US2112942A

US2112942A - Imprinting apparatus

Info

Publication number: US2112942A
Application number: US23672A
Authority: US
Inventors: Edward C Wells
Original assignee: PLATT IRON WORKS Inc
Current assignee: PLATT IRON WORKS Inc
Priority date: 1935-05-27
Filing date: 1935-05-27
Publication date: 1938-04-05
Anticipated expiration: 1955-04-05

Description

April 5, 1938. E. c. WELLS IMPRINTING APPARATUS Filed May 27, 1955 3 Sheets-Sheet l attorney April 5, 1938. c, WELLS 2,112,942

IMPR INT ING APPARATUS Filed May 27, 1935 3 Shets-Sheet 2 Zhwentor A iil 5,, 938;

E. c. WELLS 2,112,942

IMPRINTING APPARATUS Filed May 27, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 174 I76 0 Q 0 l/ Patented Apr. 5, 1938 IMPRINTING APPARATUS Edward 0. Wells, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to Platt Iron Works, Inc., Dayton, Ohio. corporation of New York Application May 27, 1935, Serial No. 23,672

' 25 Claims. (Cl. 197-.84)

This invention relates to imprinting apparatus, and more particularly to apparatus for imprinting characters in justified lines.

One of the principal objects of the inventio is the provision of justifying apparatus that is simple in construction, is effective in operation, and which will accurately reproduce unjustified copy to lines of justified length within a wide range of line lengths.

Another object of the invention islthe provision of justifying apparatus that is arranged to readily receive a standard typewriter or the like in operating assembly therewith, in which an operating connection is afforded directly with the typewriter key bars and is rendered operable by the attachment of the typewriter to the justifying device.

v A further object of the invention is the provision of justifying apparatus comprising a compact assembly readily attachable to a standard typewriter or the like and having a shallow horizontally extending typewriter supporting frame portion which afiords a key positioning closely approximating that of a normal typewriter mounting, and a comparatively narrow vertically extending frame portion that carries the spacing mechanism of the justifying device in a position closely adjacent the rear of the typewriter.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims.

In the drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention,--

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the justify- Lug device and a typewriter in operating assem 1y;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the operating member that is engaged by the typewriter key bars and which serves to actuate the. justifying device;

Fig. 3 is an elevational view of the justifying device alone with the front portion removed for charms of illustration; the view being taken as indicated by the line 3-1 of Fig. 1; a

cated at 5-5 of Fig. 3 and shows the details of one of the pointers for the unjustified copyj Fig. 6 is a view in perspective of the reciprocable frame of the justifying device;

Fig. '7 is ahorizontal section as indicated at 1-1 of Pig. 1;

Fig; 8 is a vertical section as indicated by the line 8-4 of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional view as indicated by the line 9-9 of Fig. 7.

The justifying device of the present invention is of such character that it may be built into a typewriter or the like as an integral part thereof, but in accordance with the preferred embodiment, and as illustrated, it is a separate structure to which an existing complete typewriter may be assembled. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, in which like characters of reference designate like parts throughout the several views thereof, the justifying device is shown as comprising a frame l0 having a shallow horizontally extending portion ii that is arranged to receive a typewriter thereon in a predetermined position of assembly. The frame portion ii has typewriter attaching means in the form of extending lugs ii for the reception of screws II that threadedly engage the typewriter in the scrwholes which normally serve for the attachment of the typewriter feet. The usual typewriter feet, however, are removed, and as the justifier frame portion ii is quite shallow, the

operating position of the typewriter when asmay be readily accommodated on the frame.

Extending upwardly from the rear of the horizontally extending frame portion Ii and rigid or integral therewith is a vertically extending frame -or to permit ready replacement so that any one of a number of standard typewriting machines portion I! having provision for support of the justifying mechanism, which is indicated generally by the numeral it, and for support of an unjustified copy carrier II. The frame portion i5 is quite narrow and lies closely adjacent the rear of the typewriter.

The justifying device incorporates an operating connection to the typewriter key bars, and a driving connection to the typewriter carriage I! for control of movement thereof. In the justifying device, operatively interconnected between the operating connection and the driving connection, are adjustably variable spacing means.

The spacing means incorporates adjustments to compensate far various line shortages and to produce lines justified to a desired one of a plurality ofiineieagths. Havingmadethsminrodadjustments, actuation of the operating connection, working through the adjusted spacing means, moves the driving connection and connected typewriter carriage in desired amounts.

Both the operating connection to the key bars and the driving connection to the typewriter carriage are of such character that they are readily made upon assembly of a typewriting machine to the frame. The operating connection is arranged as a rockable ball 20 which lies within the horizontal frame portion ii and extends across it beneath the typewriter key bars which are indicated generally by the numeral 2i. As shown, the rockable bail 20 comprises parallel side rails 22 which extend upwardly at their forward ends and are joined to a cross rail 23 which, in the normal position of the rocking member,

' lies directly beneath the key bars and is of sumcient length transversely of the typewriting machine to underlie all of the keys, which have to do with a spacing movement, that is, all of the spacing or character keys. The ball 20 is supported on a pivot shaft 24 carried by the frame II and extending through aligned openings 25 in the side rails 22. Toward the rear of the machine the side rails are bent inwardly toward one another and are together bent to the rear to form a rearwardly projecting arm 25 'to which a link I! is pivotally attached by engagement in an opening 25 formed adjacent the end of the arm 26. A spring I serves to urge the rockable bail upwardly toward its normal position.

