US2153125A - Governor - Google Patents

Description

April 4, 1939. A. P. THOMAS GOVERNOR FiledAug. 16, 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet l Elva H/s Arron/v5 K5.

April 4, 1939. AT THOMAs 2,153,125

GOVERNOR Filed Aug. 16, 1957 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 llllmm WH'FTH' A. P. THOMAS April 4, 1939..

GOVERNOR Filed Aug. 16, 195'? 3 Sheets-Sheet .3

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Patented Apr. 4, 1939 PATIENT OFFICE covnnnon Alden P. Thomas, Canton, Ohio, assignor to The Timken Roller Bearing Company, Canton, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application August 16, 1937, Serial No. 159,315

14 Claims. (01. 123-98) This invention relates principally to speed regulating devices for internal combustion engines and more particularly to governors for automatically controlling the output of fuel pumps for such engines. One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a completely enclosed, self-contained compact device of simple and economical construction which will automatically control the speed of the engine at both idling and high speeds in all throttle positions. Another object is to enable the fuel supply to be cut off r in any position of the throttle or governor. Other objects-are to provide for adjusting the idling and high speeds of the engine and the maximum 5 quantity of fuel delivered by the pump and to enable such adjustments to be made outside the governor housing. Other objects are to enable the fuel pump to operate at full pumping capacity when starting the engine and to prevent the oper- 20 ator from overloading of the engine with too much fuel when running. The invention consists in the governor and in the construction, combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

25 In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this'specification and wherein like symbols refer to like parts wherever they occur,

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a speed governor embodying my invention, the governor being shown 30 associated withthe cam shaft and control rod of the fuel pump for an internal combustion engine,

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the engine opposing end of said governor, Fig. 3 is an elevation of one side of the governor,

35 Fig. 4 is an elevation of the other side of said governor,

. Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line 55 in Fig. 2, Fig. 6 is a similar section on the line 6-8 in 40 Fig. 2,

Fig. 7 is a vertical transverse section on the line 1-1 in Fig. 3,

Fig. 8 is a vertical central longitudinal section through the lower portion of the governor,

45 Fig. 9 is a detail view, partly in section, showing the positions assumed by the centrifugal weights and. the sleeve actuated thereby at high speed,

Fig. 10 isfa plan view of the governor actuated yoke lever, a

Fig. 11 is a part sectional and part side elevational view of said yoke lever,

Fig. 12 is an end view of said lever and the stop 65 device associated therewith,

Fig. 13 is a side view of the helical driving gear of said governor; and 5 Figs. 14 and 15 are side and end views, respectively of the control rod actuating lever.

The centrifugal speed regulating device or governor shown in the accompanying drawings comprises a housing A having a top opening, which is closed by a removable cover I, and axially alined openings 2 and 3 in its respective end Walls, through which a drive shaft B extends. 10

As shown in the drawings, said drive shaft comprises a section 4 adapted to be driven by and in unison with a compression ignition internal combustion engine (not shown), and a section 5 that has one or more cams 6 thereon for actuating 15 the pistons of a suitable fuel pump (not shown), which is provided with a horizontally reciprocable control rod l'for varying the quantity of fuel supplied by said pump to the working cylinders of said engine. As shown in the drawings the control rod 1 extends into the governor housing through an opening 8 provided therefor in the pump opposing end wall of'said housing.

The section 4 of the main drive shaft B is journaled in a suitable antifriction bearing 9 located in the opening 2 in the engine opposing end wall of the governor housing A; and the section 5, which forms the cam shaft of the fuel pump, extends through the opening 3 in the pump opposing end wall of said housing and has a reduced end portion that is threaded into-the adjacent end of the shaft section 4. Mounted on the adjacent ends of the drive shaft sections 4 and 5 is a helical gear III, which is pinned to the shaft section 4 and is keyed to the shaft section 5. The helical gear ill drives a helical gear Ii formed on a vertical shaft 12 located in the pump housing at one side of the helical gear Ill. The lower end of the shaft I2 is supported in a suitable antifriction bearing l3 supported in a seat It provided therefor in the lower portion of the governor housing- The governor housing is provided at its upper end with an opening which is closed by a threaded cap IS. The upper end of the vertical shaft I 2 is provided with a roller bearing comprising an outer bearing member l6 seated in the cap IS, an inner bearing member l1 sleeved on said shaft and adjustable endwise thereof by means of nuts l8 threaded on the upper end thereof, and bearing rollers l9 interposed between said bearing members. Sleeved on the vertical shaft I2 between upper and lower spring seat members 20 and 2|, respectively, are one or more compression springs 22, hereinafter'referred to as high I of said lever.

speed springs. The lower spring seat 2| seats on an annular shoulder 23 provided therefor on the upright shaft l2; and the upper spring seat 20 is pressed upwardly by said springs against the lower end of the inner bearing member ll of the upper bearing for said shaft and thus serves to press said inner bearing memberagainst the lowermost of the two spring adjusting nuts l8 on the upper end of said shaft.

