US2742427A - Lubricating oil containing dispersed magnesium - Google Patents
Lubricating oil containing dispersed magnesium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2742427A US2742427A US360351A US36035153A US2742427A US 2742427 A US2742427 A US 2742427A US 360351 A US360351 A US 360351A US 36035153 A US36035153 A US 36035153A US 2742427 A US2742427 A US 2742427A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- engine
- magnesium
- lubricating oil
- oil containing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/04—Metals; Alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
Definitions
- lubricating oils tend to oxidize under the conditions encountered in use in modern day diesel and automotive engines.
- the oxidation products formed in the oil are acidic in nature and exhibit a corrosive action upon the metal surfaces being lubricated.
- the oxidation of the lubricating oil is attended by formation of sludge, lacquer and resinous materials which are deposited on the engine parts, particularly in the piston ring grooves, so that the operating efiiciency of the engine is lowered.
- Chemical agents have also been developed which are capable of preventing the deposition of lacquer and sludge on the engine parts so that longer and more efiicient operation of the engine is attained.
- separate addition agents are required to provide anti-oxidant and detergent action in an oil.
- the present invention provides a novel addition agent for engine lubricating oils which improves the anti-oxidant as well as the detergent ability of such oils. It is, therefore, the object of this invention to provide motor oils containing this novel improving agent.
- the aforesaid object is accomplished by the incorporation into the oil of a small amount of powdered magnesium.
- magnesium powder would have utility as a lubricant addend, particularly for lubricating oils intended for use in internal combustion engines.
- the magnesium metal may be dispersed in the oil by any suitable method, of which the following may be mentioned as illustrative: (a) a colloidal dispersion of the magnesium may be formed in the oil by arcing magnesium electrodes under the surface of the oil; (b) the magnesium, in the form of a liquid or vapor, may be injected into the oil to obtain a fine dispersion; or (c) the magnesium may be ground to the desired fineness by suitable means, such as by a ball mill and then stirred into the oil. To be suitable for the purpose of the invention, however, the particle size should not be greater than about 45 microns.
- a unique method whereby a ready dispersion of the magnesium particles may be obtained in the oil at the point of use, i. e., in the crankcase of the engine, is that whereby the finely divided metal is mixed with molten wax, the mixture then being cooled and formed into pellets. These pellets may be added to the oil in the engine via the oil addition tube.
- This method is disclosed was ground with a mortar and and claimed in a copendipgapplication'of. Edward A. Oberright, Serial 0. 360,349, filed June 8, 1953.
- dispersing agent such as metal salts of alkyl phenols, phenolic acids, petroleum sulfonic acids, naphthenic acids, etc.
- ionic type dispersing agents such as metal salts of alkyl phenols, phenolic acids, petroleum sulfonic acids, naphthenic acids, etc.
- non-ionic type dispersants such as Tween and Spans, lecithin, etc.
- Lauson engine test The metal-oil dispersion thus prepared was subjected to the Lauson D4 engine test. This test determines oil deterioration as primarily indicated by engine cleanliness and secondarily by corrosion of the copper-lead bearing.
- the engine is inspected for cleanliness of the rings, lands, ring grooves and piston skirt. Cleanliness ratings are made, based on a scale of from 100 to zero, a rating of 100 signifying a perfectly clean engine and a rating of zero representing the worst possible deposit condition.
- the copper-lead bearing of the engine is accurately weighed before and after the test run and the loss in weight thereof is recorded.
- the test involves the oper ation of the single cylinder, 4-cycle, liquid-cooled gasoline engine for 100 hours, the operating condition being as follows:
- the fuel used in the test was a blended gasoline consisting of 40% thermal, 30% catalytically cracked and 30% straight run plus 2.5 cc. TEL/ gal.
- the concentration of dispersed magnesium used in the oil generally will range from about 0.1 to'about 5 weight per cent, depending upon the particular oil and the service conditions for which the oil is intended, the preferred amount being from about 1 to about 2 weight per cent.
- additives designed to improve the oil in various respects, such as pour depressants, viscosity index improvers, extreme pressure agents, etc., may also be used in the oil along with the magnesium.
- a mineral lubricating oil composition suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, having dispersed therein from about 0.1 per cent to about 5 per cent by weight Patented Apr. 1'7, i956 of magnesium particles of a-size no larger than about 45 microns.
Description
LUBRICATING OIL CONTAINING DISPERSED MAGNESIUM Orland M. Reitf, Woodbury, N. .L, assignor to Socony Mobil Oil Company, Inc., a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application June 8, 1953, Serial No. 360,351
1 Claim. (Cl. 252-26) This invention relates to the improvement of lubricating oils of the type used in internal combustion engines.
