US20230035205A1 - Use of a lubricating grease composition having a high upper use temperature - Google Patents
Use of a lubricating grease composition having a high upper use temperature Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20230035205A1 US20230035205A1 US17/783,655 US202017783655A US2023035205A1 US 20230035205 A1 US20230035205 A1 US 20230035205A1 US 202017783655 A US202017783655 A US 202017783655A US 2023035205 A1 US2023035205 A1 US 2023035205A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant grease
- weight
- grease composition
- aluminum
- thickener
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- -1 alkylene radical Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 25
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sarcosine Chemical compound C[NH2+]CC([O-])=O FSYKKLYZXJSNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DTSCLFDGIVWOGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-5h-pyrido[2,3]pyrrolo[2,4-b]pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound C12=NC=CC=C2NC2=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=O DTSCLFDGIVWOGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMPPGHMHELILKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethoxyaniline Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 IMPPGHMHELILKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010077895 Sarcosine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010701 perfluoropolyalkylether Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIOYAVUHUXAUPX-ZHACJKMWSA-N 2-[methyl-[(e)-octadec-9-enoyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC(O)=O DIOYAVUHUXAUPX-ZHACJKMWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHTAIMJOUCYGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-n-(2-ethylhexyl)-n-[(4-methylbenzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]hexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CN(CC(CC)CCCC)CC(CC)CCCC)N=NC2=C1C DHTAIMJOUCYGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trimethylsilyl)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCCS(O)(=O)=O TVZRAEYQIKYCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100039496 Choline transporter-like protein 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000889282 Homo sapiens Choline transporter-like protein 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BACYUWVYYTXETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Lauroylsarcosine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC(O)=O BACYUWVYYTXETD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 KEQFTVQCIQJIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940087168 alpha tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043253 butylated hydroxyanisole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002462 imidazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010690 paraffinic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940043230 sarcosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700004121 sarkosyl Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940016590 sarkosyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010396 two-hybrid screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/02—Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/06—Mixtures of thickeners and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M117/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M117/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof
- C10M117/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof having only one carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M119/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound
- C10M119/24—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M123/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M113/00 - C10M121/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M123/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M113/00 - C10M121/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular compound
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
- C10M2207/1225—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic used as thickening agent
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/14—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/141—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings monocarboxylic
- C10M2207/1415—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings monocarboxylic used as thickening agent
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/284—Esters of aromatic monocarboxylic acids
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C10M2215/102—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
- C10M2215/1026—Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates used as thickening material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
- C10M2217/0456—Polyureas; Polyurethanes used as thickening agents
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/06—Instruments or other precision apparatus, e.g. damping fluids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
- C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of a lubricant grease composition for lubrication of surfaces in applications in which a high upper use temperature is required, and especially in the automotive industry.
- One way of adjusting the properties of the lubricant greases is by suitable selection of the thickeners.
- aluminum complex soaps have been found to be suitable thickeners.
- aluminum complex soaps as thickeners for lubricant grease compositions have long been known and are described in many literature references, for example in J. L. Dreher, T. H. Koundakijan and C. F. “Manufacture and Properties of Aluminum Complex Greases”, NLGI Spokesman, 107-113,1965; H. W. Kruschwitz “The Development of Formulations for Aluminum Complex Thickener Systems” NLGI Spokesman, 51-59,1976; H. W. Kruschwitz “The Manufacture and Uses of Aluminum Complex Greases” NLGI National Meeting Preprints 1985.
- a further advantage of aluminum complex soaps is that they are capable, on account of their high shear instability, of lowering the dynamic viscosity of the lubricant.
- they enable the use of base oils having higher viscosities, which is advantageous especially in the case of metal/plastic friction partners.
- an elevated base oil viscosity is advantageous for noise vibration hardness (NVH) characteristics in the component.
- EP2077318 (Al) describes an aluminum complex-free lubricant grease composition for use of plastic-containing friction partners in automobiles.
- the lubricant grease composition contains a base oil selected from at least one synthetic hydrocarbon oil, a synthetic ester-based oil and a synthetic ether-based oil, and a thickener selected from at least one lithium-based soap, a lithium-based complex soap and a urea-based compound.
- a lubricant grease composition based on an aluminum complex thickener which is suitable for lubrication of the surfaces of plastic-containing friction partners or of a combination of metallic and plastic-containing friction partners and which has satisfactory thermal stability in the form of an upper use temperature of preferably more than 90° C. and especially more than 120° C.
- the present disclosure provides a lubricant grease composition
- a lubricant grease composition comprising a base oil and a thickener including an aluminum-based complex soap and a polyurea thickener, wherein the lubricant grease is configured for lubrication of surfaces of components in which an upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition is at least 90° C.
- the use of a thickener comprising an aluminum-based complex soap in combination with a polyurea thickener makes it possible to obtain a lubricant grease composition of excellent suitability for lubrication of the surfaces of components in applications in which a high upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition is required.
- the lubricant grease composition is of excellent suitability for applications in the automotive sector, since the use temperatures required in the automotive sector, which are typically in the range from ⁇ 40° C. to +120° C., can be achieved without difficulty.
- Examples of applications in which an upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition of at least 90° C. is required is the lubrication of ball joints, spur gears, worm gears and planetary gears and actuators of brush-operated or brushless DC motors (DC, BLDC motors) and/or AC motors (AC, BLAC motors).
- the lubricant grease composition used in accordance with the invention preferably has an upper use temperature of at least 90° C., for example 90° C. to 180° C. and/or 90° C. to 160° C. and/or 90° C. to 150° C., preferably at least 100° C., for example 100° C. to 180° C. and/or 100° C. to 160° C. and/or 100° C. to 150° C., more preferably 110° C. to 180° C. and/or 110° C. to 170° C. and/or 110° C. to 160° C. and/or 110° C. to 150° C.
- An upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition is understood to mean the highest temperature at which the lubricant grease composition can be used without losing its use capability.
- the upper use temperature can be determined in accordance with the invention by measuring oil separation at various temperatures.
- the upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition is the highest temperature at which the lubricant grease composition has an oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 (24 h/X° C.) of less than 12% by weight.
- the lubricant grease composition preferably has an oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 (24 h/100° C.) of less than 12% by weight, more preferably of less than 10% by weight and especially less than 6% by weight.
- the lubricant grease composition has an oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 (24 h/100° C., then 24 h/110° C.) of less than 16% by weight, more preferably of less than 14% by weight and especially less than 13% by weight.
- the lubricant grease composition has an oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 (24 h/100° C., then 24 h/110° C., then 24 h/120° C.) of less than 20% by weight, more preferably of less than 15% by weight and especially less than 12% by weight.
- the lubricant grease composition has a use temperature range from ⁇ 60° C. to +180° C. and/or of ⁇ 50° C. to +160° C., and/or of ⁇ 40° C. to +150° C. and/or of ⁇ 40° C. to +140° C. and/or of ⁇ 40° C. to +120° C.
