US2025123A - Electroadhesion apparatus - Google Patents

Electroadhesion apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2025123A
US2025123A US641030A US64103032A US2025123A US 2025123 A US2025123 A US 2025123A US 641030 A US641030 A US 641030A US 64103032 A US64103032 A US 64103032A US 2025123 A US2025123 A US 2025123A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
current
electro
voltage
adhesion
alternating current
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US641030A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rahbek Knud
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Individual
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Publication of US2025123A publication Critical patent/US2025123A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H59/00—Electrostatic relays; Electro-adhesion relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
    • H02N11/006—Motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N13/00—Clutches or holding devices using electrostatic attraction, e.g. using Johnson-Rahbek effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R23/00—Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R9/00 - H04R21/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18—Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18056—Rotary to or from reciprocating or oscillating
    • Y10T74/18152—Belt or chain carried member

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and appara tus utilizing'the electrostatic attractionffor electro-adhesionpro'duced by the passage of electric current through contactingsurfaces of a semiconductor in contact with a semiconductor or a conductor.
  • Electroscopes, relaysor other devices may be constructed onthis principle. It has 'alsobeen attempted, by moving mechanically the parts of the device, relatively to one another, and in such a manner that they were constantly in contact along a portion of their surfaces, to utilize the varying friction developed therebetween Ior'the construction of electromechanical devices. In this way and by the use of a very small current (a fractional part of a milliampere) it is possible to release considerable mechanical tractive forces.
  • This effect is readily obtainable by constructing one of the contacting members in the form of a rotary cylinder or disk, the other contacting member having the shape of a band or disk maintained in contact with the rotary member by means of a resilient force or otherwise.
  • this object is at- 30 tained by passing only alternating current through the device, and in such a manner that any surplus of electrochemical action in one or the other direction will be avoided entirely.
  • Practical experiments have shown that for. attaining this 85 result it is not suflicient merely to use alternating current, but it will be necessary to secure such a wave shape'for the alternating current that the changing electrochemical effects originating from the positive and the negative impulses will coun- 40 terbalance one another entirely. This result can be attained in several manners.
  • Figs. 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8-10 show diagrammatically various arrangements and circuits for obtaining 45 the desired mode of operation in accordance with the present invention, while; 7
  • Figs. 3, 5 and 7 illustrate characteristics of current curves showing the wave shape resulting from operation with the arrangement of Figs. 2, 4 and 6.
  • Fig. 1 shows a circuit arrangement for preventing a device consisting of a semiconductor I and a metal ribbon 2 disposed thereon from being altered by electro-chcmical changes due to rotary commutator devi there is inserted in theconnecting wires between the electro-adhesion -device I, 2 and an alternating-current generator 3, a condenser 4 of sumciently high insulating resistance, for instance a mica condenser; The condenser 4 prevents the passageofdirect current, which might otherwise be produced as a result of the inherent rectifying tendency .of the device and the morepr iess'generaliy occurring asymmetrical shapeof thealternating current wave.
  • the electro-adhesion device I, 2 is connected-to a potentiometer I inserted in a circuit which contains a seriesreslstance 8.
  • a glow discharge valve 9 arranged in'parallel to the potentiometer 1, and the secondary of a transformer l0 supplied with current from an alternating current generator I i.
  • the discharge valve 9 when lightedwill produce a drop of voltage in the series resistance, and will itself remain at a voltage'situated in the vicinity of the lighting voltage, whereby'for the alternating voltage V impressed upon'the device I, 2 will have the angular wave shape shown by full lines in Fig. 7.
  • the dotted wavetops V indicating the alternating voltage of the generator, and the voltage V" indicating the glow discharge voltage of the valve. or a fractional part thereof determined by the adjustment of the potentiometer.
  • FIG. 8 shows by way of example a device in which a two-phase alternating current is used, 5 the phases of which are mutually displaced by 90. From a transformer (2 the current is directed to suitably proportioned serially connected condenser i3 and resistapce,ldz wnereby in the mannerknownflper s e two voltages' df equal mag- 10 nitude b'utlphase-displaced by 90 relatively to one another'are obtained.
  • an electro-adhesion device utilizing electroadhesion between contacting surfaces of substances traversable by electric current, the method of operation which comprises, passing through said surfaces an alternating current of substantially rectangular wave shape thereby to minimize fluctuations in the resulting tractive forces between said surfaces while preventing the occurrence of permanent electrochemical alterations in said device- 7 3.
  • an electro-adhesion device including conductive bodies having surface in contact, a source of alternating voltage connected to said bodies and means adapted to prevent the flow oi detrimental direct current through said bodies.
  • an electro-adhesion system including conductive substances having surfaces in contact, a source of alternating voltage, a connection for applying said voltage to said device, and a condenser serially interposed in said connection.
  • the alternating voltage applied being of angular wave shape.
  • An electro-adhesion system comprising a first conductive element having a surface arranged to contact simultaneously with surfaces of a plurality of conductive elements mounted in insulated relation, a poly-phase voltage source having a common return, and connections extending respectively from said common return to said first conductive element and from individual phases of said source to said elements insuiatedly mounted.
  • an electro-adhesion device adapted to be controlled by varying electric currents and comprising at least two bodies of substances traversable by said currents and contacting each other, means for applying an alternating current besides the controlling current to said bodies, said alternating current being of other than ordinary sinusoidal shape and its positive half-waves being adapted to extinguish any electrochemical effect of its negative half-waves, and vice versa.
  • an electro-adhesion device adapted to be controlled by varying electric currents and comprising at least two bodies of substances traversable by said currents and contacting each other, means for applying an alternating current besides the controlling current to said bodies, said altematlng current being of other than ordinary sinusoidal shape and its positive and negative half-waves being essentially symmetrical.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
US641030A 1931-11-10 1932-11-03 Electroadhesion apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2025123A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK402589X 1931-11-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2025123A true US2025123A (en) 1935-12-24

