US2108288A - Manufacture of pile fabrics - Google Patents

Description

`Feb. l5, 1938. '.J. KUBICKY l MANUFACTURE .OF PILE FABRICS Filed May 29, 1954 2 Sheetg-Sheet 2 #www @mwN WNN @NN SQN um. wmv

ATTORNEY.

Patented Feb. 15, 193s UNITED STATES ,PATENT oEFIcE 'Y 2,108,288 i MANUFACTURE OF PILE FABRICS Joseph Kubicky, Brandywine Summit, Pa., assignor to Collins & Aikman Corporation', Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Delaware Application May 29, 1934, serial No. 728,142 2s claims. (ol. 139-397) ing upon the appearance oi cut and uncut pilefabric made in single pieces upon wire looms.-

By my invention, such simulations of cut and uncut Wire-loom fabrics may be made rapidly and economically upon double shuttle looms wefts temporarily supported by the warpwisef extending members-and providing supports on which are looped pile warps interconnecting the grounds.

'Ihe facewefts laid by the. upper shuttle and the face wefts laid Aby 'the lower shuttle lie on opposite sides of the'warpwise-extending members and hence .are in different planes between the grounds,l and each warp length interconnecting the grounds is preferably looped on a. face weft laid by the one shuttle and then looped on a face weft laid by the other shuttle between the exit of 'such warp length from one ground and its entry into the other ground.l The Warp is preferably again looped on a face weft laid by one shuttle and then on a face weft laid by 40A the other shuttle on opposite sides of the warpwise-extending members in the passage of such warp back to the ground from which it started.

The warpWise-extending members preferably consist of stationary thin metallic strips project- Ving through the loom reed and having'free ends terminating within the fabric .but adjacent to the fell line thereof. Othersuitable members, suchas wires or cords, may, however, be used if desired.

Preferably each ground is provided with'uncut warp pile loops, which may be looped over the wefts forming supports for the ground-interconnecting warps or the same warps may be used for forming short pile loops and for forming ground-interconnecting warp lengths,

' The apexes of loops on one ground overlap the apexes of loops on the otherl ground during the weaving of the fabric.. When, however, the fabric is woven down toward the take-up rollers far enough to slide off of the free endsof the-warp wise-extending members, the grounds are drawn apart the full distance permitted by the unl'ooping of the ground-interconnecting warp lengths and the uncut loops on one ground are then materially spaced from the uncut loops on the other 10' ground,so that the interconnecting warp lengths may Vhel readily cut by the usual reciprocating cutter ona double plush loom.

The characteristic features and advantages of my improvements will further appear from the 15 A following description and the accompanying drawings in illustration thereof.

In the drawings, Fig. l illustrates diagrammatically the weaving, separation of the grounds and cutting of a double pile fabric in accordance with 20 my invention using a plurality of interconnecting warps and a separate loop-forming warp for each ground; Fig. 2 illustrates diagrammatlcally a section of cut and uncut fabric produced by my invention from one fabric shown in Fig. l; Fig. 25 3 shows graphs of suitable draws and sequences of shedding operations illustrating how my invention may be utilized with backlngs woven leither two-and-one or one and-one"; Fig. 4 illustrates diagrammatically the Weaving of a 30 dent-width of a fabric in which the same warps form short pile loops on each ground and groundinterconnecting warp lengths which may be cut to form pile tufts; Fig. 4A shows graphs of a suitable draw'and shedding operations in weav- 35 ing yarns as shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 5 illustrates diagrammatically the weaving of a dent-width of fabric complementary to the dent-width of fabric shown in Fig. 4, with which it may be used in suitable dent groupings to 'produce a fabric 40 having loops and tufts in adjacent dent groups l staggered relative to one another.; andFig. 5A

shows graphs of a suitable draw and shedding operations ln .weaving yarns as show'n in Fig. 4.

The manufacture of fabric in accordance with 45 my invention may be carried out on a usual type of double shuttle. loom having shuttles X and'X simultaneously operable in fixed -planes to re. spectively lay wefts above and below stationary Warpwise extending members or gages vA sup.- 50

In weaving the particular fabric shown in Figs.v

1 to 3 of the drawings, which is shown by way of illustration only, there are utilized the backing warps B1 and B2 for forming the ground of the upper fabric, the backing warps B3 and B4 for forming the ground of the lower fabric, thepile warp P2 for forming uncut pile loops on the upper fabric, the pile warp P5 for forming uncut pile loops on the lower fabric, and the pile warps P1, P5, and P4 for connecting the grounds of the upper and lower fabrics and which, when cut, form pile tufts projecting above the pile loops formed by the pile warps P2 and P5 on the upper and lower fabrics. The warp yarn ends in a dent space of the reed may be drawn`through heddles mounted in heddle frames I to I 0 arranged as indicated in the lower diagram of Fig. 3, which indicates the draw for a two-andone backing and also the draw for a one-andone backing. The same draw for the pile yarns may be used for either type of backing. The gages A may be fixed to a stationary heddle frame or to a stationary cross bar.