The cross rail ll lies closely adjacent the key bars so that upon actuation of any one of the named keys the bail '20 is engaged thereby and is caused to rock and thus impart an upward movement to the link 2! which has an operating connection to an escapement mechanism on the justifying device. The escapement, which may be of any suitable character, is shown to be of that type which is well known in the art and comprises a star wheel to which step-by-st'ep movement is imparted by movement of a rock member. In the present instance the rock member is actuated by movement of the ball 20. As shown, the link 21 is adjustably connected to a vertically slidable block 33 having an inclined forward face 34 that is engaged by the lower portion of the pring D essed rock member 35 that serves as the escapement release and controls movement of the escapement star wheel 36. Reciprocating movement of the link 21 rocks the member 35 to release the escapement wheel 35 for movement by the amount of one space step. A pinion 38 is connected to the star wheel and is in turn enseized by a rack 39 that is supported from the justifying mechanism. The usual overrunning clutch is provided between the star wheel and the pinion so that free ra'ck movement may occur in one direction while movement in the opposite or feedint g direction is under control of the escapemen The rack 30, as shown, is supported from a rockable U-shaped member 45 of which the parallel end portions 4| (Fig. 7) are pivotally mounted at 42 on forwardly projecting blocks 43 that are fixed to a plate 44. The plate 44 is mounted for sliding movement in the direction of rack travel upon a member 45 that is shown as a vertically extending plate and which, for simplicity in description, is referred to as the justifier carriage. As shown, the carriage 45 has laterally spaced forwardly extending bosses 45 which threadedly receive shoulder screws 41 that pass through laterally spaced horizontally extending slots 48 in theplate 44. The plate is closely held except for free sliding movement in the direction of the slots. I

The justifier carriage 45 is supported upon the frame portion l for reciprocating movement in the direction of rack travel. As shown, the carriage 45 has horizontally extending V rails adjacent the upper and lower edges thereof as indicated at 50 and 5|. The frame i5 has V rails 50' and 5| facing oppositely to the carriage rails and spaced therefrom an amount sufiicient to receive bearing balls therebetween. A plurality of balls 52 are positioned between the rails of each of the rail pairs and are maintained in properly spaced relationship by the provision of suitable spacing means. The bearing balls are spaced by being loosely mounted within star wheels 53 turning on vertical axes of which the teeth engage the teeth of racks positioned on the opposite sides'of each of the related rail pairs. The racks extend vertically, are laterally spaced and are positioned so that the teeth overlap in the plane of travel of the star wheels 53. As shown, the rearward sides of the carriage rails 50 and 5! have racks 54 while the forward sides of the frame rails 50' and 5! have racks 54 attached thereto as indicated in Fig. 1. The proportioning of the pitch diameter of thestar wheels, the diameter of the bearing balls and the arrangement of the rail grooves are such that free rolling movement is afforded while preventing the bearing balls from moving from their properly related positions.

It is the controlled relative movement between the rack supporting plate 44 and the justifier carrlage 45 that affords the space change necessary in the stepped movement of the typewriter carriage to provide justified writing, and mechanism is interposed between the plate and carriage and connecting these parts so the desired controlled movement may obtain. In order that the stepped movement of the movable parts mentioned above will be under the control of the escapement they are spring tensioned so that they are constantly urged toward the left (as viewed in Fig. 3) which is toward the right hand margin of writing. As shown, a spring tensioned spool 56, well known in the typewriter art for this purpose, carries a tape 51 that connects at 58 to the carriage 45 to provide the desired tension through the justifying parts, the plate 44 and raek 39, and the intermeshed pinion 38 through the one way clutch to the star wheel 36 which is thus held against the rock member and therefore may move to release the parts only upon actuation of the rock member 35 by operation of the typewriter keys.

Before describing the justifying parts the description will continue with reference to the driving connection to the typewriter carriage i 9 mentioned briefly above as being of such character that the connection is readily made upon applying a typewriter to the justifying device. As shown, the justifier carriage 45 has a forwardly projecting arm 50 (Figs. 1 and 7) which terminates in a readily replaceable cross bar 6i having a plurality of notches 52 therein. The typewriter carriage is provided with a lug 68 which may be selectively engaged in the desired notch of the bar 6!. As

shown, the engaging lug 63 is fixed to a rotatableshaft 64 thatis mounted on bearing blocks 55 that are attached to the typewriter carriage as, for example, by being fixed to the tabulating bar.

The lug 63 is urged. toward engaging position by provision of a spring 61, and may be released by depressing the finger piece 58. The notch side walls are inclined slightly toward one another. This, coupled with the spring tensioning of the lug, provides a driving interconnection that serves discussed in greater detail below and is taken up at this time merely to point out the driving connection between the justifier and the typewriter.

