US2159131A - Hair curling - Google Patents

Description

R. P. BURNS HAIR CURLING May 23, 1939.

Filed Aug. 19, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 I V NT OR 05.59: P g ve/r5 "6%;

W ATTORNEYS R. Pl BURNS HAIR CURLING May 23, 1939.

Filed Aug. 19, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 w. h QN u WNX mm 6/19/75 %%W% M I A IN VE N TOR 2055 97- 5 Yv l v R. P. BURNS HAIR CURLING May 23, 1939.

Filed Aug. 19, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR @0552? P flue/vs WV- ATTORNEYS Patented May 23, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 16Claims.

This invention relates to the formation of hair curls, in situ, and pertains more particularly to an improved method of forming such curls, an apparatus by which the method may be carried out, and an improved composite hairpin assembly useful with such apparatus.

One of the particular objects of the invention is to provide a method of forming hair curls by which the hair may be formed into a spiral curl on the head, and fixed in curled condition by insertion of a holding hairpin into compressive engagement with the inner and outer peripheries of the curl.

A further object of the invention is to provide a hair-curling device adapted to form a curl from a strand orlock of hair, and provided with a magazine supply of hairpins which may be ejected into compressive engagement with the formed curl, after which the completed and secured curl may be removed from the device.

A further object of the invention is to provide a composite hairpin assembly, in which a plurality of hairpins are arranged in stacked alinement and intersecured by means of a deformable cementing agent arranged at preferred positions with respect to theassembled hairpins.

The present invention is concerned with the use of a particular type of hairpin, namely, that type known'to the trade as a bobbie" pin, which comprises a ribbon-like spring member bent back upon itself to provide coacting spring fingers or legs between which the hair is adapted to be secured. Throughout the present specification and claims, therefore, wherever the word "hairpin is employed, it will be understood that a hairpin of this. general type is contemplated.

A further object of the invention is to provide a hair-curling device adapted to carry a supply of hairpins which may be ejected into retaining position on a formed curl, characterized by the adaptability of the device to the positioning of any desired number of hairpins upon a single curl, dependent upon the requirements of a particular user.

A further object of the invention is to provide a device adapted for self-use, characterized by its adaptability to facile, manual operation by a person working upon his or her own hair.

The method of the present invention comprises the formation of a spiral curl of hair upon an elongated mandrel, providing a spreading member adjacent one end of the hair-receiving portion of said mandrel in position to engage the opposing coacting fingers of a hairpin of a bobble type and spread the same apart, passing a hairpin longitudinally of the mandrel over the spreading member, with one finger of the hair-pin disposed between the mandrel and the inner periphery of the curl and the other finger of the hairpin disposed at the outer periphery of the curl, withdrawing the spreading member transversely oi the mandrel to allow the coacting fingers of the hairpin to'collapse into compressive engagement with the hair curl, and withdrawing the curl and the positioning hairpin from the mandrel. V

The device of the present invention comprises, essentially, a rotatably mounted mandrel member adapted to receive a lock of hair and to form a spiral curl of such look upon rotation, an associated housing member carrying a magazine adapted to receive a plurality of hairpins of the bobble type, and associated operating lever means adapted to operate upon one of the contained hairpins to eject the same into a posi- 20 tion clamping the spiral curl of hair, with one leg or finger of the hairpin disposed adjacent the mandrel and thus on the inside of the curl, and the cooperating leg or finger oi the hairpin disposed exteriorly of the spiral curl. The de-. vice preferably also includes means for spreading the hairpin as it is ejected from the body portion of the curler deviceinto clamping position on the spiral-curled hair, so that free insertion of the hairpin over the formed curl is obtained, together with means for withdrawing the spreading means when the hairpin is fully ejected from the device, in order to facilitate ready removal of the curled lock and the associated hairpin from its position on the curling'mandrel. The device preferably also comprises means for restricting the direction of rotation of the curling mandrel to one direction or the other, wherefore a formed curl will have no tendency to unwind prior.to the time that the hairpin is secured in position over the curl body.

