US2103423A - Air chamber diesel engine - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 28, 1937. F. LANG AIR CHAMBER DIESEL ENGINE Filed May 6, 1935 xm w Patented Dec. 28, 1937 IPATENT oEFlCE AIR CHAMBER DIESEL ENGINE Franz Lang, Munich, Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Lanova Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application May 6, 1935, Serial No. 20,030 In Germany May 17, 1934 3 Claims. (Cl. 12E-32) This invention relates to Diesel engines, and

has to do with injection engines of the air stor-` age chamber type.

The rst practically useful air chamber Diesel engines were equipped with an injection nozzle in the cylinder head and an air chamber in the piston, or with the nozzle and air chamber arranged laterally' in the cylinder head, the axes thereof forming an acute angle.

In German Patent No. 475,972, it has been proposed for the rst time to arrange thev air chamber and the injection nozzle diametrically opposed to each other and horizontally. The horizontal positioningof the air storage chamber and the injection nozzle is shown in British Patent No. 341,638 in vwhich the air chamber is offset with respect to the direction of the fuel stream, to pre- The arrangement of the nozzle and air chamber in the cylinder head perpendicular to the cylinder axis has many advantages over the prior arrangements.` It renders possible spacing the air chamber and the nozzle the proper distance vapart for most efficient operation, contributes toa compact and efficient larrangement of parts and, with the fuel injection nozzle and the air chamber disposed in opposed relation, effects high turbulence and resulting intimate and thorough mixing of the fuel and the'air to produce a highly efficient fuel mixture.

With the air chamber arranged oiset with respect to the injected fuel stream, the air chamber and the nozzle are not directly opposed. The

air chamber receives but little, if any, of the injected fuel, any small amount of fuel which may enter the air storage chamber being inadequate to create therein, when combustion occurs, sutil- -ciently high pressure to discharge the stored air 40 from the storage chamber under sufficiently high pressure and velocity to cause effective whirling or rotary turbulence in the combustion chamber, whichis necessary for high efficiency in operation. The arrangement of the German Patent No.

175,972 is, therefore, more advantageous because, in this case, the air chamber and the nozzle act in direct opposition, this being very desirable not only for a good whirling action but also because the air chamber receives the necessary amount of fuel. The coaxial arrangement of air chamber and nozzle, however, may cause the air chamber to act directly upon the nozzle port thereby over- Q heating the same.

It is the object of the present invention to retain the advantages of having the air chamber port.

and the nozzle opposite each other, so that the nozzle stream is directed against the air chamber and the air chamber stream hits the fuel stream head on, while disposing the nozzle and air storage chamber with respect to each other in such 5 a manner that the discharged air chamber stream is not directed immediately against the nozzle In order to accomplish this result itl is ecessary to arrange the nozzle opposite but not coaxial with respect to the air chamber, and in 10 such manner that the air stream ejected from the storage chamber does not impinge upon the nozzle port. The arrangement shown in French Patent No. 714,411, while somewhat analogous to the desired arrangement, differs thereof in certain im- 15 portant respects, and does not prevent the air chamber stream from actually hitting the nozzle port. In the French patent the nozzle and air chamber are arranged at an angle to the cylinder axis and the piston is provided with a cavity for 20 guiding the air stream which causes the air chamber stream to be deected in the direction of the nozzle port, because the point of intersection of the nozzle and the air chamber axes lies in the cavity. 25

Thepresent invention eliminates` this disadvantage by permitting the air chamber stream to cross unrestrictedly the main combustion chamber, toward a point of the latter disposed to one side of the nozzle port, while the injected fuel 30 stream, which also crosses the main combustion chamber, hits the air chamber stream so close to the air chamber port that an adequate amountof the injected fuel enters the air chamber. For this purpose, the injection nozzle and the air chamber orifice are arranged opposite to each other in` the same cross-sectional plane of the cylinder, with the lines of their aries forming an obtuse angle, and in such a manner that the line of injection of the fuel stream intersects the` funnel-shaped passage to the air storage chamber at a point either slightly above or below the air chamber throttling place or orifice and that, in turn, the line of ejection of the air chamber stream 45 intersects the opposite wall of the combustion chamber at a point either slightly above or below the injection 'nozzle port.