Referring now to the justifying mechanism, the plate 44 and carriage 45 are interconnected and relatively moved each time a key is struck by a member which is controlled or guided by an adjustably variable member. As shown the interconnecting member is constructed as a bell crank I0 having its central portion pivotally mounted for rocking movement upon a stud 'II that is fixed to and projects from the carriage 45. One end of the bell crank 10 is pivotally connected to a stud 12 that is fixed to and projects rearwardly from the plate 44; the stud 12 passing through a clearance opening 13 in the carriage 45. Although the movement of the stud I2 is in a straight line while the bell crank end to which it connects moves in a curved path about the pivot center 'II the angular travel of these parts is so small that binding does not occur although the parts are closely held. The opposite end I5 of the bell crank has a laterally projecting stud I8 that rotatably carries a roller H. The roller engages the adjustably variable member 00 which is shown as comprising a track including spaced parallel rails 8| that are joined adjacent one end by connection to a block 82 which in turn is pivotally connected at 83 to a bracket 84 fixed to a cross brace 85 of the frame portion I5. The opposite ends of the spaced rails are joined-by a connecting bar 81. The bar 01 and block 82serve to accurately space the rails apart such a distance that the bell crank roller TI is closely received therebetween and, although it is freely slidable therein, no lost motion may occur.

The bell crank moves with the justifier carriage and in moving traverses the member 80. If this member 80 lies parallel to the direction of car-.

riage movement no rocking movement of the bell crank will occur, and plate 44 and carriage will move the'same amount when a key is de-' pressed. If the member 80 is inclined the bell crank is caused to rock upon the pivot 'II and thus causes relative movement between the rack supporting plate 44 and the justifier carriage 45 during traverse of these parts. This relative movement is the justifying increment and modifies the normal movement of the typewriter carriage produced by actuation of the escapement. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention the track 80 is inclined upwardly from a normal horizontal position and when so moved increases the length of the character space steps accordingly. vIt is pointed out that the track may, if desired, have a downward inclination in which case the character spaces would be shortened when justifying so that the justified line. length would then be something lessthan the longest unjustified line.

To provide for accurate movement of the parts In response to a predetermined positioning of the track member 80 the pivot axis 83, upon which the member rocks, is midway between the adjacent faces of the spaced rails and therefore lies in the plane traversed by the bell crank stud axis I6 I in moving along the member 00. To provide for an aligned left hand margin, which is the position for adjustment of the parts, the parts are so 7 assembled that in the left hand margin position the pivot axis 03 and the stud axis I6 coincide so that the member 80 may be rocked without imparting movement to the bell crank and therefore 80 to establish a positioning that compensates for line shortage and is coordinated to the selected one of a plurality of justified linelengths. As shown, a vertically reciprocable frame 9| stands within the supporting frame portion I5 and con:-

prises side rails 92 having spaced slots 93 for reception of screws 94 that engage the frame l5 to slidably guide the frame 9| for rectilinear movement. The side rails are interconnected by cross members which, as shown, comprise a lower rod 96 and an upper bar 91. The upper bar is preferably of rectangular cross section. It is calibrated in steps of normal character spacing across the front 'face as indicated at 98 and is.correspondingly notched along the lower edge as indicated at 99. The rod and bar serve as supports for a member I00 that is slidable thereon and which has an operating connection to the adjustably variable track member 80. As shown, the member I00 comprises a plate like part which is formed at its upper end to overlie the bar 91 as indicated at I02, and is formed at its lower end into two arms that separately encircle the rod 96 as indicated at I03. The upper part has latch means to engage the bar and, as shown, this comprises a spring pressed detent I05 that engages to the lower part thereof, which pivotally carries a block III that engagesthe adjustably variable space controlling member 80. As shown, the block III is substantially U shaped of which the parallel arms II2 are cut away or notched as indicated at II3 to receive the opposing faces of the spaced rails 8| of the member 80. The pivotal mounting of the block, indicated at H4, is such that the axis of movement is midway between the rails 8| and therefore lies in the plane traversed by the bell crank arm pivot I6 as does the pivot axis 83 upon which the member 80 rocks. The engagement of the block I l I with the track member 80 is such that the block may freely move along the track but without lost motion.

For adjusting the positioning of the member 80 to afford a desired length of character space and which is fixed to a rotatable shaft III extending toward the rear of the machine and having fixed thereto a pinion II8 that meshes with a rack II9 that is fixed to the lower end of the right hand rail 92 as indicated in Figs. 3 and 6.

The two rails 92, which are the side members of the frame 9i, move in unison by being interconnected by the cross members 96' and 91, and they are additionally held in proper relationship by a rack and pinion interconnection. As shown, each rail 92 has a rack portion I22. A' cross shaft I23, rotatable in the frame II, has fixed,

predetermined positioning, and a limit stop pin III is provided that is engageable with spaced shoulders Iii of the segment to limit movement to within the limits of adjustment.