In weaving a repeat of this fabric, the cycle may be considered as starting with the simultaneous laying of the picks or wefts IA and IB by the upper shuttle X and the lower shuttle X' respectively; the weft yarns laid by both shuttles being preferably of the same size or count.

The positions occupied by the warp yarns during the laying of the wefts are indicated by the upper diagram of Fig. 3 showing the up, middle or down position of each warp during the laying of each pair of picks; each vertical row of squares of the upper diagram indicating the positions of a `warp thread symbolized by an arrow in the lower diagram aligned with such row.

During the laying of the picks IA and IB,-the usual harnesses of the loom so positioned the heddles through which the warp yarns respectively pass as to hold in the upper pile position the warps P1 and P2, hold in the middle pile position the warps P3, P4, and P5, hold in the upper position of the top shed the ground warp B1, hold in the lower position of the top shed the ground'warp B2, hold in the upper position of the bottom shed the ground warp B4, and hold in the lower position of the bottom shed the ground warp B2. The weft IA therefore forms a ground weft in the upper fabric and secures thereto the pile warps P1 and P2, while the weft IB forms merely a ground weft in the bottom fabric.

During :the reverse movement of the shuttles X and X to lay respectively the picks or wefts 2A and 2B, the harnesses so position the heddles as to hold in the upper pile position the pile warps P1, P2, P2, P4, and P5, hold in the upper position of the top shed the ground warps B1 and B2, hold in the upper position of the bottom shed the ground Warp B4, and hold in the lower position of the bottom shed the ground warp B5. Consequently the weft 2A will be laid between the gauges A and the top ground and will provide a support for the bottom loop warps P5 and the ground-interconnecting warps P3 and P4. The weft 2B will be laid in the bottom ground when weaving with a two-and-one backing, but may be laid, as indicated by the dotted weft 2B', between the bottom ground and the Warp'5 to provide a one-and-one backing, in which event the ground warps will be shedded as indicatedin the oneand-one backing draft.

During the laying ofthe wefts 3A and 3B by the shuttles X and X respectively, the loom harnesses position the heddles so as to hold in the lower pile position the pile warps P1, P2, P3, P4,.

and P5, hold in the upper position of the top shed the ground warps B2, hold in the lower position of the top shed the ground warp B1, and hold in the lower position of the bottom shed the ground Warps B3 and B4. Consequently the pick or weft 3A forms a ground weft in the top fabric and the pick or weft 3B lies between the bottom ground and the bottom of the gages A and rests against the latter to form a support for the loop pile warp P2 of the upper fabric and the ground-interconnecting pile warps P1 and P4.

On the next movement of the shuttles X and X', they respectively lay the ground weft 4A in the upper fabric and the ground weft 4B in the bottom fabric when a two-and-one backing is being woven. During the laying of the weft 4A and 4B, the harnesses of the loom so position the heddles as to hold in the intermediate pile position the pile warps P1, P2, and P4, hold in the lower pile position the pile warps P3 and P5,Ahold in the upper position of the top shed the ground warp B2, hold in the lower position of the top shed the ground warp B1, hold in the upper position of the bottom shed the ground warp B3, and hold in the lower position of the bottom shed the ground warp B4. Consequently the weft 4A forms merely a ground weft in the upper fabric, or if it is desired to weave a one-and-one backing the weft 4A may be inserted between the upper fabric and the pile warp P2 by shedding the backing yarns in the manner indicated in the draft of the one-and-one backing. The weft 4B forms a ground weft in the lower fabric and secures therein the bottom pile loop warp P5 and the ground-interconnecting pile warp P3 which are looped under the weft 4B.

- During the laying of the weft 5A and 5B by the respective shuttles X and X', the loom harnesses so position the heddles as to hold in the upper pile position the pile warps P2 and P4, hold in the intermediate pile position the pile warps P1, P3, and P5, hold in the upper position of the top shed the ground warp B1,hold in the lower position of the top shed the ground Warp B2, hold in the upper position of the bottom shed the ground warp B4, and hold in the lower position of the bottom shed the ground warp B3. Consequently the weft 5A forms a ground weft in the upper fabric and secures therein the loop pile warp P2 and the ground-interconnecting pile warp P4, which are looped' over'the weft 5A. The weft 5B forms merely a ground weft in the lower fabric.

During the laying of the weft 6A and 6B by the respective shuttles X and X', the loom harnesses so position the heddles as to hold in the upper pile position the pile warps P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5, hold in the upper position of the top shed the groundA warps B1 and B2, hold in the upper .position of the bottom shed the ground warp B4, and hold in the lower position of the bottom shed the ground warp B3. The weft 6A lof the wefts 3A and 3B. The weft IIA merely is laid between the tops of the gages A and the upper ground, and rests upon the gages A to provide a supportl for the bottom loop pile warp P5, the ground-interconnecting pile warps P1 and P3. The weft 6B is laid in the ground of the lower fabric when a two-and-one backing is being woven or is laid between the bottom backing and the loop pile warp P5 as indicated at 6B' when a one-and-one backing is being woven in accordance with the shedding indicated by the oneand-one backingl diagram.

