US2166250A - Method of coating metallic materials - Google Patents

Method of coating metallic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US2166250A
US2166250A US72425A US7242536A US2166250A US 2166250 A US2166250 A US 2166250A US 72425 A US72425 A US 72425A US 7242536 A US7242536 A US 7242536A US 2166250 A US2166250 A US 2166250A
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bath
coating
article
zinc
coated article
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US72425A
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Joseph L Herman
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Priority to US98607A priority patent/US2166251A/en
Priority to BE419772A priority patent/BE419772A/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • an object of the present invention is to provide a galvanized article or a coating for articles or materials capable of wide and practical uses.
  • utensil handles or,'in fact, domestic uses where bright appearance is aesthetically desirable, a substantial iron content will be in part objectionable because of its effect in dulling the appearance.
  • the dulling effect is frequently the result of oxides taken up by the wire from the bath or created after removing the wire from the bath, so that for this reason, among others, it'is desirable to eliminate to the greatest possible extent the presence of oxides in the coating; other reasons being that oxides in the coating create difficulties attending bending, twisting,
  • a galvanized article will be illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof and properly designated to show the base product, as a wire, strip, plate, or fragmentary part of an article or device, and-the coating and constituents thereof as applied to the base product.
  • FIG. 1 is a true representation of a cross-sectional view, transverse or longitudinal (they being substantially the same in appearance), magnified approximately 1000 times with respect to the normal construction of which the section is taken.
  • This sectional view portrays a galvanized article created by my improved method, and which possesses all of the structural characteristics hereinabove enumerated in connection with the example of galvanized wire.
  • the base product denominated Iron or steel article is representative of an article that has been coated, irrespective of its shape, contour, or purpose; the illustration, while having been taken from a wire, being equally appropriate to the other materials and articles to which reference has been made.
  • the coating as an entirety is denominated Coating and comprises the entire mass which adherently attaches to the base.
  • the coating while integral throughout, is divided into relatively localized areas of substantially pure and relatively impure zinc zones, and as combined the coating is of substantial depth or what may be styled a heavy coating of dense character with a smooth exterior surface, the surface and body of the coating being free from voids.
  • the different zones of the coating are respectively denominated "Pure zinc, and
  • Zinc-iron alloy and crystals A comparison of these areas shows that the zone of zinc-iron alloy and crystals is very small as compared to the relatively large or predominating area of pure zinc.
  • the period of time of sub-' mersion of the'article in the bath should be minimized and the article withdrawn, after dipping relatively quickly, as compared to the usual practices, wherein the run or movement of the coated article, after leaving the molten bath, tends in an upward direction, and consequently the slower the movement the more the opportunity for the coating to flow back towards or into the bath, thereby lessening the thickness of the coating.
  • the first step in my method is suitably termed the step of immersion of the article in the molten zinc bath, by moving the article into and out of said bath rapidly, as compared to the prior art; or, defining the same in approximate figures, I have found that in satisfactory instances the immersion may be of a duration of about five seconds,although favorable results may be accomplished in even less time, say around three seconds, or in instances perhaps a little longer than five seconds, all as contrasted with the best commercial method of hot galvanizing of which I am aware and in which, for example, attempts to obtain a coating of eight-tenths of .an ounce on a No.
  • the zinc bath for practical purposes may be of a temperature from approximately 800-830 F.
  • my coating of substantial depth or heavy character obtained and maintained by the short duration of bath and the relatively quick withdrawing movement of the coated article is enabled by the utilization of a degree of heat very close to the melting point of the bath.
  • Excessive heat therebeyond, or the increase of heat as used in the old practices, of about 70 F. was unnecessary, resulted in the loss of heat, and because of its influence in the formation of the zinc-iron alloy, was harmful to the ultimate product for my intended substantially universal usage.
  • This difference in the maximum temperatures followed in old practices and discovered by me as suifiicent, alone resulted in comparatively early impairment or deterioration and, in fact, ultimate destruction of the pots and equipment.
  • the second step of my method comprises the freeing or avoiding of the coated article from contamination by oxides or deleterious substances in the bath or floating on the bath in the region of the exit of the coated article therefrom, as herein previously indicated, to avoid brittleness, cracking, dusting-off, unevenness of coating and discoloration thereof, commonly resulting from oxide accumulations variously disposed on or in the coating.
