US20220185028A1 - Winter tire with studs - Google Patents

Winter tire with studs Download PDF

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Publication number
US20220185028A1
US20220185028A1 US17/541,464 US202117541464A US2022185028A1 US 20220185028 A1 US20220185028 A1 US 20220185028A1 US 202117541464 A US202117541464 A US 202117541464A US 2022185028 A1 US2022185028 A1 US 2022185028A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
studs
tire
angle
shoulder region
tread member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US17/541,464
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English (en)
Inventor
Frédéric Michel-Jean Pons
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Original Assignee
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co filed Critical Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
Priority to US17/541,464 priority Critical patent/US20220185028A1/en
Publication of US20220185028A1 publication Critical patent/US20220185028A1/en
Assigned to THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY reassignment THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PONS, FRÉDÉRIC MICHEL-JEAN
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/14—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band
    • B60C11/16—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile
    • B60C11/1631—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile inclined with regard to the radial direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/14—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band
    • B60C11/16—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile
    • B60C11/1625—Arrangements thereof in the tread patterns, e.g. irregular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/14—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band
    • B60C11/16—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile
    • B60C11/1643—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile with special shape of the plug-body portion, i.e. not cylindrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
    • B60C11/14—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band
    • B60C11/16—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile
    • B60C11/1675—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band of plug form, e.g. made from metal, textile with special shape of the plug- tip

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a tire and in particular to a tire that can be used as a winter tire and that comprises studs installed in its tread member.
  • Winter tires may be equipped with studs installed in the tread portion of the tire to allow the tire to better grip an icy or snow covered road surface.
  • Such studs may be at least partially embedded into a stud installation hole provided in the tread member of the tire.
  • the stud may broaden a pin bore and typically is tightly embedded therein so that the stud does not fall out of the stud installation hole due to forces exerted on it during driving, such as those that occur during acceleration and braking as well at forces attributable to lateral and vertical forces received from the road surface while the tire is rotating.
  • the stud may have a body and a stud pin with a tip end protruding out of the body.
  • the body may be fitted into a blind hole formed in the tread member of the tire and thereby be secured to the tread surface.
  • the tip end is the portion of the stud pin that protrudes radially outward from the body.
  • the body may be asymmetrically and/or irregularly shaped as it extends radially outward from the tread member.
  • the tire according to the disclosure wherein at least a part of the studs extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member thereby forming inclined studs.
  • the present disclosure provides for distribution and/or orientation of the inclined studs on a tread member to allow improving the performance of the tire on ice.
  • the disclosure provides for a tire comprising a tread member having a directional tread pattern and which is divided in the tire width direction between a central region placed between a first shoulder region and a second shoulder region, the tire comprising a first plurality of studs installed in the first shoulder region and a second plurality of studs installed in the second shoulder region and a third plurality of studs installed in the central region; each of the studs comprising a body and a stud pin with a tip end protruding out of the body, the body being at least partially embedded in the tread member; wherein at least a part of the third plurality of the studs extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member by a first angle ⁇ in the circumferential direction of the tire; and wherein at least a part of the first and second plurality of studs extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in a
  • the disclosure provides for a tire comprising a tread member which is divided in the tire width direction between a central region placed between a first shoulder region and a second shoulder region, the tire comprising a first plurality of studs installed in the first shoulder region and a second plurality of studs installed in the second shoulder region and a third plurality of studs installed in the central region; wherein each of the studs comprises a body and a stud pin with a tip end protruding out of the body and the tip ends of the stud pins of the first shoulder region and the second shoulder region have an elongated shape, and further wherein at least a part of the first plurality of studs installed in the first shoulder region or at least a part of the second plurality of studs installed in the second shoulder region or a combination of those extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member by an angle ⁇ in the tire width direction, and the angle ⁇ is ranging from 5°
  • the present disclosure provides for a tire comprising a tread member having a directional tread pattern and which is divided in the tire width direction between a central region placed between a first shoulder region and a second shoulder region, the tire comprising a first plurality of studs installed in the first shoulder region and a second plurality of studs installed in the second shoulder region and a third plurality of studs installed in the central region; each of the studs comprising a body and a stud pin with a tip end protruding out of the body, the body being at least partially embedded in the tread member; wherein at least a part of the third plurality of the studs extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member by a first angle ⁇ in the circumferential direction of the tire, wherein the first angle ⁇ is ranging from 5° to 40°, and wherein the tip end size of the third plurality of studs is smaller than the tip end size of the first and second pluralit
  • the studs refer to both inclined studs (i.e. to studs that extend longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member), and to studs that extend longitudinally into the tread member in a direction parallel to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member unless specified otherwise.
