US2055462A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 29, 1936. M KER E1- 2,055,462

OIL BURNER Filed July 21, 1952 o a o 0 o o 0 o o o 0-: o o o e o o o o o o o o o o o 0 c 4: o o o o 'o o o a a. o 0 o o o 6 Q o 38 SVEN A. HALLGREN ATTORNEY I Patented Sept. 29, 1936 PATENT OFFICE OIL BURNER Mark Baker and Sven A. Hallgren, Worcester, Mass, assignors, by mesne assignments, to Boston Machine Works Company, a corpora- .tion of Massachusetts Application July 21, 1932, Serial No. 623,828

t 5 Claims.

particularly to oil burners provided; with perforated sleeves arranged to form one or more'annular chambers in which combustion takes place.

It has heretofore been proposed to provide burners of this type'with a central vaporizing chamber to which the oil is supplied and from which the oil vapor is conducted ultimately through radial passages leading to the combus- 10 tion chambers. The prior constructions have however been subjectto certain difliculties-in actual operation, or have been complicated and expensive to manufacture. With" some arrangements there is a considerable danger of explosion in the event the burner is in charge of an unskilled operator. With other constructions the arrangement for conducting vapor from the vaporizing chamber to the combustion chamber has resulted in considerable back pressure or has not caused an even and continuous flow of vapor. With other constructions, undesirable carbon deposits form in parts of the burner which are inaccessible for cleaning. Still other constructions 2 are difiicult to light, or will not operate satisfactorily over a sufliciently wide range of fuel burning rates, or areinefiicient and wasteful of oil.

In many cases, prior burners are easily flooded the vaporizing chamber to the combustion cham her in an'evenand continuousflow.

It is a further object'of the invention to provide an 'oil burner so constructed that carbon deposits are largely eliminated, and such deposit as do occur can be'readily removed. a

' It is a further object to provide an oil burner which can be easily primed andlighted by an un-- skilled operator without danger of flooding.

With'these and other objects in view, as will be apparent to those skilled in the'art, the invention resides in the combination of parts set forth in 50 the'specification and covered by the claims ap-' pended hereto.

. (Cl. 158-87) This invention relates to oil burners, and more Referring to the drawing illustrating'one em bodiment of the invention and in which like reference numerals indicate like parts,

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through an oil burner and its associated oil feeding apparatus, the sec- 5 tion being taken on the line |--l of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the burner base, all other parts having been removed therefrom; Fig. 3 is a section on the line 33 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail showing the 'construction of a supporting lug;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a portion of the central cover plate; and I Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the bottom of thepriming disk.

The embodiment illustrated comprises a base I of suitable material, such as cast iron, shaped to provide inner and outer concentric annular fuel grooves l l and I2 respectively. These grooves are open atthe top, and they are con- 20 nected by four equally spaced radial passages l4; Four concentric perforated cylindrical sleeves are mounted on the base 10' and arranged to form two annular combustion chambers l1 and I8 located directly above and in communication with the grooves II and I2 respectively. The sleeves l5 are preferably comparatively thin and formed from a suitable high heat resisting steel. i The base I0 is preferably shaped to provide a central annular groove which is concentric with the fuel grooves II' and I2 and smaller in diameter. The groove 20 is likewise open at the top, and it is connected to the inner fuel groove l l by means of four radial passages 2| which are shown aligned with the passages ML The outer Wall 22 of the central groove 20 as illustrated extends slightly above the topsof the fuel grooves, while the inner wall 23 of the central groove extends for a considerable distance upwardly and preferably terminates in a horizontal plane located more than half-way up the sleeves IS. A horizontal wall 25 extends across within the cylindrical wall 23 and is spaced downwardly from the top edge thereof, thus providing a central'vapor izing chamber in the form of a cup 26 which is open at the top. In order to conduct the oil' vapor which is generated in the cup 26 to the central groove 20, from whence it may flow to the fuel grooves, we provide a member 21 shaped as' 0 an inverted cup mounted on the wall 22 and form ing a chamber enclosing the vaporizing cup. The member 21 is spaced both vertically and laterally from the vaporizing cup and the portions of the wall 23 below the cup, so as to provide an annular passage for the vapor from the cup 26 downwardly to the groove 20 and the passages 21 and I4. As will be seen in Fig. 1 the bottom of the inverted cup 21 overlies the vaporizing chamber formed by the cup 25. The wall 22 is preferably provided with a pair of outwardly projecting pins 29 which engage bayonet slots 30 in the lower portion of the member 21 to hold the parts in assembled relattion, while p'errnitting ready separation thereof when'necessary: The member'ZTis-preferably formed of thin, high heat resisting'steel.

