US2109119A - Manufacture of articles from steel alloys - Google Patents

Manufacture of articles from steel alloys Download PDF

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Publication number
US2109119A
US2109119A US713926A US71392634A US2109119A US 2109119 A US2109119 A US 2109119A US 713926 A US713926 A US 713926A US 71392634 A US71392634 A US 71392634A US 2109119 A US2109119 A US 2109119A
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United States
Prior art keywords
steel
articles
steel alloys
elements
manufacture
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Expired - Lifetime
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US713926A
Inventor
Naumann Friedrich Karl
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Krupp Stahl AG
Fried Krupp AG
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Krupp Stahl AG
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Application filed by Krupp Stahl AG filed Critical Krupp Stahl AG
Priority to US163619A priority Critical patent/US2157654A/en
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Publication of US2109119A publication Critical patent/US2109119A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the manufacture of articles that by their nature are subjected in use to, and must withstand the attack of, gases that attack and remove carbon, such as apparatus and parts thereof which are used in the destructive hydrogenation of oil and coal, or in the synthesis of ammonia, and with which hydrogen or mixtures of gases containing hydrogen come into contact at high temperatures and pressures.
  • the elements of the IV group of the periodic table which form carbides in the steel are zirconium and thorium.
  • the content of these elements amounts to not over 5% and the carbon content to not more than 1%, while the total content of the elements Si, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, W, Mo, V may amount about up to 30%. In general, however, a total content of not more than 15% of these elements is found desirable.
  • a denotes the condition of the alloy when supplied, A in forged state. and B, C, D after heat treatment. b denotes the state after the test.
  • test pieces were prepared and likewise heated 100 hours at 600 C. in hydrogen under pressure of 300 at.
  • the test pieces treated in this manner showed the following data of strength:
  • Steel alloys have been found particularly suitable for the purposes according to the invention, which contain about up to- 0.4% carbon, up to 2% zirconium, up to 3% molybdenum or vanadium, separate or mixed and if required up to 10% chromium.
  • Articles which in their normal use are subjected to the attack of hydrogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature, said articles being composed of a steel alloy containing an effective amount not over 5% of one or more elements selected from the group zirconium and thorium, and not over 1% of carbon, the remainder substantially all iron.
  • Hydrogenating apparatus having its parts which are subjected to the attack of hydrogen at high pressure and temperature composed of a steel alloy containing an appreciable amount not over 5% of one or both of the elements zirconium or thorium, the remainder substantially all iron.
  • Articles which in their normal use are subjected to the attack of hydrogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature, said articles being composed of a steel alloy containing an effective amount not over 5% of zirconium and not over 1% of carbon, the remainder substantially all iron.
  • a process which comprises subjecting a material to be hydrogenated to the influence of hydrogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature in a container composed of a steel alloy containing an effective amount not over 5% of one or more elements selected from the group zirconium and thorium, and not over 1% of carbon, the remainder iron containing up to 1.7% of silicon and up to 0.55% of manganese.
  • a process which comprises subjecting a material to be hydrogenated to the influence of hydrogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature in a container composed of a steel alloy containing an effective amount not over 5% of zirconium and not over 1% of carbon, the remainder iron containing up to 1.7% of silicon and up to 0.55% of manganese.

