US2146938A - Production of photographic emulsions - Google Patents
Production of photographic emulsions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2146938A US2146938A US69520A US6952036A US2146938A US 2146938 A US2146938 A US 2146938A US 69520 A US69520 A US 69520A US 6952036 A US6952036 A US 6952036A US 2146938 A US2146938 A US 2146938A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- silver halide
- emulsified
- emulsions
- gelatine
- ammonia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 40
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 9
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001935 peptisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001072332 Monia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- KTRGHLZBDIJZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N elatine Natural products CCN1CC2(CCC(OC)C34C2C(OC)C5(OCOC56CC(OC)C7CC3(O)C6C7OC)C14)OC(=O)c8ccccc8N9C(=O)CC(C)C9=O KTRGHLZBDIJZLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/015—Apparatus or processes for the preparation of emulsions
Definitions
- My invention relates to photographic emulsions bromide of a, finer grain preformed in the form and o e especially t means whereby emulsions of a sediment and which may or may not have possessing particularly favorable properties can been emulsified in an emulsion substratum such be produced in a particularly simple and effective as for instance gelatine, the mixture thus obmanner.
- V tained being subjected to a suitable aging tem-
- perature under the action of chemical substances the Production of Photographic emulsions by first favoring the aging process, such as for instance causing the silver halide and more especially silsolutions of ammonia.
- gelatine is mixed With a 15 the preparation of photographic mixtures of 11- solution of nitrate of silver, which solution may ver halides and gelatine or the like are greatly also contain some gelatine, the two solutions besimplified. Hitherto this mode of proceeding 8 mixed in Such pr p that in the merely allowed producing fine-grained phototure a ht excess of bromide, for instance graphic emulsions, which were little sensitive to amounting to is Present The Silver hallde the action of light and to produce similar emulformed in the solution is allowed to settle down sions, which are known under the name of as a Sediment, whi h i w Washed A P peptisation emul i it v di r.
- t n t there 18 also gradually added some ammonia be produced but also by their high Sensi such an extent that the ammonia which evaptivlty to the action or light, which as a rule surorates during P' period is replaced.
- gelatine is added the mixture of silver 0 AS I have already mentioned above t was halide and gelatine until the emulsion contains hitherto om sslble to mduce 'tisation suflicientgelatine (about 9%). After the missemulsions fi f a fine and apssnsitivity ing gelatine has thus been added, the emulsion a till be kept some time at an elevated temup to about 14 Din.
- the present may 8 inventionnowx am enabledtopmduce peptisafion perature without adding ammonia, and then the 40 ammonia still present in the emulsion is cautious- 3:5 2;; g gf figfi g ggg :gz' i gg g g f ly neutralized, for instance by adding citric acid.
- the emulsion is now perloda silver halide and more silver divided; to one or the two portions is added some proceeding is continued until the whole of the emulsion has been added.
- 'I now add so much gelatine, that the emulsion contains about 9% gelatine.
- the mixture may be kept at an elevated temperature for some time without adding ammonia, until the greater part of the ammonia still present in the gelatine has evaporated; The remaining emulsion may be neutralized by adding citric acid and may then be poured.
- Example 3 300 grams silver nitrate are dissolved in 3000 ccms. distilled water.- n the other hand, 210 grams potassium bromide, 7.5 grams potassium iodide and grams gelatine are dissolved in another 3 litres distilled water. The silver salt solution is now entered under continuous stirring in the alkali halide solution. After the silver halide has formed and settled down as a sediment, the supernatant liquid is removed by decantation and the silver'bromide is washed once with distilled water and divided in two parts. The first part is added under continuous stirring to a solution containing 400 grams gelatine and 100 ccms. of a 25% ammonia solution in 4500 ccms. distilled water.
- This mixture is kept minutes at 50 C. and there is now added to it the other half of the silver halide-sediment together with another 100 ccms.-of a ammonia solution.
- the mixture is kept further minutes at 50 C. under continuous stirring and the ammonia still present therein is neutralized with citric acid, until the emulsion shows only a very slight alkaline or a od remain unchanged.
- This general idea consists therein, that while the emulsion is being prepared, and more especially while it is being diadding to the em ulsions containing'substancessuch as ammonia, which further the aging progested, there is slowly fed to the growing silver halide grain fresh, if possible chemically pure silver halide.
- the method of aging photographic peptisation emulsions which comprises mixing sedimented silver halide, which has been freed from adhering substances and emulsified in a liquid binder, with another portion of sedimented silver halide also freed from adhering substances, which has a finer grain than the aforesaid emulsified silver halide and causing the mixture to get at a suitable temperature in the presence of a substance adapted to promote the aging process.