The vaporizing cup 26 is supplied with oil by gravity from a reservoir 32, and the ,oil in.-the.-

reservoir is maintained at a constant level slightly below the elevation of the upper edge' ofLth'e' cup, over which the vapor must pass: to enterthe vapor passage. One suitable meansfor maintaining the desired oil level comprises an inverted bottle 33 of well-known constructionv which formss a;- barometric oil feeding device.

moving this -plug; .it iS-ipjOSSibIG to insert a. brush or other tool and thus clean'the vertical-sectionof the pipe. 1 7

It is desirable to restrict the annular discharge slots" atl the top:ofthe-combustionchambers i1 and I8, as it has been found that this-results-inmore perfect: combustion and the productionof a clean blue flame. We preferably provide thisrestriction r by means of a frusto-coni'cal portionor'flange 4-[I at thetop of each perforatedrsleeve l; eachflang'e 40: being arranged to-slope up.-

wardly: andto' extend over the adj acent' annular The flanges so arepreferably formed integral with the sleeves by a .IOlling; process; Theynot only provide'the desiredre- 'striction atthetopof the combustion chambers,

combustion chamber.

but: also serve to stiffen and strengthen the sleevesl5, thus reducing-the possibility, of-warp-- ing of these'parts fromthe heat,'.or damage'from' carelesshandling during shipment or installation.

In order to compel the air: which flows upewardly between the radial passages 2| to: pass through: the inner perforatedv sleeve-'1 15 into the combustion chamber ll we utilize acircular plate 42; which is preferably-formed of thin; high heat: 'resistingsteel and provided withradialstrengthening ribs 43 'pressed-therein. The plate 42 fits closely within theinner sleeve and preferably rests-'upon-lugs44-on'thesleeve and near the topthereof. These'lugs may be-formedintegral with the sleeve by forcing a small portion of themetal. inwardly, as'indicatedin detailin Fig. 4. An

annular plate 46- is provided between the two These parts are shown on a greatly reduced scale as compared-to" burner is rigid and unlikely to become distorted, yet the various parts can be easily taken apart if necessary.

In order to place the burner in operation, it is necessary to provide means for heating the oil in the cup 26, thus starting the formation of the oil vapor. For this purpose we have illustrated an annular wick 5|] of suitable material, such as asbestos, which is mounted in the inner fuel groove I I. This wick is provided with notches 5| at the bottom in line with the passages 2| and I4, so as not to obstruct the flow of the vapor. Since the oil level in the reservoir 3 2ii's below the top of thevaporizing cup 26, it is-"impossible to saturate the wick 50 by opening the valve 36. We accord- 'ingly provide means for priming the burner by forcing oil from the cup 26 upwardly and over the edge of the cup. For this purpose we preferably utilize azthinzcircularrdisk 53 mounted within the vaporizing; cup and; provided with an upwardly extending stem-5'4, which is free to slide through openings'in the member 21 and the plate 42. The

;stem 54:may:-be:provided with a ring 55 at its upper end which forms a handle. The disk 53 is preferably slightly smaller in diameter than the vaporizing. cup,- and:provided. with several smali projecting. portions. 56. on its lower surface which rest-uponthe bottom'wall 25.-of. the cup. 'With' the wick is ignited by inserting a lighter dOWllr:

wardl-yinto the inner: combustion chamber ll; After a few minutes the "burner will becomehot. and'the oil-in thecup. 2.6 will begin to vaporize. The oil vapor will.first ascendinto impingement with the bottom of theinverted cup-2Tand-wi1l then travel therefrom downwardly through the.

annular passage and superheating chamber formed-by the wall 23 andthe inverted cup 2.1,

through theradial passagesZl. to'the inner fuel groove H and thence through the, radial pas sages; l4=to the outer fuel. groove I2. From the grooves H and i2 the vapor will-ascend intothe combustion chambers l1 and. [8, where it will mingle with the air flowing into these chambers through. their perforated wallsand produce efficient'combustion. I