A thrust sleeve 24 is slidably mounted on the vertical shaft l2 and is adapted to be slid upwardly on said shaft into abutting relation with the lower spring seat 2| and against the pressure of the high speed springs 22 by means of a pair of weighted centrifugal levers 25 that are pivotally supported one on each side of said shaft on horizontal pivots 26 carried by pairs of ears or lugs 210. on the upper end of a spider 21 that is pinned to said shaft just above the helical gear thereon. Each of these centrifugal levers is provided at the end remote from its weighted end with a finger 28, which is adapted to abut against the lower end of the thrust sleeve 24 and. slide it upwardly on the shaft l2, and'a finger 29, which is adapted to abut against the spider 21 and limit'the outward swinging movement of said weighted end Mounted on the upper end of the thrust sleeve, against movement axially thereof is a suitable ball thrust bearing 38.

Journaled on a horizontal shaft 3| that extends from side wall to side wall of the governor housing A, at one side of the vertical shaft I2, is a lever 32 having one arm in the form of a yoke 32!: that straddles the vertically slidable thrust "sleeve 24 and thrust bearing 38 and is provided with horizontal pins 33 that overhang and cooperate with the upper surface of said bearing. The other or depending arm 34 of the yoke lever 32 extends downwardly in the housing and is pivotally connected, as at 35, at its free lower end with one end of a link 36, whose opposite end is pivotally connected, as at 31, to an upright lever 38 intermediate between the ends thereof. w v

The upper end of the upright lever 38 is provided with a downwardly opening notch 39 that straddles the adjacent end of thepump control rod 1, which has a lateral abutmentmember or pin 40 thereon that projects on opposite sides thereof with its ends fitting within downwardly opening notches 4| formed in theopposite side walls of the main control rod receiving notch .39. The lower end of the upright lever '38 fits between and is pivotally connected, as at 42, to the outer ends of a. pair of ears or lugs 43 that project radially. from' a horizontal shaft 44,-

which extends transversely of the governor housing with its ends 10 ings 45 provided therefor in the side walls of said housing.

One end of the horizontal shaft 44 extends outside of the governor housing A and has a manually operable control arm 46 fixed thereto. The cooperating portions of the shaft and arm are provided with interfitting ribs and grooves 41, whereby said arm may be anguiarly adjusted on said shaft. The hub portion of said am is split and provided with a clamping screw 48 for locking said arm in the desired position of its angular adjustment. The swinging movement of the manual control arm'46 is limited in one direction to limit the maximum feed of the pump by an adjustable stop screw 48 and in the opposite direction to control the minimum fuel ed in suitable bearfeed by a similar adjustable stop screw 50. These stops limit the operator's control over the output of the fuel pump.

The .pins 33 of the yoke 32a of the lever 32 are held down on the thrust bearing 30 On the vertical shaft l2 by means of a helical compression spring 5| (hereinafter referred to as the idling speed spring). This spring is supported at its lower end on a lug or arm 52 that projects from the hub of theyoke lever 32; and the upper end of said spring bears against the lower end of a screw 53 that is threaded vertically through the cover I of the governor housing.

An adjustable stop device is provided for limiting the feed movement of the control rod 1 of the pump. Said device comprises a hook 54 pivoted, as at 55, to the lower arm of a lever 56 that is pivotally supported on a horizontal shaft 51 mounted in the governor housing justabove the pump control rod I. This stop hook is held in the path of the pin 40 on the control rod 1 by means of a coil tension spring 540. and thus limits the feed movement of said rod. The lever 56 may be adjusted to shift the hook lengthwise of said rod by means of an adjusting screw 58 that is threaded vertically through the housing cover twith its lower end in abutting relation to the free upper end of the upper arm of the hook supporting lever 56. A coil compression spring 59 is mounted in the side wall of the governor housing adjacent to the hook supporting lever 56- and serves to hold the upper arm thereof against the lower end of the adjusting screw 58. One branch of the yoke 32a of the yoke lever 32 is extended to form a finger 32b adapted, when the governor is not operating, to press down on a lug 68 on the stop hook 54 so as to swing the same clear of the control rod pin 40 and thus permit said rod to be moved beyond the maximum feed position established by said hook when it is in engagement with said control rod pin. The mechanism for shifting the control rod 1 in a direction that will completely shut off the supply of fuel to the engine and thus stop the operation thereof comprises a stop hook 6| that is fixed to the horizontal shaft 51 and is adapted to be swung into engagement with the upright lever 38 when said shaft is manually rotated by means of an arm 62 fixed thereto outside of the governor housing; The stop arm 62 cured to said arm.

