US20240349782A1 - Filter material for smoking articles having improved expansion behaviour - Google Patents

Filter material for smoking articles having improved expansion behaviour Download PDF

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Publication number
US20240349782A1
US20240349782A1 US18/564,450 US202218564450A US2024349782A1 US 20240349782 A1 US20240349782 A1 US 20240349782A1 US 202218564450 A US202218564450 A US 202218564450A US 2024349782 A1 US2024349782 A1 US 2024349782A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
filter material
fiber web
elongation
cross direction
segment
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US18/564,450
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English (en)
Inventor
Dietmar Volgger
Stefan Bachmann
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Delfortgroup AG
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Delfortgroup AG
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Assigned to DELFORTGROUP AG reassignment DELFORTGROUP AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BACHMANN, STEFAN, VOLGGER, DIETMAR
Publication of US20240349782A1 publication Critical patent/US20240349782A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
    • A24D3/063—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/04—Cigars; Cigarettes with mouthpieces or filter-tips
    • A24D1/045—Cigars; Cigarettes with mouthpieces or filter-tips with smoke filter means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/20—Cigarettes specially adapted for simulated smoking devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
    • A24D3/0212—Applying additives to filter materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0229—Filter rod forming processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
    • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/14—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as additive
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES OF CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter tips or filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces of cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/17—Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/413—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties containing granules other than absorbent substances
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/04—Filters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filter material suitable for manufacturing a segment in a smoking article, which has an advantageous plastic deformability in the cross direction, so that segments for smoking articles can be manufactured therefrom in an efficient manner.
  • the invention also relates to a segment for a smoking article manufactured from this filter material.
  • Smoking articles are typically rod-shaped articles which consist of at least two rod-shaped segments disposed next to each other.
  • One segment contains a material which is capable of forming an aerosol upon heating and at least one further segment serves to influence the properties of the aerosol.
  • the smoking article can be a filter cigarette, in which a first segment contains the aerosol-forming material, in particular tobacco, and a further segment is designed as a filter and acts to filter the aerosol.
  • the aerosol is generated by combustion of the aerosol-forming material and the filter primarily serves to filter the aerosol and to provide the filter cigarette with a defined draw resistance.
  • the smoking article can also be what is known as a heated tobacco product, wherein the aerosol-forming material is only heated but not burned. This means that the number and amount of substances in the aerosol which are damaging to health are reduced.
  • a smoking article also consists of at least two, more often, however, of more, in particular of four segments.
  • One segment contains the aerosol-forming material, which typically comprises tobacco, reconstituted tobacco or tobacco prepared by other processes. Further, optional segments in the heated tobacco product serve to transfer the aerosol, to cool the aerosol or to filter the aerosol.
  • the segments are usually wrapped with a wrapper material. Very often, paper is used as wrapper material.
  • segment should be understood to refer to the segment of a smoking article that does not contain the aerosol-forming material, but rather serves, for example, to transfer, cool or filter the aerosol.
  • this pattern is a line pattern oriented in the machine direction of the web.
  • the embossed lines stretch and deform the web in the direction orthogonal to the machine direction, the cross direction, so that then, a continuous tow can be formed more easily by gathering the web in the cross direction.
  • An objective of the invention is to provide a web-shaped filter material for a smoking article that can be processed into a segment of a smoking article with high productivity and that with respect to its properties is otherwise as similar as possible to preferred filter materials.
  • the inventors have found that this objective can be achieved by means of a filter material for manufacturing a segment for a smoking article, wherein the filter material is web-shaped and contains at least 50% and at most 100% cellulose fibers, each with respect to the mass of the filter material, and wherein the filter material has a basis weight of at least 15 g/m 2 and at most 60 g/m 2 .
  • the thickness of one layer of the filter material is at least 25 ⁇ m and at most 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness influences the amount of filter material that can be packed into the segment of the smoking article and therefore the draw resistance and the filtration efficiency of the smoking article, but also the processability of the filter material, in particular if it is crimped or pleated for manufacturing a segment for a smoking article.
  • too great a thickness is disadvantageous and thicknesses in the said intervals allow a particularly good processability of the filter material according to the invention to form a segment of a smoking article.
  • the filter material has a machine direction and a cross direction orthogonal thereto, lying in the plane of web of the filter material. Furthermore, the filter material has a characteristic plastic deformability in the cross direction, which is characterized in that in a tensile test in the cross direction in accordance with ISO 1924-2:200,8 the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy absorbed by the filter material up to half the elongation at break is at least 10% and at most 50% of the total deformation energy absorbed by the filter material up to half the elongation at break. This characteristic plastic deformability is more strongly pronounced than is the case with common filter materials.