As is well known, lubricating oils tend to oxidize under the conditions encountered in use in modern day diesel and automotive engines. The oxidation products formed in the oil are acidic in nature and exhibit a corrosive action upon the metal surfaces being lubricated. As is also well known, the oxidation of the lubricating oil is attended by formation of sludge, lacquer and resinous materials which are deposited on the engine parts, particularly in the piston ring grooves, so that the operating efiiciency of the engine is lowered. To counteract these deleterious effects, it has been the practice of the lubricating art to fortify motor oils by the addition thereto of small amounts of chemical agents known as antioxidants which have the ability to inhibit the formation of acidic products in the oil. Chemical agents have also been developed which are capable of preventing the deposition of lacquer and sludge on the engine parts so that longer and more efiicient operation of the engine is attained. As a rule, separate addition agents are required to provide anti-oxidant and detergent action in an oil. The present invention provides a novel addition agent for engine lubricating oils which improves the anti-oxidant as well as the detergent ability of such oils. It is, therefore, the object of this invention to provide motor oils containing this novel improving agent.
The aforesaid object is accomplished by the incorporation into the oil of a small amount of powdered magnesium.
Although it has been known heretofore to utilize a metal powder, for example zinc dust, as an anti-friction component in lubricants of the character used for the lubrication of certain types of machinery, such as friction gears, cutting tools, etc., as far as is known, it has never been suggested that magnesium powder would have utility as a lubricant addend, particularly for lubricating oils intended for use in internal combustion engines.
The magnesium metal may be dispersed in the oil by any suitable method, of which the following may be mentioned as illustrative: (a) a colloidal dispersion of the magnesium may be formed in the oil by arcing magnesium electrodes under the surface of the oil; (b) the magnesium, in the form of a liquid or vapor, may be injected into the oil to obtain a fine dispersion; or (c) the magnesium may be ground to the desired fineness by suitable means, such as by a ball mill and then stirred into the oil. To be suitable for the purpose of the invention, however, the particle size should not be greater than about 45 microns.
A unique method whereby a ready dispersion of the magnesium particles may be obtained in the oil at the point of use, i. e., in the crankcase of the engine, is that whereby the finely divided metal is mixed with molten wax, the mixture then being cooled and formed into pellets. These pellets may be added to the oil in the engine via the oil addition tube. This method is disclosed was ground with a mortar and and claimed in a copendipgapplication'of. Edward A. Oberright, Serial 0. 360,349, filed June 8, 1953.
Although the dispersed magnesium particles tend to settle out of the oil after prolonged periods of storage, no disadvantage results as, in an engine, redispersion takes place immediately whenever the engine is started up. The use of a suitable dispersing agent, however, will provide a highly stable, long-lasting dispersion. Thus, ionic type dispersing agents, such as metal salts of alkyl phenols, phenolic acids, petroleum sulfonic acids, naphthenic acids, etc., are suitable for this purpose. Also, non-ionic type dispersants, such as Tween and Spans, lecithin, etc., may be used.
The ability of the dispersed magnesium as an antioxidant and detergent in engine lubricating oils is illustrated by the following example.
Magnesium metal, 40 to 60 mesh (Eimer and Amend), pestle until it was in a very finely divided state and then passed through a 325-mesh screen to provide a particle size not greater than approximately 45 microns. A sufficient amount of the screened metal to give a 2 per cent concentration was then added to an S. A. E. 20 grade, solvent-refined motor oil having an S. U. V. of 55 seconds at 210 F.
Lauson engine test The metal-oil dispersion thus prepared was subjected to the Lauson D4 engine test. This test determines oil deterioration as primarily indicated by engine cleanliness and secondarily by corrosion of the copper-lead bearing. The engine is inspected for cleanliness of the rings, lands, ring grooves and piston skirt. Cleanliness ratings are made, based on a scale of from 100 to zero, a rating of 100 signifying a perfectly clean engine and a rating of zero representing the worst possible deposit condition. The copper-lead bearing of the engine is accurately weighed before and after the test run and the loss in weight thereof is recorded. The test involves the oper ation of the single cylinder, 4-cycle, liquid-cooled gasoline engine for 100 hours, the operating condition being as follows:
One-half throttle 13.0-l air-fuel ratio Oil added every 20 hours The fuel used in the test was a blended gasoline consisting of 40% thermal, 30% catalytically cracked and 30% straight run plus 2.5 cc. TEL/ gal.
For purpose of comparison, a concurrent test was conducted on the base oil alone. The test on the base oil alone gave an engine cleanliness rating of 65 and showed a bearing weight loss of 557 milligrams per one-half bearing. The test on the blended oil, however, gave an engine cleanliness rating of 79 and showed a bearing weight loss of only milligrams per one-half bearing.
