US20220135671A1 - Anti-sirp alpha antibodies - Google Patents

Anti-sirp alpha antibodies Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20220135671A1
US20220135671A1 US17/107,334 US202017107334A US2022135671A1 US 20220135671 A1 US20220135671 A1 US 20220135671A1 US 202017107334 A US202017107334 A US 202017107334A US 2022135671 A1 US2022135671 A1 US 2022135671A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
seq
antibody
acid sequence
amino acid
binding fragment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US17/107,334
Inventor
Hans Van Eenennaam
Andrea Van Elsas
Erik VOETS
Paul VINK
David Lutje Hulsik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sairopa BV
Original Assignee
Aduro Biotech Holdings Europe BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NL2018708A external-priority patent/NL2018708B1/en
Application filed by Aduro Biotech Holdings Europe BV filed Critical Aduro Biotech Holdings Europe BV
Priority to US17/107,334 priority Critical patent/US20220135671A1/en
Assigned to SAIROPA B.V. reassignment SAIROPA B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ADURO BIOTECH HOLDINGS, EUROPE B.V.
Priority to US17/576,109 priority patent/US20220135677A1/en
Publication of US20220135671A1 publication Critical patent/US20220135671A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
    • G01N33/57484—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6854—Immunoglobulins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/33—Crossreactivity, e.g. for species or epitope, or lack of said crossreactivity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
    • G01N2333/705—Assays involving receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • G01N2333/70503—Immunoglobulin superfamily, e.g. VCAMs, PECAM, LFA-3

Definitions

  • This application includes an electronically submitted sequence listing in .txt format.
  • the .txt file contains a sequence listing entitled “ABE-0007-CT_SeqListing.txt” created on Nov. 30, 2020, and is 233 kilobytes in size.
  • the sequence listing contained in this .txt file is part of the specification and is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • the present invention relates to anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies, as well as use of these antibodies in the treatment of diseases.
  • SIRP ⁇ Signal regulatory protein alpha
  • SIRP ⁇ is membrane glycoprotein from the SIRP family.
  • SIRP ⁇ has an extended intracellular domain containing four tyrosine residues that form two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), while SIRP ⁇ 1 contains a lysine residue in the transmembrane domain followed by a short intracellular tail lacking ITIMs serving as a receptor for DAP12.
  • ITIMs immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs
  • Eat-me signals are extracellular players specifically produced by and displayed on the surface of apoptotic cells, but not healthy cells, and are key to the initiation of phagocytosis by activating phagocytic receptors and subsequent signaling cascades. Eat-me signals require extracellular trafficking in order to be displayed on apoptotic cells.
  • a particular category of eat-me signals is provided by membrane-anchored proteins such as phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and calreticulin (CRT). Externalized PtdSer binds to its receptors on phagocytes to facilitate clearance of apoptotic cells (a process known as efferocytosis). Likewise, CRT is upregulated on the surface of apoptotic cells and binds to LDL-receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) on the phagocyte thereby mediating engulfment.
  • LRP1 LDL-receptor-related protein 1
  • SIRP ⁇ is broadly expressed on phagocytes (e.g., macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells) and acts as an inhibitory receptor through its interaction with a transmembrane protein CD47. This interaction mediates a response referred to as the “don't eat me” signal. This interaction negatively regulates effector function of innate immune cells such as host cell phagocytosis. As CD47 is often present on tumor cells, this “don't eat me” signal is thought to contribute to the resistance of tumors to phagocyte-dependent clearance.
  • SIRP ⁇ 1 does not bind CD47 at detectable levels and so does not mediate the “don't eat me” signal. Instead, SIRP ⁇ 1 is involved in the activation of myeloid cells.
  • CD47-SIRP ⁇ signalling e.g., by antagonistic monoclonal antibodies that bind to either CD47 or SIRP ⁇
  • Disruption of CD47-SIRP ⁇ signalling reportedly results in enhanced phagocytosis of both solid and hematopoietic tumor cells, including increased phagocytosis of glioblastoma cells in vitro and significant anti-tumor activity in vivo.
  • the invention provides anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof comprising the structural and functional features specified below.
  • the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRP ⁇ comprising one, two, or all three of (i), (ii) and (iii): (i) a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (ii) a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (iii) a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions.
  • the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRP ⁇ comprising one, two, or all three of (i), (ii) and (iii): (i) a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (ii) a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (iii) a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions.
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • the invention also provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRP ⁇ comprising one, two, or all three of (i), (ii) and (iii): (i) a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (ii) a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (iii) a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions.
  • a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions
  • the invention also provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRP ⁇ comprising one, two, or all three of (i), (ii) and (iii): (i) a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (ii) a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (iii) a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions.
  • a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRP ⁇ comprising:
  • the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRP ⁇ comprising:
  • the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRP ⁇ comprising:
  • the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRP ⁇ comprising:
  • sequence similarity is based on the extent of identity combined with the extent of conservative changes.
  • conserve changes and “identity” are considered to be species of the broader term “similarity”.
  • sequence similarity is used it embraces sequence “identity” and “conservative changes”.
  • the conservative changes are disregarded and the percent sequence similarity refers to percent sequence identity.
  • the changes in a sequence permitted by the referenced percent sequence identity are all or nearly all conservative changes; that is, when a sequence is 90% identical, the remaining 10% are all or nearly all conservative changes.
  • the term “nearly all” in this context refers to at least 75% of the permitted sequence changes are conservative changes, more preferably at least 85%, still more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95%.
  • the permitted sequence changes are within the framework regions and not in the CDRs.
  • said antibody has a heavy chain according to SEQ ID NO: 7. Further preferably said antibody has a light chain according to SEQ ID NO: 8. More preferably, the heavy chain is chosen from any of SEQ ID NO: 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 30. More preferably, the light chain is chosen from any of SEQ ID NO: 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, or 32.
  • said antibody has a heavy chain according to SEQ ID NO: 75. Further preferably said antibody has a light chain according to SEQ ID NO: 76. More preferably, the heavy chain is chosen from any of SEQ ID NO: 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88 or 102. More preferably, the light chain is chosen from any of SEQ ID NO: 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100 or 104.
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof may be isolated, as that term is defined herein.
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is a recombinant antibody, as that term is defined herein.
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is a full-length antibody, as that term is defined herein.
  • Antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the present invention may be obtained from a variety of species.
  • the antibodies of the present invention may comprise immunoglobulin sequences which are rabbit, mouse, rat, guinea pig, chicken, goat, sheep, donkey, human, llama or camelid sequences, or combinations of such sequences (so-called chimeric antibodies).
  • the antibodies or antigen binding fragments are human or humanized antibodies or antigen binding fragments.
  • antibody includes antigen-binding portions, i.e., “antigen binding sites,” (e.g., fragments, subsequences, complementarity determining regions (CDRs)) that retain capacity to bind antigen, including (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the V L , V H , C L and C H 1 domains; (ii) a F(ab′)2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fd fragment consisting of the V H and C H 1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment consisting of the V L and V H domains of a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., (1989) Nature 341:544-546), which consists of a VH domain; and (vi) an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR).
  • antigen binding sites e.g.,
  • Single chain antibodies are also included by reference in the term “antibody.”
  • Preferred therapeutic antibodies are intact IgG antibodies.
  • the term “intact IgG” as used herein is meant as a polypeptide belonging to the class of antibodies that are substantially encoded by a recognized immunoglobulin gamma gene. In humans this class comprises IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. In mice this class comprises IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3.
  • the known Ig domains in the IgG class of antibodies are V H , C ⁇ 1, C ⁇ 2, C ⁇ 3, V L , and C L .
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is a human or humanized antibody comprising two heavy chains and two light chains.
  • the antibody is an IgG.
  • antibody is an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4, and preferably a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4.
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the invention can comprise any of the light chain variable regions described above and a human kappa or lambda light chain constant domain and an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 heavy chain constant domain.
  • Exemplary light (kappa) and heavy (IgG2 and IgG4) constant region sequences which may be used in accordance with the invention are recited in SEQ ID NOs: 63, 65, 67 (each a nucleotide sequence), 64, 66, and 68 (each a polypeptide sequence).
  • such antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises one of the following combinations of heavy chain sequence/light chain variable region sequences:
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 10 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 20, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 16 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 28, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 18 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 20, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 90, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 92, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 96, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody of the invention comprises a full length antibody structure having two light chains and two heavy chains as recited above, wherein each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1 constant region.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody of the invention comprises a full length antibody structure having two light chains and two heavy chains as recited above, wherein each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG2 constant region.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody of the invention comprises a full-length antibody structure having two light chains and two heavy chains as recited above, wherein each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG4 constant region.
