US2059880A - Method of sizing photographic paper - Google Patents

Method of sizing photographic paper Download PDF

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Publication number
US2059880A
US2059880A US10635A US1063535A US2059880A US 2059880 A US2059880 A US 2059880A US 10635 A US10635 A US 10635A US 1063535 A US1063535 A US 1063535A US 2059880 A US2059880 A US 2059880A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
paper
sizing
steam
sheet
size
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US10635A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gerould T Lane
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US10635A priority Critical patent/US2059880A/en
Priority to DEK138855D priority patent/DE638406C/de
Priority to GB5209/36A priority patent/GB470777A/en
Priority to NL76723A priority patent/NL43362C/xx
Priority to US67701A priority patent/US2059881A/en
Priority to FR803728D priority patent/FR803728A/fr
Priority to BE414321D priority patent/BE414321A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2059880A publication Critical patent/US2059880A/en
Priority to DE1937K0148938 priority patent/DE696918C/de
Priority to GB4613/38A priority patent/GB488917A/en
Priority to NL86778A priority patent/NL48850C/xx
Priority to BE427195D priority patent/BE427195A/xx
Priority to FR49747D priority patent/FR49747E/fr
Priority to DE1938729519D priority patent/DE729519C/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/30—Pretreatment of the paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B21/00—Successive treatments of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
    • D21H23/20—Apparatus therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
    • D21H23/42—Paper being at least partly surrounded by the material on both sides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
    • D21H23/42—Paper being at least partly surrounded by the material on both sides
    • D21H23/44—Treatment with a gas or vapour
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/0005—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to finished paper or board, e.g. impregnating, coating
    • D21H5/0007—Pretreatment of paper to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
    • G03C1/79—Macromolecular coatings or impregnations therefor, e.g. varnishes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to paper making and particularly to a method of andapparat-us for sizing paper.
  • One object of 'my invention is to provide an improved method of sizing paper by which the size canbe made to fully penetrate ,the paper web.
  • Another object of myinvention is to provide a method of sizing paper including driving out the air in a paper sheet; and permitting atmospheric pressure to cause the size to 10 penetrate the sheet.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide amethod of sizing paper by steaming and excluding air from the steamed paper until after it passes, through the sizing bath.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide a simple machine for aspirating paper before sizing.
  • sizing has been one of the most difficult steps to accomplish properly in paper making. It is desirable to use a concentrated size so that a single treatment will size the paper with size of the desired strength, but if concen; trated size is used, only the surface is treated and but little size penetrates to the interior of the sheet. Since the fibers are not cemented well together, the resulting sheet is not strong.
  • the sheet may be wetted quite fully, but
  • the .dilution is such that the fibers, whilewetted, are not properly cemented together because so little size gets into the sheet.
  • the sheet is not nearlyas strong as it might be.
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevation partially in section, showing an apparatus for sizing paper constructed. in accordance with and embodying a pre-- ferred form of my invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional '10 view of the apparatus shown in Fig. l.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-section of the steam chest used with a preferred form of my sizing apparatus.
  • Fig. 4 is a fragmentary detail of a'secondem- .15 bodiment of my invention showing the means for adjusting the width of the paper entrance to the steam chest. 7
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken, on line 55 of Fig. 4.
  • I may provide an apparatus for sizing paper, as shown in-Fig. 1, wherein there is a tank Iwhich is adapted to hold sizing solution 2 which may, be 5 brought up to a predetermined level 3. At one end of the tank I, there is mounted a steam chest designated broadly as 4 in which there is ports a roller I0 pver which a paper web P may 35 be drawn directly from the drying rolls I I.
  • a guide roller I2 Beneath the steam chest a guide roller I2 is mounted, and the paper web P is drawn beneath this guide roller through the sizing solution around a second guide roller I3 mounted in 40 the opposite end of the sizing tank I.
  • a pair of squeezing rollers I4 and I5. These rollers may be of granite and rubber, as is customary, and are for squeezing off the ,excess sizing remaining. on
  • This sizing apparatus is arranged to permitthe paper web P to move continuously. at a relatively high speed. In' fact I have found that the sizing operation is no longer a'limiting factorin the speed of operation of the, machine and that I can be formed on the making wire.
  • the steam chest 4 preferably consists of two sections I1 and I8 which are hinged together at l9, so that one section can swing relative to the other.
  • I provide bolts or screws 20 at the end opposite to the hinge 19 these fasteners, passing through the cooperating flanges 2
  • the steam chest 4 is provided with a pair of walls 24 and 25 which are fastened to flanges. 26 and 21 at the upper walls 28 and 29 of the steam chest, the lower edges 3
  • These converging walls form an aspirator when steam passes upwardly between these walls about both sides of the paper web P as it is moving downwardly between the walls.
  • the countercurrent flow of steam either prevents the air inside of the paper web from entering the steam chest 4, or sucks the air out of the sheet.
  • the paper entrance designated broadly as 35 consists of a slot between two L-shaped members 36 and 31 which may be adjusted relative to each other to vary the space between them.
  • brackets 40 In order to prevent the steam from rushing in through the pipes and 6 and displacing walls 24 and 25, and in order to make the steam circulate rapidly and satisfactorily, I prefer to provide similar brackets 40 on each of the side walls 4
  • the paper exit is preferably formed by the bottom walls 32 and 33 of the hinged sections, and I likewise prefer to provide two similar upstanding flanges 44 on the two sections which are spaced apart a sufficient distance to allow the paper to pass freely down between.
  • my method permits the use of a sizing bath of high viscosity and at the same time provides a means for causing such a sizing bath to penetrate into the paper.
  • a size may be a 6 per cent solution.
  • a 2 per cent solution may be considered a normal one. Since air has been entirely removed from the paper web, the sizing bath is forced into the sheet, even though it is considerably more viscous than the bath normally used.
  • Fig. 4 I have shown a modified form of ad'- justing mechanism for the lips 36 and 31 of the paper entrance plates. As indicated in Figs. 4
  • the rails 50 and 5! are provided with opena I although it is more economical to carry out my ings 52 and 53 in which cams 54 and 55 rest, these cams being movable about the shafts 56 and 51 by means of the knurled heads 58 and 59.
  • both rails are made adjustable to and from each other, whereas in the form shown in Fig. 3, only one rail is made adjustable to and from the other, which may be fixedly mounted.
  • the method of sizing paper continuously which comprises treating a moving paper web with a countercurrent flow of steam immedibath.
  • the method of sizing a continuously moving paper web which comprises passing the paper web through high velocity steam passing in an opposite direction to that in which the paper passes and immediately submerging the paper in size.
  • the method of sizing a continuously movpaper web that consists in treating a small area of the web very briefly with a steam blast and plunging the steamed paper directly into the sizing bath.
  • the method of sizing paper which comprises subjecting a continuously moving P per web to the action of flowing steam, replacing the air in the sheet withsteam and causing the" steam-filled sheet to pass beneath the surface of a sizing bath, condensing the steam in the sizing bath and impregnating the sheet with size.
  • the method of sizing a long paper strip which comprises moving the strip continuously through flowing live steam to carry away air in the sheet,

