on transformer 2.
  • This coil m2 is in series with winding 11.1, and provides shunt-series negative feedback. Any parasitic series-series feedback which it produces does not materially affect the operation of the circuit provided such feedback is small compared to the shunt-series and series-shunt feedbacks.
  • Path 1 comprises a feedback coil m of m active turns on transformer 5. This coil n2 is in series with winding m3, and provides series-shunt negative feedback.
  • a C-battery B for providing negative grid bias is shown in the lead from the lower end of coil M.
  • a B-battery 9 is shown for supplying space current. If desired, any seriesseries feedback produced by the impedance of coil m2 can be avoided by shifting the connection of the positive terminal of battery 8 to the cathode.
  • the amplifying path of the amplifier referred to as the ,u-circuit, and the feedback circuits may be referred to as the B-circuits, or the Si-circuit 6 and the biz-circuit 1, the significance of ,u and B being as indicated in the patent and article mentioned above.
  • the feedback through path B may be, for example, negative feedback with m81 1 and the feedback through path I may be, for example, negative feedback with 32 1.
  • the coupling between 1212 and mi, and also the coupling between 11.2 and n3, is as close as practicable. coupling, the more nearly complete will be the correction that the feedback produces in the' transformer distortion (e. g., the modulation produced in the transformers and the distortion due to variation of the transmission efiiciency of the transformers with frequency);
  • the input impedance with feedback is n; 2 n oi- 45 i-l hway] where R0 is the plate impedance in the last tube. .
  • the equation may be simplified and the input impedance becomes:
  • the gain and input and output impedances may be made to have the values indi-.
  • circuit 3 former distortion as for example the modulation and the distortion due to variation of the transmission efliciency of the transformers with frequency
  • circuit 3 former distortion as for example the modulation and the distortion due to variation of the transmission efliciency of the transformers with frequency
  • the variation of the impedances of the transformers with frequency is more effectively reduced by thefeedback, so ZA, Zn and aremore direct functions oftheturns ratios.
  • an A-battery vl3 supplies heating current for the amplifier filament.
  • current for heating the filament can be supplied from battery l4 over the line or cable L in which the amplifier is connected. This can be done by closing switches I2, closing switches H on their upper contacts, and closing switches ID on their outer contacts.
  • Coils l5 and I6, through which the direct current from battery I4 is simplexed over the line L, are balanced to ground; as are the line windings m1 and n and feedback windings m2 and m of the transformers 2' and 5' which correspond to transformers 2 and 5 of Fig. 1A.
  • the centers of the feedback windings m2 and 122 can be tied together through switches l I and I0 and the amplifier filament, for supplying filament heating current from battery M as just described, or can be grounded together at switches II with switches I2 thenopen and current for heating the amplifier filament then supplied by battery l3 through switches [0 closed on their inner contacts.
  • the amplifier is bilaterally transmitting. It can pass waves to be transmitted from Z2 to Z1, for example, where two-way transmission through the amplifier is desired. However, where it has a gain in one direction, it introduces an equal loss in the other direction.
  • Fig. 1A The properties of the circuit of Fig. 1A pointed out above can be obtained without the auxiliary windings on the transformers, by employing resistance connections, for example as shown in Fig. 2.
  • a resistance 58 is included in series with Z1
  • a resistance 59 is included in series with Z2.
  • and 62 form a feedback path P1 providing shunt-series negative feedback; and conductors 62 and 63 form a feedback path P2 providing series-shunt negative feedback.
  • Resistances 64, 65 and 66 are included in conductors 6
  • Fig. 2a shows a modification of Fig. 2 in which a circuit balanced with respect to ground is obtained by placing the feedback connections symmetrical With respect to the line impedances.
  • a resistance 1' is connected in series with winding 1121, between the two halves of the winding, and a similar resistance r is connected in series with winding n3, between the two halves of the winding.
  • Conductors H and 12 form a feedback path F1 providing shunt-series negative feedback; and conductors 13 and 14 form a feedback path F2 providing series-shunt negative feedback.
  • Resistances R are included in the respective conductors H, 12, 13 and 14. These resistances, as well as the resistances r, are shown as variable.
  • a wave amplifying device having input and output circuits, a Wave source for association with said input circuit, an input transformer having a 5 primary winding connected to said source and a secondary winding connected to said input circuit, a load circuit for said device, an output transformer having a primary winding connected to said output circuit and a secondary winding connected to said load circuit,'means for producing negative feedback in said device through the firstmentioned primary and secondary windings, said means comprising an impedance in serial relation to said first-mentioned primary winding with respect to said wave source and effectively in shunt relation to said load circuit with respect to said output circuit, and means for producing negative feedback in said device of voltage induced in said second-mentioned secondary Winding by current from said output circuit flowing in said secondmentioned primary winding, said latter means comprising an impedance in serial relation to said load circuit with respect to said second-mentioned secondary winding and effectively in shunt relation'to said input circuit with respect to said source.
  • a wave transmission system comprising a wave amplifying device having input and output circuits, a wave source, an input transformer for associating said source with said input circuit, a load circuit, an output transformer for associating said output circuit with said load circuit, and means transmitting waves from said output circuit to said source and producing gain-reducing feedback in said device through each of said transformers, said means comprising an impedance connected effectively in shunt relation to said input circuit with respect to said source and connected in series with said secondary winding of said-output transformer and said load circuit, and an impedance connected in series with said primary winding of said input transformer and said source and connected effectively in shunt relation to said load circuit with respect to said output circuit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
US169116A 1936-12-05 1937-10-15 Electric wave amplifying system Expired - Lifetime US2167368A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL57896D NL57896C (de) 1936-12-05
US169116A US2167368A (en) 1936-12-05 1937-10-15 Electric wave amplifying system
GB33553/37A GB493671A (en) 1936-12-05 1937-12-03 Thermionic amplifiers
FR833279D FR833279A (fr) 1936-12-05 1937-12-04 Systèmes amplificateurs ou dispositifs analogues
DEW3456D DE878383C (de) 1936-12-05 1937-12-07 Verstaerkeranordnung