- the method of aging photographic peptisation emulsions which comprises mixing sedimented silver halide, which has been freed from adhering substances and emulsified in a liquid binder, with another portion of sedimented silver halide also freed from adhering substances and emulsified in a liquid binder which portion has a finer grain than the aforesaid emulsified silver halide and causing the mixture to age at a suitable temperature'in the presence of a substance adapted to promote the aging process.
- tion emulsions which comprises mixing sedimented silver halide, which has been freed from adhering substances and emulsified in a liquid binder and aged therein, with another portion of sedimented silver halide also freed from adhering substances, which has a finer grain than the aforesaid emulsified silver halide and causing the mixture to age at a suitable temperature in the presence of a substance adapted to promote the aging process.
- the method of aging photographic peptisation emulsions which comprises mixing sedimented silver halide, which has been freed from adhering substances and emulsified in a liquid binder and aged therein, with another portion of sedimented silver halide also freed from adhering and emulsified in a'liquid binder which portion has a finer grain than the aforesaid emulsified silver halide and causing the mixture to age at a'suitable temperature in the presence of a substance adapted to promote the aging process.
- the method of aging photographic peptisation emulsions which comprises mixing .sedimented silver halide, which has been freed from adhering substances and emulsified in a liquid binder, with another portion of sedimented silver halide also freed from adhering substances, which 35 has a finer grain than the aforesaid emulsified silver halide and causing the mixture to age at a suitable temperature in the presence of ammonia.
- the method of aging photographic peptisation emulsions which comprises mixing sedimented silver halide, which has been freed from adhering substances and emulsified in a liquid binder, with another portion of sedimented silver halide also freed from adhering substances, and emulsified in a liquid binder which portion has a finer grain than the aforesaid emulsified silver halide and causing the mixture to age at a suitable temperature in the presence of ammonia.
- the method of aging photographic peptisation emulsions which comprises slowly and gradually mixing sedimented silver halide, which has been freed from adhering substances and emulsified in a liquid binder, with another portion of sedimented silver halide also freed from adhersubstances, which has a finer grain than the aforesaid emulsified silver halide and causing the mixture .toiage at a suitable temperature in the presence of a substance adapted to promote the aging process.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE472639X | 1935-04-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2146938A true US2146938A (en) | 1939-02-14 |
Family
ID=6541460
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US69520A Expired - Lifetime US2146938A (en) | 1935-04-05 | 1936-03-18 | Production of photographic emulsions |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2146938A (en:Method) |
| BE (1) | BE414540A (en:Method) |
| FR (1) | FR803585A (en:Method) |
| GB (1) | GB472639A (en:Method) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2976149A (en) * | 1956-10-30 | 1961-03-21 | Repro Design & Equipment Compa | Direct positive photographic emulsion |
| US2982652A (en) * | 1957-06-18 | 1961-05-02 | Gevaert Photo Prod Nv | Preparation of photographic emulsions |
| US3511662A (en) * | 1965-10-28 | 1970-05-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method of preparing silver halide grains having high internal sensitivity |
| US4758505A (en) * | 1985-11-09 | 1988-07-19 | Agfa Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft | Process and an apparatus for the production of photographic silver halide emulsions |
| US5427904A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1995-06-27 | Agfa-Gevaert Ag | Process for the preparation of silver halide emulsions |
-
0
- BE BE414540D patent/BE414540A/xx unknown
-
1936
- 1936-03-18 US US69520A patent/US2146938A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1936-03-20 FR FR803585D patent/FR803585A/fr not_active Expired
- 1936-03-25 GB GB8939/36A patent/GB472639A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2976149A (en) * | 1956-10-30 | 1961-03-21 | Repro Design & Equipment Compa | Direct positive photographic emulsion |
| US2982652A (en) * | 1957-06-18 | 1961-05-02 | Gevaert Photo Prod Nv | Preparation of photographic emulsions |
| US3511662A (en) * | 1965-10-28 | 1970-05-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method of preparing silver halide grains having high internal sensitivity |
| US4758505A (en) * | 1985-11-09 | 1988-07-19 | Agfa Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft | Process and an apparatus for the production of photographic silver halide emulsions |
| US5427904A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1995-06-27 | Agfa-Gevaert Ag | Process for the preparation of silver halide emulsions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE414540A (en:Method) | |
| FR803585A (fr) | 1936-10-03 |
| GB472639A (en) | 1937-09-27 |
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