  • the filter material runs in a direction, the so-called machine direction, through the machine and the filter material has a direction orthogonal to the machine direction, lying the plane of the web of filter material, the cross direction.
  • the filter material is preferably crimped.
  • the filter material is, for example, passed through two rolls provided with a pattern, which emboss this pattern onto the web.
  • this pattern is a line pattern oriented in the machine direction of the web. The embossed lines stretch and deform the filter material in the direction orthogonal to the machine direction, the cross direction. A filter material deformed in this manner can be gathered more easily in the cross direction, and thus a continuous tow can be produced for manufacturing the segments.
  • a problem with this process is that the two rolls have to exert a high elongation in the cross direction on the web in order to cause the desired deformation of the filter material, and thus there is the danger that the filter material will tear in the cross direction.
  • the skilled person could now be tempted to increase the elongation at break of the filter material in the cross direction, so that the filter material tolerates larger deformations without tearing.
  • the inventors have found that this does not solve the problem because, in order to achieve a permanent deformation in the cross direction, the elongation has to be increased even further, so that the danger of exceeding the breaking strength in the cross direction increases further.
  • the filter material can be provided with a structure that allows a good plastic deformability in the cross direction and thus simplifies crimping. Processes suitable for this are explained further below.
  • This plastic deformability in the cross direction can be characterized in a tensile test in accordance with ISO 1924-2:2008.
  • a strip with a width of 15 mm is taken from the sample in the cross direction and is stretched at a speed of 20 mm/min until it breaks.
  • the elongation s and the applied force F are recorded, so that a force-elongation-curve F( ⁇ ) results. Also, the elongation at break ⁇ b and the tensile strength F( ⁇ b ) are recorded. The deformation energy absorbed by the filter material up to half the elongation at break ⁇ b /2 is then
  • This deformation energy consists of an elastic and a plastic portion.
  • the elastic deformation energy is released upon removal of the load, so that it does not contribute to the result of the crimping.
  • the plastic deformation is irreversible, so that even at a smaller elongation in the two rolls, a good result for crimping can be expected if the proportion of the plastic deformation energy with respect to the total deformation energy is higher than for comparable filter materials in the prior art.
  • the elastic deformation is generally associated with a proportionality between elongation and force. Under the fictitious assumption that the filter material behaves ideally linearly elastically up to half the elongation at break, the deformation energy E lin up to half the elongation at break is calculated by
  • FIG. 1 can result upon carrying out a tensile test in accordance with ISO 1924-2:2008.
  • the elongation s is shown, while on the y-axis 11 , the force F( ⁇ ) applied to cause this elongation is shown.
  • the elongation ⁇ is increased at a rate of 20 mm/min and at the same time the force F( ⁇ ) is measured, wherein the force-elongation-curve 13 is created.
  • the elongation is thereby increased until the sample tears in state 14 , and the elongation at break ⁇ b and the tensile strength F( ⁇ b ) are determined therefrom.
  • the filter material can in certain locations be loaded, for example, up to about half the elongation at break ⁇ b /2, point 15 , with the corresponding force F( ⁇ b /2), so that the state 16 is reached.
  • the line 17 which connects points 12 and 16 , would represent a fictitious linear elastic behavior and the linear deformation energy Ea, corresponds to the area of the triangle formed by the points 12 , 16 and 15 .
  • the total deformation energy corresponds to the area enclosed by the lines from point 12 to point 15 , from point 15 to point 16 and the line 13 from point 16 to point 12 .
  • the nonlinear portion E nl of the deformation energy which is used for characterizing the filter material according to the invention in the context of this invention, corresponds to that area which is delimited by the lines 17 and 13 , each between the points 12 and 16 .
  • the elongation in the cross direction can naturally deviate from half the elongation at break during crimping, the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy up to half the elongation at break was, however, independent of the actually applied elongation and the actual elastic-plastic behavior, found to be a suitable parameter to characterize the structure of the filter material according to the invention and to predict the behavior of the filter material during crimping.
  • FIG. 2 shows the behavior of a typical common filter material not according to the invention.
  • a tensile test in accordance with ISO 1924-2:2008 is carried out on a sample in the cross direction.
  • the elongation E is shown, while on the y-axis 21 , the force F( ⁇ ) applied to cause this elongation is shown.