During theh laying of the wefts 1a and 1B by the respective shuttles X and X', the loom harnesses so position the heddles as to hold in the lower pile position the pile warps P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5, hold in the upper position of the top shed the ground warp B3, hold in the lower posii loop warp P3 and the interconnecting pile loop warps P3, and P4.

During the laying of the wefts 8A and 8B by their respective shuttles X and X', the loom harnesses so position the heddles as to hold in the middle pile position the pile warps P2, P3, and P4 and hold in the lower pile position the pile warps P1 and P5, hold in the upper position of the top shed the ground warp B2, hold in the lower position of the top shed the ground warp B1, hold in the upper position of the bottom shed the ground warp B3, andv hold in the lower position of the bottom shed the ground warp B4. Consequently, the weft 8A formsmerely a ground weft in the ,upper fabric when this. fabric is woven with a two-and-one backing: If it is desired to weave the upper fabric with a one-and-one backing the weft4 8A may be inserted between the upper ground and the pile warp P3' by shedding ther backing yarns in the manner indicated in the graph ofthe one-and-one backing. The weft 8B forms a ground weft in the lower fabric and secures therein the lower loop pile warp P5 and the ground-interconnecting pile warp P1 which are looped under the weft 8B.

During the laying ofthe wefts 9A and 9B, the ground warps B1,A B3, B3, and B4 and the pile warps P1, P2; and P5 occupy the same positions as during the laying of the wefts 5A and 5B, but the warp P3 is in the upper pile position and the warp P4 is in the middle pile position, consequently the weft 9A forms a ground weft in the upper ground and secures therein the upper pile loop vwarp P3 andthe ground-interconnecting pile warp P3. The weft 9B forms merely a ground weft in the lower ground.

DuringA the laying of the wefts IBA and IIlB, the pile warps and the ground warps all occupy the same positions as during the laying of wefts 2A and 2B,-and the rweft IDA forms a face weft between the top groundand pile gages A and support the lower pile loop warps P5 and the ground-interconnected warps P1 and P4.- The weft IIlB forms a ground weft in the lower fabric when weaving the latter as a two-and-one backing, ormay be caused to lie between the bottom fabric and the pile loop P5 as indicated at IUB' by shedding the ground warps as indicated in the one-and-one backing graph.

relative positions as they do during the laying forms a ground weft in the upper fabricwhile the weft IIB lies between the lower ground and the gages A and bears against the latter to support the upper loop pile warp P2 and the groundinterconnecting pile warps P1 and P3.

During the laying of the wefts I2A and IZB, the ground warps B1, B3, B3, and B4 and the pile warps P1, P2, andP5 occupy the same positions as during the laying of the wefts 4A and 4B, but the pile warp P3 is in the intermediate pile position and the pile warp P4 is inthe lower pile position. The weft I2Aconsequently forms merely a ground weft in the upper fabric, when the latter is woven as a two-and-one backing, or lies as an idle pick between the upper ground and the loop pile warp P3 when the upper fabric is woven as a one-and-one-backing by shedding the ground warps as indicated in the one-and-one backing graph. The weft IZB forms a ground weft for the bottom fabric and secures therein the lower pile loop warp P5 and the ground-interconnecting pile warp P4.

It will thus be seen that my improvements permit the manufacture of two fabrics face to face at the same time with the ground of the 'upper fabric on one side of the warp-wise extending members or pile gages A and the ground of the lower fabric on the opposite side of the warp-wise extending members or pile gages A and the securing of a ground-interconnecting pile warp in one ground, the looping of such warp on a weft between the gages and the opposite ground, the further looping of such warp on a weft between the pile gages and the fground in which it originated, and the securing of such ground-interconnecting warp in the opposite ground.

'I'he .withdrawal of the fabrics from the endsof the gages A permits the separation of the grounds a. distance equal to the distance diagonally across a gage A from a weft on one side thereof to a weft on the other side thereof on both of which the ground-interconnecting warp is looped. d

Any desired number and sequence of different ground-interconnecting pile warps may be utilized by starting each of them at an appropriate weft in an appropriate ground.v

. The same wefts which support and iioat the ground-interconnecting pile warp lengths between the grounds may serve as face wefts for supporting pile loops of the respective grounds, whose lengths may be regulated by the loom takeoffl mechanism but is always less than half the length of the ground-interconnecting warp sections.

Any of the warps may be iioated, by means of a dobby or Jacquard', to secure desired ornamental effects. Other types of backing weaves or of pile interlacings with the vgrounds may also be used. The arrangement illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, however, give a very desirable effect since, as shown in Fig. 2, it provides', in each fabric, rows of cut pile tufts, which may be of three diierent colors, and uncut loops between each two rows of pile tufts and shorter than the pile tufts.

These cut pile tufts of greater height than the pile loops result from the cutting of the ground-interconnecting pile warps P1', P3, and P4 by the usual cutting motion of a double shuttle loorn after the fabric has woven down off the ends of the gages A so as to permit the separation of the grounds a` distance equal to the .distance diagonally between the two wefts on` I opposite sides of the gages A overv which an interconnecting pile warp is looped. In other words, the upper and lower grounds may be separated, prior to cutting, a distance equal to the distance between the wefts 3B and 6A. This separation of the grounds results in the movement of the apexes of the upper and lower loops from the overlapping, but self-separating, relation in which they are woven to a spaced relation permitting cutting of the interconnecting warps P1, P3, and P4 without danger of cutting the loops on the top fabric or on the bottom fabric, as illustrated at the left of Fig. l.

