US2059567A - Prevention of sludge formation in lubricating oils - Google Patents
Prevention of sludge formation in lubricating oils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2059567A US2059567A US754283A US75428334A US2059567A US 2059567 A US2059567 A US 2059567A US 754283 A US754283 A US 754283A US 75428334 A US75428334 A US 75428334A US 2059567 A US2059567 A US 2059567A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- chromium
- tin
- oleate
- lubricating oils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/08—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having metal-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2227/082—Pb compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
Definitions
- a lubricant for use in internal-combustion engines having ferrous metal cylinders which lubricant comprises a lubricating oil having dispersed therein one or more substances of a class which counteracts the catalytic action of the ferrous metal upon the oil.
- This class of materials includes organic compounds of chromium and organic compounds of tin. Other suitable organo-metallic compounds may readily be determined by carrying out oxidation tests on the oil in the presence of iron.
- a feature of this invention therefore consists in dispersing in the lubricating oil, in addition to an anticatalyst, a small proportion of a substance for counteracting the aforesaid direct oxidation.
- Various substances are already known to possess this property, such as tin compounds; thus, according to this invention there may be dispersed in the oil'bpth a small proportion of an organic compound of chromium and a small proportion of an organic compound of tin. It is indicated above that tin is included in the class of material which counteracts the catalytic action of the ferrous metal upon the oil. It, however,
- Another cause of deterioration of the lubricating oil is due to spontaneous ignition or cracking'of the oil under high temperature and pressure conditions.
- the lubricating oil has dispersed therein both a small proportion of a substance for counteracting the aforesaid action of metallic surfaces on the oil, for example a small proportion of chromium or its compounds, and a small proportion of a sludge-preventing substance, such as tin or its compounds, and a small proportion of a substance for raising the temperature at which spontaneous ignition or cracking of the 011 takes place, for example tetra-ethyl lead or other suitable lead compounds.
- a substance for counteracting the aforesaid action of metallic surfaces on the oil for example a small proportion of chromium or its compounds
- a sludge-preventing substance such as tin or its compounds
- a substance for raising the temperature at which spontaneous ignition or cracking of the 011 takes place for example tetra-ethyl lead or other suitable lead compounds.
- the invention includes within its scope a lubricant comprising a lubricating oil having dispersed therein in addition to a small proportion of an organic compound of chromium either a small proportion of an organic compound of tin, or of an organic compound of lead, or both said latter substances.
- oil-soluble compounds of the above metals are selected, such as chromium oleate, tin oleate and tetra-ethyl lead, which substances may be added to the oil in proportions of up to 1% by weight of each compound, according to the nature of the lubricating oil treated.
- chromium oleate such as chromium oleate, tin oleate and tetra-ethyl lead
- chromium oleate such as chromium oleate, tin oleate and tetra-ethyl lead
- a lubricant comprising a lubricating oil 5 ing oil having dispersed therein material having dispersed therein in material amounts 5 amounts up to .4% chromium oleate, up to up to .4% chromium oleate and up to .1% tin .1% tin oleate and up to .1% tetra-ethyl lead. oleate.
- a lubricant comprising a. parafilnic ELLIOTT ALFRED EVANS.
Description
Patented Nov. 3, 1936 FFICE PREVENTION OF SLUDGE FORMATION IN LUBRICATING OILS Elliott Alfred Evans, London, England, assignor to C. C. Wakefield & Company Limited, London, England, a British company No Drawing.
Application November 22, 1934,
Serial No. 754,283. 'In Great Britain December 3 Claims.
It is well known that lubricating oils, when exposed to high temperature conditions in the presence of oxygen, tend to deteriorate owing to the formation in the oil of gummy substances which interfere with the lubricating properties of the oil. This deterioration is most pronounced in the lubrication of the pistons of internal- .combustion engines, where the gummy substances become embedded in the piston-ringgrooves, thus impairing the sealing of the cylinder gases, and causing rapid breakdown of the engine or deterioration of its performance. It is found that the formation of sludge and gummy substances in lubricating oils, when used in in- 5 ternal-combustion engines, 'is at least partly due to oxidation of the oils promoted by the catalytic effect of the iron in the walls of the engine cylinders.
According to this invention, there is provided a lubricant for use in internal-combustion engines having ferrous metal cylinders, which lubricant comprises a lubricating oil having dispersed therein one or more substances of a class which counteracts the catalytic action of the ferrous metal upon the oil. This class of materials includes organic compounds of chromium and organic compounds of tin. Other suitable organo-metallic compounds may readily be determined by carrying out oxidation tests on the oil in the presence of iron.
Sludge or gummy substances may also be produced in the oil by direct oxidation quite apart from the aforesaid catalytic action, and the anticatalyst itself may not have the property of preventing such direct oxidation. A feature of this invention therefore consists in dispersing in the lubricating oil, in addition to an anticatalyst, a small proportion of a substance for counteracting the aforesaid direct oxidation. 0 Various substances are already known to possess this property, such as tin compounds; thus, according to this invention there may be dispersed in the oil'bpth a small proportion of an organic compound of chromium and a small proportion of an organic compound of tin. It is indicated above that tin is included in the class of material which counteracts the catalytic action of the ferrous metal upon the oil. It, however,
possesses this propertiy to a lesser degree than D chromium, but it is a good anti-oxidant.
