US2029621A - Pile fabric and method of making the same - Google Patents

Description

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Patented Feb. 4, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PILE FABRIC AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Application April 12, 1933, Serial No. 665,725

4 Claims.

My invention is a pile fabric having a ground or back with which pile loops or tufts of unequal length or height are interlaced to form irregular face, and the method of weaving such fabrics.

In fabric embodying my invention,- the ground or back contains wefts with which pile warps are interlaced so that each pile warp forms alternately long and short pile loops. Preferably the pile warps interlaced in a ground are grouped in pairs loops may be left uncut to form a frieze type fab-- ric or may be cut to form cut pile tufts of unequal lengths.

Such fabrics may be woven double, in accordance with my invention, upon a loom having three sets of pile loop gauges, such as wires or cords extending warpwise of the loom; one set of gauges being disposed in a substantially horizontal plane between the other two sets of gauges. The intermediate set of gauges supports and aids in the formation of long loops of both a top fabric and a bottom fabric. Theupper set of gauges supports and aids in the formation of short loops for the top fabric, and the lower set of gauges supports and aids in the formation of short loops for the lower fabric. Preferably a double shuttle loom is utilized in weaving the fabrics double and pairs of wefts are laid simultaneously, but a single shuttle loom may be employed.

In weaving my novel fabrics double, there are utilized ground warps for each fabric, pile warps for each fabric and pairs of picks positioned one above the other. The pairs of picks are laid in a cycle in which, it may be considered, one pick of the first pair is interlaced with the ground warps and all the pile warps of the top fabric and the other pick of the first pair is interlaced with the ground warps and all the pile warps of the bottom fabric. One weft of the second pair supports short loops formed by certain pile warps of the bottom fabric and the other weft of the second pair supports long loops formed by other pile warps of the bottom fabric. The respective 'wefts of the third pair interlace with the ground warps of the top fabric and bottom fabric. respectively. One weft of the fourth pair supports long loops formed by certain pile warps of the top fabric and the other weft of the fourth pair supports short loops formed by other pile warps of the top fabric. The cycle is then repeated but with the pile warps which formed long loops in the first sequence forming short loops in the second sequence, and vice versa.

The characteristic features and advantages of my method and the product thereof will further appear from the following description and the accompanying drawing in illustration thereof.

In the drawing, Fig. l is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating diagrammatically the arrangement of yarns and gauges in the weaving of double fabric in accordance with my invention and Fig. 2 is a graph illustrating diagrammatically the shedding of warps and top and bottom gauge sets during the picking of the wefts of a complete series.

As illustrated in the drawing, the fabrics are woven in duplicate on a double shuttle loom having a set of upper gauge wires A s'upportedat their left hand end (Fig. 1) by the shedding mechanism of the loom, a set of lower gauge wires B supported at their left hand ends (Fig. 1) by the shedding mechanism of the loom, and a set of stationary gauge wires C disposed in a horizontal plane between sets A and B.

By the utilization of such mechanism and of my improved method, there may be produced a top fabric and a bottom fabric each having a ground and long and short pile loops. Such fabrics separate from one another as they weave downofi the gauges A, B and C and towards the right (Fig. 1) and are taken off by the pin rollers of the loom.

The weaving of the top fabric involves the shedding of gauges A, of ground warps A and A and of pile warps A and A The weaving of the bottom fabric involves the shedding of. the gauges B, of ground warps B and B and of pile warps B and B At the beginning of the weaving of the fabric fragment shown in Fig. 1, (starting at the right) the shedding mechanism elevates the warps A A A A and gauge B and depresses warps A B B B and gauge A so as to permit the simultaneous laying of the pick 5 in interlacing relation with the ground warps and pile warps of the top fabric and of the pick 5' in interlacing relation with the ground warps and pile warps of the bottom fabric.

Before the next picking action, the shedding mechanism elevates the warps A B gauge A, depresses the warps B gauge B, moves the warps H to intermediate position and leaves znaining warps as they previously were. When the shuttles lay the picks 8" and 9 they are supported respectively on the gauges C and i3 and support respectively the warps B and B and form respectively long loops 0 and short loops b on the bottom fabric.