By relating the injection nozzle and the air storage chamber in this manner, in combination 5o with a combustion chamber of gure 8 or heartshape in plan, a further advantage is obtained by having the air stream ejected from the storage impinge upon a portion of the wall of the combustion chamber which splits the air. chamber 55 stream and defiects the two partial streams laterally, thus producing a regulated rotary turbulence within the combustion chamber.

In the drawing:-

Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional view through the upper portion of an engine embody ing my invention, parts being shown in elevation; and

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view through the cylinder head and the air storage chamber, the injection nozzle being shown in plan.

In the drawing, h designates the injection nozzle, i (1) the air storage chamber, e the main combustion chamber, g and f the intake and exhaust valves, respectively, c the cylinder head, a

' the cylinder, d the piston clearance space and b the piston.

In the particular embodiment illustrated, the injected fuel stream discharged from the nozzle h impinges upon the Wall of the port funnel below the air chamber orifice or restriction. The ejected air chamber stream hits the projecting wall portion of the combustion chamber below the nozzle port and is split by this Wall portion, and the two partial streams thus created are deflected laterally. In the reversed arrangement, i. e., when the nozzle and the air chamber are upwardly inclined, the regulated flow of the split and deflected fuel streams takes place most effectively in the upper part of the main combustion chamber. In this case, the upper defining Wall, as well known per se, may be shaped so as to further regulate the flow, and the valves may also be used for the same purpose.

What I claim is:-

l. In an air storage chamber injection engine, a cylinder and a piston operating therein, a combustion chamber overlying and opening downward into said cylinder, said chamber comprising in plan two approximately vcircular lobes and a constriction therebetween defining a substantially V-shaped splitting element projecting inward from one sidel of said constriction, an air storage chamber opening into said combustion chamber at the opposite side of said constriction through a restricted orifice and a funnel-like passage leading thereto and flaring inward of said combustion chamber, said orifice and passage being aligned with said splitting element, and an injection nozzle extending through said splittingv element disposed to inject a stream of fuel into said passage against the wall thereof at a point adjacent and to one. side of said orifice, said passage and said orifice having a common axis inclined with respect to the direction of the injected fuel stream, whereby the uld stream ejected from said air storage chamber through said orifice and said passage is directed against the vertex of said splitting element at a point to one side of the tip of said nozzle.

2. In an air storage chamber injection engine, a cylinder and a piston operating therein, a combustion chamber overlying and opening downward into said cylinder, said chamber comprising in plan two approximately circular lobes and a constriction therebetween defining a substantially V-shaped splitting element projecting inward from one side of said constriction, an air storage chamber opening into said combustion chamber at the opposite side of said constriction through a restricted oriice and a funnel-like passage leading thereto and flaring inward of said combustion chamber, said orifice and passage being aligned with said splitting element, and an injection nozzle extending through said splitting element disposed to inject a stream of fuel downward and inward of said combustion chamber and into said passage against the wall thereof at a point adjacent and to one side of said orifice, said passage and said orifice having a common axis inclined with respect to the direction of the injected fuel stream, whereby the fluid stream ejected from said air storage chamber through said orifice and said passage is directed against the vertex of said splitting element at a point below the tip of said nozzle.

3. In an air storage chamber injection engine, a cylinder and a piston operating therein, said cylinder having a head at its upper end, a combustion chamber in said head inwardly offset relative to and overlying and opening downward into said cylinder, an air storage chamber carried by said head opening into said combustion chamber at one side thereof through a restricted orice and a funnel-like passage leading thereto and flaring inward of said combustion chamber, and an injection nozzle disposed to inject a stream of fuel into said combustion chamber at the opposite side and transversely thereof into said passage, the funnel-like passage and said orifice being coaxial with their common axis intersecting the line of injection of the injected fuel stream at an obtuse angle such that the injected fuel stream enters said passage and a fluid stream ejected through said orifice is directed against said opposite wall of said combustion chamber at a point to one side of the tip of said nozzle.

FRANZ LANG.

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