- a use temperature range of the lubricant grease composition is understood to mean the temperature range in which the lubricant grease composition can be used without losing its use capability.
- a lubricant grease composition at its use temperature has an oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 (24 h/X° C.) of less than 12% by weight.
- a lubricant grease composition at its use temperature has a flow pressure (DIN 51805-2:2016-09) of not more than 1400 mbar.
- the lubricant grease composition can also be used at temperatures higher or lower than the abovementioned temperatures, provided that these temperatures occur only for a short period of time, for example less than 10 minutes.
- the invention further provides for the use of a lubricant grease composition
- a lubricant grease composition comprising
- the temperature is maintained for a period of at least 10 minutes, more preferably of at least 20 minutes, more preferably of at least 40 minutes and especially of at least 60 minutes.
- the high thermal stability of the lubricant grease composition was surprising in that the use of aluminum-based complex soaps, as elucidated above, is known to lead to lubricant greases having comparatively low thermal stability of generally below 90° C. Without committing to any mechanism, it is suspected that a synergism develops between aluminum complex soap and polyurea thickener that increases the thermal stability of the aluminum complex soap. This is probably because the two thickener components have good mutual miscibility, and hence the result is a hybrid thickener system. The distinctly higher upper use temperature of the polyurea thickener has a positive influence on the upper use temperature of the aluminum-based complex soap without adversely affecting the general positive properties of the aluminum-based complex soap.
- a polyurea thickener is understood to mean a reaction product of a diisocyanate, preferably 2,4- diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, 4,4′-dii socyanatodiphenylmethane, 2,4′-diisocyanatophenylmethane, 4,4′-diisocyanatodiphenyl, 4,4′-diisocyanato-3,3′-dimethylphenyl, 4,4′-diisocyanato-3,3′-dimethylphenylmethane, which may be used individually or in combination, with an amine of the general formula R′2-N—R, or a diamine of the general formula R′2-N—R—NR′2 where R is an aryl, alkyl or alkylene radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms and R′ is identical or different and is a hydrogen or an alkyl, alkylene or aryl radical having 2
- the proportion of the polyurea thickener in the lubricant grease composition of the invention is preferably 1% by weight to 11% by weight, more preferably from 2% by weight to 10% by weight, and especially from 3% by weight to 9% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- aluminum-based complex soaps of the present invention it is possible in principle to use a wide variety of different aluminum-based complex soaps that are customarily used in lubricant grease compositions.
- aluminum-based complex soaps of the present invention aluminum-based complex soaps of the present invention
- Aluminum-based complex soaps as shown in formula 1 are aluminum carboxylate compounds that can be prepared by a reaction of a fatty acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid and an aluminum-alcohol derivative.
- Commercially used aluminum alkoxides are aluminum isopropoxide or trioxyaluminum triisopropoxide.
- a simple route to preparation of the aforementioned aluminum-based complex soaps comprises the reaction between a trioxyaluminum triisopropoxide (Al trimer for short), a fatty acid and a benzoic acid:
- aluminum complex soaps have good water resistance, pumpability, good low-temperature characteristics and high material compatibility.
- the proportion of the aluminum-based complex soap in the lubricant grease composition of the invention is preferably from 1% by weight to 11% by weight, more preferably from 2% by weight to 10% by weight and especially from 3% by weight to 9% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- the proportion of aluminum-based complex soap and polyurea thickener together is from 2% by weight to 22% by weight, more preferably from 4% by weight to 20% by weight and especially from 6% by weight to 18% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- the invention encompasses the use of the lubricant grease composition for lubrication of the surfaces of plastic-containing friction partners or of a combination of metallic and plastic-containing friction partners and especially of friction partners of the aforementioned type in actuators, especially in the automotive sector.
- Suitable base oils are customary lubricant oils that are liquid at room temperature (20° C.).
- the base oil preferably has a kinematic viscosity of 18 mm 2 /s to 20 000 mm 2 /s, especially from 30 mm 2 /s to 400 mm 2 /s, at 40° C.
- Base oils are distinguished between mineral oils and synthetic oils.
- a base oil is understood to mean the customary base fluids used for the production of lubricants, especially oils that are assigned to groups I, II, II+, III, IV or V according to the classification of the American Petroleum Institute (API) [NLGI Spokesman, N. Samman, volume 70, number 11, p. 14 et seq.]. Mineral oils are classified by API group.
- API Group I are mineral oils consisting, for example, of naphthenic or paraffinic oils. If these mineral oils, by comparison with API Group I oils, have been chemically modified, have a low aromatics level and low sulfur level and have a low proportion of saturated compounds and hence improved viscosity/temperature characteristics, the oils are classified as API Group II and III. API Group III also includes what are called gas-to-liquid oils that are produced not from the refining of crude oil but by the chemical conversion of natural gas.
- Synthetic oils include polyethers, esters, polyesters, preferably polyalphaolefins, especially metallocene polyalphaolefins, polyethers, perfluoropolyalkyl ethers (PFPAE), alkylated naphthalenes, silicone oils and alkylaromatics and mixtures thereof.
- the polyether compound may have free hydroxyl groups, but may also have been fully etherified or end group-esterified and/or have been prepared from a starter compound having one or more hydroxyl and/or carboxyl groups (—COOH). Also possible are polyphenol ethers, optionally alkylated, as the sole components or even better as mixed components.
- esters of an aromatic and/or aliphatic di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acid with one or a mixture of C 7 to C 22 alcohols are esters of trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol with aliphatic C 7 to C 22 carboxylic acids, esters of C 18 dimer acids with C 7 to C 22 alcohols, complex esters, as individual components or in any mixture.
- silicone oils Likewise suitable are silicone oils, native oils and derivatives of native oils.
- Base oils particularly preferred in accordance with the invention are polyalphaolefins, especially metallocene polyalphaolefins, and naphthenic mineral oils according to the API Group I classification.
- the proportion of the base oil in the lubricant grease composition of the invention is from 55% by weight to 90% by weight, more preferably from 60% by weight to 95% by weight, and especially from 68% by weight to 92% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- composition of the invention may also contain further additives, for example antioxidants, anticorrosives, lubricity improvers, high-pressure and antiwear additives, metal deactivators, viscosity and friction improvers, dyes, friction reducers.
- antioxidants for example antioxidants, anticorrosives, lubricity improvers, high-pressure and antiwear additives, metal deactivators, viscosity and friction improvers, dyes, friction reducers.
- antioxidants can reduce or even prevent the oxidation of the lubricant grease composition of the invention, especially on use thereof. Oxidation can give rise to unwanted free radicals, resulting in an increased level of occurrence of break down reactions of the lubricant.
- the addition of antioxidants stabilizes the lubricant grease composition.
- Antioxidants that are particularly suitable in accordance with the invention are the following compounds: styrenized diphenylamines, diaromatic amines, phenolic resins, thiophenolic resins, phosphites, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, octylated/butylated diphenylamine, di-alpha-tocopherol, di-tert-butylphenyl, benzenepropanoic acid, sulfur-containing phenol compounds and mixtures of these components.