The operation of the hereinbefore described speed governoris as follows:

when the manually operable control or throttle arm 48 is set for idling speed, as shown in Fig. 3, such speed is insuflicient to swing the centrifugal levers 25 out far enough to lift said sleeve into engagement with the lower seat 2| for the relatively strong high speed springs 22 and a uniform idling speed is maintained by the relatively weak idling speed spring 5| and when said control or throttle arm is set for high speed, the greater centrifugal force is sufficient to swing the centrifugal levers out far enough to raise the thrust sleeve high enough to compress the high speed springs 22 and thus bring them into operation to maintain a uniform high speed. During both idling and high speeds the idling speed spring 5| operates to hold the yoke pins 33 of theyoke lever 3| down on the thrust bearing 38 and the governor action is transmitted between the thrust sleeve 24 and the pump control rod through the yoke lever 3|, link 36 and upright lever 38. During the governor operation, the upright lever 38 swings on the pivot 42 carried by the manually rotatable control shaft 44 and operates'to shift the pump control rod in a direction that will reduce the fuel supply when the speed of the engine increases and to shift said rod in the opposite direction and increase the fuel supply when the speed of the engine decreases. However, when the pump control rod is manually set or operated by manipulating the control arm 46, the upright lever 38 swings about its pivotal connection 31 with the link 36.

The idling spring is adjusted by means of the screw 53; and the high speed spring 22 is adjusted by means of the bearing retaining nuts l8 on the upper end of the vertical shaft I2. This vertical shaft, together with the parts mounted thereon, may be inserted in and removed from the governor housing A through the opening closed by the cover I. The high speed springs 22 rotate with the vertical supporting shaft l2 therefor and thus do not transmit any load to the ball thrust bearing 30, which takes only the relatively light load imparted thereto by the idling speed spring 5|. I

The external control or throttle arm 46 is capable of manual operation independently of the governor mechanism either when manual operation is desired and when it is desired to, set the governor at idling speed or high speed or any speed intermediate therebetween.

The adjustable stop hook 54 limits the maximum fuel supply for a given speed setting of the throttle or control arm 46 and thus prevents the operator from overloading the engine with too much fuel and thus causing it to smoke. The adjusting screw 58 in the cover I, of the governor housing allows the stop hook 64 to be set in any desired position to limit the maximum quantity of fuel supply. As the maximum'travel of the pump control rod during the operation of the engine does not provide a quantity of fuel .sufiicient for starting the engine, the stop hook 64 is adapted to automatically drop clear of the pump control rod whenever the engine is stopped. This automatic release of the stop hook 64 is brought about by the pressure of the finger portion or extension 32a of one of the branches of the yoke 32 of the yoke lever 3| on the lug 60 of said stop hook when the governor is not operating and the thrust sleeve 24 is in its lowermost position. Thus, a greater quantity of fuel may be supplied to the engine during starting than when the engine is running. When the engine starts the centrifugal levers 25 lift the finger 32, thereby permitting the stop hook 64 to again swing into operative position in the path of the pin 40 on the control rod I. This arrangement permits the quantity of fuel to be increased when starting the engine; and it also prevents the operator from overloading the engine and causing it to smoke while running.

The operator may stop the engine regardless of the position of the throttle arm 46 or the operation of the governor mechanism, by moving the stop arm 62 against the tension of the spring. 63 to swing the stop hook 6| into engagement with the upright lever 38 and thus shift the pump control rod in a direction that will completely shut off the fuel supply to the engine. This stop hook 6| is'normally held in inoperative position by the tension spring 63.

The governor is a completely enclosed, selfcontained, fully automatic unit. All forces due to the action of the centrifugal levers at all speeds are taken in tension by the vertical shaft l2 and in compression by the thrust sleeve 24, thereby decreasing the loads on and prolonging th life of the bearings for said shaft. The helical drive gearing provides for quiet operation of the governor; and all adjustments may be quickly and easily made from conveniently located points located externally of the governor housing. The adjustable stops 49 and 50 for the throttle arm 46 limit the operator to predetermined idling and high speeds.