  • the tire can be a pneumatic tire or a non-pneumatic tire with the preference being for a pneumatic tire.
  • the stud pins of the first plurality of studs, or the second plurality of studs or the third plurality of the studs or any combination of those are made of tungsten carbide.
  • the first plurality of studs, the second plurality of studs, and the third plurality of studs each have a body with identical construction.
  • the one or more studs are fixedly arranged in order to form an angle relative to the orientation normal to the surface of the tire tread.
  • the third plurality of the studs extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member by a first angle ⁇ in the circumferential direction of the tire, and at least a part of the first and second plurality of studs extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in a direction being different than the third plurality of the studs, and one or more of the following is true:
  • the inclined studs of the first plurality of studs and second plurality of studs are inclined in the circumferential direction according to a first angle ⁇ that is different from the first angle ⁇ of the inclined studs of the third plurality of studs;
  • the inclined studs of the first plurality of studs and second plurality of studs are inclined in the circumferential direction according to a first angle ⁇ that opens in a direction relative to the direction of rotation of the tire that is different than the inclined studs of the third plurality of studs;
  • the inclined studs of the first plurality of studs and second plurality of studs are inclined in the width direction of the tire and the inclined studs of the third plurality of studs are inclined in the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • At least a part of the third plurality of the studs extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member by a first angle ⁇ in the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • at least a part of the third plurality of the studs extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member by a first angle ⁇ in the circumferential direction of the tire, wherein the first angle ⁇ (or the angle ⁇ ) in the tire circumferential direction is ranging from 5° to 40° or from 10° to 40; preferably from 15° to 35°.
  • At least a part of the first plurality of studs or at least a part of the second plurality of studs or a combination of those extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined by the first angle ⁇ in the tire circumferential direction.
  • At least a part of the first plurality of studs and/or at least a part of the second plurality of studs extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined by the first angle ⁇ in the tire circumferential direction, wherein the first angle ⁇ in the tire circumferential direction is ranging from 5° to 40° or from 10° to 40°; preferably from 15 ° to 35°.
  • the tire shows a marking indicative of the direction of rotation of the tire; and the first angle ⁇ opens from the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in the direction of rotation of the tire.
  • the tire shows a marking indicative of the direction of rotation of the tire; and the first angle ⁇ opens from the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in a direction that is reverse to the direction of rotation of the tire.
  • the tire shows a marking indicative of the direction of rotation of the tire; and the studs that are inclined in the circumferential direction according to a first angle ⁇ are distributed in a first group wherein the first angle ⁇ opens from the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in the direction of rotation of the tire and a second group wherein the first angle ⁇ opens from the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in a direction that is reverse to the direction of rotation of the tire.
  • At least a part of the first plurality of studs or at least a part of the second plurality of studs or a combination of those extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined by a second angle ⁇ (or an angle ⁇ ) in the tire width direction.
  • at least a part of the first plurality of studs or at least a part of the second plurality of studs or a combination of those extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined by a second angle ⁇ in the tire width direction, wherein the second angle ⁇ in the tire width direction is ranging from 5° to 40° or from 10° to 40°; preferably from 15° to 35°.