- the lubricant grease composition may contain further additives, especially anticorrosion additives, metal deactivators or ion-complexing agents.
- additives especially anticorrosion additives, metal deactivators or ion-complexing agents.
- these include triazoles, imidazolines, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), benzotriazole derivatives, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine; n-methyl-N-(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl)-glycine, mixtures of phosphoric acid and mono- and diisooctyl esters reacted with (C 11 -14)-alkylamines, mixtures of phosphoric acid and mono- and diisooctyl esters reacted with tert-alkylamine and primary (C 12 -14)-amines, dodecanoic acid, triphenyl phosphorot
- IRGAMET® 39 IRGACOR® DSS G, Amin 0; SARKOSYL® 0 (Ciba), COBRATEC® 122, CUVAN® 303, VANLUBE®9123, CI-426, CI-426EP, CI-429 and CI-498.
- antiwear additives are amines, amine phosphates, phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphorothionates and mixtures of these components.
- the commercially available antiwear additives include IRGALUBE® TPPT, IRGALUBE® 232, IRGALUBE® 349, IRGALUBE®211 and ADDITIN® RC3760 Liq 3960, FIRC—SHUN® FG 1505 and FG 1506, NA-LUBE® KR-015FG, LUBEBOND®, FLUORO® FG, SYNALOX®40-D, ACHESON® FGA 1820 and ACHESON® FGA 1810.
- the proportion of the further additives is preferably from 1% by weight to 30% by weight, more preferably from 1.5% by weight to 25% by weight, and especially from 2% by weight to 20% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- the lubricant grease composition may contain solid lubricants such as PTFE, boron nitride, polymer powders, for example PTFE, polyamides or polyimides, pyrophosphate, metal oxides, for example zinc oxide or magnesium oxide, metal sulfides, for example zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide or tin sulfide, pyrophosphates, thiosulfates, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium stearate, carbon polymorphs, for example carbon black, graphite, graphene, nanotubes, fullerenes, SiO2 polymorphs, melanin cyanurate, or a mixture thereof.
- solid lubricants such as PTFE, boron nitride, polymer powders, for example PTFE, polyamides or polyimides, pyrophosphate, metal oxides, for example zinc oxide or magnesium oxide, metal sulfides
- the proportion of the solid lubricants is preferably from 1% by weight to 30% by weight, more preferably from 1.5% by weight to 25% by weight, and especially from 2% by weight to 20% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- the lubricant grease composition has a worked penetration, determined to DIN ISO 2137:2016-12, of 265 to 385 0.1 mm. According to the National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) scale, this corresponds to a consistency class no. 0-2 as per DIN 51818:1981-12.
- NLGI National Lubricating Grease Institute
- the lubricant grease composition has the following composition:
- a standard production method for lubricant greases is used. Heated reactors are used, which may also be designed as an autoclave or vacuum reactor. If required, the resultant grease can be homogenized, filtered and/or devolatilized.
- Production method A Formation of a lubricant grease composition of the invention by separate production of an aluminum-based complex soap (base grease A) and a polyurea thickener (base grease B—H) with subsequent mixing and additization
- a heatable reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer system suitable for the production of lubricant greases is initially charged with the base oil or a portion of the base oil or oil mixture.
- the aluminum-based complex soap is produced therein by reaction of polyoxyaluminum stearate with benzoic acid and stearic acid.
- the reaction mixture is heated, wherein peak temperatures up to 210° C. may occur, in order to drive out the water and to melt the thickener.
- the subsequent cooling phase determines the morphology of the thickener. It is possible here to use residual base oil for controlled adjustment of the consistency.
- a heatable reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer system suitable for the production of lubricant greases is initially charged with the base oil or a portion of the base oil or oil mixture. Subsequently, the isocyanate component(s) is/are added and heated to 60° C. while stirring. In a separate reaction vessel, a portion of the base oil is mixed with the amine component(s) at 60° C. until the solution is homogeneous. The amine solution is added while stirring the isocyanate solution and heated up to 200° C. The subsequent cooling phase determines the morphology of the thickener. It is possible here to use residual base oil for controlled adjustment of the consistency.
- Base grease A and polyurea grease are mixed in a heatable reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer system suitable for the production of lubricant greases.
- the additives are added while stirring over and above 120° C. Once the desired consistency has been attained, the product is homogenized, and optionally filtered and devolatilized.
- Production method B Formation of the lubricant grease composition by sequential production of an aluminum-based complex soap and a polyurea thickener in the base oil with subsequent addition of the additives.
- a heatable reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer system suitable for the production of lubricant greases is initially charged with the base oil or a portion of the base oil or oil mixture.
- the aluminum-based complex soap is produced therein by reaction of polyoxyaluminum stearate with benzoic acid and stearic acid. Subsequently, the reaction mixture is heated, wherein peak temperatures up to 210° C. may occur, in order to drive out the water and to melt the thickener.
- the brew is cooled down to 60° C., and the isocyanate component(s) is/are added and melted while stirring.
- a portion of the base oil is mixed with the amine component(s) at 60° C. until the solution is homogeneous.
- the amine solution is added while stirring the isocyanate solution and heated up to 200° C.
- the subsequent cooling phase determines the morphology of the thickener. It is possible here to use residual base oil for controlled adjustment of the consistency.
- the additives are added while stirring over and above 120° C. Once the desired consistency has been attained, the product is homogenized, and optionally filtered and devolatilized.
- a comparison of production methods A and B is shown in table 3. Small difference in the penetration values shows that both production methods are suitable for production of a corresponding hybrid grease.
- Penetration is determined to DIN ISO 2137:2016-12. What is measured is worked penetration after 60 twin strokes.
- Oil separation is determined to ASTM D6184-17 with the differences described below.
- the contact time is different and is 72 h, with, after every 24 h, i) determination of the amount of oil separated and ii) an increase in the temperature by 10° C.
- the contact time is 30 h. A separate measurement is effected here at 130° C. and at 150° C.
- Table 2 shows that the hybrid greases can be produced with a multitude of combinations between a thickener comprising a complex soap on aluminum and a polyurea thickener.
- Table 3 shows that both the production processes named are suitable for formulating comparable greases. It is possible here to vary both the content of the thickener based on an aluminum complex soap and the content of polyurea thickener with respect to one another and also overall.
- Table 4 and table 5 show from the comparison of the oil separations that hybrid greases based on a combination of a thickener comprising a complex soap on aluminum and a polyurea thickener are superior to the conventional aluminum complex soaps at higher use temperatures.
- the recitation of “at least one of A, B and C” should be interpreted as one or more of a group of elements consisting of A, B and C, and should not be interpreted as requiring at least one of each of the listed elements A, B and C, regardless of whether A, B and C are related as categories or otherwise.
- the recitation of “A, B and/or C” or “at least one of A, B or C” should be interpreted as including any singular entity from the listed elements, e.g., A, any subset from the listed elements, e.g., A and B, or the entire list of elements A, B and C.