Reference is hereby made to my copending application Serial No, 238,294 filed November 2, 1938, for subject matter divided out of the present application.

What I claim is:

1. A speed governor for internal combustion engines including a movable fuel feed control member and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel feed control member to actuate the same when the speed 'of said shaft varies, manually operable means associated with said governor means for actuating said movable fuel feed control member, and means releasable in the inoperative position only of said governor means for preventing movement of said fuel feed control member by said manually operable means beyond a predetermined fuel feed position.

2. A speed governor for interial combustion engines including a movable fuel feed control member and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel feed control member to actuate the same when the speed of said shaft varies, manually operable means associated with said governor means for actuating said fuel feed control member, and means operable in the inoperative position only of said governor means for preventing movement of said fuel feed control member by said manually operable means beyond an adiustable predetermined fuel feed position.

3. A speed governor for internal 'combustion engines including a reciprocable fuel feed control member and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively .connected to said fuel feed control member to reciprocate the same when the speed of said shaft varies. manually operable means associated with said governor means for reciprocating said fuel feed control member, means cooperating with said fuel control means for limiting the travel thereof in the fuel feed direction, and means whereby said last mentioned means is rendered inoperative in the inoperative position of said governor means.

4. A speed governor for internal combustion engines including a movable fuel feed control member and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel control member to actuate the same when the speed of said shaft varies, manually operable means associated with said governor means for actuating said fuel feed control member, a stop device as* sociated with said fuel fe'ed control member for limiting the movement thereof in its fuel feed feed control member and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsiveto the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel feed control member to reciprocate the same when the speed of said shaft varies, means associated with said governor means for manually changing the position thereof, a stop device associated with said fuel control member and operable only in the operative position of said governor means to limit the travel thereof in its fuel feed direction, and means for adjusting said stop device to lengthen or shorten such travel.

6. A speed governor for internal combustion engines including a reciprocable fuel feed control rod and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel feed control rod to reciprocate the same when the speed of said shaft varies, manually operable means associated with said governor means for actuating said fuel feed control rod, a stop device associated with said fuel feed control rod for limiting the movement thereof in its fuel feed direction, means for adjusting said stop device relative to said fuel feed control rod to lengthen or shorten such movement, and means operated by the movement of said governor means to inoperative position for automatically rendering said stop device inoperative.

'7. A speed governor for internal combustion engines including a reciprocable fuel feed control i member and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel feed control member to actuate the same when the speed of said shaft-varies, manually operable means associated with said governor means for varying the setting of said reciprocable fuel feed control mem-, her, a pivotally supported hook member, a spring for holding said hook member in the path of an abutment provided therefor on said fuel feed control member to limit the travel thereof in its fuel feed direction; and means for bodily adjusting said pivoted hook member relative to said fuel feed control member in the direction of its reciprocating movement.

8. A speed governor for internal combustion engines including a reciprocable fuel feed control member and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel feed control member to actuate the same when the speed of said shaft varies, manually operable means associated with said governor means for varying the setting of said recim'ocable fuel feed control member, a pivotally supported hook member, a spring for holding said hook member in the path of an abutment provided therefor on said fuel feed control member to limit the travel thereof in its fuel feed direction, means for bodily adjusting said pivoted hook member relative to said fuel feed control member in the direction of its reciprocating 'movement, and means operated by the movement of said governor means to inoperative position for swinging said hook member clear of said abutment.

9. A speed governor for internal combustion engines including a movable fuel feed control member and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel feed control member to actuate the same when the speed of said shaft varies, manually operable means associated with said governor means for varying the position of said fuel feed control member, a

pivotally supported hook member, a spring for holding said hook member in the path of said fuel feed control member to limit the movement thereof in a direction that will increase the fuel feed, and means for adjusting said pivoted hook member relative to said fuel feed control member to vary the point in its fuel feed movement where it engages said pivoted hook member, said means comprising a lever supporting said hook member and a screw engaging said lever for varying the angular position thereof.