The notch spacing is such as to provide dwell or stop positions for the frame SI differing from one another by an amount suilicient to provide one character space justification in a line, for each notch. That is, each step movement of the frame alters the angular adjustment of the member III by an amount such that the carriage will traverse a given line length in one less character step or space. It is apparent that when the member Oil stands horizontal or parallel to the direction of carriage movement, there will be no rocking movement of the bell crank and consequently no movement between the rack supporting plate 44 and the bell crank controlled carriage 45. It will now be apparent that vertical displacement of the frame 9i controls the amount of total justification produced in a line, and that this amount of justification is nota function of the line length. That is, a line three inches long and three character spaces short of justified line length will require the same amount of justification as a line eight inches long that is three characters short. As shown, the segment has sufficient notches to justify lines as many as six characters short of justified length. Practice has proven that this is a sufilcient range of adjustment. It is believed clear thatthis range may be readily increased if desired.

The amount of justification per character space in a given length line is a function of the justifled line length "and varies with the, line length.

' That is, the space change or increment per space required to absorb a three character space shortage in a three inch line is considerably greater (per character space) than in an eight inch line.

.i'his is compensated for by adjustment of the transversely movable member III. which is properly positioned by reference to the calibrated scale associated with it. The scale is calibrated in character steps of normal length, that is, steps or spaces of a length to which no justifying increment-is added. For convenience the calibration is set oi! by inches of line length with the zero graduation corresponding to the left hand margin position of writing. Therefore, having selected the desired justified line length to which copy is to be written, it is only necessary to bring the pointer of the member- I into registration with the proper graduation of the calibrated scale to obtain a shortagedistribution for the selected line length.

To briefly review, to adjust the device the ment and both are in a common plane. Further,

the movements of the adjustable track 80, the justifying bell crank 10, the frame 9i and member IIlII all are in parallel vertical planes; the

parts being closely related and occupying but a relative short fore and aft space at the rear of the typewriter. Frame positioning is readily determined by provision of an indicator that registers with a graduated scale that is calibrated in terms of character space shortage. As shown, (Figs. 3 and 6) the right hand rail 92 of the frame 9i has, adjacent'the upper end thereof a bracket I33 terminating in a pointer I34 that is adapted to register with graduations I35 provided on the frame portion I! and spaced according to the movement of the frame from one notch position of the segment to the next adjacent: this movement, as mentioned above, amounting to one character space of justification per step.

The establishing of the frame positioning or adjustment of the member 80 is further greatly simplified by provision of a carrier for supporting unjustified copy in view of the operator, and provision of indicating means associated with the frame and movable into registration with the end of a line of unjustified copy on the copy carrier, as an index of the positioning of the frame that will afford a spacing such that the indicated line will be reproduced to justified length.

As shown, the unjustified copy carrier I'I comprises a roll I" freely rotatable in the frame portion I 5 and has an operating knob I40 accessible at the end thereof. A releasable guide chute I4I is provided'for directing copy sheets around the roll, and additional guide means in the form of rollers I42 are mounted on the chute for support of the copy. The chute is shown supported on resilient fingers I43 that are attached to the frame I! as shown at I44. These fingers are tensioned to urge the chute and rollers toward engagement with the roll I". The 'chute and rollers may be moved to release position by actuation of the finger piece I48 which is shown fixed to a shaft I41 extending across the frame and rockable therein. The shaft has cam members I50 positioned to engage the resilient fingers. These cam members are shaped so that when moved from a disengaged position they first engage in a manner that the tensioned fingers tend to release them so that upon release of the finger piece the cams will be forced to disengaged positlon. Further engaging movement brings the cam fiats I5I into contact with the fingers to hold the chute disengaged when it is desired to adjust the copy therein. Such an arrangement permits the unjustified copy to be accurately held for indication of adjusted setting of the machine by registration of pointers that are associated with the copy carrier and are connected to the frame II.

' As shown, a cross bar II4 has slotted engagement at II. with screws IS! in the frame ii. The length of the slots I" is sufiicient to permit bar movement to the extent of the total justifying range, or the maximum length of line shortage. Adjustably mounted on the bar is a pair of pointers In; two being provided for use where double column matter is to be typed. As shown,

screw I61 threadedly engages the block and is adapted to bear against the-bar to hold the pointer in desired position. Interconnection of the bar I54 with the frame Si is by means of a bell crank I69 which is pivotally mounted at I10 on a bracket I1I extending from the frame I5. One end of the bell crank connects at I12 to the bar and the other end connects to a stud I13 on the frame bracket I33 that carries the indicator I34. Movement of the frame 9| is thus bar 81.

communicated to the cross bar I54.

To refer now to the operation of the device,

when it is desired .to produce copy written in' justified lines the copy to be so prepared is first written in lines of random length in which all character spaces are uniform and correspond to the normal spacing of the machine. The unjustified copy is then placed in the copy carrier I1 and the first line to be written is brought into view and in registration with the line of travel of the pointers I66. The adjustment knob H6 is then actuated to bringthe frame !II to theposition of no justification wherein the adjustable member 86 stands horizontally so that the machine will write. at normal character spacing. If single column matter isto be written only the right hand pointer I66 need be adjusted and this is then amxed to the bar I54 in a position correspending to the right hand margin of a line of justified length as measured from the left hand margin of the unjustified copy. To facilitate adjustment of the machine a designating mark may be placed on the unjustified copy at the time it is prepared; this mark defining the justified line length with respect to the left hand margin of the copy and affording a convenient means of locating the pointer I66 upon placing the copy in the carrier. The member I66 is then moved to a position corresponding to the justified line length as defined by the calibrated scale on the Subsequent movement of the knob II6 to move the frame SI and member 80 to a position as defined by registration of the pointer I66 with the end of the unjustified line to be copied will establish a setting of the machine such that the indicated unjustified line will,-upon being rewritten, be reproduced to justified line length.