The shedding mechanism then elevates the warp B and gauge B, depresses the warp A and gauge A moves the warps A A and B to intermediate position, leaving the remaining warps as they were on the previous picking motion. The laying of the picks Hand 1' interlaces them respectively with the ground warps A and A and. with the ground warps B and B On the next shedding movement, the warps A and gauges A are elevated, the warps B A BA 13 and gauges B are depressed, and the remaining warps are left as they were on th ,st previous picking motion. The piclzor weft l. is then laid and is supported against the gauges A. supports the short loops formed the warps A. The companion pick or weft laid supported against the gauges C and supports the long loop c formed by the warp The next shedding motion elevates warns B A A and the gauges l3; depresses as. -o A and the gauges A and. leaves the remaining warps in their last preceding'position. The I 8 is then laid and interiaces between the grcun warps A and A and anchors the warps A and A in the ground. Simultaneously or sequentially the pick 9 is laid and interlaces with the ground warps B B and anchors the pile warps B and B in the ground of the bottom fabric.

During or after the beat-up of the picks 9 and 8", the shedding motion elevates the warps A, B and gauges A; depresses the warps l3 and gauges B; and moves the warps B to an intermediate position, the remaining warps being left in their last preceding position. The pick or weft III is then laid and is supported by the gauges C and supports the'long loops b formed by the warps B Simultaneously or sequentially therewith the pick ill is laid, is supported by the gauges B, and supports the loop 0" formed by the warps B There is thus formed across the fabric a second row of long and short loops on the bottom fabric, the warps which form the small loops of the first row forming the long loops of the second row, and vice versa.

The next shedding motion elevates the warps B and the gauges B; depresses the warps A and gauges A; moves the warps A A and B to an intermediate position, and leaves the remaining warps in their last preceding position. The pick iiis now laid to form a ground weft between the ground warps A and A of the top fabric and the pick ii is concurrently or sequentially laid to form a weft interlaced with the ground warps B and B of the bottom fabric.

The next movement of the shedding mechanism elevates the warps A and the gauges A; depresses the warps B, A B, B and gauges B and leaves the remaining warps in their last previous position. The pick Ii." is then laid to form a face weft resting against the gauges A and supporting the short loo s a formed by the warps The pick 52" is cccu "ently or sequentially laid to form a, face weft resting against the gauges C and supporting the loops 0" formed by the warps n There are thus formed across the top fabric a second row of long and short loops, the warps which form the long loops of the first row forming the short loops of the second row, and vice versa.

After the fabrics pass oil the free ends of the gauges they separate and the wefts connecting the selvages of the two fabrics may be readily cut and the face Wefts pulled ii. desired.

By my invention I am enabled to produce rapidly and economically fabrics having long and short loops providing a good coverage or the ground with a minimum use of pile yarns, and if desired, the loops may be cut so as to provide pile tufts or different lengths simulating the uneven lengths of the hairs of natural fur.

"' described my invention, 1' claim- .i'abric comprising a ground contain- ,rouncl wefts and pairs of pile warps intertnerein, each pile warp forming alternatemg loop a short pile loop and the short long loop of the warps sucl ground Wei 2. El. pile fabric comprising a ground including weft threads, pile warps looped around weft threads aforesaid and forming rows of loops of unequal lengths between said weft threads, 8. ground weft over which each of said rows is looped and face wei'ts supporting respectively a row of long loops and a row of short loops.

In the weaving of double fabrics, the steps which consist in laying yarn to form a weft in each of a pair of spaced grounds, next laying yarn to form Wefts supporting respectively pile loops of different lengths interlaced in one of said grounds only, next laying yarn to form a weft in each of said pair of grounds, and next laying yarn to term wefts supporting respectively pile loops of different lengths interlaced in the other of said grounds only.

4. In the weaving of double fabrics on three sets of pile loop gauges arranged with one set 01' gauges between the other two sets of gauges, the steps which consist in laying yarns to form a weft above the upper set of gauges and a weft below the lower set of gauges, interlacing with each of said wefts ground warps and pile warps. laying yarns to form a weft between the intermediate set and upper set of said gauges and to the: warp of such pair, and the nr being looped under the same form a weft between the intermediate set and- .to form a weft between the intermediate set and upper set of said gauges and to form a weft between the intermediate set and the lower set of said gauges and interlacing with said last named wefts pile warps interlaced with the other of said first named wefts.

FRANK M. KAUFMAN.

I one we oi pair being aligned with a

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