Another cause of deterioration of the lubricating oil is due to spontaneous ignition or cracking'of the oil under high temperature and pressure conditions.
Preferably, the lubricating oil has dispersed therein both a small proportion of a substance for counteracting the aforesaid action of metallic surfaces on the oil, for example a small proportion of chromium or its compounds, and a small proportion of a sludge-preventing substance, such as tin or its compounds, and a small proportion of a substance for raising the temperature at which spontaneous ignition or cracking of the 011 takes place, for example tetra-ethyl lead or other suitable lead compounds.
The invention includes within its scope a lubricant comprising a lubricating oil having dispersed therein in addition to a small proportion of an organic compound of chromium either a small proportion of an organic compound of tin, or of an organic compound of lead, or both said latter substances.'
Preferably, oil-soluble compounds of the above metals are selected, such as chromium oleate, tin oleate and tetra-ethyl lead, which substances may be added to the oil in proportions of up to 1% by weight of each compound, according to the nature of the lubricating oil treated. For example, it has been found by experiment that when added to a compounded oil in the proportion of .1% tin oleate, 5% chromium oleate and .l% tetra-ethyl lead, the tendency to gum-formation in the oil when used in intemal-combustion engines was considerably reduced.
It has been found. however, that with certain oils, the use of all three metallic compounds is not necessary; thus, a mixture of chromium and tin compounds may be used, or, alternatively, a mixture of an oil-soluble chromium compound and an oil-soluble lead compound may be beneficial. For example, in a paraflinic mineral oil, we have found that the addition to the oil of .4% chromium oleate and .l% tin oleate gave beneficial results in reducing the gum-formation in the oil when used in an internal-combustion engine. With a naphthenic oil a similar advantage has been observed in reducing gum-formation by the addition to the oil of .5% chromium oleate and .l% tetra-ethyl lead.
It has been found that owing to the widely different chemicalcompositions of individual lubricating oils, it is preferable to treat each oil according to its particular composition and although advantage may be gained by the addition of one substance to any given lubricating oil, an enhanced eiiect may be obtained by the addition in the proper proportions of the mixtures of various metallic substances herein mineral lubricating oil having dispersed thereproposed. in material amounts up to .4%"'chromium oleate I claim:- and up .1% tin oleate. 1. A lubricant comprising a mineral lubricat- 3. A lubricant comprising a lubricating oil 5 ing oil having dispersed therein material having dispersed therein in material amounts 5 amounts up to .4% chromium oleate, up to up to .4% chromium oleate and up to .1% tin .1% tin oleate and up to .1% tetra-ethyl lead. oleate.
2. A lubricant comprising a. parafilnic ELLIOTT ALFRED EVANS.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB36695/33A GB431066A (en) | 1933-12-30 | 1933-12-30 | Improvements in relation to the treatment of lubricating oils |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2059567A true US2059567A (en) | 1936-11-03 |
Family
ID=10390417
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US754283A Expired - Lifetime US2059567A (en) | 1933-12-30 | 1934-11-22 | Prevention of sludge formation in lubricating oils |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2059567A (en) |
BE (1) | BE405989A (en) |
DE (1) | DE701121C (en) |
FR (1) | FR780448A (en) |
GB (1) | GB431066A (en) |
NL (1) | NL38179C (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2763613A (en) * | 1953-10-29 | 1956-09-18 | Shell Dev | Lubricating oil containing dicyclopentadienyl iron and an oil soluble organic divalent metal salt |
US2763617A (en) * | 1953-10-29 | 1956-09-18 | Shell Dev | Lubricating oil containing dicyclopentadienyl iron and a wear inhibiting agent |
US3303132A (en) * | 1964-03-19 | 1967-02-07 | Mobil Oil Corp | High temperature lubricating compositions |
US4863892A (en) * | 1983-08-16 | 1989-09-05 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Antifoulants comprising tin, antimony and aluminum for thermal cracking processes |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB658243A (en) * | 1947-02-27 | 1951-10-03 | Wakefield & Co Ltd C C | Improvements in or relating to lubricating compositions and additives therefor |
-
0
- NL NL38179D patent/NL38179C/xx active
- BE BE405989D patent/BE405989A/xx unknown
-
1933
- 1933-12-30 GB GB36695/33A patent/GB431066A/en not_active Expired
-
1934
- 1934-10-29 FR FR780448D patent/FR780448A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-10-30 DE DE1934W0095278 patent/DE701121C/en not_active Expired
- 1934-11-22 US US754283A patent/US2059567A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2763613A (en) * | 1953-10-29 | 1956-09-18 | Shell Dev | Lubricating oil containing dicyclopentadienyl iron and an oil soluble organic divalent metal salt |
US2763617A (en) * | 1953-10-29 | 1956-09-18 | Shell Dev | Lubricating oil containing dicyclopentadienyl iron and a wear inhibiting agent |
US3303132A (en) * | 1964-03-19 | 1967-02-07 | Mobil Oil Corp | High temperature lubricating compositions |
US4863892A (en) * | 1983-08-16 | 1989-09-05 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Antifoulants comprising tin, antimony and aluminum for thermal cracking processes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB431066A (en) | 1935-07-01 |
BE405989A (en) | |
DE701121C (en) | 1941-01-09 |
FR780448A (en) | 1935-04-26 |
NL38179C (en) |
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