US2053516A - Fine-grain developers - Google Patents
Fine-grain developers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2053516A US2053516A US19704A US1970435A US2053516A US 2053516 A US2053516 A US 2053516A US 19704 A US19704 A US 19704A US 1970435 A US1970435 A US 1970435A US 2053516 A US2053516 A US 2053516A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fine
- grain
- ammonium chloride
- developer
- developers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QMJDEXCUIQJLGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(methylamino)phenyl] hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 QMJDEXCUIQJLGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metaborate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]B=O NVIFVTYDZMXWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002508 contact lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
- G03C5/305—Additives other than developers
Definitions
- the principal object of the present invention to provide a fine-grain photographic developer which contains an M-Q type of developing agent and which does not cause log on the negative.
- This object is accomplished by the present invention by adding the optimum amount 0! ammonium chloride to an M--Q type 0! developer.
- M-Q developer we mean a developer which contains p-methylamlnophenol sulphate or similar aminophenol and hydroquinone in varying proportions.
- the developer includes sodium sulphite and an alkali and it may include a small amount of a soluble bromide such as potassium bromide.
- any oi the well-known alkaline reacting agents may be used such as borax, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium metaborate. or triethanolamine. The following formulas have been found to give good results:
- ammonium chloride With this amount of ammonium chloride, an image is produced which has about the same graininess as the image which is produced on development with p-phenylenediamine, which is a well-known fine-grain developer.
- the ammonium chloride may be used in amounts less than 50 grams per liter, but if the amount is materially decreased, graininess of the image increases. Increasing the ammonium chloride above 50 grams per liter does not appear to result in any further material decrease in graininess.
- a fine-grain photographic developer comprising an M-Q developing agent and ammonium chloride in amount suflicient to produce a fine grain image. 7
- a fine-grain photographic developer comprising a solution of an MQ developing agent and ammonium chloride in the amount of approximately 50 grams per liter of developing solutlon.
- a fine-grain photographic developer comprising approximately 7 grams of an MQ developing agent and approximately 50 grams of ammonium chloride.
- a fine-grain photographic developer comprising a solution containing approximately 7 grams of an MQ developing agent and approximately 50 grams of ammonium chloride in 1 liter of solution.
- a fine-grain photographic developer comprising an MQ developing agent, ammonium chloride in amount suflicient to produce a fine grain image, and triethanolamine.
- a fine-grain photographic developer comprising approximately 7 grams of an MQ developing agent, approximately 40 grams of ammonium chloride, and approximately 5 grams of 10 triethanolamine.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
Patented Sept. 8, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2.053.516 I FINE-GRAIN DEVELOPERS No Drawing. Application May 3, 1935,
" Serial No. 19.704
6 Claims. (CL -88) This invention relates to photographic developers and more particularly to developers which produce a fine-grain image.
A large number of the cameras which have recently been placed on the market use a narrow film and the negative obtained is of such a size that the print must be made by projection rather than by contact printing. In order to produce a clear and continuous-tone print by projection, it is desirable to have a fine-grain image on the negative. Numerous methods have been suggested for obtaining these fine-grain images on development, such as diluting the developer or adding special agents which slow down the speed of development. Other developers have been suggested which employ developing agents which are poisonous and unpleasant to use or which are difficult to obtain. No one, as far as we are aware, has produced a successful fine-grain developer which makes use or the ordinary M-Q type of developer.
It is, therefore, the principal object of the present invention to provide a fine-grain photographic developer which contains an M-Q type of developing agent and which does not cause log on the negative.
This object is accomplished by the present invention by adding the optimum amount 0! ammonium chloride to an M--Q type 0! developer.