The projection of the cut pile tufts above the uncut loops may be regulated by varying the width of the gauges A, suchv width of the gauges determining the relative heights of the uncut loops and the cut pile tufts. But the absolute height of the pile loops and the cut tufts are independent of the width of the gauges A and may be varied by regulating the pile warp letoif mechanisms.

Instead of using different warps to form the uncut loops and the interconnecting warps which form the cut pile tufts, the same warp may be used for forming uncut loops on one fabric, then forming floating interconnecting warp lengths between the fabrics, and then forming uncut loops on the first fabric and vice Versa.

If desired, the warp yarns in one group of dents may be so arranged relative to the Warp yarns in an adjacent group of dents that a gaugesupported weft may support an uncut pile loop warp of one fabric along a portion of the length of the weft and a ground-interconnecting warp along another portion of the length of the weft. When such ground-interconnecting warp lengths are cut, areas of cut tufts are left in transverse alignment with rows of uncut loops.

An illustrative layout for weaving fabric utilizing the same warps for both uncut loops and the pile tufts is shown in Figs. 4, 4A, 5, and 5A, wherein in Figs. 4 and 4A illustrate the interlacing, draw and shedding of yarns in dents of one group, and Figs. and 5A illustrate the interlacing, draw and shedding of yarns in dents of an adjacent group where a fabric is to'be patterned byv alternating groups of uncut loops and areas of cut tufts weftwise of the fabric.

It will, however, be understood that the draw,V

shedding and interlacing of either Figs. 4 and 4A or of Figs. 5 and 5A may be used alone in making cut and uncut fabric double.

In weaving a fabric having groups of uncut pile loops and groups of pile tufts in weftwise alignment, the same double shuttle loom may be used having the shuttles X, X and the fixed warpwise extending members or gauges A. 'I'he warpends for a dent of one group may be drawn through heddles mounted in heddle frames arranged as shown in the lower diagram of Fig. 4A, the wires A being mounted in a stationary heddle frame or fixed to a cross-rod I. the pile warp p1 being mounted in a heddle of the heddle frame 2, the pile warp p2 being mounted in a heddle of the heddle frame 4, the top backing warps bl and b2 being mounted respectively in heddles in the heddle frames 'I and 9, and the back warps b3 and b4 for the bottom ground being mounted respectively in heddles of the heddle frames 6 and 8.

The warp ends for a dent of an adjacent group may be drawn through heddles mounted in heddle frames arranged as shown in the lower diagram of Fig. 5A, the Wires and backing yarns b1, b2., b3, and b4 in this dent being mounted and drawn in the same manner as shown in the lower diagram of Fig. 4A but the pile warps p3 and p4 being drawn through heddles in the heddle frames 3 and 5 respectively.

The shedding of the warps in a dent of the first group throughout a complete repeat are shown by the upper diagram of Fig. 4A wherein there is shown for each pair of picks the warps that are in an upper position, indicated by a dot, the warps that are in a lower position, indicated by a blank square, and the warps that are in a middle pile position, indicated 'by a cross. v l

The shedding of the warps in a dent of the second group throughout a complete repeat are shown in the upper diagram of Fig. 5A wherein there is shown for each pair of picks the warps that are in an upper position, indicated by a dot, the warps that are in a lower position, indicated by a blank square, and the warps that are in a middle pile position, indicated by a cross.

By reference to Figs. 4 and` 5 the interlacings of the warps with respect to each pair of picks may be traced.

As will be seen by reference to these diagrams, the pick la of the rst pair is laid in the upper ground and binds therein the pile warp p2 in the dent of one group and binds therein the pile warp p4 in the dents of the other group. The weft Ib of the first pair is laid in the ground of the bottom fabric and secures therein the pile warp p1 in dents of the first group and binds therein the pile warp p3 in dents of the second group.

The weft 2a of the vsecond pair of wefts is l laid between the top ground and the gauges A and rests on the latter to support the pile warp p1 in dents of the first group and to support pile warp p3 in dents of the second group. The weft 2b of the second pair forms a ground weft in the bottom fabric.

The weft 3a of the third pair forms a ground weft in the top fabric, and the complementary weft 3b is laid between the ground of the lower fabric and the gauges A and rests on the latter and has looped thereon the pile warps p1 and p2 in dents of the first group and has looped there on pile warp p4 in dents of the second group.

The weft 4a. of the fourth pair is laid in the ground of the top fabric and secures therein the pile warp p1 in dents of the first group and secures therein pile warp p4 in dents of the second group. The weft 4b is laid in the ground of the bottom fabric and secures therein the pile warp p3 in dents of the second group.

The weft 5a of the fifth pair is laid between the ground of the upper fabric and the gauges and rests on the latter and has looped thereon the pile warps p2 in dents of the first group and has looped thereon the pile warps p3 in dents of the second group. The complementary weft 5b forms merely a ground weft in the bottom fabric.