  • At least a part of the first plurality of studs, or at least a part of the second plurality of studs, or a combination of those extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined by a second angle ⁇ in the tire width direction, wherein the first angle ⁇ in the tire circumferential direction is ranging from 5° to 40° or from 10° to 40° degrees; preferably from 15° to 35°.
  • At least a part of the first plurality of studs, or at least a part of the second plurality of studs, or a combination of those, extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined by a second angle ⁇ (or an angle ⁇ ) in the tire width direction, wherein both the first angle ⁇ in the tire circumferential direction and the second angle ⁇ in the tire width direction are ranging from 5 to 40 degrees or from 10° to 40°; preferably from 15° to 35°.
  • the tip ends of the studs of at least one region have an arrowhead shape or an elongated shape, and the at least one region is selected from the central region, the first shoulder region and the second shoulder region.
  • the tip ends of the studs of the central region, the first shoulder region and the second shoulder region have an arrowhead shape; and at least a part of the arrowheads of the studs of the first shoulder region and/or the second shoulder region are pointing in a direction different from the direction of the arrowheads of the studs of the central region.
  • the bottom portion has a tear-drop shape comprising three planar sides and one semi-cylindrical side, or a shape selected from a triangular shape, a quadrangular shape, a pentagonal shape, or a hexagonal shape.
  • the third plurality of studs each has a first orientation
  • the first plurality of studs each has a second orientation rotated relative to the first orientation from +30° to +90° along their longitudinal direction
  • the second plurality of studs each has a third orientation rotated relative to the first orientation from ⁇ 30° to ⁇ 90° along their longitudinal direction.
  • the body comprises a bottom portion and the bottom portion has a tear-drop shape comprising three planar sides and one semi-cylindrical side, or a shape selected from a triangular shape, a quadrangular shape, a pentagonal shape, or a hexagonal shape.
  • the tip ends of the stud pins of the first shoulder region and the second shoulder region have an elongated shape being an arrowhead shape; and at least a part of the arrowheads of the stud pins of the first shoulder region is pointing in a direction different from at least a part of the arrowheads of the stud pins of the second shoulder region.
  • At least one region selected from the central region, the first shoulder region and the second shoulder region shows studs having a tip end with an arrowhead shape or an elongated shape, and a body with a bottom region of a tear-drop shape comprising three planar sides and one semi-cylindrical side, or a bottom region with a shape selected from a triangular shape, a quadrangular shape, a pentagonal shape, or a hexagonal shape.
  • Asymmetric tread means a tread that has a tread pattern not symmetrical about the center plane or the equatorial plane of the tire.
  • “Symmetric tread” means a tread that has a tread pattern symmetrical about the center plane or the equatorial plane of the tire.
  • “Circumferential” means lines or direction extending along the perimeter of the surface of the annular tread perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • Axial means lines or directions that are parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.
  • “Groove” means an elongated void area in a tread that can extend circumferentially or laterally about the tread in a straight, curved or zigzag manner. Circumferentially and laterally extending grooves sometimes have common portions.
  • Thread element or “traction element” means a rib or a block element defined by having a shape adjacent groove.
  • “Lateral edge” means a line tangent to the laterally outermost or innermost tread contact footprint as measured under normal load and tire inflation, the line being parallel to the equatorial center plane.
  • Equatorial center plane means the plane perpendicular to the tire axis of rotation and passing through the center of the tread.
  • Directional Tread Pattern means a tread pattern designed for a specific direction of rotation.
  • FIG. 1 is schematically representing a radial orthographic view of the tread according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is schematically representing a partial cross-sectional view of a tire according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is schematically representing a partial cross-sectional view in the width direction of a tire according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a stud that can be used in the tire according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a stud that can be used in the tire according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a stud that can be used in the tire according to the disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 showing the tread member 1 of a tire with studs ( 9 , 11 , 13 ) at least partially embedded in the said tread member 1 .
  • the tire circumferential direction explained hereafter refers to the rotation direction (both rolling directions) of a tread surface of a studded tire about a tire rotation axis.
  • the radial direction of the tire refers to a direction radiating about a direction extending orthogonally to/from the tire rotation axis.