  • the elongation ⁇ is increased at a rate of 20 mm/min and at the same time the force F( ⁇ ) is measured, whereupon the force-elongation-curve 23 is created.
  • the elongation is increased thereby until the sample tears in state 24 , and the elongation at break ⁇ b and the tensile strength F( ⁇ b ) are determined therefrom.
  • the filter material can, for example, be loaded up to about half the elongation at break ⁇ b /2, point 25 , with the corresponding force F( ⁇ b /2), so that the state 26 is reached.
  • the line 27 connecting points 22 and 26 , would represent a linear elastic behavior and the corresponding deformation energy E lin corresponds to the area of the triangle formed by the points 22 , 26 and 25 .
  • the total deformation energy E corresponds to the area enclosed by the lines from point 22 to point 25 , from point 25 to point 26 and by the line 23 from point 26 to point 22 .
  • the nonlinear portion E nl of the deformation energy corresponds to that area which is delimited by the lines 27 and 23 , each between the points 22 and 26 . It can be seen that at very similar elongations at break and for very similar linear portions of the deformation energy, the portion of the nonlinear deformation energy is substantially smaller.
  • Such a filter material will therefore react primarily elastically to a deformation and after removal of the load, will reverse essentially the entire deformation.
  • the filter material would have to be stretched up to point 29 .
  • the required elongation is substantially higher and, above all, the required force is close to the tensile strength in the cross direction.
  • the filter material can tear in the cross direction.
  • the filter material according to the invention from FIG. 1 has a structure which already at small elongations allows for a permanent deformation in the cross direction, for which reason segments for smoking articles can be manufactured more reliably therefrom.
  • the filter material according to the invention is web-shaped, so that it is eminently suitable for crimping.
  • the filter material is a hydroentangled nonwoven or a paper.
  • the filter material is a hydroentangled nonwoven.
  • the filter material is a paper.
  • hydroentangled at first indicates the underlying manufacturing process, it should be considered that a hydroentangled nonwoven has characteristic structural properties, which differentiate it from other nonwovens and which, to the knowledge of the inventors, cannot be obtained by other manufacturing processes in an identical manner.
  • the strength of the hydroentangled nonwoven is achieved by entanglement of the fibers.
  • a hydroentangled nonwoven has a particularly porous structure, which makes it particularly suitable as a filter material for segments of smoking articles.
  • a similar porous structure can preferably be produced by an inclined wire paper machine.
  • the properties of the filter material according to the invention, of the segments according to the invention manufactured from the filter material and of the smoking articles according to the invention manufactured from the segment described below thus hold independently of whether the filter material according to the invention is a hydroentangled nonwoven or a paper.
  • the third process according to the invention for manufacturing the filter material according to the invention comprises a combination of paper manufacturing and hydroentangling, so that the filter material obtained cannot be unambiguously designated as paper or hydroentangled nonwoven.
  • the filter material according to the invention contains cellulose fibers. According to the findings of the inventors, cellulose fibers are required in order to provide a sufficient strength to the filter material, so that it can be processed into a segment. According to the invention, the proportion of cellulose fibers in the filter material is at least 50% and at most 100% of the mass of the filter material, preferably, however, at least 60% and at most 100% and particularly preferably at least 70% and at most 95%, each with respect to the mass of the filter material.
  • the cellulose fibers can be pulp fibers or fibers from regenerated cellulose or mixtures thereof.
  • the pulp fibers are preferably sourced from coniferous woods, deciduous woods, or other plants such as hemp, flax, jute, ramie, kenaf, kapok, coconut, abaca, sisal, bamboo, cotton or from esparto grass.
  • mixtures of pulp fibers from various sources can be used for manufacturing the hydroentangled filter material.
  • the pulp fibers are sourced from coniferous woods, because even in small proportions, such fibers provide the filter material with good strength.
  • the filter material according to the invention can contain fibers from regenerated cellulose.
  • the proportion of fibers from regenerated cellulose is at least 5% and at most 50%, particularly preferably at least 10% and at most 45% and more particularly preferably at least 15% and at most 40%, each with respect to the mass of the filter material.
  • the fibers from regenerated cellulose are preferably at least partially, in particular to more than 70%, formed by viscose fibers, Modal fibers, Lyocell® fibers, Tencel® fibers or mixtures thereof. These fibers have a good biodegradability and can be used to optimize the strength of the filter material and to adjust the filtration efficiency of the segment manufactured therefrom for the smoking article. Due to the manufacturing process, they are less variable than the pulp fibers sourced from natural sources and contribute to the fact that the properties of a segment manufactured from the filter material vary less than if exclusively pulp fibers are used. Their manufacture, however, requires more effort and usually, they are also more expensive than pulp fibers.
