US2125622A - Process and apparatus for waving human hair - Google Patents

Description

Aug.2,193s. l WHBLEUELETL` 2,125;622

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR WAVING HUMAN HAIR Filed Ag. 5', 1955 5 sheets-shea; 1

, Aug.v 2, 1938.

W. H. B-LEUEL ET'AL PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR wAvILNG 'HUMAN A113 Filed Aug. 5. 19:55 s sheets-sheetV 2- ATTORN EY Aug. 2, 1938. w. H. BLEUEL E T AL 2,125,622

PROCESS' AND APPARATUS FOR WAVING IFIUMAN'HAgtJR` Filed Aug. 5, 1935 s sheets-sheet 5 d? is Patented Aug. 2, 1938 .PATE-T oFFicE PROCESS ND APPARATUS FOR WAVING HUMAN HAIR' William H. Bleuel, Dormont, Pa., and Samuel Steek; Warren, Ohio; said Steek assigner to said Bleuel Application August 5, 1935, SeriahNo. 34,788 17 claims. (c1. 132-36) This invention relates generally to improvel ments in process and apparatus for Waving human hair, and more particularly for waving hair by the Croquignole and spiral methods.

This invention may be conveniently applied for waving hair by the method wherein either elecf tricity or steam may be used as the source of heating energy. For convenience in illustrating our invention we have employed the steam method. J

The present practice in both` methods is to gather the hair in strands and chemically treat the same. A clamp is then applied adjacent the roots of each strand, and the latter is then snugly wound on a mandrel.

In the electricmethod a feltqstrip is placed yaround the hair so as to absorb the vapors or condensate during the heating of the hairand to prevent the same from burning the patients scalp.

In the steam process the felt is lnot used as .the condensate is collected and drained from the hair as it is formed.

In both methods the wound hair is enclosed in an individual container or box. l:In the Croquignole method the mandrel is ordinarily held bythe clamp but in the spiral methodthermandrel is usually held in place by the container;

In both methods precautionary measures must Vbe taken to avoid the burning of the patients scalp. Pads and protectors of various kinds are generally used in the art for this purpose. I-Iowever with all these precautions burns `frequently result, because of the many opportunities for the escape of condensate or steam from the numerous containers on the patients head. The

. average person requires theluseof from twentyfour `to thirty-six individual curls `on the head for-a permanentwave. Each curl is enclosed in a boxand there are several places through which nthe condensate `may escape if it is improperly `installed-or if it is old` and worn.

, 4Again thequantity of apparatus-on afpa-tients head renders Vtheworkdiiiiclilt owing to congestion or lack ,of space. AIn thev electric process each box requires two `wires to energize the heating coils. In the steam process one-,or two ftubes maybe required for each box throughwhich the steam and the condensate are carried. `This adds to-the congestion and oftencreates individual pulling strains on some ofthe hair` strands, makingituncomiortable for the` patient.

One object of ourinvention is to provide, one,

or comparatively a few containers, each offwhich will hold apluralty of. strandsof=.hair ,while they are being waved, `thus avoiding the weight, congestion and pulling strains.

Another object is to provide a single container capable of carrying a plurality of hair strands, thereby enabling one to more effectively preventgg l the escape to the patients head.

Another object is to provide means for `cooling l the patients scalp during the process-of waving l the hair.

individual electric heating elements or a general electric heating element may be used in place of steam. In each case only two Wires.l are needed to carry the current to the patients head from whence it may branch to the individual curls or the general heating element as the case may be.

In the steam method only one or two :tubes areA required to carry the steam and the condensate to and from the patients head, which'will `be described in detail herein.

Another lobject is `to provide uid means for sealing the steam and spacing chambersof the hair waving apparatus.

Other objects, advantages and means to eiect the same will appear from the following descrip- Y tion.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein we. have illustrated a practical embodiment of Athe principles of our invention, Fig. lis a sectional View showing the application of our invention to hair waving apparatus using the Croquignole method with steam.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation showing thefscalp protector applied to a patients head.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section'` taken `through one of the hair strand necks yof the `scalp `protector and spacer.

Fig. 4 is a sectional View taken onwthe line 4--4 of Fig. 3.

=Fig. 5 is a broken perspective view on enlarged scale showingseveral of the rhairstrand necks of the scalp protector.

Fig. 6 is a broken perspective showinga strand Wound in the Croquignole manner and clamped in place over one of the necks.

Fig. 'l is a view similar to Fig.- 1 but illustrating the spiral` winding of the hair. ,55

Fig. 8 is a view in horizontal section of the scalp protector shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a broken perspective of the scalp protector illustrating the arrangement of the spirally wound strands.

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing a modification.

Fig. 11 is a rear elevation of the structure shown in Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a perspective view illustrating the channel spacer which the wave chambers show in Fig. 10.