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Abstract
A lubricant grease composition is disclosed, the lubricant grease composition including a base oil and a thickener. The thickener includes an aluminum-based complex soap and a polyurea thickener, wherein the lubricant grease is configured for lubrication of surfaces of components in which an upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition is at least 90° C.
Description
- This application is a U.S. National Phase application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2020/080748, filed on Nov. 3, 2020, and claims benefit to German Patent Application No. DE 102019134330.5, filed on Dec. 13, 2019. The International Application was published in German on Jun. 17, 2021 as WO 2021/115685 A1 under PCT Article 21(2).
- The present invention relates to the use of a lubricant grease composition for lubrication of surfaces in applications in which a high upper use temperature is required, and especially in the automotive industry.
- In the past, lubricant greases were used predominantly for purely metallic components. In order to meet constantly rising demands on lower weight and lower costs, for example in the automotive industry, however, there is increasing use of plastic-containing components. For that reason, there is a rise in demand for lubricant greases matched to lubrication of plastic-containing friction partners and/or to a combination of metallic and plastic-containing friction partners.
- An important field of use for the lubrication of plastic surfaces is the lubrication of friction partners in actuators. This is firstly because they are taking on an increasingly important role in measurement, control and regulation technology, for example in the automotive industry, and secondly because they generally have at least partly plastic-containing friction partners. But plastic-containing friction partners make different demands on lubricant greases than purely metallic components, and so the lubricant greases customarily used there generally do not give satisfactory results, for example with regard to coefficients of friction or service life.
- One way of adjusting the properties of the lubricant greases is by suitable selection of the thickeners. For particular applications, aluminum complex soaps have been found to be suitable thickeners. For instance, aluminum complex soaps as thickeners for lubricant grease compositions have long been known and are described in many literature references, for example in J. L. Dreher, T. H. Koundakijan and C. F. “Manufacture and Properties of Aluminum Complex Greases”, NLGI Spokesman, 107-113,1965; H. W. Kruschwitz “The Development of Formulations for Aluminum Complex Thickener Systems” NLGI Spokesman, 51-59,1976; H. W. Kruschwitz “The Manufacture and Uses of Aluminum Complex Greases” NLGI National Meeting Preprints 1985.
- Nevertheless, the global market for greases is dominated by conventional simple lithium soaps as thickener, followed by complex lithium soaps and simple calcium soaps. Specifically in the automotive industry, where a high demand on the temperature use range is generally made (at least −40° C. to +120° C.), aluminum complex soaps are barely present. This is all the more astonishing since the use of aluminum complex soaps brings multiple advantages. Compared to simple and complex lithium soaps, one advantage here would be the better availability of the aluminum source. Specifically in the age of electromobility, the cost of lithium hydroxide has drastically increased in the last few years, and it is not possible to clearly foresee how the availability and price will develop. Furthermore, aluminum complex soaps have good water resistance, pumpability, good low-temperature characteristics and high material compatibility.
- A further advantage of aluminum complex soaps is that they are capable, on account of their high shear instability, of lowering the dynamic viscosity of the lubricant. As a result, they enable the use of base oils having higher viscosities, which is advantageous especially in the case of metal/plastic friction partners. As a result of the higher lubricant film obtained thereby between the friction partners, it is thus possible to reduce wear over the lifetime. Furthermore, an elevated base oil viscosity is advantageous for noise vibration hardness (NVH) characteristics in the component.
- The disadvantage of aluminum complex soaps, which is certainly also a reason why they have not found wide use in the automotive industry, is that although aluminum complex soaps do have a high dripping point (>220° C.), this cannot be equated with the upper use temperature. Aluminum complex soaps, depending on their consistency index (NLGI), become fluid with time at temperatures above 90° C., and are thus no longer available to the friction site to be lubricated and therefore do not meet the demand from the automotive industry for a high upper use temperature, which should preferably be at least 120° C.
- Accordingly, for example, EP2077318 (Al) describes an aluminum complex-free lubricant grease composition for use of plastic-containing friction partners in automobiles. The lubricant grease composition contains a base oil selected from at least one synthetic hydrocarbon oil, a synthetic ester-based oil and a synthetic ether-based oil, and a thickener selected from at least one lithium-based soap, a lithium-based complex soap and a urea-based compound.
- It would therefore be desirable to obtain a lubricant grease composition based on an aluminum complex thickener which is suitable for lubrication of the surfaces of plastic-containing friction partners or of a combination of metallic and plastic-containing friction partners and which has satisfactory thermal stability in the form of an upper use temperature of preferably more than 90° C. and especially more than 120° C.
- In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a lubricant grease composition comprising a base oil and a thickener including an aluminum-based complex soap and a polyurea thickener, wherein the lubricant grease is configured for lubrication of surfaces of components in which an upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition is at least 90° C.
- Figure
- This object is achieved in accordance with the invention by the use of a lubricant grease composition comprising
-
- a base oil,
- a thickener comprising an aluminum-based complex soap and a polyurea thickener, for lubrication of the surfaces of components in applications in which an upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition of at least 90° C., for example 90° C. to 180° C. and/or 90° C. to 160° C. and/or 90° C. to 150° C., preferably at least 100° C., for example 100° C. to 180° C. and/or 100° C. to 160° C. and/or 100° C. to 150° C., more preferably 110° C. to 180° C. and/or 110° C. to 170° C. and/or 110° C. to 160° C. and/or 110° C. to 150° C., is required.
- It has been found in accordance with the invention that, surprisingly, the use of a thickener comprising an aluminum-based complex soap in combination with a polyurea thickener makes it possible to obtain a lubricant grease composition of excellent suitability for lubrication of the surfaces of components in applications in which a high upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition is required. Thus, the lubricant grease composition is of excellent suitability for applications in the automotive sector, since the use temperatures required in the automotive sector, which are typically in the range from −40° C. to +120° C., can be achieved without difficulty. Examples of applications in which an upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition of at least 90° C. is required is the lubrication of ball joints, spur gears, worm gears and planetary gears and actuators of brush-operated or brushless DC motors (DC, BLDC motors) and/or AC motors (AC, BLAC motors).
- The lubricant grease composition used in accordance with the invention preferably has an upper use temperature of at least 90° C., for example 90° C. to 180° C. and/or 90° C. to 160° C. and/or 90° C. to 150° C., preferably at least 100° C., for example 100° C. to 180° C. and/or 100° C. to 160° C. and/or 100° C. to 150° C., more preferably 110° C. to 180° C. and/or 110° C. to 170° C. and/or 110° C. to 160° C. and/or 110° C. to 150° C.