The weft 6a of the sixth pair forms merely ground weft in the top fabric. The complementary weft 6b is laid between the ground of the bottom fabric and the gages A, rests on the latter, and has looped thereon the pile warp p1 in dents of the first group and has looped thereon the pile -warp p4 in dents of the second group.

The weft la of the seventh pair is laid in the ground of the top fabric and secures therein the pile warp p4 in dents of the second group. The

complementary weft 1b is laid in the ground of the bottom fabric and secures therein the pile warp p2 in dents of the first group' and secures therein the pile warp p3 in dents of the second group. c

The weft 8a of the eighth pair is laid between the ground of the top fabric and the gauges A, rests on the latter and has looped thereon pile warps p1 and p2 in dents of the first group and has looped thereon the pile warp p3 in dents of the second group. The complementary weft 8b merely forms a ground weft in the lower fabric.

The weft 9ar of the ninth pair forms merely a ground weft in the top fabric. The complementary weft 9b is laid between the ground of the bottom fabric and the gaugesA, rests on the latter, and has looped thereon the pile vwarp p2 in dents of the first group and has looped thereon pile warp p4 in dents of the second group.

'Ihe weft Illa' of the tenth pair is laid in the ground of the top fabric and secures therein the pile warp p2 in dents of the first group and secures therein the pile warp p4 in dents of the second group. The 'complementary weft Ib is laid in the ground of the bottom fabric and secures therein the pile warp 'p1 in dents of thefirst group and secures therein the pile warp p3 in dents of the second group.

'Ihe weft Ha. of the eleventh pair is laid between the ground of the top fabric and the gauges A, rests on such gauges, and has looped thereon the pile warp p1 in dents of the first group and has looped thereon the pile warp p3 in dents of the second group. The complementary weft IIb forms merely a ground weft in' the bottom fabric.

The weft I2a of the twelfth pair forms merely a ground weft on the top fabric and the complementary weft I2b is laid between the ground of the bottom fabric and the gauges A, rests on such gauges and has looped thereon the pile warp p2 in dents of the rst group and has looped thereon pile warps p3 and p* in dents of the second group.

l The weft I3a of the thirteenth pair is laid in the ground of the top fabric and secures therein the pile warp p2` in dents of the first group and secures therein the pile warp y in dents of the second group. 'I'he complementary weft I3b is laid in the ground of the bottom fabric and secures therein pile warp p1 in dents of the first group.l

The weft Ma of the fourteenth pair is laid between the ground of the top fabricand the gauges A, rests on the latter and has looped thereon the pile warp p1 in dents of the first in dents of the second group. 'Ihe complementary weft Mb forms merely a ground weft in the bottom fabric.

The weft l5a of the fifteenth pair forms merely a. ground weft in the top fabric. -The complementary weft I5b is laid between the ground of the bottom fabric and the gauges A, rests on such gauges, and has looped thereon the pile warp p2 in dents of the first group and has looped thereon pile warp p3 in dents of the second group.

The weft |6a of the sixteenth pair is laid in the ground of the top fabric and secures therein the pile warp p2 in dents of the first group. The complementary weft I8b is laid in the ground of the bottom fabric, and secures therein the pile warp p1 in dents of the first group and secures therein the pile warp p4 in dents of the second group. y

The weft lla. of the seventeenth pair is laid between the ground of the top fabric 'and the gauges A, rests on such gauges and has looped thereon pile warp p1 in dents of the first group and has looped thereon pile warps 'p3 and p4 in dents of the second group. The complementary weft llb merely forms a ground weft in the bottom fabric.

The weft `lila of the 'eighteenth pair lies in the ground of the top fabric. The complementary weft lab is laid between the ground of the bottom fabric and the gauges A, rests on such gauges and has looped thereon the pile warp p2 in dents of the first group and has looped thereon pile -warp p4 in dents of the second group. This completes a repeat where all'the uncut loops on one fabric are made from ends of the same warp,

'but it will be -understood that,` if desired, the

same warp ends may first form loops on one fabric, then be looped on a pair of picks on opposite sides of the gauges A, then be secured in the second fabric, and then form loops on the secondy A fabric before being returned to the first fabric.v

' loops which are woven in overlapping, but self'- separating, 4relation are spaced suiciently from one another to permit the cutting of the pile warp lengths interconnecting the ground of one fabric with the ground of the other fabric. Such cutting may be done by the usual reciprocating cutter of a double shuttle loom.

Each of the resulting fabrics has uncut pile loops and cut pile tufts greater in height than the uncut loops.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. In the manufacture of pile fabric face to face withthe ground of one fabricon one side of warpwise extending members having fre'e ends and the ground of the other farbric on the other side of the warpwise extending members, the steps which include-interconnecting said two grounds by temporarily looping cut tuft pileforming yarn for interconnecting the grounds on wefts of sets of wefts supported freeA from interlacing with the grounds between the selvages on opposite sides of said members and thereby forming bights of such yarn on opposite sides of saidmembers, weaving off the interconnected portions of said grounds from the ends of said members, spreading the grounds apart so that the yarn sections forming bights on one side of said members are shifted from such positions and the yarn sections which previously lay between the sets of bights provide a zone for cutting said interconnecting yarns, andcutting such yarn sections.