The composite hairpin assembly of the present invention comprises a plurality of hairpins oi the bobble type arranged in stacked alinement, with the respective opposing fingers of the pins superimposed upon one another, and secured together through the agency of an adhering deiormable film oi cementing material extending along the return-bend portion of the several hairpins and along the tip portions of the straight fingers of the hairpins.

Other objects and features of the invention will be :brought out in the ensuing description of a preferred embodiment thereof, or will be apparent from such description. Such preferred embodiment is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and referring thereto:

Fig. l is a perspective view of the device in use, showing the engagement of the end oi a lock of hair at the position of thecurling mandrel;

Fig. 2 is a view corresponding to Fig. l showing the device wound up about the lock or hair to form a curl and. also showirm the start of the operation which results in the ejection of a hairpin into position on the curl itself;

Fig. 3 is a view corresponding to Figs. 1 and 2, inwhich the movement resulting in the ejection of the hairpin on the curl is substantially com.- pleted;

Fig. 4 is a view corresponding to Figs. 1 to 3, showing the completed operation of forming the I curl of hair and placing the curler pin in position thereon, and showing the curl partially removed from the mandrel member; I

Fig. 5 is an enlarged, partly broken-away side elevation of the device, which may be consideredto be taken on line 5-45 in Fig. 8;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the portion of the device indicated within the dot-and-dash outline at 6 in Fig. 5;

Fig. '7 is a longitudinal section taken on line I-1 in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7a is a fragmentary section corresponding to Fig. 7 showing the hairpin in its initial position, just before the ejection movement is started;

Fig. 7b is a view corresponding to Fig. 7a showing'a hairpin in its fully ejected position, prior to the manual removal of the hair curl :and hairpin from the curling mandrel Fig. 8 is a partly sectional longitudinal plan view taken on line H in Fig. 5;

Fig. 9 is a transverse section taken on line 99 in Fig. 5;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of the portion of the device indicated within the dot-dash modified form of device, partly broken away,

outline ID in Fig. 8; I

Fig. 11 is an enlarged transverse section of a and taken at a position corresponding to that shown at] I-I Iin Fig. 8;

Fig. 12 is a view corresponding to Fig. 11, showing the device in an alternative operating position;

Fig. 13 is a side elevation, partly broken away, taken on line I3--l3 in Fig. 11;

Fig. 14' is a plan view of a stacked composite arrangement of a plurality of bobble pins useful in connection. with the present invention; and

Fig. 15 is a side elevation of such composite assembly of bobble pins.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 5 through 10, thedevice of the present invention is shown as comprising an elongated mandrel I provided with a plurality of longitudinally etxending, peripherally spaced grooves or recesses 2 atone end thereof and defining a hair-receiving portion, and with a knob 3 at the other end thereof by which the mandrel may be rotated in use. The mandrel I is provided with suitable means for holding a lock' of hair in position for the curling operation, such as a clamping strip 4 pivotally mounted at the inner endof the hairreceiving portion of the device, as at 5, and provided with a cam 6 extending inwardly of the mandrel I and engaged in a suitable notch "I in an operating stem 8 slidablym'ounted within av hole 9 in the mandrel I and biased outwardly thereof by means of a spring Ill. The stem 8 s earer preferably extends beyond the end or the knob as at it, to provide an operating button. Inward The mandrel I is rotatably mounted within a suitable housing I3, which may (Fig. 9) be formed in separable parts I31; and I3!) for facility of construction and assembly. The mandrel I is conveniently secured in place within the housing I3 through the agency of a set-screw I a en-' gaging the housing I3 and having a tip portion engaging in an annular recess Ib in the mandrel I, as shown more particularly in Fig. 9. A suitable magazine member is mounted on the housing I3 as at I4, either formed integrally therewith as illustrated in. Fig. 9, or screwed, clamped or bolted in pla'cethereon, as will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and such magazine is provided with an elongated recess I5 terminating in an elongated slot I6 in the housing proper, such slot I'6 opening through. the housing as at I! (Fig. 7), at the end thereof directed toward the hair-receiving end of the mandrel I.