Description

Patented Feb. 22, 1938 UNITED STATES MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FRGM STEEL ALLOYS Friedrich Karl Naumann, Essen, Germany, assignor to Fried. Krupp Aktiengesellschaft, Essen-on-the-Ruhr, German No Drawing. Application March 3, 1934, Serial No. 713,926. In Germany March 20, 1933 5 Claims.
This invention relates to the manufacture of articles that by their nature are subjected in use to, and must withstand the attack of, gases that attack and remove carbon, such as apparatus and parts thereof which are used in the destructive hydrogenation of oil and coal, or in the synthesis of ammonia, and with which hydrogen or mixtures of gases containing hydrogen come into contact at high temperatures and pressures.
In my co-pending application for Letters Patent, filed 22nd November, 1933, Serial Number 699,300, I propose to manufacture articles of this class from steel alloys which contain titanium and if desired one or more of the elements silicon, manganese, nickel, cobalt, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium, the steel alloys suitably containing up to 1% carbon, up to 5% titanium, and if desired up to 30% of one or more of the elements silicon, manganese, nickel, cobalt, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium.
It has now been found that besides titanium also the other elements of the IV group of the periodic table, as far as they form carbides in the steel, viz. zirconium and thorium, have the property of rendering steel resistant to the at tack of gases that attack and remove carbon. Therefore, according to the present invention use is made for the manufacture of the articles in question of steel alloys which contain at least one of the elements, forming carbides in the steel, of the IV group of the periodic table and if desired one or more of the elements silicon, manganese, nickel, cobalt, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium.
Besides titanium, the elements of the IV group of the periodic table which form carbides in the steel are zirconium and thorium. Preferably the content of these elements amounts to not over 5% and the carbon content to not more than 1%, while the total content of the elements Si, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, W, Mo, V may amount about up to 30%. In general, however, a total content of not more than 15% of these elements is found desirable.
The high resistance of the steel alloys employed according to the invention to the attack of hydrogen is evident from the tests indicated hereinafter for which the following steel alloys were used:
Per- Per- Per Per- Per Per- Per- Stcel cent cent cent cent cent cent cent 0 Si Mn Cr W Mo Zr 99. 9 v- -n- O WOOD! (Cl. 2325Z) Tensile test pieces prepared from these steel alloys were exposed at a temperature of 600 C. for 100 hours to the attack of hydrogen which was under a pressure of 300 at. The effect of this treatment on the test pieces appears from the following table:
In this table a denotes the condition of the alloy when supplied, A in forged state. and B, C, D after heat treatment. b denotes the state after the test.
It appears from this table that the steel A alloyed with zirconium has preserved its. full strength and tenacity as well as its original carbon content, whilst the remaining steels have lost their carbon nearly completely and show serious loss of strength and especially of tenacity.
The steel alloys which besides the carbideforming element of the IV group contain further additions of elements, show likewise a resistance to carbide-removing gases which far exceeds the effect of these additional elements, as the following test shows:
From two steel alloys E, F of the following composition Per- Per- Pcr- Per- Per- Per- Steel cent cent cent cent cent cent 0 Si Mn Cr Zr Mo E 0.10 1.43 0.48 1.22 0.95 F 0.10 1.07 0.58 1.19 .V 0.58
tensile test pieces were prepared and likewise heated 100 hours at 600 C. in hydrogen under pressure of 300 at. The test pieces treated in this manner showed the following data of strength:
wherein by a is marked the state when supplied and by b the state after the test.
This table shows that the steel marked E remained practically unaltered, whilst the steel F suffered a considerable deterioration of its properties of strength.
Steel alloys have been found particularly suitable for the purposes according to the invention, which contain about up to- 0.4% carbon, up to 2% zirconium, up to 3% molybdenum or vanadium, separate or mixed and if required up to 10% chromium.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:-
1. Articles which in their normal use are subjected to the attack of hydrogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature, said articles being composed of a steel alloy containing an effective amount not over 5% of one or more elements selected from the group zirconium and thorium, and not over 1% of carbon, the remainder substantially all iron.
2. Hydrogenating apparatus having its parts which are subjected to the attack of hydrogen at high pressure and temperature composed of a steel alloy containing an appreciable amount not over 5% of one or both of the elements zirconium or thorium, the remainder substantially all iron.
3. Articles which in their normal use are subjected to the attack of hydrogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature, said articles being composed of a steel alloy containing an effective amount not over 5% of zirconium and not over 1% of carbon, the remainder substantially all iron.
4. A process which comprises subjecting a material to be hydrogenated to the influence of hydrogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature in a container composed of a steel alloy containing an effective amount not over 5% of one or more elements selected from the group zirconium and thorium, and not over 1% of carbon, the remainder iron containing up to 1.7% of silicon and up to 0.55% of manganese.
5. A process which comprises subjecting a material to be hydrogenated to the influence of hydrogen at high hydrogen partial pressure and high temperature in a container composed of a steel alloy containing an effective amount not over 5% of zirconium and not over 1% of carbon, the remainder iron containing up to 1.7% of silicon and up to 0.55% of manganese.
FRIEDRICH KARL NAUMANN.
US713926A 1932-12-08 1934-03-03 Manufacture of articles from steel alloys Expired - Lifetime US2109119A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US163619A US2157654A (en) 1934-03-03 1937-09-13 Manufacture of articles from steel alloys

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1932K0128126 DE692226C (en) 1932-12-08 1932-12-08 Containers and container parts for the splitting hydrogenation of oils and coals as well as for ammonia synthesis, which have to be resistant to the decarburizing attack of hydrogen and hydrogen-containing gas mixtures at high temperatures and pressures
DE1933K0129566 DE687503C (en) 1932-12-08 1933-03-21 Manufacture of items that have to be resistant to attack by decarburizing gases

Publications (1)

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US2109119A true US2109119A (en) 1938-02-22

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Family Applications (3)

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US699300A Expired - Lifetime US2059893A (en) 1932-12-08 1933-11-22 Manufacture of articles from steel alloys
US713925A Expired - Lifetime US2109118A (en) 1932-12-08 1934-03-03 Manufacture of articles from steel alloys
US713926A Expired - Lifetime US2109119A (en) 1932-12-08 1934-03-03 Manufacture of articles from steel alloys