  • the antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the present invention have one, two, three, four, or more, and preferably each of, the following functional characteristics:
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the invention do not appreciably bind to one or both of SIRP ⁇ V1(P74A) and SIRP ⁇ 1 protein at an antibody concentration of 100 nM or alternatively at an antibody concentration that is 200-fold greater than the antibody's EC 50 for SIRP ⁇ V1 or SIRP ⁇ V2, while binding to a cell expressing human SIRP ⁇ V1 protein with an EC 50 ⁇ 10 nM.
  • each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4constant region.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the invention can be conjugated to at least one therapeutic agent.
  • the therapeutic agent is a second antibody or fragment thereof, an immunomodulator, a hormone, a cytotoxic agent, an enzyme, a radionuclide, or a second antibody conjugated to at least one immunomodulator, enzyme, radioactive label, hormone, antisense oligonucleotide, or cytotoxic agent, or a combination thereof.
  • the invention also provides isolated polypeptides comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 30, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32 or a fragment of any said sequences, or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the invention also provides isolated nucleic acids encoding anyone of the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the invention.
  • the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid which encodes an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 82 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 84 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 83 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 86 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 85 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid which encodes an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 92 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 94 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 96 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 95 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 97 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 104 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • the isolated nucleic acids of the present invention can optionally comprise a leader sequence.
  • nucleic acids can comprise one or more of the following nucleic acid sequences:
  • the nucleic acid can encode a human or humanized antibody, and includes nucleic acid sequences for both heavy and light chains.
  • the antibody is an IgG.
  • antibody is an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4, and preferably a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4.
  • the light chain sequence comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain sequence; and each heavy chain sequence comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region sequence.
  • nucleic acids comprise the following combination heavy chain and light chain variable region nucleic acid sequences:
  • the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 19 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 27 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 17 and SEQ ID NO: 19 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 89 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 91 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 95 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • the invention also provides expression vectors comprising one or more nucleic acids of the present invention.
  • An expression vector is a DNA molecule comprising the regulatory elements necessary for transcription of a target nucleic acid in a host cell.
  • the target nucleic acid is placed under the control of certain regulatory elements including constitutive or inducible promoters, tissue-specific regulatory elements, and enhancer elements.
  • Such a target nucleic acid is said to be “operably linked to” the regulatory elements when the regulating element controls the expression of the gene.
  • nucleic acids and the expression vectors comprising them may be used to express the antibodies of the invention or antigen binding fragments thereof in recombinant host cells.
  • the invention also provides host cells comprising an expression vector of the present invention.
  • Such expression vectors can comprise one or more of the following nucleic acid sequences operably linked to regulatory elements:
  • the expression vector comprises nucleic acid sequences encoding both a heavy chain sequence and a light chain sequence of an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody of the present invention.
  • expression vectors comprise the following combination heavy chain and light chain variable region nucleic acid sequences:
  • the expression vector can encode for expression a human or humanized antibody, and includes nucleic acid sequences for both heavy and light chains.
  • the antibody is an IgG.
  • antibody is an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4, and preferably a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4.
  • the light chain sequence comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain sequence; and each heavy chain sequence comprises a human IgG4 constant region sequence.
  • the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 9 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 19, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 15 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 27, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 17 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 19, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 89, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 91, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 95, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • the host cell is Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell.
  • the host cell is a mammalian cell (e.g., a human cell such as an HEK293 cell, a hamster cell such as a CHO cell, etc.), a bacterial cell (e.g., an E. coli cell) a yeast cell (e.g., a Pichia pastoris cell, etc.), a plant cell (e.g., a Nicotiana benthamiana cell), etc.
  • Mammalian cells are preferred due to glycosylation patterns that are most favorable.
  • the invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • the composition comprises one or more further therapeutic agents.
  • the further therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: an anti-CD27 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-LAG3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-APRIL antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIGIT antibody or antigen biding fragment thereof; an anti-VISTA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-BTLA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIM3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CTLA4 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-HVEM antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD70 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD137 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-OX40 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD28 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; thereof; an anti-PD1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL1 antibody or an anti
  • the invention also comprises a combination comprising an antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention and a second antibody that induces ADCC, wherein said antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention enhances the antibody-mediated destruction of cells by the second antibody.
  • Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby an effector cell of the immune system actively lyses a target cell, whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies.
  • ADCC is often thought of as being mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, but dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, and granulocytes can also mediate ADCC.
  • the invention also comprises a combination comprising an antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention and a second antibody that induces ADCP, wherein said antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention enhances the antibody-mediated phagocytosis of cells by the second antibody.
  • Antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby target cells are killed via granulocyte, monocyte, dendritic cell, or macrophage-mediated phagocytosis.
  • NK cells play a major role in cancer immunotherapies that involve tumor-antigen targeting by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).
  • mAbs monoclonal antibodies
  • NK cells can be “specifically activated” through certain Fc receptors that are expressed on their cell surface.
  • NK cells can express Fc ⁇ RIIIA and/or Fc ⁇ RIIC, which can bind to the Fc portion of immunoglobulins, transmitting activating signals within NK cells. Once activated through Fc receptors by antibodies bound to target cells, NK cells are able to lyse target cells without priming, and secrete cytokines like interferon gamma to recruit adaptive immune cells.
  • tumor-associated macrophages express surface receptors that bind the Fc fragment of antibodies and enable them to engage in Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity/phagocytosis (ADCC/ADCP).
  • ADCC/ADCP Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity/phagocytosis
  • ADCC/ADCP as a mode of action may be utilized in the treatment of various cancers and infectious diseases.
  • An exemplary list of ADCC/ADCP-inducing antibodies and antibody conjugates that can be combined with the antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, ADCT-502, Hu14.18K322A, Hu3F8, Dinituximab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, Rituximab-RLI, c.60C3-RLI, Hu14.18-IL2, KM2812, AFM13, and (CD20) 2 xCD16, erlotinib (Tarceva), daratumumab, alemtuzumab, pertuzumab, brentuximab, elotuzumab, ibri
  • An exemplary list of target antigens for such ADCC/ADCP-inducing antibodies includes, but is not limited to, AMHR2, AXL, BCMA, CA IX, CD4, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD52, CD98, CSF1R, GD2, CCR4, CS1, EpCam, EGFR, EGFRvIII, Endoglin, EPHA2, EphA3, FGFR2b, folate receptor alpha, fucosyl-GM1, HER2, HERS, IL1RAP, kappa myeloma antigen, MS4A1, prolactin receptor, TA-MUC1, and PSMA.
  • the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof induces ADCP.
  • such antibodies may be selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, alemtuzumab, ibritumomab, farletuzumab, inebilizumab, lumretuzumab, 4G7SDIE, BMS-986012, BVX-20, mogamulizumab, ChiLob-7/4, GM102, GSK-2857916, PankoMab-GEX, chKM-4927, MDX-1097, MOR202, and MOR-208.
  • the antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the present invention are combined with one or more ADCC/ADCP-inducing antibodies and antibody conjugates, such combinations may also be used optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • the further therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: an anti-LAG3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-APRIL antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIGIT antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-VISTA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-BTLA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIM3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CTLA4 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-HVEM antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD70 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD137 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-OX40 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD28 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; thereof; an anti-PD1
  • the invention also provides a vessel or injection device comprising anyone of the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the invention.
  • the invention also provides a method of producing an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention comprising: culturing a host cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding a heavy chain and/or light chain of an antibody of the invention (or an antigen binding fragment thereof) under conditions favorable to expression of the polynucleotide; and optionally, recovering the antibody or antigen binding fragment from the host cell and/or culture medium.
  • the polynucleotide encoding the heavy chain and the polynucleotide encoding the light chain are in a single vector.
  • the polynucleotide encoding the heavy chain and the polynucleotide encoding the light chain are in different vectors.
  • the invention also provides a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • the subject to be treated is a human subject.
  • the further therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: an anti-LAG3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-APRIL antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an an anti-TIGIT antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-VISTA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-BTLA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIM3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CTLA4 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-HVEM antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD70 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD137 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-OX40 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD28 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; thereof; an anti-PD1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL2 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an antigen binding fragment thereof;
  • the invention also provides a method of treating an infection or infectious disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • the subject to be treated is a human subject.
  • the further therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: an anti-LAG3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-APRIL antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an an anti-TIGIT antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-VISTA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-B TLA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIM3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CTLA4 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-HVEM antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD70 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD137 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-OX40 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD28 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; thereof; an anti-PD1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL2 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-GITR antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-APRI
  • the invention also provides a method for detecting the presence of a SIRP ⁇ peptide or a fragment thereof in a sample comprising contacting the sample with an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the invention and detecting the presence of a complex between the antibody or fragment and the peptide; wherein detection of the complex indicates the presence of the SIRP ⁇ peptide.
  • FIG. 1 depicts cross-reactivity of commercially available anti-hSIRP ⁇ antibodies with hSIRP ⁇ 1 and allele-specific binding to hSIRP ⁇ V1 and hSIRP ⁇ V2.
  • FIG. 2 depicts reactivity of KWAR23 antibody with hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, and hSIRP ⁇ .