2. In the manufacture of pile fabric face to face with the ground of one fabric on ,one side of warpwise extending gauge members iiaving free ends and the ground of the other fabric on the other side of said members of a loom having means for cutting pile yarns interconnecting the grounds, the lsteps which include-interconnecting said two grounds by temporarily looping pileforming yarn for interconnecting the grounds on wefts of sets of wefts supported free o f interlacpast one another and to substantially straighten ing with the grounds between the selvages on opposite sides of said members, weaving off the interconnected portions of said grounds from the ends of said members, spreading the grounds to move the wefts of one set from a plane on one side to a plane on the other side of the second set of wefts, advancing the grounds toward said cutting means, and cutting the pile-forming yarns extending between said grounds in a plane between the final planes of said sets of wefts.

3. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face with the ground of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending members having free ends and the ground of the other fabric on the other side of the warpwise extending members, the steps which includesecuring a pile warp in one of said grounds, looping said pile warp on a weft between said members and the other of said grounds, then on a weft between said members and said first ground, securing said pile warp in said other ground, each of said pile-forming wefts being free from interlacing with the ground adjacent thereto between selvages thereof, moving said weft off said members, spreading said grounds and moving the last specified weft to a plane between the first specified weft and the second named ground, and cutting said warp between the final planes of said wefts.

4. In the manufacture of pile fabric face to face with the ground of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending members having free ends and the ground of the other fabric on the other side of the warpwise extending members, the steps which include-weaving interconnecting pile forming threads over and under wefts supported on opposite sides of said members, weaving ol such interlaced portions of said interconnecting pile-forming threads from the free ends of said members, shifting the weft on one side of the center line of said members to a plane on the other side of the center line of said members by spacing the grounds to expand and extend said interconnecting pile to a' greater height than the space separating said grounds at the weaving point, and serving an interconnecting pile-forming thread to form cut pile tufts each having a height in excess of one-half the distance separating the grounds at the weaving point while the aforesaid wefts remain between the grounds.

5. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face with the ground of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending members and the ground of theother fabric on the other side of the warpwise extending members having free ends, the steps which includeweaving interconnecting pile-forming threads over and under`sets of wefts supported on opposite sides of said members, weaving off such interlaced portions of said interconnecting pile threads from said members, spacing the grounds to move the sets of wefts and extend said interconnecting pile-forming threads, and severing said interconnecting pileforming threads between the nal planes of the sets of wefts to form cut pile tufts each having a height in excess of one-half the distance separating the grounds at the weaving point and while the aforesaid wefts remain between the grounds.

6. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face with the ground of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending members and the ground of the other fabric on the other side of the warpwise extending members, the steps which include-forming pile loops on each ground and over individual-sets of wefts supported by said warpwise extending' members, the apexes of loops formed on one ground projecting between the apexes of loops spaced warpwise of the other ground, interconnecting said grounds by pileforming warp sections having greater length between said ground than the distance between said ground when said apexes are interposed,

spacing the grounds from one another by weaving the fabric off of said members while maintaining substantially constant the warpwise spacing of the loop-forming weft of the respective grounds, and cutting said interconnecting warp sections between the final planes of such sets of wefts.

'7. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face with the ground of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending members and the ground of the other fabric on the other side of the warpwise extending members, the steps which includeforming pile loops on each ground and over sets of individual wefts supported by said warpwise extending members, the apexes of loops on one ground projecting between the apexes of warpwise spaced loops on the other ground, interconnecting said ground by pile warp Isections each looped about wefts of both sets and having greater length between said grounds than the distance between said grounds when said apexes are interposed, spacing the grounds from one another by weaving the fabric off said members, moving the wefts of one set past the wefts of the other set to substantially straighten the interconnecting warp section looped about such weft, and cutting said interconnecting warp sections between the final planes of the sets of wefts.

8. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face with the ground of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending membersv and the ground of the other fabric on the other side of the warpwise extending members, the steps which includesecuring a pile warp in one of said grounds, looping such pile warp over a weft between said members and the opposite ground, securing said pile warp again to the ground to which it was first secured, looping said pile warp on a weft between said members and the opposite ground, looping said warp on a weft between said members and the ground to which it was rst secured, securing said warp to the ground opposite that to which it was first secured, each of said pile-supporting wefts being free from interlacing with the ground adjacent thereto between the selvages thereof, weaving said wefts down off said members, spreading said grounds apart and moving the wefts past one another a distance substantially equal to the length of the interconnected warp section between them; and cutting such interconnecting warp section between said wefts.

9. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face with the ground of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending members and the ground of the other fabric on the other side of the warpwise extending members, the steps which inaioaass f a plane on the opposite side of the warpwise members, 'and cutting the interconnecting warps between such planes.