Fig. 13 is a sectional View taken along the line I3-I3 in Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a sectional view showing the spacer cap illustrated in Fig. 10.

Fig. 15 is a sectional View partly broken away and showing the passages also illustrated in Fig. 11.

Referring to the drawings and more particularly to Figs. 1 to 8, 10 represents the scalp line of the human head. The hair of the head is divided into strands I I. Each strand is passed through a slot I2 of a spacer or heat insulating pad I3 which is preferably made of absorbent material such as felt, Preferably individual pads are employed for each strand.

I4 represents a exible scalp protector, preferably made of rubber or similar material capable of withstanding a considerable amount of heat without endangering its elastic gripping qualities. This protector comprises a skull cap portion I having a scalloped rim I E which forms an exterior trough I'I where rim joins the skull cap portion. The rim may have any desired shape. However we prefer the scalloped edge and the scallops are provided with snap fasteners I8.

These fasteners are used to hold superimposed apparatus in position. The scallop edge prevents breaking of the turned up rim and facilitates the engagement of the fasteners.

'I'he skull cap portion is provided with a plurality of upwardly extending walls forming necks I9 having throats or passages through the cap.` In the Croquignole method the necks are elongated whereas in the spiral method they are ordinarily tubular as in Fig.- 7. As shown in Figs. S-and 4 the throats in the necks I9 are provided with a series of annular ribs 20 which may be oppositely staggered as shown to permit their interengagement when the necks are compressed. Whether employed for the spiral or Croquignole method these ribs assist in gripping the hair as demonstrated in Fig. 4. The kinking of the hair between these ribs prevents it from slipping therethrough when a slight amount of pressure is used to compress the walls of the necks. This feature aids in preventing undesirable strains on the hair strands.

The ribs 2U also retard and deflect any seepage of condensate therethrough, thereby preventing scalpl burns.

The hair strands I I are wound on the mandrels 2|, which as shown in Figs. 1 and 6 are supported on `the clamps 22 whose jaws tightly grasp the lower portion of the necks I9, sealing the hair strands therein.

23 represents a hood or closure member which may be made of rigid material such as aluminum,

arranged to t the groove I 'I of the scalp protector I4. The lip has a perimetral contour similar to that of the shape of the human head. However, the wall of the protector I4 is thickened adjacent the groove II to compensate for slight uneven contours of the head. This permits the lip 26 of the hood to tightly fit in the groove I'I when the snaps I8 of the scalloped rim are turned up and secured to the buttons 28 on the bowl 24.

The outer perimetral edge of the rim 25 is turned upwardly and arranged to telescope within and snugly t the bowl. Different sizes of rims may be employed to t different shapes of heads, yet the perimetral edges of these rims all nt snugly in the bowl 24.

The use of one bowl with several rims permits the operators to prepare several patients for a wave and only one bowl which may be secured to the steaming apparatus is necessary since this bowl merely slides down over the rim and the scalp protector is snapped thereon.

The bowl 24 of Fig. 1 is provided with an annular groove 29 arranged to receive the ring shaped steam header or tubing 30 provided with the ports 3I which direct the steam at all angles within the chamber 2'I between the hood 23 and the scalp protector I4. The lower or rearward side of the ring 30 is provided with the outward extending neck 32 for connecting it with a steam, air, or Water source designated bythe pipes 33, 34 and 35 respectively, and which are controlled by the three way valve 36.

The lower or rearward portion of the hood is provided with the neck 31 for connecting the chamber 2I to the waste drain pipe 38. This passageway serves to discharge the chamber 2'1 of all the condensate, water or other liquids. The top of they bowl 24 is provided with the vents 39 which permit the steam to circulate through the chamber 2l and escape therefrom.

The drain passageway 31 may also be employed both as the steam inlet and condensate exhaust for the chamber 21 as shown in Fig. '7 and in the manner disclosed in our Patent No. 2,009,993 of August 6, 1935.

The apex of the bowl is provided with the opening 40 which may be enclosed with glass to form a window to observe the wound strands after the hood 23 has been positioned in place.

4I represents a direct tube which opens to the inner surface of the scalp protector 23. This tube may be divided by a longitudinal partition into two passages 42 and 43. When the apparatus is in place the patients scalp may be cooled by air or water by virtue of the tube 4I. If air is employed to cool the scalp an edge of the scalp protector opposite the ports in the passageway 4I may be raised from the head to exhaust the air after it has passed over the scalp, or it may be exhausted out of the other passageway in the tube.

Referring particularly to Figs. 7, 8 and 9, wherein corresponding parts are designated by the same numerals used to describe similar parts shown in Figs. 1 to 6, the scalp protector of this modification is provided with the tubular necks I9 to receive the hair strands II for the spiral method of waving hair, y

As described above the steam chamber 2'I shown Ving Fig. 7 is supplied with steam through .the passageway 31 at the rear of the apparatus. This passageway represents the lowest point in the steam chamber when the apparatus is in place, and the same port is preferably used for continuously discharging the condensate from the chamber during the steaming operation.

ill() ing to the pipe 5D.