Regardless of the position that the unjustified copy is to occupy on the sheet when reproduced in justified lines, the writing operation begins at the left hand margin position of the device wherein the bell crank pivot axis I6 and the pivot axis 83 of the member 80 coincide. This is done so that all subsequent lines will have a common starting point such .that a spacing adjustment may be made without imparting movement to the justifier carriage as explained above. As a result the line left hand margins are vertically aligned on the sheet. The justified copy,- which is produced on the typewriter platen I15, may occupy any position within the limits of the platen, that is, the sheet upon which this is to be written may be placed to the right or to the left as desired so that the margin of typing will occur a by changing the adjustment of the member IIIII to the proper line length wherein the left hand margins will continue to be aligned or, if it is desired to indent the left hand margins, this may be accomplished by making the above ad' justment and then re-engaging the driving connection latch 63in the desired one of the notches 62 to move the typewriter carriage with respect to the justifier carriage. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the bar 6i containing the' notches 62 shows a notch spacing amounting to between the right hand hand group of indenting notches so that difierent groups of lines may be indented in steps of If desired,

other bars 6| may be substituted having a different and desired notch spacing.

When the machine is to be used for double column writing wherein two laterally related columns are written, both of which are justified, both'pointers I66 are used and are spaced apart according to the margin spacing of the copy as defined by the distance of the double column notches on the bar 6|. As shown, the bar 6| (Fig. 7) is provided with a series of margin indenting notches adjacent its right hand end and has two additional notches I16 adjacent the left hand end. When using the machine for double column work, and after having established the positioning of the pointers I 66, the machine is justified for writing the left hand column of the first line by bringing the left hand pointer intov registration with that column line end. This is done with the driving connection engaging the extreme right hand notch. The left hand column is written after which the machine is brought back to the left hand margin position and the typewriter carriage is then moved independently of the justifler carriage for engagement of the driving latch 63 with the proper column notch I16. Adjustment is then made to bring the right hand pointer into registration with the end of the right hand column of line 1 of the unjustified copy after which this column line is then reproduced. Here also a wide range of column spacing. may be provided for by substituting different bars having a desired column notch spacing.

In order that the machine may be rapidly traversed in the direction of feeding movement the rack 39 is arranged so that it may be readily lifted from engagement with the escapement pinion 38. As shown, the right hand block 43 pivotally carries a finger piece I86 having an extending inturned portion I 8i that underlies the rack supporting'memberv and which, upon a clockwise movement of the finger piece, causes the rack to be lifted against the tension of springs I62 that engage. the ends M of the U-shaped rack supporting member and urge the rack toward engaging position. As explained above, traversing movement in the direction opposite to that-in which the carriage feeds is obtained by arranging the pinion 38 with a one way drive or overrunning clutch. Regardless of the direction of traversing movement justification obtains because the justifying increment occurs between the rack supporting member 44 and the justifier carriage 45. i

As the justifying device is used in conjunction with a typewriting device, either by being constructed as an integral part thereof or by being arranged as an attached assemblyas illustrated, and as typewriting devices have margin stops to limit carriage travel, it is unnecessary to provide the usual margin stops in the justifying device. It does, however, have a safety stop that is eflective between the line length slidably adjustable member I00 and the justifier carriage 45 to limit the justifying travel to amounts within the limits of the machine. As shown, the slidable member I" which is adjustably positioned by a notched interfltting engagement with the rail 81, has a forwardly projecting lug I85 that is positioned to engage a rearwardly projecting lug I" on the carriage 45. The relative positioning of these lugs is such that they engage when the carriage is moved a slight distance, say one or two spaces, beyond the distance established by the justified line length setting of the device, which is to say beyond the justified line right hand margin position. This stop is primarily effective on short lines having maxi- -mumjustification where the justified movement per space step is a maximum and where. if the carriage travel greatly exceeds the normal stop ping point, damage may result from the moving parts of the device reaching limits of travel such, for example, as the screws 41 of the justiiier carriage binding in the ends of the slots 48, or similar binding on the pointer bar I54 upon unrestrained travel such that the screws I51 reach the ends of the slots I".