  • FIG. 3 depicts reactivity of antibody clone hSIRP ⁇ .50A for various hSIRP ⁇ alleles.
  • FIG. 4 depicts the ability of hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody to block recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein binding to cell surface expressed hSIRP ⁇ .
  • FIG. 5A depicts binding of hSIRP?.50A antibody to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a human donor.
  • FIG. 5B depicts binding of hSIRP?.50A antibody to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a second human donor.
  • FIG. 5C depicts the ability of hSIRP?.50A antibody to block hCD47 binding to to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a human donor.
  • FIG. 5D depicts the ability of hSIRP?.50A antibody to block hCD47 binding to to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a second human donor.
  • FIG. 6A depicts binding of hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody to primary human granulocytes.
  • FIG. 6B depicts phagocytosis of tumor cells by primary human granulocytes in the presence of rituximab plus or minus the hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody.
  • FIG. 6C depicts phagocytosis of tumor cells by primary human granulocytes in the presence of daratumumab plus or minus the hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody.
  • FIG. 6D depicts phagocytosis of tumor cells by primary human granulocytes in the presence of alemtuzumab plus or minus the hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody.
  • FIG. 6E depicts phagocytosis of tumor cells by primary human granulocytes in the presence of cetuximab plus or minus the hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody.
  • FIG. 7 depicts phagocytosis of tumor cells by human macrophages in the presence of the indicated antibody (rituximab or daratumumab) plus or minus the hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody.
  • FIG. 8 depicts blocking of the hSIRP ⁇ /hCD47 interaction bymouse hSIRP ⁇ .50A and humanized hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibodies to hSIRP ⁇ .
  • FIG. 9 depicts depicts hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody binding to hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, hSIRP ⁇ -V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , hSIRP ⁇ -VaC1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , and hSIRP ⁇ -VaC1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ .
  • FIG. 10A depicts an alignment of the hSIRP ⁇ and hSIRP ⁇ 1 IgV domain amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 133-135).
  • FIG. 10B depicts loss of hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody binding to hSIRP ⁇ V1(P74A).
  • FIG. 11 depicts binding of hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibodies to hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, hSIRP ⁇ L, and hSIRP ⁇ .
  • FIG. 12 depicts binding of hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibodies to hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ V3, hSIRP ⁇ V4, hSIRP ⁇ V5, hSIRP ⁇ V6, hSIRP ⁇ V8, and hSIRP ⁇ V9.
  • FIG. 13 depicts the ability of hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibodies to block recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein binding to cell surface expressed hSIRP ⁇ .
  • FIG. 14A depicts binding of hSIRP?.40A antibody to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a human donor.
  • FIG. 14B depicts binding of hSIRP?.40A antibody to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a second human donor.
  • FIG. 14C depicts the ability of hSIRP?.40A antibody to block hCD47 binding to to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a human donor.
  • FIG. 14D depicts the ability of hSIRP?.40A antibody to block hCD47 binding to to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a second human donor.
  • FIG. 15A depicts binding of hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibodies to primary human granulocytes.
  • FIG. 15B depicts phagocytosis of Ramos cells by primary human granulocytes in the presence of rituximab plus or minus the hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibodies.
  • FIG. 16 depicts enhancement of rituximab-induced Raji cell phagocytosis by hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibodies.
  • FIG. 17 depicts binding of mouse hSIRP ⁇ .40A and humanized hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibodies to hSIRP ⁇ .
  • FIG. 18 depicts the blockade of hCD47 binding to hSIRP ⁇ in the presence of humanized hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody variants.
  • FIG. 19 depicts binding of hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibodies to hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, hSIRP-V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , hSIRP-V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , and hSIRP-V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ .
  • FIG. 20 depicts loss of hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody binding to hSIRP ⁇ V1(P74A).
  • FIG. 21 depicts the ability of chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 22 depicts the ability of humanized hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 23A depicts the ability of mouse hSIRP ⁇ .50A and chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A hIgG2 and hIgG4 antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 23B depicts the ability of chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A hIgG2 and hIgG4 antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 23C depicts the ability of chimerichSIRP ⁇ .50A hIgG2 and hIgG4 antibody variants to affect daratumumab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 23D depicts the ability of mouse hSIRP ⁇ .50A and chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A hIgG2 antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis in granulocytes.
  • FIG. 24A depicts the ability of mouse hSIRP ⁇ .50A and chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG1.N297Q, hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG4.N297Q or hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG2 antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 24B depicts the ability of mouse hSIRP ⁇ .50A and chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG 1.N297Q, hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG4.N297Q or hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG2 antibody variants to affect daratumumab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 25 depicts the ability of chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG1.N297Q, hSIRP ⁇ .50A hIgG1.L234A.L235A.P329G, and hSIRP ⁇ .50A hIgG2 or hIgG4 antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • administering refers to contact of an exogenous pharmaceutical, therapeutic, diagnostic agent, or composition to the animal, human, subject, cell, tissue, organ, or biological fluid.
  • Treatment of a cell encompasses contact of a reagent to the cell, as well as contact of a reagent to a fluid, where the fluid is in contact with the cell.
  • administering and “treatment” also means in vitro and ex vivo treatments, e.g., of a cell, by a reagent, diagnostic, binding compound, or by another cell.
  • Treat” or “treating” means to administer a therapeutic agent, such as a composition containing any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments of the present invention, internally or externally to a subject or patient having one or more disease symptoms, or being suspected of having a disease, for which the agent has therapeutic activity.
  • the agent is administered in an amount effective to alleviate one or more disease symptoms in the treated subject or population, whether by inducing the regression of or inhibiting the progression of such symptom(s) by any clinically measurable degree.
  • the amount of a therapeutic agent that is effective to alleviate any particular disease symptom may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, and weight of the patient, and the ability of the drug to elicit a desired response in the subject. Whether a disease symptom has been alleviated can be assessed by any clinical measurement typically used by physicians or other skilled healthcare providers to assess the severity or progression status of that symptom.
  • Recombinant expression of a protein means the transcription and translation of an exogenous gene in a host organism to generate the protein, which is referred to herein as a “recombinant protein.”
  • SIRP ⁇ belongs to a class of membrane proteins known as “paired receptors” that contain several genes coding for proteins (e.g., SIRP ⁇ , SIRP ⁇ 1, and SIRP ⁇ ) with similar extracellular regions but different transmembrane and/or cytoplasmic regions having opposite (activating or inhibitory) signaling abilities.
  • paired receptors there are several examples of paired receptors on NK cells and some on myeloid cells, including the SIRP and CD200 receptor families (Hatherley et al., Mol Cell. 2008; 31: 266-277).
  • SIRP ⁇ contains an extracellular region that can be subdivided into three separate domains: the Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) V-type (IgV), Ig-like C1-type (IgC1), and Ig-like C2-type (IgC2) domain.
  • the IgV domain is also known as the ligand-binding N-terminal domain of SIRP ⁇ .
  • SIRP ⁇ also the related proteins SIRP ⁇ 1 and SIRP ⁇ comprise an extracellular region that can be subdivided into an IgV, IgC1, and IgC2 domain.
  • SIRP ⁇ , SIRP ⁇ 1 and SIRP ⁇ have different cytoplasmic regions.
  • SIRP ⁇ 1 has a very short cytoplasmic region of only 6 amino acids and lacks signalling motifs for association with phosphatases. Instead, this protein associates with DNAX activation protein 12 (DAP12), a dimeric adaptor protein that binds an amino acid with a basic side chain in the transmembrane region of SIRP ⁇ 1 and is able to transmit activating signals through its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM).
  • SIRP ⁇ also has a short cytoplasmic region of 4 amino acids, but it lacks a charged amino-acid side chain in the transmembrane region and therefore does not associate with DAP12. Hence, SIRP ⁇ is annotated as a non-signalling protein (Barclay, A. N. and Brown, M. H., Nat Rev Immunol. 2006; 6: 457-464).
  • CD47 The major ligand of SIRP ⁇ is CD47, which consists of one extracellular IgV domain, a five times transmembrane-spanning domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. CD47 functions as a cellular ligand with binding mediated through the NH2-terminal IgV domain of SIRP ⁇ .
  • Evidence that CD47 contributes to recognition of self comes from the observation that splenic macrophages derived from CD47-expressing mice clear infused blood cells from CD47 ⁇ / ⁇ mice (Oldenborg et al., Science. 2000; 288: 2051-2054).
  • SIRP ⁇ ligands have been reported, known as surfactant proteins A and D (Sp-A and Sp-D), both of which belong to the collectin family.
  • Sp-D has been reported to bind to the membrane-proximal IgC2 domain of SIRP ⁇ in a calcium- and saccharide-dependent manner. It is thought that Sp-A and Sp-D help maintain an anti-inflammatory environment in the lung by stimulating SIRP ⁇ on alveolar macrophages (Gardai et al., Cell. 2003; 115: 13-23).