The recess I5 is adapted to receive a plurality of hairpins I8, disposed with their open ends directed toward the hair-receiving portion of the mandrel I, and a suitable spring-biased follower is preferably provided within the magazine, as at' I9, in position to bias the pins I8 toward the slot I6 during the operation of thedevice. The follower I9 may be carried upon a suitable removable cap 2I, which is preferablyprovided with locking means such as a rotatable knob 22 provided with a locking sear or cam 23'adapted to engage within a suitable slot in a side wall of the housing I.

The operating means for securing the desired ejection of a hairpin is arranged in two separate but correlated and coacting groups of elements, namely, a bolt member adapted. toforce a pin out of the slot I6 toward the hair-receiving end of the mandrel I, and a pin-spreading mechanism located between the housing I3 and the hair-receiving portion of the mandrel I in position to spread the opposing coacting fingers of the hairpin so as to cause one finger to extend within the hair curl at its inner periphery and the other finger to extendover the curl at its outer periphery and thus engage the hair in its curled condition. The operating bolt comprises an elongated member 25 slidably mounted within a slot26 in the housing I3, which slot 26 is continuous with the slot I6. The bolt 25 is carried by an operating head 21 slidably mounted with respect to the housing I3 as through the agency of a plurality of rod members 28a, 28b, and 280 slidably disposed in suitable passages 29 in the housing I3 and secured within the head 21 at their outer ends. Referring more particularly to Figs. 8 and 10, suitable means are provided for preventing inadvertent removal of the rod members 28a-.28c from the housing I3,

as by means of a spring-biased follower member 3| disposed in a suitable passage 32 in the body portion of the housing I3 and engaging a head 21. indicated in Fig. 2, the head or operating end 25a of the bolt 25 will be brought Just past the rearward end of the slot I8 (the righthand of this slot as shown in the figures), allowing the innermost hairpin II to drop into the slot I5, as shown more particularly in Fig. 1a.

Upon left-hand or forward movement of the head I the same inwardly against the bottom of the slot I6, 80 that the inward finger Ifla of the hairpin will pass inwardly of the spreader member 35. hereinafter described. The spring member I6a is preferably provided with a back-up spring I5a, to provide. adequate biasing strength. In the forward movement of the hairpin I8a the inwardly directed finger I8a' of the hairpin will be disposed within one of the grooves 2 in the mandrel I and the outwardly directed finger I8a" will be spaced from the periphery of the mandrel I by the height of the member 35, as shown more particularly in Fig. 7. Upon further forward movement of the head 21, the bolt 25 will be forced forwardly until its operating or head end 25:: projects through the opening I1, into the position shown in Fig. 7b, and during the last portlon of the forward movement of the bolt, the

spreader member is moved transversely out of the path of the hairpin I8a to facilitate manual removal of the curled hair and the pin from the mandrel I.

Referring to Figs. 14 and 15, it will be seen that each bobble" pin comprises a substantially straight leg or finger 5|, and an outwardly projecting finger 62, the two fingers being joined at a return-bend portion 63. The straight finger 6| is adapted to be inserted in one of the grooves 2, and the finger 62 is adapted to be engaged at its curved tip portion 64 by the spreading member 35 in the longitudinal movement of the pin through the agency of the bolt 25. For this reason, the pins are always to be inserted in the magazine with the fingers 52 of the pins facing the user when the device is held as shown in Figs. 1 to 4; furthermore, the slot I5- is preferably tapered rearwardly as shown in Fig. 8 so that the user will not inadvertently insert the pins in reversed position.

The transverse movement of the member 35 is conveniently secured by disposing said member in a slot 35 formed in a housing portion I30, and providing. an operating link or crank arm 31 pivotally mounted to the structure I30 as at 33 and having a striking portion 39 positioned for engagement by the forward end of one of the rod members 28aP-28c, such as the rod member 28a. The crank arm 31 is provided with an arm 39' linked to the member 35 as by means of a pin 4| on said member 35 in engagement with a slot 42 in the arm 39 so that upon complete forward movement of the rod member 28a and the head 21, the arm 31 will be moved into the dotdash position illustrated in Fig. 6, moving the member 35 from the full line to the dot-dash line position. At this time the operating head 25a of the bolt 25 will adapt some such .position as that indicated at 2511 in Figs. 6 and 7b, and the rounded end or head of the pin Ifla may then be engaged by the finger tip and moved further into engagement with the curl of hair, after which the hair curl and the pin may be slidably removed from the mandrel.

