US2146185A - Automatic firearm - Google Patents

Automatic firearm Download PDF

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Publication number
US2146185A
US2146185A US92981A US9298136A US2146185A US 2146185 A US2146185 A US 2146185A US 92981 A US92981 A US 92981A US 9298136 A US9298136 A US 9298136A US 2146185 A US2146185 A US 2146185A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
barrel
firearm
breech
movement
firing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US92981A
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English (en)
Inventor
Holek Vaclav
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CESKOSLOVENSKA ZBROJOVKA A S BRUNN
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
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Publication of US2146185A publication Critical patent/US2146185A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/02—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/10—Spring-operated systems
    • F41A25/12—Spring-operated systems using coil springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/02—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/10—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis with sliding breech-block, e.g. vertically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/30—Gas- or recoil-operated, e.g. selection of gas- or recoil-operated systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic firearm and has for its object increased stability as compared with previously known automatic firearms, especially when the firearm is mounted on a gun-carriage or on a stand, and consequently an increased accuracy of fire.
  • This object is achieved according to the present invention by making full use of early firing for damping the reaction forces which act upon the mechanism of the firearm and upon the stand or support during firing.
  • early firing is meant the firing of the cartridge at the moment when the sliding masses of the firearm are in the course of their forward movement and have not yet reached their forward turning point.
  • the present invention employs early firing in a firearm of the kind in which the energy of the recoil together with the energy of the expanding gases, which are produced in the barrel on discharging the firearm, make use of two mechanisms of the firearm for their absorption, namely the sliding barrel on the one hand and the gas piston mechanism or other gas motor, which drives the whole operating mechanism of the firearm, on the other hand.
  • the firearm in which the firing of the cartridge takes place during the return i. e. the forward movement of the barrel, which follows the rearward movement following the firing before the front turning point is reached, is provided with a movable barrel which absorbs part of the energy of the recoil during firing and with a motor which makes use of the gas expansion in the barrel for driving the operating parts of the firearm, such as the breech-block and cartridge feed mechanism,
  • the motor which advantageously has the form of a gas piston mechanism, thus operates completely independently of the movement of the barrel and serves for actuating the breech-block mechanism and/or the cartridge feed mechanism, Whilst the movable barrel, which reciprocates between the early firing 'and the relatively weak forwardly acting spring, brings about the damping of the reaction forces.
  • the arrangement according to the present invention can be made use of when shooting with ammunition ofdifierent explosive pressures without any disadvantages making themselves felt.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the firearm and the gas piston mechanism. The position of the mechanism is that'obtaining at the moment after the first shot has been fired.
  • Fig. 2 shows a portion of the same section of the firearm with the operating mechanism in another position
  • Fig. 3 illustrates diagrammatically the course of the movement of the sliding masses of the firearm inits various phases.
  • I is an air-cooled barrel mounted longitudinally in the casing'2 of the firearm.
  • the muzzle of the barrel is provided withv a vent 3 which communicates with the gas cylinder 4.
  • the gas cylinder is secured to the barrel I.
  • a casing 8 for the breech block 9 is supported and controlled by the carrier I0, the forward extension of which forms the rod II which ends in the gaspiston I2. Only the gas piston I2 there fore is mounted in the gas cylinder 4.
  • the breech block carrier I0 is loaded by the return spring I4 one end of which presses against the rear wall of the firearm casing 2.
  • the carries I0 is provided with the projection I! which depending on its position relative to the breech-block 9- actuates, by a rear cam face, the breech-block mechanism and by a front cam face the firing pin I8.
  • the barrel I is loaded by the spring I5 which is mounted in the two part housing 18.
  • the frontthe-barrel. 'The upper end .of the part 20 cooperates with the projection 22 on the barrel, and the part 20 itself is moved in one direction by the inclined projection 28 on the rodII and C breech in a known manner.
  • the releasing device arranged in the casing 2 of the firearm comprises the trigger 28 and the double-armed lever 29, one arm of which is pressed against the trigger 28 by the spring 30, while its other arm cooperates with the projection 3
  • the cartridges are arranged on a band which is conveyed stepwise by a feed device which may be of any known construction and may comprise a movable plate 32 and pawls actuated by a lever mechanism in dependency from the carrier I0 so that the energy of rearward movement of the breech-block carrier is transferred to this plate.
  • the actionof the firearm is as follows:
  • the firearm system comprising the barrel I, the casing 8, the breech block 9, the carrier III, the rod II and the piston I2, moves rearwardly as a whole under the influence of the expanding gases, whereby the return spring I5 is compressed.
  • the breech block carrier I0 due to the action of the gas pressure in the gas cylinder 4 upon the piston I2, begins to move rearwardly with greater speed than the barrel I.