  • the coated article at the point of its exit from the bath shall be protected from any mass or accumulation of oxides tending to arise to or forming onthe surface of the bath, whether created by exposure of the bath at some point to oxygen or by elements attending the introduction of the article into the bath and either conveyed by the article itself or picked up by the article at the surface of the bath and where the oxides will be liable to form' because of the contact of air with said surface.
  • Ii is my purpose to avoid the picking up of oxides or other deleterious substances that from any source or cause may have a tendency to become compactly associated or matted in the region of the exit of the coated article, as in all galvanizing processes within my knowledge.
  • the second step of my method embraces the withdrawing of the coated article from the molten zinc bath in a fashion to avoid serious contact and contamination of the coated article by oxides or other deleterious substances, especially with reference to accumulations on the surface of the bath in the region of the exit of the coated article from the bath, accomplished by the immersion and passage of the article coated and still being coated through the moving bath material, the result of which is to promote and obtain a heavy, dense, commercially pure zinc coating free of oxides and voids.
  • admission of air into said treating in surrounding relationship to the coated article after it leaves the treating chamber is ready for presentation to the fixing or setting medium in identically the intended condition derived from the treatment of the article in the molten zinc bath and the non-interference therewith in any particular, whatsoever, from the point of its discharge from the bath to the point of its presentation to the setting or fixing medium referred to.
  • This fixing or setting medium and the application thereof to the coated article constituting the fourth and final step in the essential characteristics of my method, comprises a subjection of the coated article, as preserved in its passage through the oxygen-free atmosphere, and as still protected on its emergence from the gas chamber by the enveloping gases escaping therefrom, to the cooling water treatment projected onto the coated surface of the article or onto and around the treated exterior of articles such as wires or strips, as distinguished from plates-the projec- .tion of the cooling water being through the confronting body of escaping gases in the path of the projected streams or jets of said water.
  • FIG. 2 shows a vertical section of the preferred apparatus for practicing my method of galvanizing in producing the article of Fla. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a modified outlet portion for the article leaving the zinc pot, provided with means immediately associated therewith for creating fiow of the zinc, as distinguished from the relatively remote means of that embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 2; and
  • Fig. 5 is a vertical section through another embodiment of the invention, wherein the means for forcing the fiow of the bath as employed in those embodiments illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4 are dispensed with and instead a natural flow of the material is relied on in connection with suitable means for facilitating the desired operation. 76
  • the dash-lineillustration is; of course, the bath 1 of molten zinc, the normal level of which is represented at 8.
  • pan Ii Supported upon the wall of the pot in an manner found expedient, such as by standards or uprights l0, which may be either bolted to or separably rest on the walls of the pot (not necessary to be illustrated in detail) is a pan Ii partially submerged in the molten zinc bath I.
  • This pan H having a bottom portion 52 intermediate of the ends thereof forming, with the partitions l3 and sides It, a centrally disposed compartment or chamber IS.
  • the pan member or structure H has its side walls extending outwardly in an opposite direction from the intermediate portion just referred to, to provide in the instance of the extension designated IS, an inlet compartment for the wire to be treated, said compartment being open at its bottom and closed at the end by the wall I?
  • the extenskin it has a tubular inlet 20 (of cylindrical or rectangular cross-section, as obviously may depend on the wire or wires to be treated) arranged at an inclination in line tangentially with the periphery of a guiding roller or drum 2
  • the pump or fan may operate in any suitable manner, as by a motor, driven pulley, gearing, or the like, 21 for driving the propeller shaft 28 revolvably mounted in any practicable manner, as by bearings 29 secured to the standards or uprights "I. It is intended that this pump 25, in the operation of 25 the apparatus shall raise the zinc from the low or relatively pure portion of the body thereof, meaning that portion protected against the'accumulation of surface flotation, including oxides,
  • auxiliary overflow passages 33 are provided in the side walls II, from which excess molten zinc in the pan may escape and be delivered back to the main bath or body of molten material outside the limits of the pan and its extensions.
  • into which the zinc flows from the intermediate compartment 15 of the pan II is effected by 15 the pressure resulting from the difference in level between the normal level l4of the molten Zinc in the compartment l5 of the pan and the overflow 34 at the upper end of the outwardly and upwardly inclined passage 3i.
  • This overflow 34 is a common point of discharge not only of the zinc that is forced upwardly through the passage 3
  • the opposite ends of the shield 35 are shown as flaring outwardly (though this is not necessary).