- An upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition is understood to mean the highest temperature at which the lubricant grease composition can be used without losing its use capability. The upper use temperature can be determined in accordance with the invention by measuring oil separation at various temperatures. According to the invention, the upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition is the highest temperature at which the lubricant grease composition has an oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 (24 h/X° C.) of less than 12% by weight. The lubricant grease composition preferably has an oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 (24 h/100° C.) of less than 12% by weight, more preferably of less than 10% by weight and especially less than 6% by weight. Likewise preferably, the lubricant grease composition has an oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 (24 h/100° C., then 24 h/110° C.) of less than 16% by weight, more preferably of less than 14% by weight and especially less than 13% by weight. Likewise preferably, the lubricant grease composition has an oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 (24 h/100° C., then 24 h/110° C., then 24 h/120° C.) of less than 20% by weight, more preferably of less than 15% by weight and especially less than 12% by weight.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the lubricant grease composition has a use temperature range from −60° C. to +180° C. and/or of −50° C. to +160° C., and/or of −40° C. to +150° C. and/or of −40° C. to +140° C. and/or of −40° C. to +120° C. A use temperature range of the lubricant grease composition is understood to mean the temperature range in which the lubricant grease composition can be used without losing its use capability. For instance, according to the invention, a lubricant grease composition at its use temperature has an oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 (24 h/X° C.) of less than 12% by weight. In addition, a lubricant grease composition at its use temperature has a flow pressure (DIN 51805-2:2016-09) of not more than 1400 mbar.
- Nevertheless, the lubricant grease composition can also be used at temperatures higher or lower than the abovementioned temperatures, provided that these temperatures occur only for a short period of time, for example less than 10 minutes.
- The invention further provides for the use of a lubricant grease composition comprising
-
- a base oil,
- a thickener comprising an aluminum-based complex soap and a polyurea thickener,
for lubrication of the surfaces of components at temperatures that are at least inteiu ittently at least 90° C., for example 90° C. to 180° C. and/or 90° C. to 160° C. and/or 90° C. to 150° C., preferably at least 100° C., for example 100° C. to 180° C. and/or 100° C. to 160° C. and/or 100° C. to 150° C., more preferably 110° C. to 180° C. and/or 110° C. to 170° C. and/or 110° C. to 160° C. and/or 110° C. to 150° C.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the temperature is maintained for a period of at least 10 minutes, more preferably of at least 20 minutes, more preferably of at least 40 minutes and especially of at least 60 minutes.
- The high thermal stability of the lubricant grease composition was surprising in that the use of aluminum-based complex soaps, as elucidated above, is known to lead to lubricant greases having comparatively low thermal stability of generally below 90° C. Without committing to any mechanism, it is suspected that a synergism develops between aluminum complex soap and polyurea thickener that increases the thermal stability of the aluminum complex soap. This is probably because the two thickener components have good mutual miscibility, and hence the result is a hybrid thickener system. The distinctly higher upper use temperature of the polyurea thickener has a positive influence on the upper use temperature of the aluminum-based complex soap without adversely affecting the general positive properties of the aluminum-based complex soap.
- A polyurea thickener is understood to mean a reaction product of a diisocyanate, preferably 2,4- diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, 4,4′-dii socyanatodiphenylmethane, 2,4′-diisocyanatophenylmethane, 4,4′-diisocyanatodiphenyl, 4,4′-diisocyanato-3,3′-dimethylphenyl, 4,4′-diisocyanato-3,3′-dimethylphenylmethane, which may be used individually or in combination, with an amine of the general formula R′2-N—R, or a diamine of the general formula R′2-N—R—NR′2 where R is an aryl, alkyl or alkylene radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms and R′ is identical or different and is a hydrogen or an alkyl, alkylene or aryl radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, or with mixtures of amines and diamines.
- The proportion of the polyurea thickener in the lubricant grease composition of the invention is preferably 1% by weight to 11% by weight, more preferably from 2% by weight to 10% by weight, and especially from 3% by weight to 9% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- According to the invention, it is possible in principle to use a wide variety of different aluminum-based complex soaps that are customarily used in lubricant grease compositions. In one embodiment of the present invention, aluminum-based complex soaps of the
- are preferred on account of their good availability. The fatty acid radical R here is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbyl radical having 4 to 28 carbon atoms (R=C4-C28). Preference is given here to an even number of carbon atoms since this occurs in most naturally occurring fatty acids. More preferably, R=C12-C22. Further preferably, the R radicals are derived from fatty acids selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, palmitic acid, mytistic acid, stearic acid and mixtures thereof.
- Aluminum-based complex soaps as shown in formula 1 are aluminum carboxylate compounds that can be prepared by a reaction of a fatty acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid and an aluminum-alcohol derivative. Commercially used aluminum alkoxides are aluminum isopropoxide or trioxyaluminum triisopropoxide. A simple route to preparation of the aforementioned aluminum-based complex soaps comprises the reaction between a trioxyaluminum triisopropoxide (Al trimer for short), a fatty acid and a benzoic acid:
- Alternatively, it is also possible to convert an intermediate, for example polyoxyaluminum stearate, to the corresponding complex soap. In grease production, this obviates the need to release a low molecular weight alcohol, for example isopropyl alcohol.
- What is advantageous about the use of the aluminum-based complex soaps as thickener, as elucidated above, is that they combine good availability with low cost.
- Furthermore, aluminum complex soaps have good water resistance, pumpability, good low-temperature characteristics and high material compatibility.
- The proportion of the aluminum-based complex soap in the lubricant grease composition of the invention is preferably from 1% by weight to 11% by weight, more preferably from 2% by weight to 10% by weight and especially from 3% by weight to 9% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the proportion of aluminum-based complex soap and polyurea thickener together is from 2% by weight to 22% by weight, more preferably from 4% by weight to 20% by weight and especially from 6% by weight to 18% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- In some embodiments the invention encompasses the use of the lubricant grease composition for lubrication of the surfaces of plastic-containing friction partners or of a combination of metallic and plastic-containing friction partners and especially of friction partners of the aforementioned type in actuators, especially in the automotive sector.
- Suitable base oils are customary lubricant oils that are liquid at room temperature (20° C.). The base oil preferably has a kinematic viscosity of 18 mm2/s to 20 000 mm2/s, especially from 30 mm2/s to 400 mm2/s, at 40° C. Base oils are distinguished between mineral oils and synthetic oils. A base oil is understood to mean the customary base fluids used for the production of lubricants, especially oils that are assigned to groups I, II, II+, III, IV or V according to the classification of the American Petroleum Institute (API) [NLGI Spokesman, N. Samman, volume 70, number 11, p. 14 et seq.]. Mineral oils are classified by API group. API Group I are mineral oils consisting, for example, of naphthenic or paraffinic oils. If these mineral oils, by comparison with API Group I oils, have been chemically modified, have a low aromatics level and low sulfur level and have a low proportion of saturated compounds and hence improved viscosity/temperature characteristics, the oils are classified as API Group II and III. API Group III also includes what are called gas-to-liquid oils that are produced not from the refining of crude oil but by the chemical conversion of natural gas.
- Synthetic oils include polyethers, esters, polyesters, preferably polyalphaolefins, especially metallocene polyalphaolefins, polyethers, perfluoropolyalkyl ethers (PFPAE), alkylated naphthalenes, silicone oils and alkylaromatics and mixtures thereof. The polyether compound may have free hydroxyl groups, but may also have been fully etherified or end group-esterified and/or have been prepared from a starter compound having one or more hydroxyl and/or carboxyl groups (—COOH). Also possible are polyphenol ethers, optionally alkylated, as the sole components or even better as mixed components.