  • the basis weight of the filter material is at least 15 g/m 2 and at most 60 g/m 2 , preferably at least 18 g/m 2 and at most 55 g/m 2 and particularly preferably at least 20 g/m 2 and at most 50 g/m 2 .
  • the basis weight influences the tensile strength of the filter material, wherein a higher basis weight generally leads to a higher tensile strength.
  • the basis weight should not be too high, however, because then the filter material cannot be processed into segments for smoking articles at high speed.
  • the values refer to a basis weight measured in accordance with ISO 536:2019.
  • the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy absorbed by the filter material up to half the elongation at break is at least 10% and at most 50% of the total deformation energy absorbed by the filter material up to half the elongation at break.
  • the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy absorbed by the filter material up to half the elongation at break is at least 15% and at most 40% of the total deformation energy absorbed by the filter material up to half the elongation at break and particularly preferably, the nonlinear portion is at least 15% and at most 35% and in particular at least 1 8 % and at most 32%.
  • a very good result during crimping can be achieved at a moderate elongation and the risk of the filter material tearing in the cross direction is particularly low.
  • the filter material according to the invention can contain additives such as alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic acid anhydride (ASA), polyvinyl alcohol, waxes, fatty acids, starch, starch derivatives, carboxy methyl cellulose, alginates, chitosan, wet strength agents or substances to adjust the pH such as, for example, organic or inorganic acids or bases.
  • additives such as alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic acid anhydride (ASA), polyvinyl alcohol, waxes, fatty acids, starch, starch derivatives, carboxy methyl cellulose, alginates, chitosan, wet strength agents or substances to adjust the pH such as, for example, organic or inorganic acids or bases.
  • additives such as alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic acid anhydride (ASA), polyvin
  • the filter material according to the invention can also contain one or more additives that are selected from the group consisting of citrates such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate, malates, tartrates, acetates such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, gluconates, glycolates, lactates, oxalates, salicylates, ⁇ -hydroxy caprylates, phosphates, polyphosphates, chlorides and hydrogen carbonates, and mixtures thereof.
  • citrates such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate
  • malates tartrates
  • acetates such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate
  • nitrates succinates
  • fumarates gluconates
  • glycolates lactates
  • oxalates glycolates
  • salicylates ⁇ -hydroxy caprylates
  • phosphates polyphosphates
  • chlorides and hydrogen carbonates and mixtures thereof
  • the filter material according to the invention can also comprise yet more substances which better match the filtration efficiency of the filter material to that of cellulose acetate.
  • the filter material comprises a substance selected from the group consisting of triacetin, propylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, triethyl citrate or mixtures thereof.
  • the filter material In a preferred embodiment of the filter material, at least a portion of the cellulose fibers is loaded with a filler, wherein the filler is particularly preferably formed by mineral particles and in particular by calcium carbonate particles.
  • the structure of the filter material is very porous, it is not suitable for retaining fillers, so that it is advantageous to load the cellulose fibers with the fillers and thereby retain them in the structure of the filter material. Fillers can serve to provide the filter material with special properties.
  • the thickness of one layer of the filter material is at least 25 ⁇ m and at most 1000 ⁇ m, preferably at least 30 ⁇ m and at most 800 ⁇ m, particularly preferably at least 35 ⁇ m and at most 600 ⁇ m.
  • the mechanical properties of the filter material are important for processing the filter material according to the invention into a segment of a smoking article.
  • the tensile strength of the filter material with respect to width in the cross direction measured in accordance with ISO 1924-2:2008, is preferably at least 0.05 kN/m and at most 5 kN/m, particularly preferably at least 0.07 kN/m and at most 4 kN/m.
  • the elongation at break of the filter material in the cross direction is thus preferably at least 0.5% and at most 50% and particularly preferably at least 0.8% and at most 40%.
  • the elongation at break is primarily determined by the length of the fibers, wherein longer fibers lead to a higher elongation at break, and it can thus be adjusted to the specific requirements of the filter material within a wide range.
  • Segments according to the invention for smoking articles can be manufactured from the filter material according to the invention according to processes known in the prior art. These processes comprise, for example, crimping the filter material, forming a continuous tow from the crimped filter material, wrapping the continuous tow with a wrapper material and cutting the wrapped tow into individual rods of a defined length.