The concentration of dispersed magnesium used in the oil generally will range from about 0.1 to'about 5 weight per cent, depending upon the particular oil and the service conditions for which the oil is intended, the preferred amount being from about 1 to about 2 weight per cent.
Other additives, designed to improve the oil in various respects, such as pour depressants, viscosity index improvers, extreme pressure agents, etc., may also be used in the oil along with the magnesium.
Having now fully described the invention, what is claimed as new and patentable is:
A mineral lubricating oil composition, suitable for use in an internal combustion engine, having dispersed therein from about 0.1 per cent to about 5 per cent by weight Patented Apr. 1'7, i956 of magnesium particles of a-size no larger than about 45 microns.
References Cited in the file of this patent 4 Atlee May 13, Campbell et a1 Oct. 25, Van Loenen Nov. 21, Murphy et a1 Mar. 31, Vinograd et a1 Mar. 9, Lindstrom et a1. Apr. 27,
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US360351A US2742427A (en) | 1953-06-08 | 1953-06-08 | Lubricating oil containing dispersed magnesium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US360351A US2742427A (en) | 1953-06-08 | 1953-06-08 | Lubricating oil containing dispersed magnesium |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2742427A true US2742427A (en) | 1956-04-17 |
Family
ID=23417623
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US360351A Expired - Lifetime US2742427A (en) | 1953-06-08 | 1953-06-08 | Lubricating oil containing dispersed magnesium |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2742427A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3276921A (en) * | 1962-09-24 | 1966-10-04 | Michael W Freeman | Compositions and articles including non-pyrophoric microparticles |
US3290242A (en) * | 1963-04-18 | 1966-12-06 | Ravner Harold | Metal antioxidants for fluoroesters |
US3507789A (en) * | 1967-06-22 | 1970-04-21 | Mobil Oil Corp | Protection of organic materials against oxidation |
US3532623A (en) * | 1966-08-05 | 1970-10-06 | British Petroleum Co | Oleophilic metals |
US3994697A (en) * | 1974-07-24 | 1976-11-30 | Moly Protech Corporation | Fuel distributed solid lubricant for internal combustion |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1810905A (en) * | 1926-05-17 | 1931-06-23 | Donald W Carter | Lubricating-film-forming composition |
US2242101A (en) * | 1940-11-25 | 1941-05-13 | Gen Electric X Ray Corp | Method of conditioning x-ray generators |
US2485861A (en) * | 1945-10-01 | 1949-10-25 | Sumner E Campbell | Lubricating oil |
US2530489A (en) * | 1944-09-25 | 1950-11-21 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Incendiary composition |
US2633332A (en) * | 1946-11-08 | 1953-03-31 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Flame process |
US2671758A (en) * | 1949-09-27 | 1954-03-09 | Shell Dev | Colloidal compositions and derivatives thereof |
US2676925A (en) * | 1950-12-30 | 1954-04-27 | California Research Corp | Method of dispersing metal oxides and hydroxides in lubricating oils |
-
1953
- 1953-06-08 US US360351A patent/US2742427A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1810905A (en) * | 1926-05-17 | 1931-06-23 | Donald W Carter | Lubricating-film-forming composition |
US2242101A (en) * | 1940-11-25 | 1941-05-13 | Gen Electric X Ray Corp | Method of conditioning x-ray generators |
US2530489A (en) * | 1944-09-25 | 1950-11-21 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Incendiary composition |
US2485861A (en) * | 1945-10-01 | 1949-10-25 | Sumner E Campbell | Lubricating oil |
US2633332A (en) * | 1946-11-08 | 1953-03-31 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Flame process |
US2671758A (en) * | 1949-09-27 | 1954-03-09 | Shell Dev | Colloidal compositions and derivatives thereof |
US2676925A (en) * | 1950-12-30 | 1954-04-27 | California Research Corp | Method of dispersing metal oxides and hydroxides in lubricating oils |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3276921A (en) * | 1962-09-24 | 1966-10-04 | Michael W Freeman | Compositions and articles including non-pyrophoric microparticles |
US3290242A (en) * | 1963-04-18 | 1966-12-06 | Ravner Harold | Metal antioxidants for fluoroesters |
US3532623A (en) * | 1966-08-05 | 1970-10-06 | British Petroleum Co | Oleophilic metals |
US3507789A (en) * | 1967-06-22 | 1970-04-21 | Mobil Oil Corp | Protection of organic materials against oxidation |
US3994697A (en) * | 1974-07-24 | 1976-11-30 | Moly Protech Corporation | Fuel distributed solid lubricant for internal combustion |
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