-10. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face with the ground of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending members and the ground of the other fabric on the other side of the warpwise l extending members, the steps which includeforming warp pile loops on each of said grounds, the apexes of the loops on one ground projecting between but being self-separating from the apexes of the loops on the other ground, simultaneously with the formation of such loops laying other pile Warp interconnecting the ground of one fabric with the ground of the other fabric after looping said other pile warp around wefts positioned on;v

opposite sides of the warpwise members, each of said pile supporting wefts being free from interlacing with the ground adjacent thereto between the selvages thereof, spacing the ground so that the wefts laid closest to the ground are moved to a position further removed from such ground than from the other ground, and cutting the pile warps interconnecting said ground while the upper and lower wefts on which said warps have been supported on the warpwise extending members remain in the fabric but in planessubstantially transposed from the positions in which they were originally laid. l

11. In the manufacture-of pile fabrics face to face with the ground of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending members and the ground of the other fabric on the other side of the warpwise extending members, the steps which includeforming Warp pile loops on each of said grounds, the apexes of the loops on one ground proiecting between but being self-separating from the apexes of the loops on the other ground, simultaneously with the formation of such loops, laying other pile warps interconnecting the ground of one fabric with the groundof theother fabric after looping said other pile warps around'sets of wefts positioned on opposite sides of the warpwise members, each of said pile-supporting wefts being free from interlacing with the ground adjacent thereto between the se1vages,spacing the grounds and tran-sposing the upper and lower loop-forming wefts, and cutting the saidinterconne'cting pile warps between such wefts and before the removal `of `such wefts from the fabric.

12. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face with the ground-of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending members and the ground of the other fabric on the other side of the warpwise ,extending members, the`steps which includeforming uninterlocking and self-separating warp pile uncut loops over wefts supported `on opposite sides of said members, each loop bue,- ing secured to a single ground interconnecting 'saidv grounds with pile warp threads interlaced with sets of wefts which are free from'interlacing with the grounds between the selvages and are supported on opposite sides of said members.)

face with the ground of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending members and the ground of the otherfabric on the other side of the warpwise extending members, the steps which includeforming uninterlocking self-separating uncut pile weft loops over wefts supported on opposite sides of said members, each loop being secured to a single ground, interconnecting said ygrounds with pile warp threads'interlaced with sets of wefts which are free from interlacing with the grounds between the selvages and are supported on opposite sides of said members to provide yarn for cut pile having greater height than said loops, weaving off the weft-supported loops and the interconnecting interlaced pile threads from said members, separating the grounds and ,moving the loop supporting weft laid in a plane on one side of the center line of the warpwise membersginto a, plane on Athe other side of the center line of the warpwise members and thereby .increasing the spacing between said ground to a distance greater thanthe combined length of a loop on each of said grounds, and severing the interconnecting threads kto form cut pile on the pile warp in the ground to whichl it 4was first seseparated grounds.

14. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face with the ground of one fabric on one side of warpwise extending members and the ground of the other fabric on the other side of the warpwise extending members, the steps whichincludesecuring the pile warp in a ground, loop# ing such pile warp about a weft between said members and the opposite ground, securing said cured, looping said pile warp around a weft between said members and the opposite4 ground, looping said warp aroundl a weft between said members and the ground to -which it was iirst secured, and securing said warp to the opposite ground, said loop-supporting wefts being free from interlacing with said ground between the selvages thereof.

15. In the manufacture of pile fabrics, the steps which include-weaving a pair of grounds spa/ced apart, concurrently therewith laying a pair of sets of temporary loop-supporting wefts between said 'grounds and free from interlacing with ground warps and in planes spaced from one another in a direction lnormal to said grounds, the temporary loop supporting wefts in one plane being staggered warpwise of the fabricA relatively to the temporary loop support-- ing wefts in the other plane, and looping pile warp yarns, some of which are secured in each of said grounds, about the temporary loop supporting wefts lying between the grounds, pile warp yarns secured to both grounds being looped about certain same wefts in each of said planes, such pile warp yarns looped on the same weft being on the same side thereof so that 'the pile WWP Yarns llooped on each of such temporary loop supporting wefts are self-separating,

16. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to l face,' the steps which includeweaving a plurality of grounds spaced from one another, concurrently therewith laying two sets of wefts free from interlacings with ground warps, said sets of wefts lying between said grounds and in planes parallel with said grounds and spaced from one another in a direction normal to the grounds, the wefts in one plane being staggered relative to the wefts in the other plane warpwise of the fabric, looping a pile-forming warp secured to one of the grounds about a weft in the plane more remote from such ground, then looping such pileforming warp and a pile-forming warp secured to the second ground about a weft lying in the plane nearer to the rst named ground, both of said warps being looped in the same direction about the same side of said weft, then looping said second named warp about a weft lying in the plane more remote from the first ground, thereafter securing said warp in said grounds, each of said warps crossing the distance between the planes of said sets of wefts at least three times between the points Where the warps are secured in the grounds and said warps being selfseparating.

17. In the manufacture of pile fabrics, the method of forming elongated pile which includes, temporarily forming a plurality of sequential loops, free of interlacing with the ground, in a pile warp, yarn and supporting said loops at their bights by supported elements lying in differentv planes which are spaced from one another in a direction normal to the ground and releasing said elements supporting said bights.