  • the outer side in the radial direction of the studded tire may refer to the side away from the tire rotation axis in the radial direction of the studded tire.
  • the tire width direction may be a direction parallel to the tire rotational axis, and the outer side in the tire width direction may refer to a direction away from a tire center line of the studded tire.
  • a studded tire according to the present disclosure may include a carcass ply layer, a belt layer, and bead cores, which serve as a frame for the studded tire.
  • the studded tire may further include a tread member, sidewall members, bead filler members, rim cushion members, and an innerliner member, around the frame for the studded tire.
  • the carcass ply layer may be formed in a toroidal shape wound between a pair of circular ring-shaped bead cores and may include rubber-coated organic fiber carcass ply members.
  • the carcass ply layer may be configured from multiple carcass ply members or a single carcass ply member.
  • the belt layer may be provided on the outer side in the tire radial direction of the carcass ply layer, configured in two layers of belt members.
  • the belt layer may be constructed of rubber-coated steel cords arranged at a predetermined angle, such as 20° to 30°, relative to the tire circumferential direction. The inclination direction of the steel cords of the two layers of the belt members may be opposite to each other.
  • the tread member may be disposed on an outer side in the tire radial direction of the belt layer.
  • the sidewall members may be connected to two sides of the tread member to form two sidewalls.
  • the tread member may be configured from two layers of rubber, an upper tread member disposed on an outer side in the tire radial direction and a lower tread member disposed on an inner side in the tire radial direction.
  • the rim cushion members may be disposed at inner sides in the tire radial direction of the sidewall members and come into contact with a rim on which the studded tire may be fitted.
  • a bead filler material may be disposed between a portion of the carcass ply layer before the carcass ply layer is wound around the bead cores and a portion of the carcass ply layer.
  • the innerliner member may be disposed on an inner surface of the studded tire adjacent a tire cavity region that is filled with gas enclosed by the studded tire and the rim.
  • the studded tire may have this tire structure or any other suitable structure, pneumatic and/or non-pneumatic.
  • the tread member shows a tread pattern on its external surface that can be symmetric or asymmetric.
  • the tire has an asymmetric tread pattern.
  • the tread member 1 shows a directional tread pattern and the tire comprises a marking indicative of the direction of rotation of the tire.
  • the tread member 1 shows a directional tread pattern or not, the tread member 1 of the tire according to the disclosure is divided in the tire width direction between a central region 3 placed between a first shoulder region 5 and a second shoulder region 7 . It is preferred that studs are installed in each of the three regions.
  • the tire will therefore comprise a first plurality of studs 9 installed in the first shoulder region 5 and a second plurality of studs 11 installed in the second shoulder region 7 and a third plurality of studs 13 installed in the central region 3 .
  • all the studs of the tire have an identical construction but can be installed differently in the tread member.
  • a part of the studs is installed in the tread member to extend longitudinally in a direction being the normal of the outer surface of the tread member whereas another part of the studs is installed in the tread member to extend longitudinally in a direction that is inclined by comparison to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member, the latter forming a plurality of inclined studs.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 where it can be seen that the inclined studs ( 9 , 11 , 13 ) are inclined relative to the surface of the road 15 on the part that is in contact with the surface of the road 15 .
  • the studs extending in a direction being the normal of the outer surface of the tread member are perpendicular to the surface of the road on the part that is in contact with the surface of the road (not shown).
  • the inclined studs of one or more of the first plurality of studs 9 , the second plurality of studs 11 or the third plurality of studs 13 can extend longitudinally in a direction inclined by a first angle ⁇ in the tire circumferential direction; and/or to a direction inclined by a second angle ⁇ in the tire width direction.
  • At least a part of the first plurality of studs 9 and/or at least a part of the second plurality of studs 11 extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined by the first angle ⁇ in the tire circumferential direction.
  • the first angle ⁇ (or the angle ⁇ ) may range from 5° to 40° or from 10° to 40°; preferably from 15° to 35° degrees; more preferably from 20° to 30°.