Family

ID=8150842

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US641030A Expired - Lifetime US2025123A (en) 1931-11-10 1932-11-03 Electroadhesion apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2025123A (de)
DE (1) DE587309C (de)
FR (1) FR745270A (de)
GB (1) GB402589A (de)
NL (1) NL34891C (de)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2417850A (en) * 1942-04-14 1947-03-25 Willis M Winslow Method and means for translating electrical impulses into mechanical force
US2568824A (en) * 1946-02-27 1951-09-25 Rahbek Knud Semiconductor unit for the utilization of electroadhesion
US2659820A (en) * 1951-07-25 1953-11-17 Sprague Electric Co Tuning assembly
US2661825A (en) * 1949-01-07 1953-12-08 Wefco Inc High fidelity slip control
US2805380A (en) * 1956-09-28 1957-09-03 Sylvania Electric Prod Electrical converter
US2806533A (en) * 1949-11-10 1957-09-17 Union Oil Co Vibrational wave generator
US2897425A (en) * 1958-10-21 1959-07-28 Robert W Waring Method of and apparatus for producing electrostatic force
US2897424A (en) * 1953-11-10 1959-07-28 Robert W Waring Electrostatic apparatus
US2897934A (en) * 1956-08-15 1959-08-04 Ibm Electroadhesive clutch
US2946381A (en) * 1957-10-02 1960-07-26 Ibm High speed tape punch
US3195363A (en) * 1962-02-09 1965-07-20 Litton Systems Inc Selective driving means
US3197682A (en) * 1961-04-13 1965-07-27 Pure Oil Co Safet electro-responsive-fluid chuck
US3233540A (en) * 1961-11-17 1966-02-08 Int Standard Electric Corp Line-at-a-time printer
US3737569A (en) * 1969-02-26 1973-06-05 Xerox Corp Transmission device
US3925712A (en) * 1974-11-11 1975-12-09 Simco Co Inc Multiple copy electrostatic hold-down apparatus
DE2521663A1 (de) * 1975-02-07 1976-08-26 Pagnoni Flli Verfahren und vorrichtung zum heisspressen von holzspan- oder faserplatten zum ueberziehen mit papier oder folien
AT384780B (de) * 1985-08-09 1988-01-11 Goerz Electro Gmbh Elektrostatische papierhalterung
US20100249553A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Electroadhesive Medical Devices
US8633269B2 (en) 2010-12-01 2014-01-21 Mattel, Inc. Play modeling dough
USD803326S1 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-11-21 Mattel, Inc. Toy projectile
US20240195330A1 (en) * 2022-01-06 2024-06-13 Yi Huang A cycle power generation device