  • the length of such a rod is an integer multiple of the length of the segment that will then be used in the smoking article according to the invention, and therefore, the rods are cut into segments of the desired length before or during manufacture of the smoking article.
  • the segment according to the invention for smoking articles comprises the filter material according to the invention and a wrapper material.
  • the segment comprises a filter material gathered in the cross direction and a wrapper material, wherein the filter material contains at least 50% and at most 100% cellulose fibers, each with respect to the mass of the filter material.
  • the filter material has a basis weight of at least 15 g/m 2 and at most 60 g/m 2 , and the thickness of one layer of the filter material, measured in accordance with ISO 534:2011, is at least 25 ⁇ m and at most 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the area of the filter material is used, if it is spread out (i.e., no longer gathered) and also the thickness of one such layer, of course, refers to the spread-out filter material.
  • the filter material has a cross direction, in which the filter material is gathered. In order to facilitate the gathering of the filter material, it can be pre-formed by crimping or pleating.
  • the term “gathering” should be construed broadly, and the verb “gather” does not suggest any particular mechanical method by which the “gathered” state is achieved. Also, a “pleated” state is, for example, a “gathered” state in the context of the present disclosure, irrespectively of which mechanical way the pleating or shortening in the cross direction is achieved.
  • the filter material has a characteristic plastic deformability in the cross direction, which is characterized in that in a tensile test in the cross direction in accordance with ISO 1924-2:2008, the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy absorbed by the filter material up to half the elongation at break is at least 10% and at most 50% of the total deformation energy absorbed by the filter material up to half the elongation at break.
  • the segment is cylindrical with a diameter of at least 3 mm and at most 10 mm, particularly preferably at least 4 mm and at most 9 mm and more particularly preferably at least 5 mm and at most 8 mm. These diameters are advantageous for using the segments according to the invention in smoking articles.
  • the segment has a length of at least 4 mm and at most 40 mm, particularly preferably at least 6 mm and at most 35 mm and more particularly preferably at least 10 mm and at most 28 mm.
  • the draw resistance of the segment determines, inter alia, which pressure difference needs to be applied by the consumer during use of the smoking article in order to generate a certain volumetric flow through the smoking article, and it thus essentially influences the acceptance of the smoking article by the consumer.
  • the draw resistance of the segment can be measured in accordance with ISO 6565:2015 and is given in mm water gauge (mmWG). To very good approximation, the draw resistance of the segment is proportional to the length of the segment, so that the measurement of the draw resistance can also be carried out on rods that differ from the segment only in their length. The draw resistance of the segment can easily be calculated therefrom.
  • the draw resistance of the segment per unit length of the segment is preferably at least 1 mmWG/mm and at most 12 mmWG/mm and particularly preferably at least 2 mmWG/mm and at most 10 mmWG/mm.
  • the wrapper material of the segment according to the invention is preferably a paper or a film.
  • the wrapper material of the segment according to the invention preferably has a basis weight in accordance with ISO 536:2019 of at least 20 g/m 2 and at most 150 g/m 2 , particularly preferably at least 30 g/m 2 and at most 130 g/m 2 .
  • a wrapper material with this preferred or particularly preferred basis weight provides the segment according to the invention wrapped therewith with a particularly advantageous hardness.
  • Smoking articles according to the invention can be manufactured from the segment according to the invention in accordance with processes which are known in the prior art.
  • the smoking article according to the invention comprises a segment that contains an aerosol-forming material and a segment that comprises the filter material according to the invention and a wrapper material.
  • the segment located next to the mouth end of the smoking article is a segment according to the invention.
  • the smoking article is a filter cigarette
  • the aerosol-forming material comprises tobacco
  • the smoking article is a smoking article, during the intended use of which the aerosol-forming material is only heated but not burned and the aerosol-forming material preferably comprises a material selected from the group consisting of tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, nicotine, glycerol, propylene glycol or mixtures thereof.
  • the aerosol-forming material can also be present in liquid form and can be located in a suitable container in the smoking article.
  • the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy can be obtained by orienting the fibers in the filter material more strongly in the machine direction of the filter material. This can be achieved by the method according to the invention described below.
  • the filter material according to the invention can be manufactured according to a first process according to the invention that comprises the steps A1 to A3.
  • the water jets directed onto the fiber web in step A2 cause an entanglement of the cellulose fibers, whereupon the structure conducive to the advantageous plastic behavior in the cross direction can be created.