\ Thus after the scalp protector has beeny positioned on the head and the necks I9 are closed, fluid may be circulated'into the tubular band 45 causing it to expand and seal'the scalp protector to the head. The fluid circulates by` escaping through the small holes 48l and into the space between the scalp and the scalp protectorlfrom whence it discharges out of the passagewayl49 and theltube 56. By controllingthe-extent of the openings in the passageways 48 and 49 dierentfluid pressures may be developed in the tube145 and under the scalp protector I4, thereby sealing the scalp protector to the head andproducing a pressure under the scalp protector to prevent seepage of condensate to theV head from thesteam chamber.

The fluid circulating. through the tube and on the patients scalp also insulates the head from the steam chamber, thereby maintaining the scalp cool during the waving process.

In the spiral method the strands of hair I I are `wound on the spindles 5I as shown indetail in Fig. 9. The hair itself supports 4the spindle ad- `jacent the neck throughvvhich the strand passes.

The other ends of the spindles 5I may be `supported by the independent stands 52 or theymaybe arranged to be supported bythe clamps 53 on adjacent necks I9.

Referring now to Figs. 10 to 15, 54 represents a scalp spacer, a part of which is `shown in detail in Fig. 14. Thislspacer comprises' the `flexible scalloped rim portion 155 provided-withthexsnap fasteners I8. The inner portion of saldrim vis provided with the integral annular hollow'band 56 which is supplied with the fluid inlet passage 5l at the rear thereof to form a COnnectiOnJWith the pipe ileading to a source of'fluid. 59 represents discharge ports in the upper wall of-the `band 56 which are located at .the front ofY the head. These discharge por-ts function --as inlet ports for the space 60 over Athe area of the scalp. The upper surface of the band 56 is shaped to form the trough 6I. 62 representsv a fluid discharge port for exhausting 'the chamber i160 through the drain pipe v63 near `the rear of `the spacer.

64 represents spacer head straps 'which a-re integral with the scalp spacer and are arranged-to support the same. As shown these straps-also divide the hair of the scalp into four parts preparatory to separating said hair into the strands I I. These straps may be made like a net for separating each strand. However, it is preferable to construct them as shown.

After the spacer 54 has been positioned on the head, the hair is divided off into the strands II to correspond to the necks I9 of the scalp protector I4 which is similar to that shown in Figs. l and 2.

When the hair strands II are drawn through the necks I9 and wound around on mandrels ready for waving, as previously described, the spreaders 65 may be placed over the scalp protector between the necks I9. These spreaders are preferably made of semi-hard rubber so that .tions 50, 58 and 'I0 as shown in Fig. 11.

they, while conforming .to the curvature of lthe "sca1p,will effect this spacing function. The ends of these spreaders are fastened together as at 65', making a group of said spacersinto a single unit.

. Ifthe clamps 22, shown in Fig. 5, are employed; I

`to Atightly clamp the hair in the necks I9 these `.spreaders 64 may be dispensed with as the upper erably made of soft rubber or other suitable mae i115 terial and comprises the cap portion 6l and the thick annular rim 68. The lower and rearward portionof said cap is provided with the passageway 69 for connection to the pipe 'Ill which serves to `supply steam to the chamber 2l and exhausti 20 condensate therefrom.

`The cap 66 is arranged to be snugly stretchedover the other apparatus on the head and the heavy rim 69 tightly compresses against the tubular band 56 thereby sealing the steam chamber25 21. The scalloped rim 55 of the scalp spacer andthe rim of the scalpprotector are then tightly sealed as an independent chamber on the patients head.

YThe rear of the scalp spacer rim 55 is slotted and arranged to overlap around the pipe connec- 2135 The operation and function of the sealing band 11.56` is. similar to the band 45 shown in Fig. 7.

`It is thus evident that by using greater pressures in the space between the scalp and the Ysteam chamber than the pressures in the steamsg chamber, the danger of scalp burns from the steam or its condensate is avoided. Again by `the use of a tubular pressure gasket surround- .ing the head the escape of moisture, steam or its condensates to the face or neck of the patient isp 5 prevented.

The advantage of doing away with the use of individual boxes or containers for each lock` of hair is vvery marked. It aiects a saving of time;

.rit is more convenient; and `the leakage of steami50 or its condensate is more easily prevented.