  • amino acid sequence of eight human SIRP ⁇ variants are listed in SEQ ID NOs: 34, 36, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, and 54; exemplary nucleic acid sequences encoding these variants are listed in SEQ ID NOs: 33, 35, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, and 53, respectively.
  • amino acid sequence of human SIRP ⁇ 1 and SIRP ⁇ are listed in SEQ ID NOs: 38 and 40, respectively, and exemplary nucleic acid sequences in SEQ ID NOs: 37 and 39, respectively.
  • amino acid sequence of human CD47 is listed in SEQ ID NO: 42, and an exemplary nucleic acid sequence in SEQ ID NO: 41.
  • Modified SIRP ⁇ polypeptides hSIRP ⁇ -V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , hSIRP ⁇ -VaC1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , hSIRP ⁇ -V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , and hSIRP ⁇ V1(P74A) discussed hereinafter are listed in SEQ IDNOs: 56, 58, 60, and 62; exemplary nucleic acid sequences encoding these variants are listed in SEQ ID NOs: 55, 57, 59, and 61, respectively.
  • the present invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that bind human SIRP ⁇ and uses of such antibodies or fragments.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies are isolated.
  • Whether an antibody specifically binds to a polypeptide sequence can be determined using any assay known in the art.
  • assays known in the art to determining binding affinity include surface plasmon resonance (e.g., BIACORE) or a similar technique (e.g. KinExa or OCTET).
  • antibody refers to any form of antibody that exhibits the desired biological activity.
  • the term antibody includes antigen-binding portions, i.e., “antigen binding sites,” (e.g., fragments, subsequences, complementarity determining regions (CDRs)) that retain capacity to bind antigen, including (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the V L , V H , C L and C H 1 domains; (ii) a F(ab′)2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fd fragment consisting of the V H and C H 1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment consisting of the V L and V H domains of a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., (1989) Nature 341:544-546), which consists of a VH domain; and
  • antigen binding sites
  • Single chain antibodies are also included by reference in the term “antibody.”
  • Preferred therapeutic antibodies are intact IgG antibodies.
  • the term “intact IgG” as used herein is meant as a polypeptide belonging to the class of antibodies that are substantially encoded by a recognized immunoglobulin gamma gene. In humans this class comprises IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. In mice this class comprises IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3.
  • the known Ig domains in the IgG class of antibodies are V H , C ⁇ 1, C ⁇ 2, C ⁇ 3, V L , and C L .
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ antigen-binding fragments and methods of use thereof.
  • a “full length antibody” is, in the case of an IgG, a bivalent molecule comprising two heavy chains and two light chains. Each heavy chain comprises a V H domain followed by a constant domain (C H1 ), a hinge region, and two more constant (C H2 and C H3 ) domains; while each light chain comprises one V L domain and one constant (C L ) domain.
  • a full length antibody in the case of an IgM is a decavalent or dodecavalent molecule comprising 5 or 6 linked immunoglobulins in which immunoglobulin each monomer has two antigen binding sites formed of a heavy and light chain.
  • antibody fragment or “antigen-binding fragment” refers to antigen-binding fragments of antibodies, i.e. antibody fragments that retain the ability to bind specifically to the antigen bound by the full-length antibody, e.g. fragments that retain one or more CDR regions.
  • antigen-binding fragments include, but are not limited to, Fab, Fab′, F(ab′) 2 , and Fv fragments; diabodies; linear antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules, e.g., sc-Fv; nanobodies and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ Fab fragments and methods of use thereof.
  • a “Fab fragment” is comprised of one light chain and the C H 1 and variable regions of one heavy chain. The heavy chain of a Fab molecule cannot form a disulfide bond with another heavy chain molecule.
  • a “Fab fragment” can be the product of papain cleavage of an antibody.
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof which comprise an Fc region and methods of use thereof.
  • An “Fc” region contains two heavy chain fragments comprising the C H 3 and C H 2 domains of an antibody. The two heavy chain fragments are held together by two or more disulfide bonds and by hydrophobic interactions of the C H 3 domains.
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ Fab′ fragments and methods of use thereof.
  • a “Fab′ fragment” contains one light chain and a portion or fragment of one heavy chain that contains the VH domain and the C H 1 domain and also the region between the C H 1 and C H 2 domains, such that an interchain disulfide bond can be formed between the two heavy chains of two Fab′ fragments to form a F(ab′) 2 molecule.
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ F(ab′) 2 fragments and methods of use thereof.
  • a “F(ab′) 2 fragment” contains two light chains and two heavy chains containing a portion of the constant region between the C H1 and C H2 domains, such that an interchain disulfide bond is formed between the two heavy chains.
  • a F(ab′) 2 fragment thus is composed of two Fab′ fragments that are held together by a disulfide bond between the two heavy chains.
  • An “F(ab′) 2 fragment” can be the product of pepsin cleavage of an antibody.
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ Fv fragments and methods of use thereof.
  • the “Fv region” comprises the variable regions from both the heavy and light chains, but lacks the constant regions.
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ scFv fragments and methods of use thereof.
  • the term “single-chain Fv” or “scFv” antibody refers to antibody fragments comprising the V H and V L domains of an antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain.
  • the Fv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the V H and V L domains which enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen-binding.
  • scFv see Pluckthun (1994) T HE P HARMACOLOGY OF M ONOCLONAL A NTIBODIES, vol. 113, Rosenburg and Moore eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315. See also, International Patent Application Publication No. WO 88/01649 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,946, 778 and 5,260,203.
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ domain antibodies and methods of use thereof.
  • a “domain antibody” is an immunologically functional immunoglobulin fragment containing only the variable region of a heavy chain or the variable region of a light chain.
  • two or more V H regions are covalently joined with a peptide linker to create a bivalent domain antibody.
  • the two V H regions of a bivalent domain antibody may target the same or different antigens.
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ bivalent antibodies and methods of use thereof.
  • a “bivalent antibody” comprises two antigen-binding sites. In some instances, the two binding sites have the same antigen specificities. However, bivalent antibodies may be bispecific (see below).
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ diabodies and methods of use thereof.
  • diabodies refers to small antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites, which fragments comprise a heavy chain variable domain (V H ) connected to a light chain variable domain (V L ) in the same polypeptide chain (V H -V L or V L -V H ).
  • V H heavy chain variable domain
  • V L light chain variable domain
  • the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of another chain and create two antigen-binding sites.
  • Diabodies are described more fully in, e.g., EP 404,097; WO 93/11161; and Holliger et al. (1993) Proc.
  • an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention which is modified in some way retains at least 10% of its binding activity (when compared to the parental antibody) when that activity is expressed on a molar basis.
  • an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention retains at least 20%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% or more of the SIRP ⁇ binding affinity as the parental antibody.
  • an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention can include conservative or non-conservative amino acid substitutions (referred to as “conservative variants” or “function conserved variants” of the antibody) that do not substantially alter its biologic activity.
  • the present invention includes isolated anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof and methods of use thereof.
  • isolated is not intended to refer to a complete absence of such biological molecules or to an absence of water, buffers, or salts or to components of a pharmaceutical formulation that includes the antibodies or fragments.
  • An “isolated” antibody, antigen-binding fragment, nucleic acid, etc., is one which has been identified and separated and/or recovered from one or more components of its natural environment.
  • the antibody, antigen-binding fragment, nucleic acid, etc. is purified to 75% by weight or more, more preferably to 90% by weight or more, still more preferably to 95% by weight or more, an still more preferably to 98% by weight or more.
  • isolated biological molecules are at least partially free of other biological molecules from the cells or cell cultures in which they are produced. Such biological molecules include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, or other material such as cellular debris and growth medium.
  • An isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment may further be at least partially free of expression system components such as biological molecules from a host cell or of the growth medium thereof.
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ chimeric antibodies (e.g., human constant domain/mouse variable domain) and methods of use thereof.
  • a “chimeric antibody” is an antibody having the variable domain from a first antibody and the constant domain from a second antibody, where the first and second antibodies are from different species.
  • variable domains are obtained from an antibody from an experimental animal (the “parental antibody”), such as a rodent, and the constant domain sequences are obtained from human antibodies, so that the resulting chimeric antibody will be less likely to elicit an adverse immune response in a human subject than the parental (e.g., mouse) antibody.
  • parental antibody an antibody from an experimental animal
  • the constant domain sequences are obtained from human antibodies, so that the resulting chimeric antibody will be less likely to elicit an adverse immune response in a human subject than the parental (e.g., mouse) antibody.
  • the present invention includes anti-SIRP ⁇ humanized antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof (e.g., rat or mouse antibodies that have been humanized) and methods of use thereof.
  • humanized antibody refers to forms of antibodies that contain sequences from both human and non-human (e.g., mouse or rat) antibodies.