In view of the fact that the inward finger of the hairpin is caused to engage in one of the slots 2 in the mandrel I, I preferably taper the rearward ends 43 of the lands 2' which form the grooves 2, so that the rounded point of the hairpin will crowd the mandrel I rotatively to one side or the other to ensm'e proper mating of the hairpin finger with the respective groove. The rearward end of the portion of the mandrel I which carries the strip 4 may also be tapered as at 4a soas'to cause the hairpin finger to enter one or the other of the grooves at the respective sides of the member 4.

It will be appreciated that after one hairpin is placed in position over a curl, the knurled portion'3 of the mandrel I may be grasped and a partial rotation of the curl effected and the curl, wherefore the user may apply as many pins to the single curl as is desired.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1 to 4, I have illustrated the several operating steps which may be practiced to carry out the operation of forming and securing a curl of hair, and referring thereto, Fig. 1 shows the device in operating position, with the tip 50 of a strand 5| of hair engaged between the mandrel I and the looking or holding strip 4. The knob 3 is rotated to form the strand 5| into a spirally wound curl 52, as shown in Fig. 2, the rotation being continued until the desired amount of hair has been wound in the curl, after which the head 21 is moved rearwardly into the position shown in Fig. 2 and then returned toward the position shown in Fig. 1, as in Fig. 3, forcing a pin 53 into position over the curl 52. After the head 21 is moved to its full forward position, so that the member 35 is fully withdrawn into its slot 35, the curl and the pin may be grasped manually and moved from the mandrel I, as shown in Fig. 4. The device is then in condition for a further operation on a second strand of hair, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. A suitable guard member may be provided, as shown at 55 in Figs. 1 to 4, disposed forwardly of the member 35, to prevent any portion of the hair strand 5| from being wound around the mandrel closely adjacent the housing I3.

The modification pf the invention illustrated in Figs. 11 to 13 corresponds generally to the form above described, with the distinction that means are provided for positively fixing the rotative position of the hair-forming mandrel with respect to the housing, so that the slot I5 will at I all times be in alinement with one of the grooves in the mandrel. In this construction, the mandrel is indicated in section in Figs. 11 and 12 at H, and provided with a plurality of grooves 12. A pawl member 13 is mounted diametrically opposite the position of the slot I5, and the portion of the mandrel 1I diametrically opposite but rearwardly of the position of the holding strip 4 is blanked off as at 14, as is the portion of the mandrel rearwardly of the position of said strip, as at 14a. The pawl 13 is adapted for inward and outward radial movement with respect to the mandrel 1|, as in a bore 15, and terminates in a knob member 15. The pawl is preferably biased inwardly, as by means of a spring, 11, and is rotatably disposed within the bore 15 to provide for disposition of the locking edge 13 of 75 4 H which form the grooves 12.

of .the slot 80, in which position the pawl 53,

will be held out of engagement with the lands In use, referring to Figs. 1 to 4 as an illustration, the form of device shown in Figs. 11 to 13 will operate in a'mannencomparable to that previously described, with the exception that the pawl "13 would be set to permit clockwiserotation of the mandrel H (i. e., as shown in Fig. 11). Rotation of the mandrel in forming the hair curl will always result in allowing the mandrel to come to rest in a position such that the slot i6 is alined with a groove 12, inasmuch as the tension on the strand of hair 5| will be sumcient to cause the mandrel toback up into a position .of engagement of the pawl face II with a land II. when the holding strip 4 is in alinement with the slot I6 when a clockwise rotation of the mandrel is stopped, the continued tension on the hair strand 5| will cause the mandrel to back up until the next adjacent groove is engaged by the pawl 13, "which had until then been riding upon thesuriace of the blank space ll. The blanked space Ila serves to prevent the pawl from engaging the mandrel 1| when the blank space I4 is alined with the slot I6. I