  • At least a part of the third plurality of the studs 13 extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member by a first angle ⁇ in the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • the first angle ⁇ may range from 5° to 40° or from 10° to 40; preferably from 15° to 35°; more preferably from 20° to 30°.
  • the inclination of at least a part of the studs ( 9 , 11 , 13 ) in the circumferential direction of the tire improves the grip properties of the tire.
  • the tire shows a marking indicative of the direction of rotation of the tire; and the first angle ⁇ opens from the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in the direction of rotation of the tire. This may allow for increased grip during acceleration.
  • the tire shows a marking indicative of the direction of rotation of the tire; and the first angle ⁇ opens from the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in a direction that is reverse to the direction of rotation of the tire. This may improve the braking performances of the tire.
  • a mix can be made so that the tire shows a marking indicative of the direction of rotation of the tire (indicated by an arrow), and the studs ( 9 , 11 , 13 ) that are inclined in the circumferential direction according to a first angle ⁇ are distributed in a first group wherein the first angle ⁇ opens from the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in the direction of rotation of the tire and a second group wherein the first angle ⁇ opens from the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in a direction that is reverse to the direction of rotation of the tire.
  • each of the first plurality of studs 9 , the second plurality of studs 11 and the third plurality of the studs 13 can comprise studs that are inclined in the circumferential direction of both the first and the second group.
  • the first plurality of studs 9 and the second plurality of studs 11 comprise studs that are inclined in the circumferential direction and belong to the first group and the third plurality of studs 13 comprises studs that are inclined in the circumferential direction and belong to the second group.
  • the first plurality of studs 9 and the second plurality of studs 11 comprises studs that are inclined in the circumferential direction and belong to the second group and the third plurality of studs 13 comprises studs that are inclined in the circumferential direction and belong to the first group.
  • At least 30% of the first plurality of studs 9 and/or of the second plurality of studs 11 are inclined in the tire circumferential direction; for example, at least 50%, for example at least 80%.
  • all the studs of the first plurality of studs 9 and/or all the studs of the second plurality of studs 11 are inclined in the tire circumferential direction.
  • At least 30% of the third plurality of studs 13 are inclined in the tire circumferential direction; for example, at least 50%, for example at least 80%.
  • all the studs of the third plurality of studs 13 are inclined in the tire circumferential direction.
  • at least a part of the first plurality of studs 9 and/or at least a part of the second plurality of studs 11 extends longitudinally in a direction inclined by a second angle ⁇ in the tire width direction.
  • the second angle ⁇ (or the angle ⁇ ) may range from 5° to 40° or from 10° to 40° ; preferably from 15° to 35°; more preferably from 20° to 30°.
  • the second angle ⁇ is an acute angle that is preferably opened to the outer side in the tire width direction. This allows for improving the transversal grip of the tire.
  • the studs ( 9 , 11 , 13 ) inclined in the tire width direction may be inclined in direction of the outer side in the tire width direction.
  • each of the studs ( 9 , 11 , 13 ) include a body and a stud pin with a tip end protruding out of the body, wherein the body includes a bottom portion located at the opposite end of the tip end, the bottom portion is closer to the tire center line of the studded tire than the tip end.
  • the inclination direction of the studs ( 9 , 11 ) of the two shoulder regions may be opposite to each other.
  • At least 30% of the first plurality of studs 9 and/or of the second plurality of studs 11 are inclined in the tire width direction; for example, at least 50%, for example at least 80%.
  • all the studs of the first plurality of studs 9 and/or all the studs of the second plurality of studs 11 are inclined in the tire width direction.
  • at least a part of the first plurality of studs 9 and/or at least a part of the second plurality of studs 11 extends longitudinally in a direction inclined by a first angle ⁇ in the tire circumferential direction.