  • the humanized antibody will comprise substantially of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the hypervariable loops correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin, and all or substantially all of the framework (FR) regions are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence.
  • the humanized antibody may optionally comprise at least a portion of a human immunoglobulin constant region (Fc).
  • the basic antibody structural unit comprises a tetramer.
  • Each tetramer includes two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one “light” (about 25 kDa) and one “heavy” chain (about 50-70 kDa).
  • the amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids primarily responsible for antigen recognition.
  • the carboxy-terminal portion of the heavy chain may define a constant region primarily responsible for effector function.
  • human light chains are classified as kappa and lambda light chains.
  • human heavy chains are typically classified as mu, delta, gamma, alpha, or epsilon, and define the antibody's isotype as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE, respectively.
  • the variable and constant regions are joined by a “J” region of about 12 or more amino acids, with the heavy chain also including a “D” region of about 10 more amino acids. See generally, Fundamental Immunology Ch. 7 (Paul, W., ed., 2nd ed. Raven Press, N.Y. (1989).
  • variable regions of each light/heavy chain pair form the antibody binding site.
  • an intact antibody has two binding sites.
  • the two binding sites are, in general, the same.
  • variable domains of both the heavy and light chains comprise three hypervariable regions, also called complementarity determining regions (CDRs), located within relatively conserved framework regions (FR).
  • CDRs complementarity determining regions
  • FR framework regions
  • the CDRs are usually aligned by the framework regions, enabling binding to a specific epitope.
  • both light and heavy chains variable domains comprise FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3 and FR4.
  • the assignment of amino acids to each domain is, generally, in accordance with the definitions of Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Kabat, et al.; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.; 5 th ed.; NIH Publ. No.
  • hypervariable region refers to the amino acid residues of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that are responsible for antigen-binding.
  • the hypervariable region comprises amino acid residues from a “complementarity determining region” or “CDR” (i.e. CDRL1, CDRL2 and CDRL3 in the light chain variable domain and CDRH1, CDRH2 and CDRH3 in the heavy chain variable domain).
  • CDR complementarity determining region
  • isolated nucleic acid molecule or “isolated polynucleotide” means a DNA or RNA of genomic, mRNA, cDNA, or synthetic origin or some combination thereof which is not associated with all or a portion of a polynucleotide in which the isolated polynucleotide is found in nature, or is linked to a polynucleotide to which it is not linked in nature.
  • a nucleic acid molecule comprising a particular nucleotide sequence does not encompass intact chromosomes.
  • Isolated nucleic acid molecules “comprising” specified nucleic acid sequences may include, in addition to the specified sequences, coding sequences for up to ten or even up to twenty or more other proteins or portions or fragments thereof, or may include operably linked regulatory sequences that control expression of the coding region of the recited nucleic acid sequences, and/or may include vector sequences.
  • control sequences refers to DNA sequences necessary for the expression of an operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism.
  • the control sequences that are suitable for prokaryotes include a promoter, optionally an operator sequence, and a ribosome binding site.
  • Eukaryotic cells are known to use promoters, polyadenylation signals, and enhancers.
  • a nucleic acid or polynucleotide is “operably linked” when it is placed into a functional relationship with another nucleic acid sequence.
  • DNA for a presequence or secretory leader is operably linked to DNA for a polypeptide if it is expressed as a preprotein that participates in the secretion of the polypeptide;
  • a promoter or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence; or a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to facilitate translation.
  • operably linked means that the DNA sequences being linked are contiguous, and, in the case of a secretory leader, contiguous and in reading phase. However, enhancers do not have to be contiguous. Linking is accomplished by ligation at convenient restriction sites. If such sites do not exist, the synthetic oligonucleotide adaptors or linkers are used in accordance with conventional practice.
  • the expressions “cell,” “cell line,” and “cell culture” are used interchangeably and all such designations include progeny.
  • the words “transformants” and “transformed cells” include the primary subject cell and cultures derived therefrom without regard for the number of transfers. It is also understood that not all progeny will have precisely identical DNA content, due to deliberate or inadvertent mutations. Mutant progeny that have the same function or biological activity as screened for in the originally transformed cell are included. Where distinct designations are intended, it will be clear from the context.
  • germline sequence refers to a sequence of unrearranged immunoglobulin DNA sequences. Any suitable source of unrearranged immunoglobulin sequences may be used.
  • Human germline sequences may be obtained, for example, from JOINSOLVER germline databases on the website for the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the United States National Institutes of Health.
  • Mouse germline sequences may be obtained, for example, as described in Giudicelli et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33: D256-D261.
  • the present invention provides anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof having specified structural and functional features, and methods of use of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof in the treatment or prevention of disease (e.g., cancer or infectious disease).
  • disease e.g., cancer or infectious disease.
  • the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to the same epitope of human SIRP ⁇ as an antibody comprising one of the following combinations of heavy chain sequence/light chain sequence (or in each case an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto):
  • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H1L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H1L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H1L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H1L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H1L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H2L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H2L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H2L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H2L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H2L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H3L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H3L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H3L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H3L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H3L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H4L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H4L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H4L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H4L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H4L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H5L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H5L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H5L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H5L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .50A.H5L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H1L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H1L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H1L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H1L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H1L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H1L6)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H2L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H2L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H2L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H2L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H2L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H2L6)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H3L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H3L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H3L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H3L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H3L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H3L6)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H4L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H4L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H4L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H4L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H4L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H4L6)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H5L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H5L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H5L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H5L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H5L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H5L6)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H6L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H6L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H6L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H6L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H6L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRP ⁇ .40A.H6L6).
  • HDX Hydrophilicity-Specific Spectra-Specific spectrometry
  • crosslinking coupled mass spectrometry X-ray crystallography
  • pepscan analysis site directed mutagenesis.
  • HDX-MS Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange
  • proteolysis and mass spectrometry can be used to determine the epitope of an antibody on a specific antigen Y.
  • HDX-MS relies on the accurate measurement and comparison of the degree of deuterium incorporation by an antigen when incubated in D20 on its own and in presence of its antibody at various time intervals.
  • Crosslinking coupled mass spectrometry begins by binding the antibody and the antigen with a mass labeled chemical crosslinker. Next the presence of the complex is confirmed using high mass MALDI detection. Because after crosslinking chemistry the Ab/Ag complex is extremely stable, many various enzymes and digestion conditions can be applied to the complex to provide many different overlapping peptides. Identification of these peptides is performed using high resolution mass spectrometry and MS/MS techniques. Identification of the crosslinked peptides is determined using mass tag linked to the cross-linking reagents. After MS/MS fragmentation and data analysis, both epitope and paratope are determined in the same experiment.
  • the scope of the present invention also includes isolated anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof (e.g., humanized antibodies), comprising a variant of an immunoglobulin chain set forth herein, wherein the variant exhibits one or more of the following properties:
  • the invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragment thereof that bind human SIRP ⁇ (e.g., humanized antibodies) and have V H domains and V L domains with at least 90% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32.
  • human SIRP ⁇ e.g., humanized antibodies
  • the invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragment thereof that bind human SIRP ⁇ (e.g., humanized antibodies) and have V H domains and V L domains with at least 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32.
  • human SIRP ⁇ e.g., humanized antibodies
  • the invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragment thereof that bind human SIRP ⁇ (e.g., humanized antibodies) and have V H domains and V L domains with at least 97% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32.
  • human SIRP ⁇ e.g., humanized antibodies
  • the invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragment thereof that bind human SIRP ⁇ (e.g., humanized antibodies) and have V H domains and V L domains with at least 98% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32.
  • human SIRP ⁇ e.g., humanized antibodies
  • the invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragment thereof that bind human SIRP ⁇ (e.g., humanized antibodies) and have V H domains and V L domains with at least 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32.
  • human SIRP ⁇ e.g., humanized antibodies
  • sequence differences between SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32 and the variants consist of conservative substitutions and are most preferably limited to substitutions within the framework residues.
  • BLAST ALGORITHMS Camacho, C. et al. (2009): BMC Bioinformatics 10:421; Altschul et al. (2005) FEBS J. 272(20): 5101-5109; Altschul, S. F., et al., (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410; Gish, W., et al., (1993) Nature Genet. 3:266-272; Madden, T. L., et al., (1996) Meth. Enzymol. 266:131-141; Altschul, S. F., et al., (1997) Nucleic Acids Res.
  • percent identity comparisons are preferably performed by a BLAST algorithm wherein the parameters of the algorithm are selected to give the largest match between the respective sequences over the entire length of the respective reference sequences (e.g. expect threshold: 10; word size: 6; max matches in a query range: 0; BLOSUM 62 matrix; gap costs: existence 11, extension 1; conditional compositional score matrix adjustment).
  • Constantly modified variants or “conservative substitution” refers to substitutions of amino acids in a protein with other amino acids having similar characteristics (e.g. charge, side-chain size, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, backbone conformation and rigidity, etc.), such that the changes can frequently be made without altering the biological activity of the protein.