  • pressure of the water jet the skilled person will understand here the pressure which is applied to generate the water jet, for example, in a pressure chamber.
  • the water jets should be arranged close to each other in the cross direction. Due to the proximity of the water jets hitting the fiber web simultaneously, the water spreads in the machine direction rather than in the cross direction and orients the fibers in this direction.
  • the pressure of the water jets can thereby be reduced compared to the commonly used pressure.
  • the distance and the pressure of the water jets also substantially depends on the size of the openings from which the water jets exit, and above all on the speed of the fiber web, so that the skilled person can select the specific value according to experience, in consideration of the specific embodiments and by simple experiments.
  • a plurality of water jets is used to carry out the hydroentangling in step A2, wherein the water jets are arranged in at least one row transverse to the machine direction of the fiber web.
  • the hydroentangling in step A2 is carried out by at least two rows of water jets directed onto the fiber web, wherein particularly preferably, at least one row of water jets acts on each of the two sides of the fiber web.
  • the filter material manufactured according to this first process should be suitable for use in segments for smoking articles. This means that it can in particular have all features, individually or in combination, that were described above in respect of the filter material and are defined in the dependent claims directed to the filter material.
  • the filter material according to the invention can be manufactured according to a second process according to the invention comprising the steps B1 to B4.
  • the speeds of the running wire and the suspension should be understood to refer to the same frame of reference, so that differing speeds lead to a relative speed between the suspension and the running wire, which is utilized in this embodiment of the process.
  • the filter material manufactured according to this second process should be suitable for use in segments for smoking articles. This means that it can in particular have all features, individually or in combination, that were described before in connection with the filter material and are defined in the dependent claims directed to the filter material.
  • the fiber web achieves the desired structure in that the speed with which the suspension in step B2 flows onto the running wire, and the speed of the running wire in step B2 are suitably adjusted relative to each other.
  • the speed at which the suspension in step B2 flows onto the wire should be lower than the speed of the running wire. Due to the speed difference, the suspension is carried along with the wire and shearing forces are created in the suspension, which orient the cellulose fibers in the machine direction and thus contribute to a structure of the filter material that leads to the plastic deformability in the cross direction according to the invention.
  • step B2 the suspension is applied to the running wire with a speed that is only about 90% of the speed of the running wire, for example between 88% and 93% of the speed of the running wire.
  • the filter material according to the invention can also be manufactured in a third process according to the invention, which is a combination of the first and the second processes according to the invention and comprises the steps C1 to C6.
  • the aqueous suspension in step B1 or C1 has a solids content of at most 3.0%, particularly preferably at most 1.0%, more particularly preferably at most 0.2% and in particular at most 0.05%.
  • the particularly low solids content of the suspension allows a fiber web to be formed with a low density in step B3, which is advantageous for the filtration efficiency of a segment manufactured therefrom.
  • the running wire in steps B2 and B3 or C2 and C3, respectively is inclined in the machine direction of the fiber web upwards with respect to the horizontal by an angle of at least 3° and at most 40°, particularly preferably by an angle of at least 5° and at most 30° and more particularly preferably by an angle of at least 15° and at most 25°.
  • the process comprises a step in which a pressure difference between the two sides of the running wire is applied to support the de-watering of the suspension in step B3 or C3, respectively, wherein particularly preferably, the pressure difference is generated by vacuum boxes or suitably shaped foils.
  • the drying in step A3, B4 or C6, respectively is at least partially carried out by contact with hot air, by infra-red radiation or by microwave radiation. Drying by direct contact with a heated surface is also possible, but less preferred, because the thickness of the filter material could be reduced thereby.
  • step A2 corresponds to step C5 and step A3 to step C6.
  • step B1 corresponds to step C1, step B2 to step C2, step B3 to step C3 and step B4 to step C6.
  • the process comprises a further step in which one or more additives are applied to the fiber web.
  • the additives are preferably selected from the group consisting of alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), acid anhydrides such as alkenyl succinic acid anhydride (ASA), polyvinyl alcohol, waxes, fatty acids, starch, starch derivatives, carboxy methyl cellulose, alginates, chitosan, wet strength agents or substances for adjusting the pH such as, for example, organic or inorganic acids or bases and mixtures thereof.