  • the unlocking of the breech of the barrel and the ejection of the empty cartridge take place in any known manner, for instance by the rear cam face of the projection IT unlocking the breech 9 which may be arranged to be free, at this stage, for swinging movement or for rotation within the casing 8.
  • the path of the breech-block carrier I 0 and of the breech-block 9, which form together the breech-block mechanism proper, is considerably longer than the path of the barrel I with the casing 8.
  • the movement of the carrier I0 proceeds counter to the action of return spring I4 and is limited by a stop on the rear wall of the casing 2.
  • the carrier I0 is meanwhile driven forward together with the breech block 8, accelerated bythe spring I4, and during this movementthe' breech block. slides a new cartridge into the firing chamber of -the barrel and closes the Shortly thereafter the projection 23 on the still forward moving piston rod displaces the part 20 againstlthe action of the spring-2
  • Fig. 3 represents schematically the successive positions occupied by the barrel and the movable parts associated therewith, in the course of a number of successive discharges during automatic operation of the firearm.
  • A1, A2 are fixed abutments arranged in the casing of the firearm which limit the maximum reciprocating movements of the system of masses.
  • M1 represents the mass of the barrel I together with the parts 4, 8 connected therewith, whilst M2 represents the mass of the breech block mechanism 9, Ill, H, [2.
  • the perpendicular lines U1, U2 represent the turning points of the reciprocating movements of the barrel, U1 being the front and U2 the rear turning point.
  • the position I represents the position of the operating mechanism of the firearm when firing is commenced.
  • the position 11 represents the rear turning point of the barrel in the series of operations performed in the firing of the first shot.
  • the breech block mechanism 9, l since it traverses a longer path of movement, does not at this moment form a unitary system with the barrel I.
  • the position III represents the moment when the whole system of masses I, 4, 8, 9, II), II, I! is released as a whole by the sear member for forward movement during which movement over the distance Z the shot leaves the barrel.
  • the barrel together with its associated parts meanwhile continues to move forward until it reaches the front turning point U1.
  • the subsequent end positions occupied by the barrel during further automatic action of the firearm are represented at V, VI,--V]I and VIII.
  • the intermediate positions corresponding to position III occupied by the moving parts during such 'further automatic action are omitted from the figure for the sake of simplicity.'-
  • An a "tomatic firearm comprising in combination; a casing, a slidable'barrel, a gas motor fixed to said barrel and a breech arranged to be operated by said gas'motor, all reciprocally mounted in said casing so as to be moved rearward by the recoil force of an exploding cartridge, spring means arranged to move said'parts forward and means for firing a cartridge while said barrel is in the course of its forward movement.
  • An automatic firearm comprising in combination, a casing, a slidable barrel, a gas motor fixed to said barrel and a breech, all reciprocally mounted in saidcasing so as to be moved rearward by the recoil force'of an exploding cartridge, spring means arranged to move said parts forward, means for locking said breech, arranged to be operated by said gas motor, and means for firing a cartridge, while said barrel is in the course of its forward movement.
  • An automatic firearm comprising in combination, a casing, a slidable barrel,,,a gas motor fixed to said barrel and comprising a gas cylinder fixed to and communicating with the boring of said barrel and a piston reciprocable in said cylinder so as to be actuated by the gas developed by the explosion of a cartridge and a breech arranged to be operated by said gas motor, all reciprocally mounted in said casing so as to be moved rearward by the recoil force of an exploding cartridge, a cartridge feed mechanism, spring means arranged to move said barrel, breech and cylinder forward, spring means arranged to independently move said piston forward, and means for firing a cartridge, while said barrel is in the course of its forward movement.
  • An automatic firearm comprising in combination, a casing, a slidable barrel, a gas motor fixed to said barrel and comprising a gas cylinder fixed to and communicating with the boring of said barrel and a piston reciprocable in said cylinder so as to be actuated by the gas ,developed by the explosion of a cartridge and a breech, all reciprocally mounted in said casing so as to be moved rearward by the recoil force of an exploding cartridge, a cartridge feed'mechanism, said motor being arranged for operating said cartridge feed mechanism, spring means arranged to move forward said barrel, breech and cylinder and, independently thereof, said piston, and means controlled by said gas motor for firing a cartridge while said barrel is in the course of its forward movement. 5.
  • An automatic firearm comprising in combination, a casing, a slidable barrel, a gas motor fixed to said-barrel, said motor comprising a gas cylinder fixed to and communicating with the boring of said barrel and a piston reciproca- It is clear from the figure, that. during conoperating said breech and said cartridge feed -mechanism, spring means arranged to move forward said barrel, breech and cylinder and,
  • said piston independently thereof, said piston, means con'' trolled by said gas motor for firing a cartridge while said barrel is in the course 'of its forward movement, and meansmonnected with said m0- tor piston for controlling the discharge of the cartridges during the forward movement of said barrel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
US92981A 1935-09-05 1936-07-28 Automatic firearm Expired - Lifetime US2146185A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CS193379X 1935-09-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2146185A true US2146185A (en) 1939-02-07