In the above form of device, the housing It may be extended forwardly as at I10, flush with I the forward edge of the portion of the housing which carries the transversely movable spreader member 35, wherefore a guard member such as shown at 55 may be omitted. It will be appreciated that the housing portion I30 will be provided with a suitable recess (at 38' in Fig. 11) formed as an extension of the slot 36, so that the sear will be allowed to take its full transverse movement into and out of spreadingposition. i

The composite arrangement ofa plurality of hairpins for use in the device, as illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15, maybe inserated in the megazine M as a body, in which case the individual pins may be ejected from the device one by one as above described. In order to permit proper operation of the device, itis essential that the stacked arrangement of hairpins be intersecured at specific points along their length, and, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15, this intersecuring of the pins is obtained by applying a strip of adhesive'material along the return-bend portion 63, as at 8!, extending s'lightly to both sides of the longitudinal medial line of the pins indicated by the dot-dash line L. This application of the adhesive material will serve to resist deformation of the stack of pins in either direction to the side of this medial line. In order to afflxthe other ends of the pins in alinement, I apply a strip of adhesive material to the outside of the straight leg or finger 6!, as at 82, closely adjacent the outermost tip of such finger, and extending away from such tip a distance not in excess of one-fourth the length of the pin. The adhesive material may comprise a. cellulose-lacquer type of material, applied to a stacked group of pins in liquid form and allowed to dry. Iii use, the action of the bolt. will shear the adhesive strip and thus secure release of a hairpin for election from the device.

Other modifications of the present invention will be apparent to those familiar with the art, wherefore I do not choose to be limited to the specific embodiments herein delineated and described, but rather to the scope of the subjoined lid; I

I claim:

i. A hair-curling device which comprises: a

mandrel member provided with a hair-receiving portion at one end; housing means rotatably supporting said mandrel member at a position removed from said one end; a magazine member mounted on said housing means and provided with a recess adapted to receive a plurality of hairpins in stacked alinement, said recess terminating in an elongated slot directed along the length of and adjacent to the periphery of said i I mandrel member at a position within said housing means and opening through said housing means at the side thereof toward said one end of said mandrel; operating bolt means mounted on said housing means and slidably movable longitudinally within said slot between a position wholly within said slot and a position removed from said slot at the other end of said mandrel.

2. The construction set forth in claim 1, said mandrel member being provided with a plurality of peripherally spaced elongated grooves at said one end, said grooves extending longitudinally of said mandrel and adapted for respective alinement with said elongated slot at various rotative positions of said mandrel with respect to said housing.

3. The construction set forth in claim 1, and comprising in addition,

- and holding member on one end; housing means rotatably supporting said mandrel member; a magazine member mounted .on said housing and provided with a recess adapted to receive a plurality of hairpins in stacked alinement, .said recess terminating in an elongated slot positioned within said housing and directed along the length of and adjacent to the periphery of said mandrel member and opening through said "housing at the side thereof toward said one end of said mandrel; operating bolt means mounted on said housing and movable longitudinally within said slot between positions wholly within said slot and wholly removed from said slot at the other end of said mandrel; :a hairpin-spreading member mounted on said housing adjacent the open end of said slot and adapted for lateral movement between positions respectively in and out of alinement with said elongated slot, and said mandrel member being provided with a plurality of peripherally spaced elongated grooves at said one end, adapted for respective alinement with said elongated slotin said housing at various rotative positions of said mandrel member with respect to said housing.

The construction set forth in claim 4, and

comprising in addition, spring biasing means in elongated mandrel member provided with a plurality of peripherally spaced longitudinally ex- I tending grooves, said grooves extending from one nating in an elongated slot disposed within said housing and directed along the length of said mandrel member adjacent the periphery thereof and opening through said housing at the side thereof toward said one end of said mandrel; and operating bolt means mounted on said housing and movable longitudinally within said elongated slot between positions wholly within said slot and wholly removed from said slot at the other end of said mandrel.

The construction set forth in claim 6, and comprising in addition, a hairpin-spreading member slidably mounted on said housing adja cent the open end of said slot and adapted for lateral movement between a position in alinement with said elongated slot in said housing means and closely spaced from the periphery of said mandrel member and a position transversely removed out of alinement with said elongated slot in said housing means.