  • one or more additives can be applied which are selected from the group consisting of citrates such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate, malates, tartrates, acetates such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate, nitrates, succinates, fumarates, gluconates, glycolates, lactates, oxalates, salicylates, ⁇ -hydroxy caprylates, phosphates, polyphosphates, chlorides and hydrogen carbonates and mixtures thereof.
  • citrates such as trisodium citrate or tripotassium citrate
  • malates tartrates
  • acetates such as sodium acetate or potassium acetate
  • succinates fumarates
  • gluconates glycolates
  • lactates lactates
  • oxalates glycolates
  • salicylates ⁇ -hydroxy caprylates
  • phosphates polyphosphates
  • chlorides and hydrogen carbonates and mixtures thereof are selected from the group consisting of citrate
  • the application of one additive or the additives is carried out between the steps A2 and A3 of the process according to the invention or after step A3, followed by a further step for drying the fiber web.
  • the application of the one additive or the additives is carried out between the steps B3 and B4 of the process according to the invention or after step B4, followed by a further step for drying the fiber web.
  • the application of the one additive or the additives is carried out between the steps C3 and C4 or C4 and C5 or C5 and C6 or after step C6, followed by a further step for drying the fiber web.
  • FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, a force-elongation-diagram of a filter material according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, a force-elongation-diagram of a filter material not according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a device, by means of which the third process according to the invention for manufacturing a filter material according to the invention can be carried out.
  • FIG. 4 shows force-elongation-curves measured in the cross direction on embodiments A, B and C according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows force-elongation-curves measured in the cross direction on comparative example Z, not according to the invention.
  • the device shown in FIG. 3 was used to manufacture the embodiments A, B and C according to the invention.
  • a suspension 31 from pulp fibers and fibers from regenerated cellulose was provided in a storage tank 32 , step C1, and from there was pumped to a running wire 33 , inclined upwards relative to the horizontal, step C2, and was de-watered by vacuum boxes 39 , step C3, so that a fiber web 34 was formed on the wire, the general direction of movement of which is indicated by arrow 310 .
  • the speed at which the wire 33 moved was selected to be about 10% higher than the speed of the suspension 31 flowing from the storage tank 32 , in order to orient the fibers primarily in the machine direction.
  • the fiber web 34 was taken off the wire 33 and transferred to a running support wire 35 which was also running, step C4.
  • step C5 water jets 311 arranged in several rows transverse to the machine direction of the fiber web 34 were directed onto the fiber web 34 to entangle the fibers and to consolidate the fiber web 34 into a nonwoven, step C5.
  • step C5 water jets 312 were also directed onto the other side of the fiber web 34 by additional devices 37 .
  • the still-moist nonwoven ran through a drying unit 38 and was dried there, step C6, to obtain the filter material.
  • the filter material To manufacture the filter material, a mixture of pulp fibers produced from coniferous woods and Lyocell® fibers was used, wherein the amount of fibers was selected such that the finished filter material consisted of 65% pulp fibers and 35% Lyocell® fibers.
  • the finished filter material had a basis weight, in accordance with ISO 536:2019, of 55 g/m 2 .
  • step C5 of the manufacturing process firstly, water jets in three rows, 311 in FIG. 3 , were directed onto the first side of the fiber web 34 and then water jets in one row, 312 in FIG. 3 , were directed onto the second side of the fiber web 34 .
  • the pressure of the water jets here was varied between 2 MPa and 40 MPa in three steps (low, medium, high), in order to obtain different filter materials according to the invention A, B and C.
  • the diameter of the openings from which the water jets exited was different between the rows and was selected to be between 80 ⁇ m and 120 ⁇ m; the distance of the openings from center to center was 0.3 mm.
  • E lin 1 4 ⁇ F ⁇ ( ⁇ b 2 ) ⁇ ⁇ b .
  • the determination of the deformation energies up to half the elongation at break was carried out for all filter materials A, B and C and the results are shown in Table 1, wherein E is the total deformation energy, E lin is the linear portion of the deformation energy, and E nl is the nonlinear portion of the deformation energy, each in the cross direction up to half the elongation at break.
  • the deformation energies were determined numerically from the force-elongation-curves and thus formally have the unit N-%. In order to reach the usual unit of J/m 2 , the sample geometry needs to be considered. Since only the proportions relative to each other are important here, and since the sample geometries are identical, this was not done.
  • the elongation at break ⁇ b and the force at half the elongation at break F( ⁇ b /2) are also shown.
  • the second process according to the invention comprising the steps B1 to B4, was selected.