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US114400A US2167367A (en) 1936-12-05 1936-12-05 Electric wave amplifying system
US169116A US2167368A (en) 1936-12-05 1937-10-15 Electric wave amplifying system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2167368A true US2167368A (en) 1939-07-25

Family

ID=26812139

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US169116A Expired - Lifetime US2167368A (en) 1936-12-05 1937-10-15 Electric wave amplifying system

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2167368A (de)
DE (1) DE878383C (de)
FR (1) FR833279A (de)
GB (1) GB493671A (de)
NL (1) NL57896C (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2440786A (en) * 1943-06-30 1948-05-04 Rca Corp Cathode-ray beam deflecting circuits
US2752433A (en) * 1948-06-30 1956-06-26 Emi Ltd Negative feedback amplifiers
US3065429A (en) * 1958-04-25 1962-11-20 Lorain Prod Corp Direct current to alternating current converter
US3088076A (en) * 1958-11-17 1963-04-30 Honeywell Regulator Co Electronic apparatus
US3089097A (en) * 1959-03-23 1963-05-07 Cons Electrodynamics Corp Direct current amplifiers
US3440553A (en) * 1965-01-06 1969-04-22 Marconi Co Ltd Transistor amplifiers having both current and voltage responsive feedback provisions

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE518901A (de) * 1952-09-19

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB317005A (en) * 1928-08-08 1930-10-22 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electric signal wave amplifying and translation systems
BE403982A (de) * 1933-11-11
AT144200B (de) * 1934-03-28 1935-12-27 Telefunken Gmbh Rückgekoppelte Verstärkerschaltung.

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2440786A (en) * 1943-06-30 1948-05-04 Rca Corp Cathode-ray beam deflecting circuits
US2752433A (en) * 1948-06-30 1956-06-26 Emi Ltd Negative feedback amplifiers
US3065429A (en) * 1958-04-25 1962-11-20 Lorain Prod Corp Direct current to alternating current converter
US3088076A (en) * 1958-11-17 1963-04-30 Honeywell Regulator Co Electronic apparatus
US3089097A (en) * 1959-03-23 1963-05-07 Cons Electrodynamics Corp Direct current amplifiers
US3440553A (en) * 1965-01-06 1969-04-22 Marconi Co Ltd Transistor amplifiers having both current and voltage responsive feedback provisions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE878383C (de) 1953-06-01
NL57896C (de)
FR833279A (fr) 1938-10-18
GB493671A (en) 1938-10-12

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