18. In the face to face manufacture of pile fabrics having grounds, the steps which include interconnecting the grounds with pile-forming yarn, temporarily forming a plurality of sequential loops, free of interlacing with the grounds, in the pile warp yarn and supporting such loops at their bights by supported elements lying in different planes which are spaced from one another in a direction normal to the grounds, releasing the support of the bights, spreading the grounds, and cutting the interconnecting pileforming yarn to' separate the fabrics.

19. In the face to face manufacture of pile fabrics having grounds, the steps which include forming a pile loop secured at both ends in a single ground, interconnecting the grounds with pile-forming yarn, temporarily forming a plurality of sequential loops, free of interlacing with the grounds, in the pile warp yarn and supporting said loops at their bights -by supported elements lying in different planes which are spaced from one another in a direction normal to the grounds, releasing the support of the bights, spreading the grounds, and cutting the interconnecting pile-forming yarn to separate the fabrics.

20. In the face to face manufacture of pile fabrics having grounds, the steps which comprise interconnecting the ground with pile-forming yarn by securing some of the pile-forming yarn in the ground of each fabric, temporarily forming a plurality of sequential loops, free 'of interlacing with the grounds, in the pile warp yarns and supporting said loops at their bights by supported elements lying in different planes spaced in a direction normal to the grounds,

securing said pile yarn in the -ground of the fabric opposite to its origin, releasing the support of the bights, and cutting the interconnecting pile-forming yarn to separate the fabrics.

21. In the face to face manufacture of pile fabrics having grounds, the steps which comprise interconnecting the grounds with pileforming yarn by securing some of the pile-forming yarn in the ground of each fabric, temporarily forming a plurality of sequential` loops, free of interlacing with the grounds, in the pile warp yarns and supporting said loops at their bights by supported elements lying in different planes spaced in a direction normal to the grounds, the pile yarn from each ground being supported independent of the tension of the pile yarn from the other ground, securing said pile yarn in the ground of .the fabric opposite to its origin, releasing the support of lthe bights, and cutting the interconnecting pileforming yarn to separate the fabrics.

22. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face, with the ground of one fabric woven substantially parallel to the ground of the other fabric, the steps which include forming pile loops on each ground, the apexes of the loops formed on one ground being positioned between the apexes of the loops of the other ground and spaced in one direction of the fabric to the apexes of the loops of the other ground, interconnecting the grounds with cut-pile-forming yarn, temporarily forminga plurality of sequential loops, free of interlacing with the grounds, in such yarn and supporting said loops at their bights in different planes which are spaced from one another in a direction normal to the grounds, releasing the support of the bights, spreading the ground, and cutting the interconnecting pileforming yarn to separate the fabric.

23. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face, with the ground of one fabric woven substantially parallel to the ground of the other, the steps which include forming pile loops on one ground, the apexes of the loops form-ed on one ground being positioned between the apexes of the loops of the other ground and spaced in one direction of the fabric to the apexes of the loops of the other ground, interconnecting the grounds with cut-pile-forming yarn by securing some of said pile-forming yarn in the ground of each fabric, temporarily forming a plurality of sequential loops, free of interlacing with the grounds, in such yarns and supporting said loops at their bights in different planes spaced in a direction normal to the grounds, securing said pile yarn in the ground of the fabric opposite to its origin, releasing the support of the bights, and cutting the interconnecting pileforming yarn to separate the fabrics.

24. In the manufacture of pile fabrics face to face, with the ground of one fabric woven substantially parallelto the ground of the other, the steps which include forming pile loops on each ground, the apexes of the loops formed on one ground being positioned between the apexes of the loops and spaced in one direction of the fabric to the apexes of the loops of the other ground, interconnecting the grounds with cutpile-forming yarn by securing some of the said cut-pile-forming yarn in the ground of each fabric, temporarily forming a plurality of sequential loops, free of interlacing with the grounds, in such yarns and supporting said loops at their bights in different planes, spaced in a direction normal to the grounds, securing said pile yarn in the ground ofthe fabric opposite to its origin, releasing the support of the bights, spacing the ground from one another to substantially straighten the interconnecting pile-forming threads, and cutting the interconnecting pileforming yarn to separate the fabrics.

25. In the manufacture of pile fabrics, the method of forming elongated pile which includes securing a pile-forming yarn to the ground of the fabric, temporarily forming a plurality of sequential loops,.free 'of interlacing with the ground, in the pile warp yarn and supporting said loops at their bights by supported elements lying inI diiferent planes which are spaced from one another in a direction normal to the ground, securing said pile-forming yarn to a fabric rics having grounds, the steps which comprise interconnecting the grounds with pile-forming yarn by securing some of the pile-forming yarn in the ground' of each fabric, temporarily forming a plurality of sequential loops in the pile yarn from both grounds, free of interlacing 10 with the grounds, and supporting said loops at their bights by supported elements lying in different planes spaced in a direction normal to the grounds, said bights of the pile yarn originatingfrom both grounds passing about the same side of the spaced supports, securing said pile yarn in the ground of the fabric opposite toits v origin, releasing the support of the bights and cutting the interconnecting pile-forming yarn to separate the fabrics.

JOSEPH KUBICKY.

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