  • the first angle ⁇ may range from 5° to 40° or from 10° to 40°;
  • the first angle ⁇ used for the inclination of the first plurality of studs 9 and/or of the second plurality of studs 11 may be the same or different from the first angle ⁇ used for the inclination of the third plurality of studs 13 . While it is preferred that the third plurality of the studs 13 extend longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member by a first angle ⁇ in the circumferential direction of the tire, the first plurality of studs 9 and second plurality of studs 11 can be inclined either in the circumferential direction and/or in the width direction.
  • inclined studs of the first plurality of studs 9 and second plurality 11 of studs are inclined in the circumferential direction whereas a second part of the inclined studs is inclined in the width direction.
  • the inclined studs of the first plurality of inclined studs and second plurality of inclined studs are inclined in both the circumferential direction and the width direction.
  • At least a part of the third plurality of the studs 13 extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member by a first angle ⁇ in the circumferential direction of the tire; and at least a part of the first plurality of studs 9 and second plurality of studs 11 extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in a direction being the same or different than the third plurality of the studs 13 ; with preference, in a direction being different than the third plurality of the studs 13 .
  • At least a part of the third plurality of the studs 13 extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member by a first angle ⁇ in the circumferential direction of the tire, and at least a part of the first plurality of studs 9 and second plurality of studs 11 extends longitudinally into the tread member in a direction inclined relative to the normal of the outer surface of the tread member in a direction being different than the third plurality of the studs 13 ;
  • the inclined studs of the first plurality of studs 9 and second plurality of studs 11 are inclined in the circumferential direction according to a first angle ⁇ that is different from the first angle ⁇ of the inclined studs of the third plurality of studs 13 ;
  • the inclined studs of the first plurality of studs 9 and second plurality of studs 11 are inclined in the circumferential direction according to a first angle ⁇ that opens in a direction relative to the direction of rotation of the tire that is different than the inclined studs of the third plurality of studs 13 ;
  • the inclined studs of the first plurality of studs 9 and second plurality of studs 11 are inclined in the width direction of the tire and the inclined studs of the third plurality of studs 13 are inclined in the circumferential direction of the tire.
  • a further improvement may be obtained by the use of studs ( 9 , 11 , 13 ) with oriented and/or elongated tip ends wherein the studs ( 9 , 11 , 13 ) can have a different orientation in a single tread member.
  • the studs ( 9 , 11 , 13 ) can be of any construction, but are preferably with an elongated tip end and/or with a bottom portion that prevents the rotation of the body within the tread member so that the tip ends can be oriented.
  • the studs ( 9 , 11 , 13 ) include a body and a stud pin with a tip end protruding out of the body, for partially inserting into corresponding recesses in the tread member.
  • the body is at least partially embedded inside a stud installation hole in the tread member of the tire in which it is installed.
  • the stud is secured to the tire by side surfaces of the stud installation hole pressing and clamping onto part of the body.
  • the body may include a stump portion, a bottom portion and a shank portion interconnecting the bottom portion and the stump portion.
  • the shank portion has a thinner cross-section compared to the bottom portion and/or to the stump portion.
  • the bottom portion is located at the opposite end of the stump portion and the tip end.
  • the body is formed from the bottom portion, the shank portion, and the stump portion in ascending order.
  • the longitudinal direction of the stud extends longitudinally from the bottom portion to the tip end.
  • the tip end is the portion of the stud pin that protrudes from the tread surface, contacts the road surface, and claws into ice and/or snow.
  • the stud pin and the body may be constructed of the same metallic material or from different metallic materials.
  • the stud pin and the body may be made from aluminum or steel.
  • the stud pin may be made from tungsten carbide and the body may be made from aluminum. If the stud pin and the body are made from different metallic materials, the stud pin may be fixed to the body by pushing and interference fitting a projection of the stud pin into a hole of the stump portion of the body.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 show an external perspective of studs that can be used in the context of the present disclosure for any of the first plurality of studs 9 , the second plurality of studs 11 and/or the third plurality of studs 13 .