It is pointed out that a-typewriter when assembled to the justifier may be used with or without the justifying mechanism as desired. When used with the justifying mechanism the typewriter escapement is rendered inoperative so that the typewriter carriage movement is under control of the justifying mechanism of the justifler unit and is actuated in accordance with the operation of the justiiier escapement and ad- Justed setting. When so used the typewriter escapement may be readily rendered inoperative by merely providing a latch that will hold the typewriter escapement rack bar in disengaged podtion. When the typewriter is to be used in the normal manner it may be so operated through the justifying mechanism with the adjustments set to a position of no justification (with the adlusting member ill in horizontal position) or it y be operated from its own escapement upon rendering the driving connection to the justifier inoperative. This is accomplished by disengaging the latch 03 from the typewriter carriage to the justifier carriage. No change is required in the operating connection because in no instance.

is there a positive drive connection between the typewriter and the justifier; it having been pointed out above that the operating connection exists by arranging the operating member so that it underlies the keys and stands closely adjacent thereto so that it is actuated upon depression of 1agiy key and without being directly linked there- It is thought that it will now be clearly appar-. cut that the justifying device of this invention is such that an existing typewriter may be readfly applied thereto with substantially no changes to the standard typewriter and that when so assembled it is as convenient to use as when in its normal position of use. Further, the typewriter when so arranged is capable of producing justified lines within a wide range of length variation differing from one another by only one space length. In addition, the arrangement of the device is such that lines of different length may be readily producedon a single sheet with the mar- B ns aligned or indented as desired.

While the form of apparatus herein described constitutes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise form of apparatus, and that changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A justifying device operable to different justified line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by character space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of a character space step and pivotally movable on a fixed mounting to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and to the justified line length, positioning means .engaging the variable spacing means and movable in a rectilinear path of travel for the line shortage adjustment and in a transverse rectilinear path for the line length adjustment. and means for selectively attaching the platen to the platen moving means at a desired one of a plurality of positions spaced in the direction of platen movement.

2. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen in character space steps, an angularly adjustable member pivotally movable in a plane and on a fixed axis for varying the length of a character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and the justified line length, positioning means engaging the angularly adjustable member and movable in a plurality of paths in a single plane parallel to the plane of movement of said angularly adjustable member. said positioning means being movable in one path to afford adjustment for line shortage and movable in a transverse path to afford adjustment for line length, and means for selectively attaching the platen to the platen moving means at a desired one of a plurality of positions spaced in the direction of platen movement.

3. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen in character space steps, an angularly adjustable member movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and the justified line length, and positioning means for the angularly adjustable member comprising a reciprocable frame, guide means carrying the frame for rectilinear movement to positions of adjustment for line shortage, means guided by the frame for rectilinear movement having operating attachment to the angularly adjustable member for adjusting-the same in accordance with movement of said frame and movable on the frame transversely to the direction of frame movement for adjusting said angularly adjustable member for a desired line length.

4. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen in character space steps, an angularly adjustable member extending transversely of the device and movable in a plane parallel to the direction of movement of the platen to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustifled line shortage and the justified line length,

. positioning means for the angularly adjustable member having paths of travel parallel the plane of movement of the angularly adjustable mem ber comprising a vertically reciprocable frame, guide means carrying the frame for rectilinear movement to positions of adjustment for line shortage, means guided by the frame for rectilinear movement having operating attachment to the angularly adjustable member for adjusting the same in accordance with vertical movement of said frame and movable on the frame transversely to the direction of frame movement for adjusting said angularly adjustable member for a desired line length.

5. A justifying deviceoperable to different line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen in character space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the-length of a character space step comprising a movable member pivotally supported on a fixed mounting and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and the justified line length, and positioning means for the adjustably variable means comprising a vertically reciprocable frame, indicating means associated with the frame and calibrated in terms of character space steps of line shortage as an indication of the adjusted positioning of said frame, transverse guide means on said frame, means adjustably movable on said guide means, indicating means associated with said guide means and callbrated interms of line length as an indication of the adjusted position of said adjustably movable means, said adjustably movable means operatively engaging the movable member of said adjustably variable means for positioning the same.

6. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means selectively engageable with the platen at a de; sired one of a plurality of positions spaced in the direction of platen movement and adapted to move the platen by character space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of the character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and to the justified line length, and positioning means for the adjustably variable means comprising a rectilinearily movable frame adjustable to a positioning coordinated to the line shortage, a transverse cross rail on said frame, a member adjustably movable on said cross rail, said cross rail being calibrated 'by character spaces in terms of justified line length and having positioning notches corresponding to the calibrations thereon, means on the adjustably movable member 'engageable with the rail notches as a means of positioning the member on said, rail, said adjustably movable member operatively engaging said adjustably variable means for operating the same.

7. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by character space steps, adjustably variable means comprising a pivotally supported track for varying the. length of a character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and the justified line length, said track comprising spaced parallel rails, means operatively connecting the track and platen having engagement with adjacent faces of the spaced rails, and positioning means for the track comprising a frame movable in a straight path to different predetermined positions coordinated with the amount of line shortage; transverse guiden eans on said frame, slidable means adjustably slfdable on the desired one of a plurality of positionings having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and to the justified line length, and positioning means for the adjustably variable means comprising a vertically reciprocable frame having laterally spaced vertically extending side members, a rack on each of said side members, a cross shaft, pinions fixed to said cross shaft and engaging each of said racks and affording an operating interconnection of the side members for movement thereof in unison, and a control shaft having an operating knob thereon for adjustment of the frame to compensate for line shortage, and means adjustably mounted on the frame and movable transversely of the side members to a position of adjustment compensating for-line length, said adjustably mounted means having an operating connection to said adjustably variable means.

