US2135662A - Electric gaseous discharge device - Google Patents

Electric gaseous discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2135662A
US2135662A US87770A US8777036A US2135662A US 2135662 A US2135662 A US 2135662A US 87770 A US87770 A US 87770A US 8777036 A US8777036 A US 8777036A US 2135662 A US2135662 A US 2135662A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
glass
lamp
caesium
mercury
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US87770A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hanlein Walter
Krefft Hermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US122310A priority Critical patent/US2135663A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2135662A publication Critical patent/US2135662A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
    • H01J61/20—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent mercury vapour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
    • C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric gaseous discharge devices generally, and more particularly' to vapor arc devices which operate at relatively high intensities.
  • a particular object of the invention is to provide a high intensity gaseous discharge lamp which will Yhave a long useful life. Another object of the invention is to eliminate the blackening of the lamp envelope. Another object of the invention is to provide a high intensity lamp in which the radiations of caesium arev added to those of mercury. Still other objects andadvantages of the invention will appear from the following.detailed'specifcation or from an inspection of the accompanying drawing.
  • the invention consists in a new and novel com.
  • a novel glass of our inventionA is used for the lamp envelope.
  • This novel glass has a silica content amountingto only 25 to 40%, a boric oxide content of 10 to 20%, an alumina content of 25 to 35% and an earth alkali oxide content of 20 to 40%. Furthermore the sum of the silicav and the boric oxide should not amount to more than 50% of the entire composition.
  • high intensity v,mercury vapor lamps having envelopes consisting of such a glass are not only subjected to no blackening during operation' but are also resistant to reduction by the caesium vapor even at the high operating temperatures.
  • ide and barium oxide are preferably used as the earth alkali oxides in this glass, but where desired they are partially replaced by magnesium oxide an'd zinc oxide.
  • the proportion of caesium added to the mercury is ordinarily of the order of 0.2 to 5%, but in some cases, as Where the lamp is operated at an especially high temperature, the caesium is introduced in proportions as high as 12%, in which case the caesium radiation becomes espe- Calcium oxcially strong in relation to the mercury radiation. It as been found that even with the largerof these caesiuxn additions, and with the correspondingly higher temperature of the discharge vessel which is necessary therewith, no blackening of the lamp envelope occurs either as a result of the discharge itself or as a result of the chemical influence of the caesium vapor.
  • 'Ihis novel glass of our invention has a low coefficient of expansion, and at the same time has a high softening temperature, in excess of that required by thel operating temperatures of the vInercury-caesium lamp.
  • our novel lamp has a tubular'envelope I lled with any suitable gas or vapor or ymixtures thereof.
  • any suitable gas or vapor or ymixtures thereof For example, We have',obtained; ⁇ excellent results using argon at a pressure of the order of 5 mm. of mercury, together with just enough mercury to provide sub-y stantially atmospheric pressure when it is all evaporated Mixed with this mercury is a small quantity of caesium, of theorder of 0.2 to 5%, or in some cases as much as 12%, of the mercury.
  • the space between the envelope I and the jacket 2 is either evacuated or filled with an indifferent gas, such as nitrogen, at any suitable pressure, such as half an atmosphere.
  • the jacket 2 has 'at one end thereof a stem 3, through the pinch 4 of Which two current inleads 5 and 6 are sealed.
  • the current inlead 5 is flexibly connected to the inlead 1 .which is fused into the adjacent end of the envelope I. carries at its-inner endfa thermionic cathode 8, while a second thermionic cathode 9 is carried by an inlead I0 which is sealed through the opposite end of the envelope I.
  • thermionic electrodes 8 and 9 can be of any desired type and composition, .but I prefer to use a wound Said inlead 'l tungsten helix, as shown, within which there' is retained a rod 8 and 9', respectively, of electron emitting material, such as a sintered mixture of parts of barium oxide and calcium oxide with I0 parts of tungsten, since such an electrode has been found to be exceptionally effective in my novel'lamp. Dished metal rings il and I2 are tted against the ends of the envelope I, and are held in this position by Vmeans of rigid longitudinal wires I3 and I4 which unite'them with each other.
  • wires I3 and I4 which together with the rings II and I2 f'orm a stiff frame surrounding the envelope I, are anchored in the pinch 4.
  • the wire I4 is 4in practice made an extension of the inlead 6, and the lower end thereof is flexibly connected with the inlead I0, so that this wire also serves to conduct the current to the thermionic cathode 9.
  • Each metal ring Il and I2 has a plurality of spring lingers l5 axed to the outside thereof which bear against the inner wall of the jacket 2, and thus serve to prevent lateral displacement of the envelope l.
  • a screw base 22 is rmly attached to the jacket 2 by means of the clamping band 23, leads 5 and '6 being connected to the tip 2d and sleeve 25 thereof, respectively.
  • the glass of the envelope I is preferably a glass of special-composition which We have discovered resists blackening when subjected to a high temperature mercury-caesium discharge.
  • This glass contains 25 to. 40% silica, 10 to 20% boric oxide, 25 to 35% alumina and 20 to 40% earth alkali oxide, the sum of the silica and the boric oxide in all cases being less than 50%.
  • Such a glass has a low coeicient of expansion and is likewise resistant to chemical attack by either mercury vapor or caesium vapor, even at temperatures considerably in excess of 500 C., so that no blackening of the envelope is produced by these vapors during operation of the lamps.
  • a glass of the following composition has proved This glass has a softening temperature considerably in excess of that required by any of these lamps, so that .a discharge at several atmospheres pressure can be operated in a lamp constructed thereof without damage.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
US87770A 1935-07-13 1936-06-27 Electric gaseous discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2135662A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US122310A US2135663A (en) 1936-06-27 1937-01-25 Glass composition

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP71541D DE637269C (de) 1935-07-13 1935-07-13 Quecksilberhochdrucklampe mit Edelgasgrundfuellung und Gluehelektroden
GB20775/35A GB458603A (en) 1935-07-13 1935-07-22 Improvements in luminous electric discharge lamps

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2135662A true US2135662A (en) 1938-11-08

Family

ID=25990961

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US87770A Expired - Lifetime US2135662A (en) 1935-07-13 1936-06-27 Electric gaseous discharge device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2135662A (fr)
DE (1) DE637269C (fr)
FR (1) FR47495E (fr)
GB (1) GB458603A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3219869A (en) * 1963-07-01 1965-11-23 Gen Electric Cesium vapor discharge lamp
US20080170384A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2008-07-17 Zhu Jing Jim Lamp

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3219869A (en) * 1963-07-01 1965-11-23 Gen Electric Cesium vapor discharge lamp
US20080170384A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2008-07-17 Zhu Jing Jim Lamp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB458603A (en) 1936-12-23
DE637269C (de) 1936-10-24
FR47495E (fr) 1937-05-25

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