- Suitably usable are esters of an aromatic and/or aliphatic di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acid with one or a mixture of C7 to C22 alcohols, esters of trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol with aliphatic C7 to C22 carboxylic acids, esters of C18 dimer acids with C7 to C22 alcohols, complex esters, as individual components or in any mixture.
- Likewise suitable are silicone oils, native oils and derivatives of native oils.
- Base oils particularly preferred in accordance with the invention are polyalphaolefins, especially metallocene polyalphaolefins, and naphthenic mineral oils according to the API Group I classification.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the proportion of the base oil in the lubricant grease composition of the invention is from 55% by weight to 90% by weight, more preferably from 60% by weight to 95% by weight, and especially from 68% by weight to 92% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- As well as base oil(s) and thickener(s), the composition of the invention may also contain further additives, for example antioxidants, anticorrosives, lubricity improvers, high-pressure and antiwear additives, metal deactivators, viscosity and friction improvers, dyes, friction reducers.
- The addition of antioxidants can reduce or even prevent the oxidation of the lubricant grease composition of the invention, especially on use thereof. Oxidation can give rise to unwanted free radicals, resulting in an increased level of occurrence of break down reactions of the lubricant. The addition of antioxidants stabilizes the lubricant grease composition.
- Antioxidants that are particularly suitable in accordance with the invention are the following compounds: styrenized diphenylamines, diaromatic amines, phenolic resins, thiophenolic resins, phosphites, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, phenyl-alpha-naphthylamine, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine, octylated/butylated diphenylamine, di-alpha-tocopherol, di-tert-butylphenyl, benzenepropanoic acid, sulfur-containing phenol compounds and mixtures of these components.
- In addition, the lubricant grease composition may contain further additives, especially anticorrosion additives, metal deactivators or ion-complexing agents. These include triazoles, imidazolines, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), benzotriazole derivatives, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine; n-methyl-N-(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl)-glycine, mixtures of phosphoric acid and mono- and diisooctyl esters reacted with (C11-14)-alkylamines, mixtures of phosphoric acid and mono- and diisooctyl esters reacted with tert-alkylamine and primary (C12-14)-amines, dodecanoic acid, triphenyl phosphorothionate and amine phosphates. Commercially available additives are as follows: IRGAMET® 39, IRGACOR® DSS G, Amin 0; SARKOSYL® 0 (Ciba), COBRATEC® 122, CUVAN® 303, VANLUBE®9123, CI-426, CI-426EP, CI-429 and CI-498.
- Further conceivable antiwear additives are amines, amine phosphates, phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphorothionates and mixtures of these components. The commercially available antiwear additives include IRGALUBE® TPPT, IRGALUBE® 232, IRGALUBE® 349, IRGALUBE®211 and ADDITIN® RC3760 Liq 3960, FIRC—SHUN® FG 1505 and FG 1506, NA-LUBE® KR-015FG, LUBEBOND®, FLUORO® FG, SYNALOX®40-D, ACHESON® FGA 1820 and ACHESON® FGA 1810.
- The proportion of the further additives is preferably from 1% by weight to 30% by weight, more preferably from 1.5% by weight to 25% by weight, and especially from 2% by weight to 20% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- In addition, the lubricant grease composition may contain solid lubricants such as PTFE, boron nitride, polymer powders, for example PTFE, polyamides or polyimides, pyrophosphate, metal oxides, for example zinc oxide or magnesium oxide, metal sulfides, for example zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide or tin sulfide, pyrophosphates, thiosulfates, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium stearate, carbon polymorphs, for example carbon black, graphite, graphene, nanotubes, fullerenes, SiO2 polymorphs, melanin cyanurate, or a mixture thereof.
- The proportion of the solid lubricants is preferably from 1% by weight to 30% by weight, more preferably from 1.5% by weight to 25% by weight, and especially from 2% by weight to 20% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
- Further preferably, the lubricant grease composition has a worked penetration, determined to DIN ISO 2137:2016-12, of 265 to 385 0.1 mm. According to the National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) scale, this corresponds to a consistency class no. 0-2 as per DIN 51818:1981-12.
- In an embodiment of the invention, the lubricant grease composition has the following composition:
-
- 55°/h to 96% by weight of base oil,
- 1% to 11% by weight of polyurea thickener,
- 1% to 11% by weight of aluminum-based complex soap,
- 1% to 30% by weight of additives,
- 1% / to 30% by weight of solid lubricants.
- The invention is elucidated in detail hereinafter with reference to various examples.
- Production of a lubricant grease composition of the invention:
- A standard production method for lubricant greases is used. Heated reactors are used, which may also be designed as an autoclave or vacuum reactor. If required, the resultant grease can be homogenized, filtered and/or devolatilized.
- Production method A: Formation of a lubricant grease composition of the invention by separate production of an aluminum-based complex soap (base grease A) and a polyurea thickener (base grease B—H) with subsequent mixing and additization
- Base Grease a (Aluminum-Based Complex Soap):
- A heatable reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer system suitable for the production of lubricant greases is initially charged with the base oil or a portion of the base oil or oil mixture. The aluminum-based complex soap is produced therein by reaction of polyoxyaluminum stearate with benzoic acid and stearic acid. Subsequently, the reaction mixture is heated, wherein peak temperatures up to 210° C. may occur, in order to drive out the water and to melt the thickener. The subsequent cooling phase determines the morphology of the thickener. It is possible here to use residual base oil for controlled adjustment of the consistency.
- Base Greases B—H (Polyurea Thickener):
- A heatable reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer system suitable for the production of lubricant greases is initially charged with the base oil or a portion of the base oil or oil mixture. Subsequently, the isocyanate component(s) is/are added and heated to 60° C. while stirring. In a separate reaction vessel, a portion of the base oil is mixed with the amine component(s) at 60° C. until the solution is homogeneous. The amine solution is added while stirring the isocyanate solution and heated up to 200° C. The subsequent cooling phase determines the morphology of the thickener. It is possible here to use residual base oil for controlled adjustment of the consistency.
- Base grease A and polyurea grease (base grease B—H) are mixed in a heatable reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer system suitable for the production of lubricant greases. The additives are added while stirring over and above 120° C. Once the desired consistency has been attained, the product is homogenized, and optionally filtered and devolatilized.
- Production method B: Formation of the lubricant grease composition by sequential production of an aluminum-based complex soap and a polyurea thickener in the base oil with subsequent addition of the additives. A heatable reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer system suitable for the production of lubricant greases is initially charged with the base oil or a portion of the base oil or oil mixture. The aluminum-based complex soap is produced therein by reaction of polyoxyaluminum stearate with benzoic acid and stearic acid. Subsequently, the reaction mixture is heated, wherein peak temperatures up to 210° C. may occur, in order to drive out the water and to melt the thickener. Subsequently, the brew is cooled down to 60° C., and the isocyanate component(s) is/are added and melted while stirring. In a separate reaction vessel, a portion of the base oil is mixed with the amine component(s) at 60° C. until the solution is homogeneous. The amine solution is added while stirring the isocyanate solution and heated up to 200° C. The subsequent cooling phase determines the morphology of the thickener. It is possible here to use residual base oil for controlled adjustment of the consistency. The additives are added while stirring over and above 120° C. Once the desired consistency has been attained, the product is homogenized, and optionally filtered and devolatilized.