  • the studs can be axially symmetric along an axis extending along the length of the stud. Examples of symmetrical studs are described in United States Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0088822 (which has been issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,215,353 B2) and United States Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0227880. The teachings of United States Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0088822, U.S. Pat. No.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates such a symmetrical stud 17 that includes a body 21 and a stud pin with a tip end 19 protruding out of the body 21 for partially inserting into corresponding recesses in the tread member.
  • the body 21 includes a stump portion 23 , a bottom portion 25 , and a shank portion 27 interconnecting the bottom portion and the stump portion.
  • the tip end has a hexagonal cross-section at least in some section.
  • the tip end is flat.
  • the tip end 19 is rounded or pointed.
  • the studs can be axially asymmetric along an axis extending along the length of the stud.
  • An example of an asymmetrical stud is described in United States Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0000807 A1. The teachings of United States Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0000807 A1 are incorporated herein by reference.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates such an asymmetrical stud 29 that includes a body 33 and a stud pin with a tip end 31 protruding out of the body 33 .
  • the body 33 may include a stump portion 35 , a bottom portion 37 , and a shank portion 39 interconnecting the bottom portion and the stump portion.
  • the location of the center of gravity of the stump portion 35 or of the tip end 31 of the stud 29 is laterally offset from the center of gravity of the bottom portion 37 ; or the location of the center of gravity of the tip end 31 is laterally offset from the center of gravity of the stump portion 35 , or the location of the center of gravity of the shank portion 39 is laterally offset from the center of gravity of the bottom portion 37 .
  • the studs can have a bottom portion having a tear-drop shape as disclosed in United States Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0122520 or United States Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0189325 (now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,084,331 B2).
  • the teachings of United States Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0122520, United States Patent Application Publication No. 2020/0189325, and U.S. Pat. No. 11,084,331 B2 are incorporated by reference herein.
  • FIG. 6 shows such a stud 41 that includes a body 45 and a stud pin with a tip end 43 protruding out of the body 45 for partially inserting into corresponding recesses in the tread member.
  • the body 45 may include a stump portion 47 , a bottom portion 49 , and a shank portion 51 interconnecting the bottom portion and the stump portion.
  • the tip end 43 may have a hexagonal-like shape extending outward from an outermost surface of the stump portion 47 of the body 45 .
  • the cross-section of the bottom portion 49 may alternatively be a substantially triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, or hexagonal shape.
  • the bottom portion of the body has a “saucer” configuration such that an inclined surface extends radially inward from vertical sides of the bottom portion away from the tip end such that the inclined surface takes on the tear-drop shape or substantially triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, or hexagonal shape of the bottom portion.
  • the bottom portion 49 may be inserted into a corresponding similarly shaped stud installation hole in the tread member of the tire thereby securing the orientation of the stud 41 and preventing rotation of the stud during use.
  • the stud installation hole may be circular or other suitable shape allowing the bottom portion 49 to be secured against rotation.
  • Each of the studs comprising a body and a stud pin with a tip end protruding out of the body.
  • the tip ends of the studs of at least one region may have an arrowhead shape or an elongated shape, the at least one region being selected from the central region 3 , the first shoulder region 5 and the second shoulder region 7 .
  • the tip ends of the studs of the central region 3 have therefor a given orientation that can be the same or different from the tip ends of the studs of the first shoulder region 5 and/or the second shoulder region 7 .
  • the orientation of the tip ends of the first shoulder region 5 can be the same or different from the orientation of the tip ends of the second shoulder region 7 . For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the third plurality of studs 13 each having a first orientation
  • the first plurality of studs 9 each having a second orientation rotated relative to the first orientation from +30° to +90° along their longitudinal direction, preferably from +45° to +90°
  • the second plurality of studs 11 each having a third orientation rotated relative to the first orientation from ⁇ 30° to ⁇ 90° along their longitudinal direction, and preferably from ⁇ 45° to ⁇ 90°.
  • the tip ends of the studs of the central region 3 , the first shoulder region 5 and the second shoulder region 7 have an arrowhead shape, and all the arrowheads are pointing to the same direction.