8. The construction set forth in claim 6, and

comprising in addition, a hairpin-spreading member slidably mounted on said housing adjacent the open end of said slot and adapted for lateral movement between a position in alinement with said elongated slot in said housing means and closely spaced from the periphery of said mandrel member and a position transversely removed out of alinement with said elongated slot in said housing means, and spring biasing means in said magazine member, positioned to bias contained hairpins toward said elongated slot.

A hair-curling device which comprises: an elongated mandrel member provided with a longitudinally grooved hair-receiving portion at one end thereof; housing means rotatably supporting said mandrel member at the other end thereof; a hairpin-spreading member slidably mounted on said housing for transverse movement into and out of longitudinal alinement with said mandrel; said housing being provided with means for receiving a. hairpin of the bobble type in longitudinal alinement with said mandrel member with one coacting finger thereof closely engaging the periphery thereof and the other finger directed away from such periphery; means for engaging said hairpin and for moving the same longitudinally along said mandrel toward and into engagement with said spreading member to cause the coacting fingers of said hairpin to be spread apart, while causing said one finger of said hairpin to extend along one of the grooves in said mandrel and the other of said fingers to be spaced outwardly of the position of said groove; link means cooperating with said lastnamed means and operable to move said spreading member transversely out of alinement with said mandrel and out of engagement with said hairpin upon completion of longitudinal movement of said hairpin, to permit the coacting fingers of said hairpin to collapse toward compressive engagement with one another.

10. The device set forth in claim 9, and comprising in addition,.magazine means associated with said housing and adapted to carry a plurality of hairpins in stacked alinement with one another, for supply of successive hairpins to said means for receiving saidhairpins.

11. The device set forth in claim 9, and comprising in addition, detent means engaging said mandrel and operable to restrict the rotative movement of said mandrel to one direction of rotation.

12. The device set forth in claim 9, and comprising in addition, detent means engaging said mandrel and operable to restrict the rotative movement of said mandrel to one direction of rotation, said detent means being adapted to secure alinement of one of said grooves with a hairpin in position for such longitudinal movemen 13. A hair-curling device which comprises: an elongated rotatable mandrel member provided with a longitudinally grooved hair-receiving portion at one end thereof; hairpin-ejecting means adjacent said mandrel member at a position removed from said hair-receiving portion and adapted to efi'ect, longitudinal movement of a hairpin of the bobbie type into one of the grooves in said mandrel member, with one of the coacting fingers of said hairpin lying within said groove; and detent means mounted in a fixed position relative to said mandrel member and adapted to restrict the rotative movement thereof to one direction of rotation.

14. A hair-curling device which comprises: an elongated rotatable mandrel member provided with a longitudinally grooved hair-receiving portion at one end thereof; hairpin-ejecting means adjacent said mandrel member at a position re- .moved from said hair-receiving portion and adapted to effect longitudinal movement of a hairpin of the bobble type into one of the grooves in said mandrel member, with one of the coactingfingers of said hairpin lying within said groove; and a spreader member mounted for transverse movement with respect to said mandrel member and having an inclined surface directed' away from said hair-receiving portion of said mandrel in position to engage the coacting fingers of said hairpin to space the other of the coacting fingers of said hairpin away from the periphery of said mandrel member, said device including means for retracting said spreader member from engagement with said hairpin upon completion of the longitudinal movement of said hairpin.

15. A hair-curling device which comprises: an elongated rotatable mandrel member provided with a longitudinally grooved hair-receiving portion at one end thereof; hairpin-ejecting means adjacent said mandrel member at a position removed from said hair-receiving portion and adapted to effect longitudinal movement of a hairpin of the bobble type into one of the grooves in said mandrel member, with one of the coacting fingers of said hairpin lying within said fingers normally in compressional engagement with one anotherat one end and joined together at their other end by a return-bend portion, one

of said fingers being substantially straight and the other of said fingers having its tip portion extended outwardly with respect to the length of said fingers, said hairpins being arranged in stacked alinement with the straight fingers alined along one side and the extended tip portions 70 alined along the other side; a strip 01 deformable adhesive material extending along and secured

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