In accordance with our invention, ammonium chloride is added in powder or in solution to the usual M-Q developer. By M-Q developer", we mean a developer which contains p-methylamlnophenol sulphate or similar aminophenol and hydroquinone in varying proportions. In addition to the developing agent which we have referred to as M-Q, the developer includes sodium sulphite and an alkali and it may include a small amount of a soluble bromide such as potassium bromide. As the alkali of these developers, any oi the well-known alkaline reacting agents may be used such as borax, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium metaborate. or triethanolamine. The following formulas have been found to give good results:
1. p-methylaminophenolsulphate l g Hydroquinone g 5 Sodium sulphite g Sodium sulphite..-- g-- Ammonium chloride -....-g 50 Sodium metaborate g 5 Water to liter 1 3. p-methylaminophenol sulphate g 2 Hydroquinone g 5 Sodium sulphite g 35 Ammonium chloride g 45 Borax" g 8 Potassium bromid g 0.5 Water to liter.. 1 4. p-methylaminophenol sulphate ..g 5
Hydroquinone g 2.5 Sodium sulphite g 35 Ammonium chloride g 45 Bor [2 8 Potassium bromide g 0.5 Water to liter 1 5. pmethylaminophenol sulphate.. g 5
Hydroquinone g 2.5 Sodium sulphite g 60 Ammonium chloride"-.. g 40 Sodium metaborate g 6 Potassium bromide--- g 1 water m litpr 1 6. p-methylaminophenol sulphate g 5 Hydroquinone g 2.5 Sodium sulphite g 60 Ammonium chloride g 40 Triethanolamine (commercial) g 5 Potassium bromide g 1 Water to liter 1 We have found that the optimum amount of ammonium chloride to use in these developers is about 50 grams per liter of developing solution. With this amount of ammonium chloride, an image is produced which has about the same graininess as the image which is produced on development with p-phenylenediamine, which is a well-known fine-grain developer. The ammonium chloride may be used in amounts less than 50 grams per liter, but if the amount is materially decreased, graininess of the image increases. Increasing the ammonium chloride above 50 grams per liter does not appear to result in any further material decrease in graininess.
It is to he understood that our invention is not limited to the formulas and examples stated above, but includes all modifications coming within the terms of the appended claims.
What we claim is:
1. A fine-grain photographic developer comprising an M-Q developing agent and ammonium chloride in amount suflicient to produce a fine grain image. 7
2. A fine-grain photographic developer comprising a solution of an MQ developing agent and ammonium chloride in the amount of approximately 50 grams per liter of developing solutlon.
3. A fine-grain photographic developer comprising approximately 7 grams of an MQ developing agent and approximately 50 grams of ammonium chloride.
4. A fine-grain photographic developer comprising a solution containing approximately 7 grams of an MQ developing agent and approximately 50 grams of ammonium chloride in 1 liter of solution.
5. A fine-grain photographic developer comprising an MQ developing agent, ammonium chloride in amount suflicient to produce a fine grain image, and triethanolamine.
6. A fine-grain photographic developer comprising approximately 7 grams of an MQ developing agent, approximately 40 grams of ammonium chloride, and approximately 5 grams of 10 triethanolamine.
' JOHN I. CRAB'I'REE.
PAUL W. VITTUM.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19704A US2053516A (en) | 1935-05-03 | 1935-05-03 | Fine-grain developers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19704A US2053516A (en) | 1935-05-03 | 1935-05-03 | Fine-grain developers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2053516A true US2053516A (en) | 1936-09-08 |
Family
ID=21794602
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19704A Expired - Lifetime US2053516A (en) | 1935-05-03 | 1935-05-03 | Fine-grain developers |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2053516A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2466423A (en) * | 1945-05-11 | 1949-04-05 | Eastman Kodak Co | Fine-grain developers |
| US3255008A (en) * | 1961-10-13 | 1966-06-07 | Morton Int Inc | Photographic processing compositions |
-
1935
- 1935-05-03 US US19704A patent/US2053516A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2466423A (en) * | 1945-05-11 | 1949-04-05 | Eastman Kodak Co | Fine-grain developers |
| US3255008A (en) * | 1961-10-13 | 1966-06-07 | Morton Int Inc | Photographic processing compositions |
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