' Since the vaporizing cup 26 islocated high up in the burner and inv a zone-of comparatively high temperatures, it is possible to operate the burnerat very low combustion rateswhen desired and yet there will be sufficient. heat transmitted. to'the vaporizing, cup to ensure'the generation of the necessary quantity of vapor. The combustion rate is controlled by means of the valve35, but itis impossible for a careless operator to flood the burner even though the burner is cold and the valve is opened wide. Except when the burner isprimed forstarting,

nothing but vapor is burned, and no liquid oil reaches the fuel grooves. Hence the combustion is very rapid and efiicient, and no carbondeposits are formed-in the various passages of the burner. The vapor is free to-escape as rapidly as it forms, sothatthe. vapor pressure cannot increase toiany appreciable extent, and there is consequently no danger of explosions from this cause. The member 21 becomes very hot, and not only radiates heat to the vaporizing cup but also conducts heat to the vapor flowing downwardly from the cup. This superheats the vapor and adds to the efficiency of combustion.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An oil burner comprising means including two perforated sleeves providing an annular combustion chamber, a central vaporizing chamber, means providing a passage for vapor leading from the vaporizing chamber to the lower portion of the combustion chamber, an oil reservoir, means to maintain oil in the reservoir at a level below the elevation of the entrance to the vapor passage, a conduit leading from the reservoir to the vaporizing chamber and entering said chamber at an elevation below said oil level, and manually operable means to force oil from the vaporizing chamber into the vapor passage and thus prime the burner.

2. An oil burner comprising means including two perforated sleeves providing an annular combustion chamber, a central vaporizing chamber, means providing a passage for vapor leading from the vaporizing chamber to the lower portion of the combustion chamber, an oil reservoir, means to maintain oil in the reservoir at a level below the elevation of the entrance to the vapor passage, a conduit leading from the reservoir to the vaporizing chamber and entering the chamber at an elevation below said oil level, a member mounted in the vaporizing chamber below the oil level, and means for raising said member manually, whereby oil may be forced into the vapor passage to prime the burner.

3. An oil burner comprising means including two perforated sleeves providing an annular combustion chamber, a central vaporizing cup open at the top, means providing a passage to conduct vapor from the cup to the lower portion of the combustion chamber, an oil reservoir, means to maintain oil in the reservoir at a level below the elevation of the top of said cup, a conduit leading from the reservoir to the vaporizing cup and entering the cup at an elevation below said oil level, a substantially horizontal disk mounted in the cup below the oil level, and means for raising said disk manually, thereby forcing oil over the edge of the cup into the vapor passage to prime the burner.

4. An oil burner comprising means forming an annular fuel groove open at the top, two perforated cylindrical sleeves providing an annular combustion chamber located above and in communication with the groove, a central circular vaporizing cup open at the top, the edge of the cup being higher than the bottom of the fuel groove, means providing a passage to conduct vapor from the cup to the fuel groove, an oil reservoir, means to maintain oil in the reservoir at a level below the elevation of the edge of the cup, a conduit leading from the reservoir to the vaporizing cup and entering the cup below the oil level, a circular disk mounted in the cup and substantially equal to the cup in diameter, and a stem extending upwardly from the disk, whereby the disk may be lifted manually and oil forced over the edge of the cup into, the vapor passage to prime the burner.

5. An oil burner comprising means forming an annular fuel groove open at the top, two perforated cylindrical sleeves providing an annular combustion chamber located above and in communication with the groove, means including inner and outer walls forming a central annular groove open at the top which is concentric with and smaller in diameter than the fuel groove, radial passages connecting the grooves, a wall extending across within the inner wall and spaced downwardly from the top edge thereof to provide a vaporizing cup which is open at the top, an oil reservoir, means to maintain oil in the reservoir at a level below the elevation of the edge of the cup, a conduit leading from the reservoir to the vaporizing cup and entering the cup below the oil level, an inverted cup mounted over the vaporizing cup and supported on the outer wall, said inverted cup being arranged to direct vapor from the vaporizing cup downwardly, a disk mounted in the vaporizing cup below the oil level, a stem projecting upwardly from the disk through the inverted cup, whereby the disk may be lifted manually to prime the burner, and means to fasten the inverted cup to the outer wall, said means including a pin on one of these parts which engages a bayonet slot in the other part.

MARK BAKER. SVEN A. HALLGREN.

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