Family

ID=5450236

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US92981A Expired - Lifetime US2146185A (en) 1935-09-05 1936-07-28 Automatic firearm

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2146185A (en:Method)
BE (2) BE416937A (en:Method)
CH (2) CH193379A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE690171C (en:Method)
GB (2) GB465805A (en:Method)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2436370A (en) * 1942-07-24 1948-02-24 Albert M Alexander Automatic firearm feed mechanism
US2549162A (en) * 1943-06-18 1951-04-17 Blacker Latham Valenti Stewart Recoil operated firearm
US2558364A (en) * 1942-01-07 1951-06-26 Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Brno Barrel buffer for automatic firearms
US2846926A (en) * 1954-12-14 1958-08-12 John W Kimball Floating barrel action for automatic pistol
US2926638A (en) * 1957-06-26 1960-03-01 Herbert A Magnus Thruster with by-pass
US3057100A (en) * 1947-01-09 1962-10-09 United Shoe Machinery Corp Extractor for automatic guns
US3331283A (en) * 1966-04-13 1967-07-18 Bengt I Piskator Sear lock and release mechanism for differential recoil guns
US3410175A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-11-12 Olin Mathieson Recoil assembly for firearm
US4024792A (en) * 1973-05-24 1977-05-24 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Automatic shoulder arm
EP0055307A1 (en) * 1980-12-11 1982-07-07 Chartered Industries Of Singapore Private Limited Firearm
US4475438A (en) * 1980-12-11 1984-10-09 Chartered Industries Of Singapore Private Ltd. Gas operated, automatic or semi-automatic guns
US4502367A (en) * 1980-12-11 1985-03-05 Chartered Industries Of Singapore Private Ltd. Firearms bolt carrier assembly
WO1998055818A1 (en) * 1997-06-05 1998-12-10 Izhmash Ojsc Automatic weapon
US20180231343A1 (en) * 2015-07-10 2018-08-16 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Recoil intensifier of an externally powered machine weapon, in particular a machine gun
CN109204828A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2019-01-15 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 一种用于步枪后坐缓冲的小型无人机低后坐前冲机构

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454251A (en) * 1946-01-11 1948-11-16 Hamilton Wallace Cartridge feeding mechanism for automatic guns
US2627208A (en) * 1948-10-29 1953-02-03 Clarence E Simpson Feeding mechanism for automatic firearms
LU33164A1 (en:Method) * 1954-10-16
GB1567317A (en) * 1976-10-20 1980-05-14 Moore W J Gas operated firearm
GB0226660D0 (en) * 2002-11-15 2002-12-24 Bosher Gilbert F C Breech loaded gun
US9921022B1 (en) * 2017-06-13 2018-03-20 Michael Noyce Merino Firearm with gas-assist recoil operation system

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2558364A (en) * 1942-01-07 1951-06-26 Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Brno Barrel buffer for automatic firearms
US2436370A (en) * 1942-07-24 1948-02-24 Albert M Alexander Automatic firearm feed mechanism
US2549162A (en) * 1943-06-18 1951-04-17 Blacker Latham Valenti Stewart Recoil operated firearm
US3057100A (en) * 1947-01-09 1962-10-09 United Shoe Machinery Corp Extractor for automatic guns
US2846926A (en) * 1954-12-14 1958-08-12 John W Kimball Floating barrel action for automatic pistol
US2926638A (en) * 1957-06-26 1960-03-01 Herbert A Magnus Thruster with by-pass
US3410175A (en) * 1965-10-23 1968-11-12 Olin Mathieson Recoil assembly for firearm
US3331283A (en) * 1966-04-13 1967-07-18 Bengt I Piskator Sear lock and release mechanism for differential recoil guns
US4024792A (en) * 1973-05-24 1977-05-24 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Automatic shoulder arm
EP0055307A1 (en) * 1980-12-11 1982-07-07 Chartered Industries Of Singapore Private Limited Firearm
US4475438A (en) * 1980-12-11 1984-10-09 Chartered Industries Of Singapore Private Ltd. Gas operated, automatic or semi-automatic guns
US4502367A (en) * 1980-12-11 1985-03-05 Chartered Industries Of Singapore Private Ltd. Firearms bolt carrier assembly
WO1998055818A1 (en) * 1997-06-05 1998-12-10 Izhmash Ojsc Automatic weapon
US20180231343A1 (en) * 2015-07-10 2018-08-16 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Recoil intensifier of an externally powered machine weapon, in particular a machine gun
US11143476B2 (en) * 2015-07-10 2021-10-12 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Recoil intensifier of an externally powered machine weapon, in particular a machine gun
CN109204828A (zh) * 2018-09-29 2019-01-15 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 一种用于步枪后坐缓冲的小型无人机低后坐前冲机构
CN109204828B (zh) * 2018-09-29 2023-11-10 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 一种用于步枪后坐缓冲的小型无人机低后坐前冲机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE416937A (en:Method)
GB639540A (en) 1950-06-28
BE466194A (en:Method)
CH256778A (de) 1948-08-31
GB465805A (en) 1937-05-14
CH193379A (de) 1937-10-15
DE690171C (de) 1940-04-18

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