We claimzl. vIn apparatus for waving hair on the human l head the combination of a scalp protector provided with a plurality of hollow necks thrcughti55 Awhich the strands of hair are drawn and clamped, `a hood forming a heating chamber withsaid scalp protector for `enclosing `the wound hair strands for treatment, and a fluid actuated band for Y-sealirrgthe scalp protector to the head and to saidiitO hood 2.' In apparatus for waving hair on the human head the combination of a scalp protector provided vvith a plurality of hollow necks through l which the 'strands of hair are drawn and clamped, 65 a hood forming a heating chamber with said scalp protector for enclosing the wound hair strands for treatment, and means for circulating a fluid and maintaining it under suflicient pressure between the scalp and the scalp protector 70 to resist the passage of the heating medium to the scalp.

3. In a scalp protector the combination of a ilexible cap, a plurality of necks on said cap, i said necks having openings therethrough for receiving strands of hair, said protector being arranged to coact with an outer closure to provide a common heating chamber for waving the strands of hair passing through said necks.

4. In a scalp protector the combination of a base portion, an upwardly extending neck integralwith said base portion, said neck and said base having an opening therethrough for the passage of a strand of hair and ribs on the inner walls of said opening to form a seal.

5. The combination of a scalp spacer having a fluid actuated sealing band, a scalp protector arranged to telescope over said sealing band, and a hood member arranged to telescope over said scalp protector and a rim on said spacer arranged to fasten on said hood.

6. In a container for waving hair on the human head, the combination of a scalp protector comprising a single piece of resilient material having a plurality of seals through which strands of hair are drawn and clamped, and a closure member having its perimetral portion arranged to engage the perimetral portion of said protector to 'complete the closure member.

7. In a container for waving hair on the human head, the Vcombination of a scalp protector comprising a single piece of resilient material having a plurality of seals through which strands of hair are drawn and clamped, a closure member having its perimetral portion arranged to engage the perimetral portion of said protector to complete the closure member, and access means through the protector adjacent the lowermost portion thereof.

8. In a scalp protector for use in Waving human hair, a cap formed of ilexible material and provided with a plurality of apertures therethrough for receiving strands of hair, said cap being arranged to coact with a closure member to provide a common heating chamber for waving the strands of hair.

9. In apparatus for waving hair on the human head, the combination of a scalp protector comprising a single piece of resilient material having a base arranged for admitting a plurality of strands of hair to be waved, and a common closure member for covering said strands and having its perimetral portion arranged to engage the protector to complete the enclosure.

10. In apparatus for waving hair on the human head, the combination of a scalp protector comprising a single piece of resilient material having a base arranged for admitting a plurality of strands of hair to be waved, a common closure member for covering said strands and having its `perimetral portion arranged to engage the pro- `tector to complete the enclosure, and access means at the lowermost portion of the enclosure for draining iluid therefrom.

11. In apparatus for waving hair on the human head, the combination of a scalp protector comprising a single piece of resilient material having a base arranged for admitting a plurality of strands of hair to be waved, a common closure member for covering said strands and having its perimetral portion arranged to engage the protector to complete the enclosure, and access means at the lowermost portion of the enclosure for admitting the heating medium and draining fluid therefrom.

12. In a scalp protector a single piece of resilient material formed to providev a longitudinally slotted seal arranged to engage opposite sides of a strand of hair and a base extending laterally from the sides and walls of the seal, the walls of the said seal converging at either end to provide uniform thickness longitudinally of the seal when a clamp is applied thereto.

13. In a scalp protector the combination of a base portion, an upwardly extending neck integral with said base portion, said neck and said base having an opening therethrough for the passage of a strand of hair and ribs in staggered relation on the inner wall of the opening arranged to interengage to form a seal.

14. A scalp protector formed of flexible material and arranged to be placed on the head for use in waving the hair thereon, said protector having spaced apart openings through which strands of hair may be drawn for waving, and spacing means interposed at intervals between the protector and the scalp to provide clearance for a circulating medium to cool the scalp.

15. In apparatus for waving hair on the human head, the combination of a scalp protector having a hollow neck through which a strand of hair is rawn and clamped to be treated, means defining an enclosed space between the protector and the scalp, and means for introducing and retaining a fluid under pressure in said space to prevent hair treating agents from passing through the protector to the scalp.

16. In apparatus for waving hair on the human head, the combination of a scalp protector having a plurality of hollow necks through which the strands of hair are drawn and clamped, said scalp protector forming one side of a heating chamber in which the wound hair strands are treated, and means dening an enclosed space between the scalp and the protector for maintaining a fluid under suicient pressure to penetrate any defects in the protector and prevent the heating medium from having access to the scalp.

1'7. In the waving of human hair by heating a coiled strand of the same in an enclosure, the method of preventing injury to the scalp which comprises providing an enclosed space between the wall of said enclosure and the scalp and maintaining a cooling iluid in said space under sufficient pressure to prevent the ilow of hot fluid from the enclosure into said space.

WILLIAM H. BLEUEL. SAMUEL STEEK.

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