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US713925A Expired - Lifetime US2109118A (en) 1932-12-08 1934-03-03 Manufacture of articles from steel alloys

Country Status (4)

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US (3) US2059893A (en)
AT (3) AT143620B (en)
DE (2) DE692226C (en)
GB (4) GB419009A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2586535A (en) * 1948-12-29 1952-02-19 Universal Oil Prod Co Catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons in a stainless steel reactor
US2797146A (en) * 1955-08-08 1957-06-25 Nat Distillers Chem Corp Mixing apparatus and process utilizing same

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE756064C (en) * 1935-11-09 1953-11-09 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Devices made of high-alloy chromium steel containing silicon for the thermal treatment of coal and hydrocarbons
DE916829C (en) * 1940-06-05 1954-08-19 Rheinische Roehrenwerke Ag Steel alloys resistant to intergranular corrosion
DE941491C (en) * 1940-11-03 1956-04-12 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Ferritic or ferritic-pearlitic steels for objects that should have a high heat resistance of over 800
DE973061C (en) * 1941-02-20 1959-11-19 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Steel for seamless tubes
DE767100C (en) * 1941-04-30 1952-05-02 Roehrenwerke A G Deutsche Material for objects that should have high durability
DE972264C (en) * 1941-06-07 1959-06-18 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Steel for objects that must have a high level of durability
DE949826C (en) * 1941-08-05 1956-09-27 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Durable steel alloy
DE954062C (en) * 1941-09-25 1956-12-13 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Durable steel alloy
DE945150C (en) * 1941-10-03 1956-07-05 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Steel alloy for durable objects with good notch toughness
DE968276C (en) * 1941-12-28 1958-01-30 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Durable steel alloys
DE965638C (en) * 1941-12-28 1957-06-13 Phoenix Rheinrohr Ag Vereinigt Titanium-containing chrome steels for cast steel parts with high fatigue strength
DE917674C (en) * 1942-09-19 1954-09-09 Rheinische Roehrenwerke Ag Steel for seals
US2716271A (en) * 1943-09-22 1955-08-30 Smith Corp A O Enameling process and article produced thereby
US2495835A (en) * 1945-10-15 1950-01-31 George N Hibben Light-colored enameled steel article
US2506226A (en) * 1946-04-12 1950-05-02 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Stainless steel catalyst for hydrocarbon synthesis
DE976854C (en) * 1951-12-06 1964-06-11 Goodrich Co B F Material for the conversion chamber for the production of hydrogen cyanide
US2683086A (en) * 1952-08-28 1954-07-06 Timken Roller Bearing Co Low alloy steel containing boron and titanium for high-temperature use
US2853379A (en) * 1957-05-23 1958-09-23 Lukens Steel Co High strength alloy steel for structural and pressure vessels
JPS498765B1 (en) * 1969-08-27 1974-02-28
US4119445A (en) * 1971-05-10 1978-10-10 Youngstown Sheet And Tube Company High strength alloy of ferritic structure
IT1075397B (en) * 1977-04-15 1985-04-22 Snam Progetti METHANATION REACTOR
FR2434649A1 (en) * 1978-09-01 1980-03-28 Ugine Kuhlmann REACTOR MADE FROM STEEL PARTICULARLY RESISTANT TO THE EFFECTS OF OXO SYNTHESIS
US4554135A (en) * 1982-11-26 1985-11-19 C F Braun & Co. Ammonia converter
US4921684A (en) * 1982-11-26 1990-05-01 C F Braun, Inc. Ammonia conversion process
FR2851774B1 (en) 2003-02-27 2006-08-18 Inst Francais Du Petrole LOW-ALLOY ANTICOKAGE STEELS WITH INCREASED SILICON AND MANGANESE CONTENT, AND THEIR USE IN REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL APPLICATIONS

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2586535A (en) * 1948-12-29 1952-02-19 Universal Oil Prod Co Catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons in a stainless steel reactor
US2797146A (en) * 1955-08-08 1957-06-25 Nat Distillers Chem Corp Mixing apparatus and process utilizing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT143620B (en) 1935-11-25
US2059893A (en) 1936-11-03
AT145805B (en) 1936-05-25
GB425073A (en) 1935-03-06
AT143623B (en) 1935-11-25
DE687503C (en) 1940-01-31
US2109118A (en) 1938-02-22
GB427585A (en) 1935-04-26
GB419009A (en) 1934-11-05
GB420567A (en) 1934-12-04
DE692226C (en) 1940-06-15

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