9. A justifying device operable to different line lengths attachable -to a typewriter having a movable platen and movable key bars. said device comprising a frame having attaching means for affixing a typewriter thereto, .an escapement, means'movable in character space steps by actuation of said escapement, means for varying the extent of a character space step movement of said movable means, means on the frame movable directly by any of the typewriter key bars to operate said escapement, and a driving connection on the movable means attachable to the typewriter platen for controlling movement thereof.

10. A justifying device operable to different line lengths attachable to a typewriter having a movable platen and movable key bars, said device comprising a frame having a horizontally extending portion provided with attaching means for aflixing a typewriter thereon, an escapement, means movable in character space steps by actuation of said escapement, means for varying the extent of a character space step movement of said movable means, means rockably mounted on the frame underlying the typewriter key bars and operated by the typewriter key bars upon actuation thereof to operate the escapement, and a driving connection onthe movable means attachable to the typewriter platen.

11. A justifying device operable to different line' lengths and attachable to a typewriter having a movable platen and movable key bars, said device comprising a frame having a horizontally extending portion with attaching means thereon for fixedly mounting a typewriter, a frame portion extending upwardly from the rear of the horizontally extending frame portion, an adjustably variable spacing means movable by character space steps and carried by said upwardly extending portion, means movablymounted on the horizontally extending frame portion for operating said spacing means and positioned for actuation by direct engagement of the key bars upon movement thereof, and a driving connection from the spacing means to the typewriter platen.

12. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and attachable to a typewriter having a movable platen and movable key bars, said device comprising a frame having a shallow horizontally extending portion with attaching means thereon for reception of a typewriter by a vertical downward movement thereon, a frame portion extending upwardly from the rear of the horizontally extending frame portion, said upwardly extending frame portion lying closely adjacent the rear part of an attached typewriter, adjustably variable spacing means movable by character space steps and carried by said upwardly extending portion, positioning means for the variable spacing means comprising a member movably supported on the upwardly extending frame portion and having planar movement in transverse paths of travel, one path of travel establishing positions of adjustment to compensate for line shortage and the other path of travel providing positions of adjustment coordinated to the justified line length, means movably mounted on the horizontally extending frame portion for operating said spacing means and positioned beneath the key bars for actuation by engagement of the key bars upon movement thereof, and a driving connection from the spacing means to the typewriter platen.

13. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and attachable to a typewriter having a movable platen and movable key bars, said device comprising a substantially L-shaped frame having a shallow horizontally extending portion with attaching means thereon for reception of a typewriter thereon and a frame portion extending upwardly from the rear of the horizontally extending frame portion, adjustably variable spacing means movable by character space steps and carried by said upwardly extending portion, means movably mounted on the horizontally extending frame portion for operating said spacing means and positioned beneath the key bars for actuation by direct engagement of any of the key bars upon movement thereof, a driving connection from the spacing means to the typewriter platen, said upwardly extending frame portion lying closely adjacent the rear part of an attached typewriter, holding means for unjustified copy positioned adjacent the upper portion of said upwardly extendingframe portion, and means operatively attached to the adjustably variable spacing means and movable to registration with a line end of copy supported in the holding means as an index of adjustment of the variable spacing means.

14. A justifyingdevice operable to different line lengths and attachable to a typewriter having a movable platen and movable type carriers, said device comprising a unitary structure having attaching means for aflixing a typewriter thereto and having adjustably variable spacing means movable by character space steps, and connecting means selectively engaging the spacing means to the platen at a desired one of a plurality of positions spaced in the direction of platen movement for lateral displacement of characters on the platen.

15. A justifying device attachable to a typewriter having a movable platen, movable type carriers and operating means therefore, said device comprising a unitary structure having attaching means for affixing a typewriter thereto and having adjustably variable spacing me -movable by character space steps, actuating means for the adjustably variable spacing means having a predetermined position on said device and adapted upon attachment of a typewriter to operatively engage the type carrier actuating means for operation thereby, and a driving connection on the device for engagement of the spacing means to the typewriter platen.

16. A justifying device attachable to a typewriter having a movable platen, movable type carriers and operating means therefor, said device comprising a frame having a shallow hori zontally extending portion adapted to underlie a typewriter and having attaching means for reception of a typewriter, an upwardly extending frame portion having mounted thereon adjustably variable spacing means movable by character space steps, actuating means for the adjustably variable spacing means adapted upon attachment of a typewriter to the device to operatively engage the type carrier actuating means for operation thereby, and a driving connection on the device for engagement of the spacing means to the typewriter platen.

17. A justifying mechanism comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by character space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of character space steps and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions, said adjustably variable means comprising parallel spaced rails, means pivotally supporting said rails on an axis extending perpendicularly to and intermediate said rails, means operatively connecting the adjustably variable means and said platen having engagement with the adjacent faces of said rails, positioning means for the adjustably variable means comprising a body portion movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions, a member pivotally connected to said body portion overlying and engaging opposite faces of said rails, the pivot axis of said pivotally connected member extending perpendicularly to and intermediate said rails.