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US10635A 1935-03-12 1935-03-12 Method of sizing photographic paper Expired - Lifetime US2059880A (en)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10635A US2059880A (en) 1935-03-12 1935-03-12 Method of sizing photographic paper
DEK138855D DE638406C (de) 1935-03-12 1935-08-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Leimen von Papier
GB5209/36A GB470777A (en) 1935-03-12 1936-02-20 Improvements in methods of and apparatus for sizing paper
NL76723A NL43362C (xx) 1935-03-12 1936-02-25
US67701A US2059881A (en) 1935-03-12 1936-03-07 Apparatus for sizing photographic paper
FR803728D FR803728A (fr) 1935-03-12 1936-03-10 Perfectionnements à l'encollage des papiers, en particulier des papiers photographiques
BE414321D BE414321A (xx) 1935-03-12 1936-03-11
DE1937K0148938 DE696918C (de) 1935-03-12 1937-12-21 Verfahren zum Leimen von Papier
GB4613/38A GB488917A (en) 1935-03-12 1938-02-14 Improvements in methods and apparatus for sizing paper
NL86778A NL48850C (xx) 1935-03-12 1938-03-07
BE427195D BE427195A (xx) 1935-03-12 1938-03-25
FR49747D FR49747E (fr) 1935-03-12 1938-03-25 Perfectionnements à l'encollage des papiers, en particulier des papiers photographiques
DE1938729519D DE729519C (de) 1935-03-12 1938-04-28 Vorrichtung zum Leimen von Papier

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10635A US2059880A (en) 1935-03-12 1935-03-12 Method of sizing photographic paper

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2059880A true US2059880A (en) 1936-11-03

Family

ID=21746654

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10635A Expired - Lifetime US2059880A (en) 1935-03-12 1935-03-12 Method of sizing photographic paper

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2059880A (xx)
BE (2) BE414321A (xx)
DE (3) DE638406C (xx)
FR (2) FR803728A (xx)
GB (2) GB470777A (xx)
NL (2) NL43362C (xx)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2556262A (en) * 1946-11-16 1951-06-12 Time Inc Method of coating paper

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3616194A (en) * 1968-12-04 1971-10-26 Wall Away Corp Fibrous silicate products and methods and apparatus for their production
US4231129A (en) * 1979-03-28 1980-11-04 Cotton, Incorporated Apparatus and method for impregnating a dry fiber batt
GB8802745D0 (en) * 1988-02-06 1988-03-09 Raymond Wilson Ltd Leather treatment

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2556262A (en) * 1946-11-16 1951-06-12 Time Inc Method of coating paper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL48850C (xx) 1940-07-15
DE696918C (de) 1940-10-02
FR803728A (fr) 1936-10-07
DE729519C (de) 1942-12-17
BE414321A (xx) 1936-04-30
GB470777A (en) 1937-08-20
BE427195A (xx) 1938-04-30
GB488917A (en) 1938-07-15
FR49747E (fr) 1939-05-30
NL43362C (xx) 1938-06-15
DE638406C (de) 1936-11-14

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