  • Those of skill in this art recognize that, in general, single amino acid substitutions in non-essential regions of a polypeptide do not substantially alter biological activity (see, e.g., Watson et al. (1987) Molecular Biology of the Gene, The Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., p. 224 (4th Ed.)).
  • substitutions of structurally or functionally similar amino acids are less likely to disrupt biological activity. Exemplary conservative substitutions are set forth the following Table 1.
  • “Function-conservative variants,” as used herein, refers to antibodies or fragments in which one or more amino acid residues have been changed without altering a desired property, such an antigen affinity and/or specificity. Such variants include, but are not limited to, replacement of an amino acid with one having similar properties, such as the conservative amino acid substitutions of Table 1.
  • isolated polypeptides comprising the V L domains of the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies of the invention (e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32), and isolated polypeptides comprising the V H domains of the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies of the invention (e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30) having up to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more amino acid substitutions, and preferably conservative substitutions.
  • the present invention further comprises the polynucleotides encoding any of the polypeptides or immunoglobulin chains of anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention.
  • the present invention includes the polynucleotides encoding the amino acids described in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and SEQ ID NOs: 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32.
  • an isolated polynucleotide for example DNA, encoding the polypeptide chains of the isolated antibodies or antigen-binding fragments set forth herein is provided.
  • the isolated polynucleotide encodes an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising at least one mature immunoglobulin light chain variable (VL) domain according to the invention and/or at least one mature immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (VH) domain according to the invention.
  • the isolated polynucleotide encodes both a light chain and a heavy chain on a single polynucleotide molecule, and in other embodiments the light and heavy chains are encoded on separate polynucleotide molecules.
  • the polynucleotides further encodes a signal sequence.
  • This present invention also provides vectors, e.g., expression vectors, such as plasmids, comprising the isolated polynucleotides of the invention, wherein the polynucleotide is operably linked to control sequences that are recognized by a host cell when the host cell is transfected with the vector.
  • vectors e.g., expression vectors, such as plasmids
  • host cells comprising a vector of the present invention and methods for producing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or polypeptide disclosed herein comprising culturing a host cell harboring an expression vector or a nucleic acid encoding the immunoglobulin chains of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof in culture medium, and isolating the antigen or antigen-binding fragment thereof from the host cell or culture medium.
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may bind human SIRP ⁇ bivalently with a K D value of 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M or lower) as determined by surface plasmon resonance (e.g., BIACORE) or a similar technique (e.g. KinExa or bio-layer interferometry (OCTET)).
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may bind human SIRP ⁇ or bivalently with a K D value of about 5-10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 M as determined by surface plasmon resonance (e.g., BIACORE) or a similar technique (e.g. KinExa or OCTET).
  • r/c is plotted on the Y-axis versus r on the X-axis, thus producing a Scatchard plot.
  • Antibody affinity measurement by Scatchard analysis is well known in the art. See, e.g., van Erp et al., J. Immunoassay 12: 425-43, 1991; Nelson and Griswold, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 27: 65-8, 1988.
  • humanness is measured using the T20 score analyzer to quantify the humanness of the variable region of monoclonal antibodies as described in Gao S H, Huang K, Tu H, Adler A S. Monoclonal antibody humanness score and its applications. BMC Biotechnology. 2013: 13:55. doi:10.1186/1472-6750-13-55).
  • a web-based tool is provided to calculate the T20 score of antibody sequences using the T20 Cutoff Human Databases: http://abAnalyzer.lakepharma.com.
  • T20 score an input VH, VK, or VL variable region protein sequence is first assigned Kabat numbering, and CDR residues are identified. The full-length sequence or the framework only sequence (with CDR residues removed) is compared to every sequence in a respective antibody database using the blastp protein-protein BLAST algorithm. The sequence identity between each pairwise comparison is isolated, and after every sequence in the database has been analyzed, the sequences are sorted from high to low based on the sequence identity to the input sequence. The percent identity of the Top 20 matched sequences is averaged to obtain the T20 score.
  • each antibody sequence was scored with its respective database using the T20 score analyzer.
  • the T20 score was obtained for the top 20 matched sequences after the input sequence itself was excluded (the percent identity of sequences 2 through 21 were averaged since sequence 1 was always the input antibody itself).
  • the T20 scores for each group were sorted from high to low. The decrease in score was roughly linear for most of the sequences; however the T20 scores for the bottom ⁇ 15% of antibodies started decreasing sharply. Therefore, the bottom 15 percent of sequences were removed and the remaining sequences formed the T20 Cutoff Human Databases, where the T20 score cutoff indicates the lowest T20 score of a sequence in the new database.
  • a “Human” antibody is one that has a T20 humanness score of at least 79%, and more preferably at least 85%.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the invention are able to block binding of human SIRP ⁇ to human CD47.
  • the ability to block binding of human SIRP ⁇ to human CD47 can be determined using any method known in the art.
  • the ability of the antibodies to block binding of human SIRP ⁇ to human CD47 is determined using an ELISA assay.
  • the present invention includes methods for making an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention comprising culturing a hybridoma cell that expresses the antibody or fragment under condition favorable to such expression and, optionally, isolating the antibody or fragment from the hybridoma and/or the growth medium (e.g. cell culture medium).
  • the growth medium e.g. cell culture medium
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies disclosed herein may also be produced recombinantly (e.g., in an E. coli/ T7 expression system, a mammalian cell expression system or a lower eukaryote expression system).
  • nucleic acids encoding the antibody immunoglobulin molecules of the invention e.g., V H or V L
  • the present invention includes methods for expressing an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or immunoglobulin chain thereof in a host cell (e.g., bacterial host cell such as E.
  • a bacterial host cell such as a E. coli, includes a polynucleotide encoding the T7 RNA polymerase gene operably linked to a lac promoter and expression of the polymerase and the chain is induced by incubation of the host cell with IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyrano side).
  • Transformation can be by any known method for introducing polynucleotides into a host cell.
  • Methods for introduction of heterologous polynucleotides into mammalian cells are well known in the art and include dextran-mediated transfection, calcium phosphate precipitation, polybrene-mediated transfection, protoplast fusion, electroporation, encapsulation of the polynucleotide(s) in liposomes, biolistic injection and direct microinjection of the DNA into nuclei.
  • nucleic acid molecules may be introduced into mammalian cells by viral vectors. Methods of transforming cells are well known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,399,216; 4,912,040; 4,740,461 and 4,959,455.
  • the present invention includes recombinant methods for making an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention, or an immunoglobulin chain thereof, comprising introducing a polynucleotide encoding one or more immunoglobulin chains of the antibody or fragment (e.g., heavy and/or light immunoglobulin chain); culturing the host cell (e.g., CHO or Pichia or Pichia pastoris ) under condition favorable to such expression and, optionally, isolating the antibody or fragment or chain from the host cell and/or medium in which the host cell is grown.
  • a polynucleotide encoding one or more immunoglobulin chains of the antibody or fragment (e.g., heavy and/or light immunoglobulin chain)
  • the host cell e.g., CHO or Pichia or Pichia pastoris
  • Anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies can also be synthesized by any of the methods set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,331,415.
  • Eukaryotic and prokaryotic host cells including mammalian cells as hosts for expression of the antibodies or fragments or immunoglobulin chains disclosed herein are well known in the art and include many immortalized cell lines available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). These include, inter alia, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, NSO, SP2 cells, HeLa cells, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, monkey kidney cells (COS), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (e.g., Hep G2), A549 cells, 3T3 cells, HEK-293 cells and a number of other cell lines.
  • Mammalian host cells include human, mouse, rat, dog, monkey, pig, goat, bovine, horse and hamster cells.
  • Cell lines of particular preference are selected through determining which cell lines have high expression levels.
  • Other cell lines that may be used are insect cell lines, such as Sf9 cells, amphibian cells, bacterial cells, plant cells and fungal cells.
  • Fungal cells include yeast and filamentous fungus cells including, for example, Pichia pastoris, Pichia finlandica, Pichia trehalophila, Pichia koclamae, Pichia membranaefaciens, Pichia minuta ( Ogataea minuta, Pichia lindneri ), Pichia opuntiae, Pichia thermotolerans, Pichia salictaria, Pichia guercuum, Pichia pijperi, Pichia stiptis, Pichia methanolica, Pichia sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces sp., Hansenula polymorpha, Kluyveromyces sp., Kluyveromy
  • Pichia sp. any Saccharomyces sp., Hansenula polymorpha, any Kluyveromyces sp., Candida albicans, any Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma reesei, Chrysosporium lucknowense, any Fusarium sp., Yarrowia lipolytica, and Neurospora crassa.
  • the antibodies are produced by culturing the host cells for a period of time sufficient to allow for expression of the antibody or fragment or chain in the host cells or secretion into the culture medium in which the host cells are grown.
  • Antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof and immunoglobulin chains can be recovered from the culture medium using standard protein purification methods. Further, expression of antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof and immunoglobulin chains of the invention (or other moieties therefrom) from production cell lines can be enhanced using a number of known techniques.
  • the glutamine synthetase gene expression system (the GS system) is a common approach for enhancing expression under certain conditions. The GS system is discussed in whole or part in connection with European Patent Nos. 0216846, 0256055, and 0323997 and 0338841.
  • the mammalian host cells e.g., CHO
  • the polynucleotide encoding the immunoglobulin chain comprises a glutamine synthetase gene which complements the lack of the gene in the host cell.
  • the present invention includes methods for purifying an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention comprising introducing a sample comprising the antibody or fragment to a purification medium (e.g., cation exchange medium, anion exchange medium, hydrophobic exchange medium, affinity purification medium (e.g., protein-A, protein-G, protein-A/G, protein-L)) and either collecting purified antibody or fragment from the flow-through fraction of said sample that does not bind to the medium; or, discarding the flow-through fraction and eluting bound antibody or fragment from the medium and collecting the eluate.
  • a purification medium e.g., cation exchange medium, anion exchange medium, hydrophobic exchange medium, affinity purification medium (e.g., protein-A, protein-G, protein-A/G, protein-L)
  • the medium is in a column to which the sample is applied.
  • the purification method is conducted following recombinant expression of the antibody or fragment in a host cell, e.g., wherein the host cell is first lysed and, optionally, the lysate is purified of insoluble materials prior to purification on a medium.
  • glycoproteins produced in a particular cell line or transgenic animal will have a glycosylation pattern that is characteristic for glycoproteins produced in the cell line or transgenic animal. Therefore, the particular glycosylation pattern of an antibody will depend on the particular cell line or transgenic animal used to produce the antibody.
  • all antibodies encoded by the nucleic acid molecules provided herein, or comprising the amino acid sequences provided herein comprise the instant invention, independent of the glycosylation pattern the antibodies may have.
  • antibodies with a glycosylation pattern comprising only non-fucosylated N-glycans may be advantageous, because these antibodies have been shown to typically exhibit more potent efficacy than their fucosylated counterparts both in vitro and in vivo (See for example, Shinkawa et al., J. Biol. Chem. 278: 3466-3473 (2003); U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,946,292 and 7,214,775). These antibodies with non-fucosylated N-glycans are not likely to be immunogenic because their carbohydrate structures are a normal component of the population that exists in human serum IgG.
  • the present invention includes bispecific and bifunctional antibodies and antigen-binding fragments having a binding specificity for SIRP ⁇ and another antigen such as, for example, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD24, CD25, CD30, CD33, CD38, CD44, CD52, CD56, CD70, CD96, CD97, CD99, CD117, CD123, c-Met, CEA, EGFR, EpCAM, HER2, HERS, PSMA, PTHR2, mesothelin, PD-1, PD-L1, TIM3, and methods of use thereof.
  • a bispecific or bifunctional antibody is an artificial hybrid antibody having two different heavy/light chain pairs and two different binding sites.
  • Bispecific antibodies can be produced by a variety of methods including fusion of hybridomas or linking of Fab′ fragments. See, e.g., Songsivilai, et al., (1990) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 79: 315-321, Kostelny, et al., (1992) J Immunol. 148:1547-1553.
  • bispecific antibodies may be formed as “diabodies” (Holliger, et al., (1993) PNAS USA 90:6444-6448) or as “Janusins” (Traunecker, et al., (1991) EMBO J. 10:3655-3659 and Traunecker, et al., (1992) Int. J. Cancer Suppl. 7:51-52). Included are “Duobodies,” which are bispecific antibodies with normal IgG structures (Labrijn et al., 2013, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110 (13): 5145-5150).
  • the present invention further includes anti-SIRP ⁇ antigen-binding fragments of the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies disclosed herein.
  • the antibody fragments include F(ab) 2 fragments, which may be produced by enzymatic cleavage of an IgG by, for example, pepsin.
  • Fab fragments may be produced by, for example, reduction of F(ab) 2 with dithiothreitol or mercaptoethylamine.
  • Immunoglobulins may be assigned to different classes depending on the amino acid sequences of the constant domain of their heavy chains. In some embodiments, different constant domains may be appended to humanized V L and V H regions derived from the CDRs provided herein. There are at least five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM, and several of these may be further divided into subclasses (isotypes), e.g. IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4; IgA1 and IgA2.
  • the invention comprises antibodies and antigen-binding fragments of any of these classes or subclasses of antibodies.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain constant region, e.g. a human constant region, such as ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, or ⁇ 4 human heavy chain constant region or a variant thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a light chain constant region, e.g. a human light chain constant region, such as lambda or kappa human light chain region or variant thereof.
  • the human heavy chain constant region can be ⁇ 4 and the human light chain constant region can be kappa.
  • the Fc region of the antibody is ⁇ 4 with a Ser228Pro mutation (Schuurman, J et. al., Mol. Immunol. 38: 1-8, 2001).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain constant region of the IgG1 subtype. In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain constant region of the IgG2 subtype. In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain constant region of the IgG4 subtype.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are engineered antibodies to include modifications to framework residues within the variable domains the antibody, e.g. to improve the properties of the antibody or fragment.
  • framework modifications are made to decrease the immunogenicity of the antibody or fragment. This is usually accomplished by replacing non-CDR residues in the variable domains (i.e. framework residues) in a parental (e.g. rodent) antibody or fragment with analogous residues from the immune repertoire of the species in which the antibody is to be used, e.g. human residues in the case of human therapeutics.
  • a parental antibody or fragment e.g. rodent antibody or fragment with analogous residues from the immune repertoire of the species in which the antibody is to be used, e.g. human residues in the case of human therapeutics.
  • Such an antibody or fragment is referred to as a “humanized” antibody or fragment.
  • an engineered (e.g. humanized) antibody it is desirable to increase the affinity, or alter the specificity of an engineered (e.g. humanized) antibody.
  • One approach is to mutate one or more framework residues to the corresponding germline sequence. More specifically, an antibody or fragment that has undergone somatic mutation can contain framework residues that differ from the germline sequence from which the antibody is derived. Such residues can be identified by comparing the antibody or fragment framework sequences to the germline sequences from which the antibody or fragment is derived.
  • Another approach is to revert to the original parental (e.g., rodent) residue at one or more positions of the engineered (e.g. humanized) antibody, e.g. to restore binding affinity that may have been lost in the process of replacing the framework residues. (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,693,762, 5,585,089 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,530,101).
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are engineered (e.g. humanized) to include modifications in the framework and/or CDRs to improve their properties.
  • engineered changes can be based on molecular modelling.
  • a molecular model for the variable region for the parental (non-human) antibody sequence can be constructed to understand the structural features of the antibody and used to identify potential regions on the antibody that can interact with the antigen.
  • Conventional CDRs are based on alignment of immunoglobulin sequences and identifying variable regions.
  • CDRs regions classified as “CDRs” and “hypervariable loops”.
  • Later studies (Raghunathan et al, (2012) J. Mol Recog. 25, 3, 103-113) analyzed several antibody—antigen crystal complexes and observed that the antigen binding regions in antibodies do not necessarily conform strictly to the “CDR” residues or “hypervariable” loops.
  • the molecular model for the variable region of the non-human antibody can be used to guide the selection of regions that can potentially bind to the antigen. In practice the potential antigen binding regions based on the model differ from the conventional “CDR”s or “hypervariable” loops.
  • Human frameworks can be selected based on best matches with the non-human sequence both in the frameworks and in the CDRs.
  • FR4 framework 4
  • VJ regions for the human germlines are compared with the corresponding non-human region.
  • FR4 (framework 4) in VL J-kappa and J-Lambda regions of human germline sequences are compared with the corresponding non-human region.
  • the CDRs are grafted into the selected human frameworks. In some cases, certain residues in the VL-VH interface can be retained as in the non-human (parental) sequence.
  • Molecular models can also be used for identifying residues that can potentially alter the CDR conformations and hence binding to antigen. In some cases, these residues are retained as in the non-human (parental) sequence. Molecular models can also be used to identify solvent exposed amino acids that can result in unwanted effects such as glycosylation, deamidation and oxidation. Developability filters can be introduced early on in the design stage to eliminate/minimize these potential problems.
  • Another type of framework modification involves mutating one or more residues within the framework region, or even within one or more CDR regions, to remove T cell epitopes to thereby reduce the potential immunogenicity of the antibody. This approach is also referred to as “deimmunization” and is described in further detail in U.S. Pat. No. 7,125,689.
  • the antibodies of the present disclosure do not contain deamidation or asparagine isomerism sites.
  • an asparagine (Asn) residue may be changed to Gln or Ala to reduce the potential for formation of isoaspartate at any Asn-Gly sequences, particularly within a CDR.
  • a similar problem may occur at a Asp-Gly sequence. Reissner and Aswad (2003) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 60:1281. Isoaspartate formation may debilitate or completely abrogate binding of an antibody to its target antigen. See, Presta (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116:731 at 734.