10. A speed governor for internal combustion engines including a movable fuel feed control member and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel feed control member to actuate the same when the speed of said shaft varies, means associated with said governor means for manually varying the set ting of said fuel feed control member, a pivotally supported hook member, a spring for'holding said hook member in the path of said fuel feed control member to limitthe movement thereof in its fuel feed direction, and means for adjusting said pivoted hook member relative to said fuel feed control member to vary the point in the travel of the latter where it engages the pivoted hook member, said means comprising a lever supporting said hook member and a screw engaging said lever for varying the angular position thereof, said governor means including an element adapted in the inoperative position of said governor means to engage said hook member and swing the same to inoperative position against the tension of said spring.

11. A speed governor for internal combustion engines including a movable fuel feed control member and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel feed control member to actuate the same when the speed of said shaft varies, manually operable means associated with said governor means for varying the position of said fuel feed control member, and manually-operable means associated with said governor means for shifting said control member to a position that will cut off the fuelsupply in both operative and inoperative positions of said governor means and in all positions of the means for manually varying the position of said fuel feed control member.

12. A speed governor for internal combustion engines including a movable fuel feed control member and a shaft driven by said engine, governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel feed control member to actuate the same when the speed 'of said shaft varies, manually operable means associated with said governor means for varying the position of said fuel feed control member, manually operable means associated with said governor means for shifting said control member to stop position to cut off the fuel supply in both operative and inoperative positions of said governor means and in all positions of the means for manually varying the position of said fuel feed control member,'and means for normally holding said manually operable stop means in inoperative position.

13. A speed governor for internal combustion engines including a movable fuel feed control member and a shaft driven by said engine, and governor means responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel control member to actuate the same when the speed tion of said governor to move said stop device to of said shaft varies, said means comprising centrifugal levers pivotally mounted on said shaft for swinging movement toward and away therefrom, a thrust sleeve mounted on said shaft and adapted to be shifted longitudinally thereof by the outward movement of said centrifugal levers, a high speed spring sleeved on said shaft and adapted to be compressed by the pressure of said thrust sleeve, a lever having one arm adapted to be actuated by the movement of said sleeve in the direction of said high speed spring, an idling speed spring operatively engaging said lever for yieldably resisting the movement imparted thereto by said thrust sleeve, a second lever pivotally supported at one end operatively connected at its other end to said fuel control member, said first mentioned lever having a second arm, and a link connecting said second arm with said second lever intermediate between the ends of the latter, manually operable means for manually shifting the pivot at one end of said second lever to swing the same about its pivotal connection with said'link; a stop device cooperating with said fuel feed control member for limiting the movement thereof in its fuel feed direction, and means for automatically moving said stop device to inoperative position in the inoperative position of said governor means, said means comprising a finger on said first mentioned arm-of said first mentioned lever adapted in the inoperative posiinoperative position.

14. A speed governor for internal combustion engines including a movable fuel feed control member and a horizontal shaft driven by: said engine, and a governor responsive to the speed of said shaft and operatively connected to said fuel feed control member to actuate the same when the speed of said shaft varies, said governor comprising a housing, bearings for supporting said horizontal shaft in said housing, a vertical shaft journaled in said housing, spiral gearing connecting said shafts, centrifugal levers pivotally supported on said vertical shaft for vertical swinging movement towards and away therefrom, a thrust sleeve axially slidable but nonrotatably mounted on said vertical shaft and adapted to be shifted vertically thereon when said centrifugal levers swing outwardly due to centrifugal force, a thrust bearing on said thrust sleeve, a high speed spring mounted on said vertical shaft above said thrust sleeve between spring seats provided therefor on said shaft, means for adjusting the tension of said high speed spring, a lever pivotally supported in said housing for vertical swinging" movement therein, said lever having a yoke arm adapted to straddle said thrust sleeve and provided with pins adapted to be engaged by the upper end of said thrust bearing, an idling speed springmounted in said housing and cooperating with said yoke lever for holding the pins of the yoke arm thereof in engagement with said thrust bearing, means for adjusting said spring, an upright lever in said housing, a manually shiftable' pivot for supporting the lower end of said upright lever, said yoke lever having a depending arm, a link connecting said depending arm with said upright lever intermediate between the upper and lower ends thereof, a connection between the upper end of said upright lever and said fuel control member, a stop device releasible by the movement of said governor to inoperative position for limiting the movement of said fuel feed control member in its fuel feed direction, means for adjusting said stop device relative to said fuel feed control member, a hook pivoted in said housing, manually operable means for swinging said hook into engagement with said upright lever between the upper end thereof and the link connection therewith to swing said lever about the pivot at the lower end thereof to shift the fuel feed control member in a direction that will cut off the fuel supply, and means for normally holding said hook out of engagement with said upright lever.

ALDEN P. THOMAS.

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