  • the lower portion of the shield is much longer than the upper portion thereof and dips correspondingly to a greater depth into the zinc bath than said upper portion projects upwardly above the normal level of the bath, so that the resistance of the bath material in the lower portion of the shield to being displaced downwardly relatively to the main body of the bath, will cooperate in insuring the movement of bath material upwardly and out of the upper end of the shield.
  • this shield 35 shall be of a shape and size to generally conform to the coated article or articles (wires) passing therethrough, but that the same shall be of a size to have no contact with said coated article, in order that the latter may pass therethrough freely in its travel from the coating bath to the next stage of the operation on the coated article.
  • the coated article will carry just that much more of the coating along with it, and, provided the coating is appropriately fixed or set with promptness, much better results than heretofore are accomplished or attained.
  • everything is favorable to the rapid movement of the article, because, at the final discharge of the coated article from the shield the movement of the coating material is in the direction of the movement of the coated article. up to this exit from the shield no conflicting m-.
  • the vertical dome, chamber, or extension 38 in open communication with and extending upwardly a relatively short distance-say from 18 inches or thereaboutfrom the top wall of the compartment of the extension l8, so that substantially throughout the entire course of travel of the coated article from its point of exit from the shield 35 to the principal cooling or setting means, now to be described, the coated article moves freely through an unobstructed, uncontaminated zone protected from air or harmful substances or devices, the same constituting the third step in my method, as pointed out.
  • the dome or extension 38 is closed at the top, as represented at 39, save for a slot or aperture, as the case may be, through which the wire or wires or other product escapes to the operating zone oi the fourth step of my method immediately above the closed top, 39.
  • the water jetted onto or against or around the coated article is generally transversely of the coated article and the arrangement is such that the water will penetrate the gaseous film arising with and surrounding the article as they both leave the extension or dome 38, the water eventually reaching the coating and having direct contact and influence thereon in setting and fixing the coating in such manner that the same is substantially perfect and insured against any damaging effect, whatsoever, as the coated article is drawn upwardly and around the guiding roller 49.
  • the top of the dome or extension 38 is inclined upwardly and inwardly from opposite s'ides towards the exit opening 40, to shed the cooling waterthat may fall onto the same and direct the former in opposite directions for escape into either one or the other of water-discharge pipes or drains 50.
  • the completed article passes around the guide roller 49, the same is subjected to additional cooling water to obtain the final setting, through the medium of a nozzle or nozzles 5
  • 53 represents a compartment dipping into the metal bath 54 whose normal bath level is indicated at 55. and having an open bottom 56 the same as the extensions I6 and I8 of Fig. 2, to permit the normal bath material to rise into the compartment.
  • the compartment has a supply 51 for non-oxidizing gas adapted to fill the unoccupied area within the compartment and above the normal level of the bath, said area opening into and correspondingly enlarging the oxygen-free atmosphere within the dome portion 58, broken away in the. figure, and, as stated, intended to have the form and function of the dome portion 36 of Fig. 2.
  • a similar shield 59 is tubular or elongated transversely, or of other hollow cross-section, in keeping with the shape and ar- 5 rangement of the articles being coated and intended to be passed through and be protected by the shield.
  • the shield 59 also projects downwardly through the compartment 53, and for the greater portion of its length into and below the 0 normal bath-line 55, and at its upper end extends into the oxygen-free atmospheric area of the compartment.
  • a casing in part preferably tubular, constituting a pump chamber 60 open at its lower end-6!
  • the wall 62 of of the casing 60 inclines upwardly and merges into the discharge or outlet mouth of the shield 59, the intervening partition or wall 63 between the shield and the casing 62 terminating short of the upper end of the shield to provide a passage 64 between the interior of the shield and easing.
  • a propeller or pump located at the inlet into -the casing 60, adapted to be driven by the propeller shaft 66 operatively connected to a source of power such as a belt and pulley, gearingr motor, etc. (not shown).
  • the bath material will extend upwardly into the shield 59 to approximately the normal bath level 55 or upper edge of the partition 63, and the pump 65, when in operation, will force the material of the bath that has simi- 10 larly arisen in the casing and which will be drawn into the casing by the pump and'driven upwardly into the casing, out through the passage 64 into the shield, and through the upper discharge end thereof, whence the same will flow 15 over and back to the mainbody of the bath, the movement of the bath material entraining and moving upwardly the bath material in the shield to maintain a greater or less flow of the combining bath material within the shield and casing in 20 a direction upwardly and out of the same so as to prevent an opportunity for arising oxides to accumulate on the surface of the bath material at the discharge mouth of the shield, where it would be liable to be carried away by the coated 5 material passing upwardly through the shield.