- By the above-described process, the lubricant grease compositions shown in table 1 and table 2 (base greases A 1-2/base greases B—H/hybrids 1-15) are produced.
- A comparison of production methods A and B is shown in table 3. Small difference in the penetration values shows that both production methods are suitable for production of a corresponding hybrid grease.
- Penetration is determined to DIN ISO 2137:2016-12. What is measured is worked penetration after 60 twin strokes.
- Oil separation is determined to ASTM D6184-17 with the differences described below. For table 4, the contact time is different and is 72 h, with, after every 24 h, i) determination of the amount of oil separated and ii) an increase in the temperature by 10° C. For table 5, the contact time is 30 h. A separate measurement is effected here at 130° C. and at 150° C.
-
TABLE 1 Production of base greases A1 A2 B C D E F G H Toluene 2,4-/2,6- X X X diisocyanate Diphenylmethane 4,4′- X X X X X X diisocyanate Benzoic acid X X Cyclohexylamine X X Ethylenediamine X Oleylamine X X X X X PAO X X X X X X X X Polyoxyaluminum stearate X X p-Phenetidine X X n-Octylamine X X X X X X Stearic acid X X Thickener content [% by 15 12 15 13 15 15 15 15 15 wt.] Penetration ( 1/10 mm) 330 346 285 186 185 198 234 340 -
TABLE 2 Production of hybrid greases AK component PU component PAO Penetration [% by wt.] [% by wt.] [% by wt.] [ 1/10 mm] Hybrid 1 50.0/A 2 50.0/E — 339 Hybrid 2 48.5/A 2 24.0/G 27.5 336 Hybrid 3 47.0/A 2 23.5/C 29.0 343 Hybrid 4 53.0/A 2 26.5/H 20.0 362 Hybrid 5 62.5/A 2 32.5/B 5.0 337 Hybrid 6 62.5/A 2 32.5/H 5.0 349 Hybrid 7 73.5/A 2 6.5/F 20.0 349 Hybrid 8 66.5/A 2 13.5/F 20.0 346 Hybrid 9 53.5/A 2 26.5/F 20.0 337 Hybrid 10 40.0/A 1 40.0/G 20.0 330 Hybrid 11 37.5/A 1 37.5/C 25.0 330 Hybrid 12 50.0/A 1 50.0/H — 361 Hybrid 13 50.0/A 1 50.0/B — 342 Hybrid 14 35.0/A 1 35.0/F 30.0 320 Hybrid 15 32.5/A 1 32.5/D 35.0 325 -
TABLE 3 Comparison of production methods A/B using two hybrid greases with different thickener contents 1-1 1-2 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2 4-1 4-2 Diphenylmethane 4,4′- X X X X X X X X diisocyanate Benzoic acid X X X X X X X X Oleylamine X X X X X X X X PAO X X X X X X X X Polyoxyaluminum stearate X X X X X X X X n-Octylamine X X X X X X X X Stearic acid X X X X X X X X Antioxidant package X X X X X X X X Wear resistance package X X X X X X X X Anticorrosive package X X X X X X X X Viscosity improver X X X X X X X X Friction modifier X X X X X X X X Thickener content of AK [% by 6 6 3 3 4.8 4.8 7.2 7.2 wt.] Thickener content of PU [% by 6 6 3 3 7.2 7.2 4.8 4.8 wt.] Production method A X X X X Production method B X X X X Penetration ( 1/10 mm) 290 289 370 390 305 288 301 305 5-1 5-2 6-1 6-2 7-1 8-2 8-1 8-2 Toluene 2,4-/2,6-diisocyanate X X X X X X X X Diphenylmethane 4,4′- X X X X X X X X diisocyanate Benzoic acid X X X X X X X X Oleylamine X X X X X X X X PAO X X X X X X X X Polyoxyaluminum stearate X X X X X X X X p-Phenetidine X X X X X X X X n-Octylamine X X X X X X X X Stearic acid X X X X X X X X Antioxidant package X X X X X X X X Wear resistance package X X X X X X X X Anticorrosive package X X X X X X X X Viscosity improver X X X X X X X X Friction modifier X X X X X X X X Thickener content of AK [% by 6 6 5 5 7.2 7.2 4.8 4.8 wt.] Thickener content of PU [% by 6 6 5 5 4.8 4.8 7.2 7.2 wt.] Production method A X X X X Production method B X X X X Penetration ( 1/10 mm) 335 340 350 350 340 340 310 305 -
TABLE 4 Determination of oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 after 24 h at 100° C., after +24 h at 110° C., and after +24 h at 120° C. 24 h/100° C. 24 h/110° C. 24 h/120° C. Specimen [% by wt.] [% by wt.] [% by wt.] Base grease A 12.76 16.95 21.42 Hybrid 2 5.59 8.74 11.63 Hybrid 3 6.22 8.92 11.33 Hybrid 5 4.78 7.35 9.57 Hybrid 6 8.21 10.78 12.67 Hybrid 7 9.64 13.29 15.95 Hybrid 8 6.41 9.27 11.86 Hybrid 9 4.84 6.79 8.71 -
TABLE 5 Determination of oil separation to ASTM D6184-17 at 130° C. and 150° C. for 30 h each 30 h/130° C. 30 h/150° C. Grease A 1 12.0 27.0 Grease A 2 18.3 — Hybrid 10 7.7 9.4 Hybrid 11 3.4 5.6 Hybrid 12 9.8 8.2 Hybrid 13 7.1 10.1 Hybrid 14 9.8 12.0 Hybrid 15 8.6 10.1 - The following conclusions can be drawn from the results:
- Table 2 shows that the hybrid greases can be produced with a multitude of combinations between a thickener comprising a complex soap on aluminum and a polyurea thickener. Table 3 shows that both the production processes named are suitable for formulating comparable greases. It is possible here to vary both the content of the thickener based on an aluminum complex soap and the content of polyurea thickener with respect to one another and also overall.
- Table 4 and table 5 show from the comparison of the oil separations that hybrid greases based on a combination of a thickener comprising a complex soap on aluminum and a polyurea thickener are superior to the conventional aluminum complex soaps at higher use temperatures.
- While subject matter of the present disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive. Any statement made herein characterizing the invention is also to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive as the invention is defined by the claims. It will be understood that changes and modifications may be made, by those of ordinary skill in the art, within the scope of the following claims, which may include any combination of features from different embodiments described above.