  • the filter material To manufacture the filter material, a mixture of pulp fibers from coniferous woods and Lyocell® fibers was used, wherein the amount of fibers was selected such that the finished filter material consisted of 80% pulp fibers and 20% Lyocell® fibers.
  • the finished filter material had a basis weight, in accordance with ISO 536:2019, of 15 g/m 2 .
  • step B2 of the process according to the invention the speed of the suspension flowing out was selected to be about 10% lower than the speed of the running wire.
  • step C2 (with reduced speed of the suspension) used in the exemplary embodiments A, B and C is not needed in order to obtain the characteristic plastic deformability in the cross direction according to the invention in the hydroentangled nonwoven.
  • step C2 with reduced speed of the suspension
  • step C3 is not needed in order to obtain the characteristic plastic deformability in the cross direction according to the invention in the hydroentangled nonwoven.
  • Step A1 was carried out without providing the pulp fibers in the fiber web with a preferred direction transverse to the machine direction by a reduced speed of application of the suspension as in steps B2 or C2, respectively, of the second or third process.
  • the finished filter material had a basis weight, in accordance with ISO 536:2019, of 15 g/m 2 .
  • Hydroentanglement step A2 was carried out in the same manner as step C5 of exemplary embodiment B.
  • the values from Table 3 show that the filter material E manufactured according to the first process according to the invention has a proportion of the nonlinear deformation energy of about 17%.
  • the effort of the combined process is, of course, slightly higher than that of the first process alone, i.e. if, as in embodiment E, the characteristic plastic deformability in the cross direction is only obtained by suitable execution of the hydroentangling in step A2.
  • Embodiment E demonstrates that with this simpler process too, filter materials according to the invention can be manufactured.
  • a filter material not according to the invention the same mixture of fibers was used as in exemplary embodiment D.
  • the basis weight was still 15 g/m 2 , but only machine settings that are common for manufacturing filter papers were used.
  • Filter rods wrapped with paper with a length of 100 mm and a diameter of 7.85 mm were manufactured from each filter material of exemplary embodiments A to E and the comparative example Z.
  • the width of the filter material and the machine settings during filter manufacture were selected such that a draw resistance of 450 ⁇ 10 mmWG resulted.
  • Filter rods could be manufactured from the filter materials of exemplary embodiments A to E and the comparative example Z. But during manufacture, it was found that for the filter materials of exemplary embodiments A to E, the process of crimping reacted substantially less sensitively to changes in the machine settings and in particular to the setting of the distance between the rolls during crimping than for comparative example Z.
  • Filter cigarettes were manufactured from the segments of the embodiments A to E and the comparative example Z using a common process from the prior art. This manufacturing process was without any problems.
  • segments and smoking articles can be manufactured from the filter material according to the invention more reliably and more easily than from common hydroentangled nonwovens or papers, and that better results can be achieved during crimping due to the advantageous plastic elongation behavior.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US18/564,450 2021-06-15 2022-03-21 Filter material for smoking articles having improved expansion behaviour Pending US20240349782A1 (en)

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CN119194914B (zh) * 2024-10-23 2025-11-07 中烟摩迪(江门)纸业有限公司 一种提高滤材纸对烟气有害物质的过滤效果的方法

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US5531235A (en) * 1992-09-28 1996-07-02 Hassenboehler, Jr.; Charles B. Cigarette filter micropleated web and method of manufacture
US8263506B2 (en) 2008-06-30 2012-09-11 Weyerhaeuser Nr Company Nonwoven lyocell fiber webs for filtration
US9119419B2 (en) * 2012-10-10 2015-09-01 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filter material for a filter element of a smoking article, and associated system and method
CN120938267A (zh) * 2015-10-30 2025-11-14 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 擦拭产品及其制造方法
DE102016105235B4 (de) * 2016-03-21 2019-02-14 Delfortgroup Ag Verbessertes Filterpapier für Zigarettenfilter, dessen Herstellung und Filterzigarette
JP6496705B2 (ja) * 2016-12-16 2019-04-03 株式会社ダイセル 抄紙シート及び抄紙シートの製造方法
EP3385425A1 (en) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-10 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with increased oil absorbing capability
SG11202007264XA (en) * 2018-02-01 2020-08-28 Jt Int Sa Biodegradable filter with improved taste
PL3890520T3 (pl) * 2018-12-07 2024-03-18 Philip Morris Products S.A. Wyrób do wytwarzania aerozolu mający biodegradowalny materiał filtracyjny
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EP4124200A1 (de) 2023-02-01

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