  • the compartment is represented at 61, immersed and opening at 66 in the molten bath 69 at a point substantially below 5 the bath level It.
  • the compartment has means H for supplying the non-oxidizing gas to the vacant area within the compartment 61 in part over the normal surface of the molten bath therein, 12 representing the dome or extension 9 of the oxygen-free atmosphere, as suggested in connection with the earlier disclosures herein.
  • the larger portion of the bottom of the compartment is closed as at 13,
  • the upper end of the shield terminates at a point substantially below 50 the normal bath line 10 so that there is always present suflicient force on the bath material to move the same upwardly through the shield and over into the receptacle, thereby obtaining a continuous flow and avoiding any quiet or unmoving e5 status of the bath material in the shield whichwould permit ascending oxides to accumulate and form such a matted condition as would enable oxides thus aggregated to act as a wiper to seriously reduce the amount of coating on the article 70 passing therethrough, or to cling to and be carried along with the coated article in its passage through the mat, thereby giving rise to the objections noted in the discussion of the general objects of the invention.
  • To prevent undue ac- 75 oxygen-free atmosphere beyond the point of said which will, at an appropriate rate, either continuously or'at intervals, draw the excess material from the receptacle and return it to the bath.
  • a great advantage in producing a coated article free'of oxides and surrounded and protected by an oxygen-free atmosphere until the presentation of the coated article to the cooling medium to set or fix the coating, is that the lustre or natural blue-white appearance of the molten zinc is preserved and perpetuated in the finally completed article.
  • the lack of air within the gas dome prevents the coatingfrom becoming thick and variously viscous (which would result if contaminated by air), as well as lack of uniformity in the final product, which viscosity or thickening would result from contact of air with the coating before it had become set or fixed.
  • the flow of the bath, under pressure of the pump, can be regulated to a certain extent by increasing-or decreasing the speed of the pump.
  • the gas which I have employed to create an oxygen-free atmosphere is natural or illuminating gas. Other gases may be used.
  • the method of galvanizing an article comprising immersing the article in a molten zinc bath, effecting movement of a part of said bath to an oxygen-free atmosphere and liberating the same in said atmospheref'withdrawing the coated article from the bath through the moving part of the bath and in the general direction of movement of the latter, exposing the coated article to said liberation of the moving part of the bath, quenching the coating on withdrawal'of the coated article from the oxygen-free atmosphere, and
  • the method of galvanizing an article comprising immersing the same in a molten zinc bath, withdrawing the coated article from the bath. after its immersion therein for a period of-approximatelyfrom three to six seconds to take on the coating material desired while avoiding the formation of any substantial zinc-iron alloy throughout the outer major portion of the zinc coating wherebyto leave the same substantially I pure, and localizing iron constituents within narrow range adjoining the normal surface of the article, the withdrawing of the coated article from the bath being by quick elevation thereof directly into an oxygen-free atmosphere to preliminarily cool the coating and protect the same from air, effecting a movement of a surplus part of the bath into an oxygen-free atmosphere along with the moving coated article and liberating the sur plus material in said oxygen-free atmosphere, and
  • immersing of the coated article in the zinc bath being of relativelyshort duration and terminating before the formation of any substantial zinciron alloy throughout the outer major portion of the zinc coating whereby to leave the same substantially pure, and localizing iron constituents within narrow range adjoining the normal surface of the article.