- The terms used in the claims should be construed to have the broadest reasonable interpretation consistent with the foregoing description. For example, the use of the article “a” or “the” in introducing an element should not be interpreted as being exclusive of a plurality of elements. Likewise, the recitation of “or” should be interpreted as being inclusive, such that the recitation of “A or B” is not exclusive of “A and B,” unless it is clear from the context or the foregoing description that only one of A and B is intended. Further, the recitation of “at least one of A, B and C” should be interpreted as one or more of a group of elements consisting of A, B and C, and should not be interpreted as requiring at least one of each of the listed elements A, B and C, regardless of whether A, B and C are related as categories or otherwise. Moreover, the recitation of “A, B and/or C” or “at least one of A, B or C” should be interpreted as including any singular entity from the listed elements, e.g., A, any subset from the listed elements, e.g., A and B, or the entire list of elements A, B and C.
Claims (14)
1. A lubricant grease composition comprising:
a base oil; and
a thickener comprising an aluminum-based complex soap and a polyurea thickener, wherein the lubricant grease is configured for lubrication of surfaces of components in which an upper use temperature of the lubricant grease composition is at least 90° C..
2. A lubricant grease composition comprising:
a base oil; and
a thickener comprising an aluminum-based complex soap and a polyurea thickener, wherein the lubricant grease is configured for lubrication of surfaces of components at a temperature that is at least intermittently at least 90° C..
3. The lubricant grease claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lubricant grease composition has a use temperature range of −60° C..
4. The lubricant grease claimed in claim 1 , wherein a proportion of the polyurea thickener in the lubricant grease composition is 1% by weight to 11% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
5. The lubricant grease claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polyurea thickener is a reaction product of a diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of 2,4- diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, 4,4′—diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, 2,4′-diisocyanatophenyl-methane, 4,4′-diisocyanatodiphenyl, 4,4′-diisocyanato-3,3′-dimethylphenyl, 4,4′-diisocyanato-3,3′-dimethyl-phenylmethane, which may be used individually or in combination, with an amine of the general formula R′2-N—R, or a diamine of the general formula R′2-N—R—NR′2 where R is an aryl, alkyl or alkylene radical having 2 to 22 carbon atoms and R′ is identical or different and is a hydrogen or an alkyl, alkylene or aryl radical, or with mixtures of amines and diamines.
6. The lubricant grease claimed in claim 2 , wherein the lubricant grease is configured for lubrication of surfaces of components when the temperature is maintained for a period of at least 10 minutes.
7. The lubricant grease claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lubricant grease is configured for lubrication of surfaces of plastic-containing friction partners or of a combination of metallic and plastic-containing friction partners in actuators in the automotive sector.
8. The lubricant grease claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lubricant grease composition has an oil separation according to ASTM D 6184-17 (24 h/100° C.) of less than 12% by weight and/or according to ASTM D 6184-17 (24 h/100° C., then 24 h/110° C.) of less than 16% by weight and/or according to ASTM D 6184-17 (24 h/100° C., then 24 h/110° C., then 24 h/120° C.) of less than 20% by weight.
10. The lubricant grease claimed in claim 9 , wherein R is derived from one or more fatty acids selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, and stearic acid.
11. The lubricant grease claimed in claim 1 , wherein the proportion of the aluminum-based complex soap in the lubricant grease composition is from 1% by weight to 11% by weight based on the total weight of the lubricant grease composition.
12. The lubricant grease claimed in claim 1 , wherein the proportion of aluminum-based complex soap and polyurea thickener together is from 2% by weight to 22% by weight, based on the total weight of lubricant grease composition.
13. The lubricant grease claimed in claim 1 , wherein the base oils are polyalphaolefins; or metallocene polyalphaolefins, and naphthenic mineral oils according to the API Group I classification.
14. The lubricant grease claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lubricant grease composition has the following composition:
55% to 96% by weight of base oil,
1% to 11% by weight of polyurea thickener,
1% to 11% by weight of aluminum-based complex soap,
1% to 30% by weight of additives, and
1% to 30% by weight of solid lubricants.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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DE102019134330.5A DE102019134330A1 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2019-12-13 | Use of a grease composition with a high upper service temperature |
DE102019134330.5 | 2019-12-13 | ||
PCT/EP2020/080748 WO2021115685A1 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2020-11-03 | Use of a lubricating grease composition having a high upper use temperature |
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US18/358,987 Division US20230365884A1 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2023-07-26 | Use of a lubricating grease composition having a high upper use temperature |
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US17/783,655 Abandoned US20230035205A1 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2020-11-03 | Use of a lubricating grease composition having a high upper use temperature |
US18/358,987 Pending US20230365884A1 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2023-07-26 | Use of a lubricating grease composition having a high upper use temperature |
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US (2) | US20230035205A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4073213A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2022553512A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20220053619A (en) |
CN (1) | CN114761523A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102019134330A1 (en) |
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CN115926876B (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2024-05-03 | 太原理工大学 | Composite aluminum-based lubricating grease taking layered magnesium borophosphate as solid lubricating additive and preparation method thereof |
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CN107674736A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-02-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of lubricant composition and preparation method thereof |
CN108841430A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of compound urea aluminium-base grease composition and preparation method |
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US3243372A (en) * | 1961-01-24 | 1966-03-29 | Chevron Res | Greases thickened with polyurea |
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JP4809626B2 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2011-11-09 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | Urea-based lubricating grease composition |
JP5086528B2 (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2012-11-28 | Ntn株式会社 | Hub bearing grease and hub bearing |
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JP5109331B2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2012-12-26 | Nokクリューバー株式会社 | Grease composition |
KR100721600B1 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2007-05-23 | 주식회사 한국하우톤 | Composition of grease prodnced from distillated residuum |
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JP5411457B2 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2014-02-12 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | Lubricant composition |
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2019
- 2019-12-13 DE DE102019134330.5A patent/DE102019134330A1/en active Pending
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2020
- 2020-11-03 EP EP20800639.5A patent/EP4073213A1/en active Pending
- 2020-11-03 MX MX2022007096A patent/MX2022007096A/en unknown
- 2020-11-03 US US17/783,655 patent/US20230035205A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-11-03 KR KR1020227009686A patent/KR20220053619A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2020-11-03 JP JP2022521182A patent/JP2022553512A/en active Pending
- 2020-11-03 CN CN202080084177.8A patent/CN114761523A/en active Pending
- 2020-11-03 WO PCT/EP2020/080748 patent/WO2021115685A1/en unknown
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US3514400A (en) * | 1967-07-24 | 1970-05-26 | Chevron Res | Complex aluminum greases of enhanced stability |
CN107674736A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-02-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of lubricant composition and preparation method thereof |
CN108841430A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of compound urea aluminium-base grease composition and preparation method |
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WO2021115685A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
EP4073213A1 (en) | 2022-10-19 |
MX2022007096A (en) | 2022-07-11 |
CN114761523A (en) | 2022-07-15 |
JP2022553512A (en) | 2022-12-23 |
KR20220053619A (en) | 2022-04-29 |
DE102019134330A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
US20230365884A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
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