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1038205B (de) * 1953-08-20 1958-09-04 Robert Wallingford Waring Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen elektrostatischer Kraefte
DE957468C (de) * 1953-12-03 1957-01-31 Gottfried Cremer Dr Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Transport von Gegenstaenden aus wasserhaltigen, mehr oder weniger plastischen Massen
DE1094470B (de) * 1954-11-06 1960-12-08 Continental Elektro Ind Ag Nachlaufschreiber
DE1053639B (de) * 1956-08-13 1959-03-26 August Stuke Schaltungsanordnung zum Schutz elektrischer Anlagen
US2968952A (en) * 1959-09-21 1961-01-24 John J Stalder Force measurement system
US3132267A (en) * 1961-12-20 1964-05-05 Ibm Photoelectrostatic apparatus
DE1203969B (de) * 1963-08-16 1965-10-28 F L Moseley Company Einrichtung zur Halterung eines blattfoermigen Materials durch elektrostatische Anziehungskraefte
DE1276354B (de) * 1965-01-20 1968-08-29 Bosch Gmbh Robert Vorrichtung zum Fortbewegen eines metallisierten Isolierstoffbandes

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2417850A (en) * 1942-04-14 1947-03-25 Willis M Winslow Method and means for translating electrical impulses into mechanical force
US2568824A (en) * 1946-02-27 1951-09-25 Rahbek Knud Semiconductor unit for the utilization of electroadhesion
US2661825A (en) * 1949-01-07 1953-12-08 Wefco Inc High fidelity slip control
US2806533A (en) * 1949-11-10 1957-09-17 Union Oil Co Vibrational wave generator
US2659820A (en) * 1951-07-25 1953-11-17 Sprague Electric Co Tuning assembly
US2897424A (en) * 1953-11-10 1959-07-28 Robert W Waring Electrostatic apparatus
US2897934A (en) * 1956-08-15 1959-08-04 Ibm Electroadhesive clutch
US2805380A (en) * 1956-09-28 1957-09-03 Sylvania Electric Prod Electrical converter
US2946381A (en) * 1957-10-02 1960-07-26 Ibm High speed tape punch
US2897425A (en) * 1958-10-21 1959-07-28 Robert W Waring Method of and apparatus for producing electrostatic force
US3197682A (en) * 1961-04-13 1965-07-27 Pure Oil Co Safet electro-responsive-fluid chuck
US3233540A (en) * 1961-11-17 1966-02-08 Int Standard Electric Corp Line-at-a-time printer
US3195363A (en) * 1962-02-09 1965-07-20 Litton Systems Inc Selective driving means
US3737569A (en) * 1969-02-26 1973-06-05 Xerox Corp Transmission device
US3925712A (en) * 1974-11-11 1975-12-09 Simco Co Inc Multiple copy electrostatic hold-down apparatus
DE2521663A1 (de) * 1975-02-07 1976-08-26 Pagnoni Flli Verfahren und vorrichtung zum heisspressen von holzspan- oder faserplatten zum ueberziehen mit papier oder folien
AT384780B (de) * 1985-08-09 1988-01-11 Goerz Electro Gmbh Elektrostatische papierhalterung
US20100249553A1 (en) * 2009-03-31 2010-09-30 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc Electroadhesive Medical Devices
US8515510B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2013-08-20 Covidien Lp Electroadhesive medical devices
US8633269B2 (en) 2010-12-01 2014-01-21 Mattel, Inc. Play modeling dough
US9193859B2 (en) 2010-12-01 2015-11-24 Mattel, Inc. Play modeling dough
USD803326S1 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-11-21 Mattel, Inc. Toy projectile
US9829290B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-11-28 Mattel, Inc. Toy projectile and method of making
US20240195330A1 (en) * 2022-01-06 2024-06-13 Yi Huang A cycle power generation device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR745270A (de) 1933-05-06
DE587309C (de) 1933-11-02
GB402589A (en) 1933-12-07
NL34891C (de)

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