  • the method of galvanizing an article comprising'immersing the same in a molten zinc bath, withdrawing the coated article from the bath, substantially protecting the coated article from air until the coating is cooled and set, and cooling and setting the same by contacting water withthe coating while the same is protected by a non-oxidizing gas and flame, the delivery of water being in a direction transverse to the movement of the coated article and the flame being in adjacence to the same and therebelow so that a non-oxidizing gas exerts its influence substantially throughout this area of treatment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
US72425A 1936-04-02 1936-04-02 Method of coating metallic materials Expired - Lifetime US2166250A (en)

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US98607A US2166251A (en) 1936-04-02 1936-08-29 Apparatus for coating metallic materials
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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2505960A (en) * 1947-01-02 1950-05-02 Gen Motors Corp Liquid applying apparatus for strip material
US2702525A (en) * 1949-07-13 1955-02-22 Whitfield & Sheshunoff Inc Apparatus for coating wire or strip with molten aluminum
US2718474A (en) * 1953-12-07 1955-09-20 Ralph W Hodil Metal coating method and apparatus
US3233584A (en) * 1958-07-18 1966-02-08 Polymer Corp Coating process and apparatus
US3259148A (en) * 1961-05-01 1966-07-05 Allied Tube & Conduit Corp Galvanized steel tubing
US3369923A (en) * 1964-12-14 1968-02-20 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method of producing heavy coatings by continuous galvanizing
US3523815A (en) * 1968-01-02 1970-08-11 Armco Steel Corp Method for producing a uniform metallic coating on wire
US3632411A (en) * 1969-03-27 1972-01-04 Armco Steel Corp Method of finishing galvanized wire
US3735967A (en) * 1971-09-15 1973-05-29 Armco Steel Corp Water quench method and apparatus
EP0004545A1 (de) * 1978-04-10 1979-10-17 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verzinken von Draht
US4177754A (en) * 1978-05-30 1979-12-11 Fennell Corporation Apparatus for obtaining bright finish galvanizing coating on wire
US4202918A (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-05-13 Fennell Corporation Method for obtaining bright finish galvanizing coating on wire
US4957129A (en) * 1989-01-06 1990-09-18 George Koch Sons, Inc. Fluid removing apparatus
US5106059A (en) * 1990-04-02 1992-04-21 Federal-Mogul Corporation Siphon driven quench tank assembly
WO1996041894A1 (en) * 1995-06-12 1996-12-27 Alphatech, Inc. Bubble apparatus for removing and diluting dross in a steel treating bath
US20090272319A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2009-11-05 Holger Behrens Apparatus For Hot-Dip Coating Of A Metal Strand
US20150368776A1 (en) * 2013-02-05 2015-12-24 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Apparatus for Hot Dip Coating Metal Strip

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2505960A (en) * 1947-01-02 1950-05-02 Gen Motors Corp Liquid applying apparatus for strip material
US2702525A (en) * 1949-07-13 1955-02-22 Whitfield & Sheshunoff Inc Apparatus for coating wire or strip with molten aluminum
US2718474A (en) * 1953-12-07 1955-09-20 Ralph W Hodil Metal coating method and apparatus
US3233584A (en) * 1958-07-18 1966-02-08 Polymer Corp Coating process and apparatus
US3259148A (en) * 1961-05-01 1966-07-05 Allied Tube & Conduit Corp Galvanized steel tubing
US3369923A (en) * 1964-12-14 1968-02-20 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method of producing heavy coatings by continuous galvanizing
US3523815A (en) * 1968-01-02 1970-08-11 Armco Steel Corp Method for producing a uniform metallic coating on wire
US3632411A (en) * 1969-03-27 1972-01-04 Armco Steel Corp Method of finishing galvanized wire
US3735967A (en) * 1971-09-15 1973-05-29 Armco Steel Corp Water quench method and apparatus
EP0004545A1 (de) * 1978-04-10 1979-10-17 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verzinken von Draht
US4177754A (en) * 1978-05-30 1979-12-11 Fennell Corporation Apparatus for obtaining bright finish galvanizing coating on wire
US4202918A (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-05-13 Fennell Corporation Method for obtaining bright finish galvanizing coating on wire
US4957129A (en) * 1989-01-06 1990-09-18 George Koch Sons, Inc. Fluid removing apparatus
US5106059A (en) * 1990-04-02 1992-04-21 Federal-Mogul Corporation Siphon driven quench tank assembly
WO1996041894A1 (en) * 1995-06-12 1996-12-27 Alphatech, Inc. Bubble apparatus for removing and diluting dross in a steel treating bath
US5639419A (en) * 1995-06-12 1997-06-17 Morando; Jorge A. Bubble operated dross diluting pump for a steel treating bath
US5683650A (en) * 1995-06-12 1997-11-04 Morando; Jorge A. Bubble apparatus for removing and diluting dross in a steel treating bath
US20090272319A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2009-11-05 Holger Behrens Apparatus For Hot-Dip Coating Of A Metal Strand
US20150368776A1 (en) * 2013-02-05 2015-12-24 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Apparatus for Hot Dip Coating Metal Strip
US9453275B2 (en) * 2013-02-05 2016-09-27 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Device for hot dip coating metal strip including a snout and an extension piece

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