18. A justifying mechanism operable to different justified line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by character space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of a character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and to the justified line length, a copy carrier to hold unjustified copy in predetermined position, means having an operating connection to the adjustably variable means and directly registerable with a random length line of the copy in the copy carrier as an index of adjustment of the adjustably variable means in terms of unjustified line shortage to reproduce that line in justified spacing, and adjustable means for modifying the indexing action of the directly registerable means in accordance with the justified line length.

19. A justifying mechanism operable to different justified line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by character space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of a character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and to the justified line length, a copy carrier to hold unjustified copy, indicating means extending toward the copy carrier and movable into registration with unjustified line end, means connecting the indi-- eating means and the adjustably variable means for establishing a positioning of the adjustably variable means coordinated to the un'justifled line shortage, and adjustable means in said connecting means for modifying the positioning of the adjustably variable means in accordance with the justified line length.

20. A justifying mechanism operable to different justified line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by character space steps, adjustabiy variable means for varying the length of a character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and to the justified line length, a copy carrier to hold unjustified copy, indicating means extending toward the copy carrier. and movable into registration with an unjustified line end, means connecting the indicating means and the adjustably variable means for establishing a positioning of the adjustably variable means coordinated to the unjustified line shortage, and adjustable means in said connecting means for modifying the positioning of theadjustably variable means in accordance with the justified line length, said adjustable means comprising a scale calibrated in terms of character spaces of justified line length, and means for fixing the positioning of the adjustable means at a scale indication of the desired justified line length.

21. A justifying mechanism operable to different line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by character space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of a character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and to the justified line length, indicating means movable to establish the positioning of the adjustably variable means,

means connecting the indicating means and adjustably variable means for movement of the latter in terms of unjustified line shortage, said connecting means having adjustable means for modifying movement of the adjustably variable means in accordance with the justified line length.

2 2. A justifying mechanism operable to different line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by character space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of a character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and to the justifled line length, indicating means movable to establish the positioning of the adjustably variable means, stop means for the indicating meansdefining stop positions in steps of unjustified character spaces, means connecting the indicating means and adjustably variable means for movement of the latter in terms of unjustified line shortage, said connecting means having adjustable means for modifying movement of the adjustably variable means in accordance with the justifled line length.

23. A justifying device operable to different line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by character space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of. the character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positionings having coordinated relationship to the unjustified -line shortage and to the J'ustifled line length, and positioning means for the adiustably variable means comprising a frame, guide means carrying the frame for vertical reciprocable movement, a control shaft, said shaft having an operating connection to the frame and having a control knob thereon for adjustment of the frame to compensate for line shortage, and means adjustably mounted on the frame and movable thereon transversely of the direction of frame travel to a position of adjustment compensating for line length, said adjustably mounted means having an operating connection to said adjustably variable means. i

24. A justifying device operable to diiferent line lengths comprising platen moving means movable in character space steps for actuation of a platen, adjustably variable means for effecting a character space step of desired length and adjustable to a desired position coordinated to theline shortage and the desired justifled line length, a movable member operatively connected to the adjustably variable means and movable parallel to the directionof travel of the-platen moving means'to a-desired fixed position to establish the line length adjustment of the adjustably variable means, and stop means effective .between the platen moving means and the said movable member to arrest movement of the platen moving means.

25. A justifying device operable to give justified line lengths and comprising a movable platen, means for moving the platen by character space steps, adjustably variable means for varying the length of the character space step and movable to a desired one of a plurality of positions having coordinated relationship to the unjustified line shortage and to the justified line length and comprising a track having a pivotal support for swinging movement in one plane, means operable along said track and having connection to the movable platen, and positioning means for the track comprising a reciprocable frame, guide .means carrying the frame for rectilinear movement parallel to the plane of movement of the track, means guided by the frame for rectilinear movement parallel to the plane of movement of the track and in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the frame, and an operating attachment between said last mentioned means and the track and having movement in one direction to adjust the track for unjustified line shortage and having movement in a second direction to adjustthe track, for justified line length.

EDWARD C. WELLS.

CERTIFICATE OF ,vcbmc'wmn. mung .no. -2,112,9l.2.j April-"5 19 s,-

mam-Rue; WELLS.

Itia hereby-certified thilt errpr appear-a in-th'e printed apec'ii'ieetion or the above numbered pateni; Inquiring cei'rection ara rollbivai i, gecond column, 11ne'53, for the ivord. "rim! i ead reraige 5, 'aecond cplfim; line 12, for "hammam" readhand; after- "calibrated? insert "the peint 6f the mevahle member; and that the 's'a-icl-Lettera Patent 'be reee withthe e6 erreetions therein that the game inaLy conform to the record er the ease in the Patentfoffice.

Signed and sealed. this 51at.day of May, A. D. 1958.

, Henry van: Arman,

(Seal) Actingflpmmis s ioner of Patents.

page, 7,,f1r se colmnn, line 271-28, elaim 5, nerds with respect t6 the piqr'nizalsuppert,