  • the tip ends of the studs of the central region 3 , the first shoulder region 5 and the second shoulder region 7 have an arrowhead shape; and at least a part of the arrowheads of the studs of the first shoulder region 5 and/or the second shoulder region 7 are pointing in a direction different from the direction of the arrowheads of the studs of the central region 3 .
  • the first plurality of studs 9 , the second plurality of studs 11 , and the third plurality of studs 13 each have a body with identical construction.
  • the third plurality of studs installed in the central region has a construction that is different from the studs installed in the first shoulder region and the second shoulder region.
  • the first plurality of studs and the second plurality of studs are axially asymmetric along their longitudinal direction whereas the third plurality of studs are axially symmetric along their longitudinal direction, or vice -versa.
  • the tip end size of the third plurality of studs is smaller than the tip end size of the first and second plurality of studs, wherein the size of a tip end is defined by the maximum cross-section of said tip end. Having tip ends of the studs in the shoulders portions that are larger than the tip ends of the studs in the central region allows compensating for lower contact pressure. Since the effectiveness of the studs may depend on ice hardness and the capability of the tip end of the stud pin to penetrate the ice, larger tip ends may perform better than smaller tip ends in “warmer”, relatively soft ice, such as ⁇ 2° C. to ⁇ 5° C.
  • tip ends may perform better than larger tip ends in “colder”, relatively hard ice, such as ⁇ 20° C. to ⁇ 30° C.
  • Dual stud pins types/sizes of studs and tip ends in a single tread member may thereby perform well in both of the soft ice and hard ice circumstances described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
US17/541,464 2020-12-16 2021-12-03 Winter tire with studs Abandoned US20220185028A1 (en)

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US202063126118P 2020-12-16 2020-12-16
US17/541,464 US20220185028A1 (en) 2020-12-16 2021-12-03 Winter tire with studs

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EP (1) EP4015249B1 (de)
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EP1637358A1 (de) * 2003-05-26 2006-03-22 The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. Luftreifen
JP2008284922A (ja) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-27 Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The 空気入りタイヤ
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JP2013091405A (ja) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-16 Bridgestone Corp 空気入りタイヤ
EP3208115A1 (de) * 2014-11-18 2017-08-23 The Yokohama Rubber Company, Limited Luftreifen
EP3357676A1 (de) * 2017-02-06 2018-08-08 Nokian Renkaat Oyj Vorrichtung zum bespiken eines reifens
US20190299720A1 (en) * 2012-12-19 2019-10-03 Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Llc Tire with bi-directional performance

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JPH0452909U (de) * 1990-09-14 1992-05-06
DE102009042720A1 (de) 2009-09-23 2011-04-07 Sitek Spikes Gmbh & Co. Kg Gleitschutzstift
US8215353B2 (en) 2009-10-20 2012-07-10 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Studs for a tire
US20130000807A1 (en) 2011-06-28 2013-01-03 Frederic Michel-Jean Pons Anti-skid stud for insertion into the tread of a vehicle tire and pneumatic tire comprising such anti-skid studs
US20200122520A1 (en) 2018-10-22 2020-04-23 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Winter tire stud
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EP1637358A1 (de) * 2003-05-26 2006-03-22 The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. Luftreifen
JP2008284922A (ja) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-27 Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The 空気入りタイヤ
JP2013067192A (ja) * 2011-09-20 2013-04-18 Bridgestone Corp スパイクタイヤ
JP2013091405A (ja) * 2011-10-25 2013-05-16 Bridgestone Corp 空気入りタイヤ
US20190299720A1 (en) * 2012-12-19 2019-10-03 Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Llc Tire with bi-directional performance
EP3208115A1 (de) * 2014-11-18 2017-08-23 The Yokohama Rubber Company, Limited Luftreifen
EP3357676A1 (de) * 2017-02-06 2018-08-08 Nokian Renkaat Oyj Vorrichtung zum bespiken eines reifens

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EP4015249A1 (de) 2022-06-22
FI4015249T3 (fi) 2023-12-28
CA3141802A1 (en) 2022-06-16

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