  • the asparagine is changed to glutamine (Gln).
  • any methionine residues may be changed to Lys, Leu, Ala, or Phe or other amino acids in order to reduce the possibility that the methionine sulfur would oxidize, which could reduce antigen-binding affinity and also contribute to molecular heterogeneity in the final antibody preparation. Id.
  • Another type of framework modification involves mutating one or more residues within the framework regions to prevent aggregation.
  • the risk of an antibody to aggregate can be assessed using the spatial aggregation propensity—See, Chennamsetty, N et al (2010) J. Phys. Chem. 114, 6614-6624.
  • the method requires the calculation of the Solvent Accessible Area (SAA) for each atom.
  • SAA Solvent Accessible Area
  • the molecular aggregation score is then calculated as the sum of all atomic scores. For a given radius and size of molecule, this is an approximate indication of its overall tendency to aggregate. Residues with a high aggregation score are replaced by residues with a lower score (e.g. more hydrophilic amino acids).
  • the antibodies (e.g., humanized antibodies) and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein can also be engineered to include modifications within the Fc region, typically to alter one or more properties of the antibody, such as serum half-life, complement fixation, Fc receptor binding, and/or effector function (e.g., antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity).
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein can be chemically modified (e.g., one or more chemical moieties can be attached to the antibody) or be modified to alter its glycosylation, again to alter one or more properties of the antibody or fragment.
  • the numbering of residues in the Fc region is that of the EU index of Kabat.
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein also include antibodies and fragments with modified (or blocked) Fc regions to provide altered effector functions. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,821; WO2003/086310; WO2005/120571; WO2006/0057702. Such modifications can be used to enhance or suppress various reactions of the immune system, with possible beneficial effects in diagnosis and therapy. Alterations of the Fc region include amino acid changes (substitutions, deletions and insertions), glycosylation or deglycosylation, and adding multiple Fc regions. Changes to the Fc can also alter the half-life of antibodies in therapeutic antibodies, enabling less frequent dosing and thus increased convenience and decreased use of material. See Presta (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116:731 at 734-35.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention is an IgG4 isotype antibody or fragment comprising a Serine to Proline mutation at a position corresponding to position 228 (S228P; EU index; SEQ ID NO: 66) in the hinge region of the heavy chain constant region.
  • S228P Serine to Proline mutation at a position corresponding to position 228
  • EU index SEQ ID NO: 66
  • This mutation has been reported to abolish the heterogeneity of inter-heavy chain disulfide bridges in the hinge region (Angal et al (1993). Mol. Immunol. 30:105-108; position 241 is based on the Kabat numbering system).
  • the hinge region of CH1 is modified such that the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region is increased or decreased. This approach is described further in U.S. Pat. No. 5,677,425.
  • the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region of CH1 is altered, for example, to facilitate assembly of the light and heavy chains or to increase or decrease the stability of the antibody.
  • the Fc hinge region of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention is mutated to decrease the biological half-life of the antibody or fragment. More specifically, one or more amino acid mutations are introduced into the CH2-CH3 domain interface region of the Fc-hinge fragment such that the antibody or fragment has impaired Staphylococcyl protein A (SpA) binding relative to native Fc-hinge domain SpA binding.
  • SpA Staphylococcyl protein A
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention is modified to increase its biological half-life.
  • Various approaches are possible. For example, one or more of the following mutations can be introduced: T252L, T254S, T256F, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,375.
  • the antibody can be altered within the CH1 or CL region to contain a salvage receptor binding epitope taken from two loops of a CH2 domain of an Fc region of an IgG, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,869,046 and 6,121,022.
  • the Fc region is altered by replacing at least one amino acid residue with a different amino acid residue to alter the effector function(s) of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment.
  • one or more amino acids selected from amino acid residues 234, 235, 236, 237, 297, 318, 320 and 322 can be replaced with a different amino acid residue such that the antibody has an altered affinity for an effector ligand and retains the antigen-binding ability of the parent antibody.
  • the effector ligand to which affinity is altered can be, for example, an Fc receptor or the Cl component of complement. This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,624,821 and 5,648,260.
  • one or more amino acids selected from amino acid residues 329, 331 and 322 can be replaced with a different amino acid residue such that the antibody has altered C1q binding and/or reduced or abolished complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
  • CDC complement dependent cytotoxicity
  • one or more amino acid residues within amino acid positions 231 and 239 are altered to thereby alter the ability of the antibody to fix complement. This approach is described further in PCT Publication WO 94/29351.
  • the proteins of the invention which are preferably antibodies and most preferably IgG antibodies or fragments thereof, may have altered (e.g., relative to an unmodified antibody) Fc ⁇ R binding properties (examples of binding properties include but are not limited to, binding specificity, equilibrium dissociation constant (K D ), dissociation and association rates (k off and k on respectively), binding affinity and/or avidity) and that certain alterations are more or less desirable.
  • binding properties include but are not limited to, binding specificity, equilibrium dissociation constant (K D ), dissociation and association rates (k off and k on respectively), binding affinity and/or avidity
  • K D equilibrium dissociation constant
  • K a is the reciprocal of K D .
  • the affinities and binding properties of an Fc region for its ligand may be determined by a variety of in vitro assay methods (biochemical or immunological based assays) known in the art for determining Fc-Fc ⁇ R interactions, i.e., specific binding of an Fc region to an Fc ⁇ R including but not limited to, equilibrium methods (e.g., enzyme-linked immuno absorbent assay (ELISA) or radioimmunoassay (RIA)), or kinetics (e.g. BIACORE®, Octet®, or KinExa® analysis), and other methods such as indirect binding assays, competitive inhibition assays, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), gel electrophoresis and chromatography (e.g., gel filtration).
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immuno absorbent assay
  • RIA radioimmunoassay
  • kinetics e.g. BIACORE®, Octet®, or KinExa® analysis
  • indirect binding assays e.g
  • the proteins of the present invention bind to one or more human Fc ⁇ Rs selected from the group consisting of Fc ⁇ RI, Fc ⁇ RIIB, Fc ⁇ RIIC, Fc ⁇ RIIIA-F158, and Fc ⁇ RIIIA-V158 with an affinity at least 10-fold, preferably at least 30-fold, and more preferably at least 100-fold, less than equivalent protein having a wild-type human IgG1 heavy chain constant domain (SEQ ID NO: 119) Fc region or a wild-type human IgG4 heavy chain constant domain (SEQ ID NO: 66) Fc region.
  • the proteins of the invention comprise an immunoglobulin Fc region comprising an immunoglobulin C2 region and an immunoglobulin C3 region and an immunoglobulin hinge region.
  • the immunoglobulin Fc region may be an IgG Fc region, an IgE Fc region, or an IgA Fc region.
  • the protein comprises two immunoglobulin Fc regions, each immunoglobulin Fc region comprising an immunoglobulin C2 region and an immunoglobulin C3 region and an immunoglobulin hinge region, wherein the hinge region of one of the immunoglobulin Fc regions is bound to the hinge region of the other immunoglobulin Fc region to form a dimeric Fc structure.
  • a protein is a human or humanized IgG protein.
  • the proteins of the invention comprise a mutated IgG4 Fc region, and preferably the protein is an IgG comprising two mutated IgG4 Fc regions to form a dimeric Fc structure.
  • a mutated IgG4 Fc region may comprise one of the mutations, or mutational combinations, recited in Table 3.
  • the numbering system of the constant region referred to in this table is that of the EU index as set forth in Kabat et al. (1991, NIH Publication 91-3242, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.).
  • the first letter and number represent the unmodified amino acid and its position and the second letter represents the substituted amino acid at said position. For those entries that include combinations of more than one mutation, each mutation in the combination is separated by a “/”.
  • the proteins of the invention comprise a mutated IgG1 Fc region, and preferably the protein is an IgG comprising two mutated IgG1 Fc regions to form a dimeric Fc structure.
  • a mutated IgG1 Fc region may comprise one of the mutations recited in Table 4.
  • the numbering system of the constant region referred to in this table is that of the EU index as set forth in Kabat et al. (1991, NIH Publication 91-3242, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA).
  • the first letter and number represent the unmodified amino acid and its position and the second letter represents the substituted amino acid at said position.
  • a mutated IgG1 Fc region may comprise one of the mutational combinations recited in Table 5.
  • the numbering system of the constant region referred to in this table is that of the EU index as set forth in Kabat et al. (1991, NIH Publication 91-3242, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.).
  • the first letter and number represent the unmodified amino acid and its position and the second letter represents the substituted amino acid at said position.
  • each mutation in the combination is separated by a “/” and deletions are indicated by a “ ⁇ ”.
  • the proteins of the invention comprise a wild type or mutated IgG2 Fc region, and preferably the protein is an IgG comprising two wild type or mutated IgG2 Fc regions to form a dimeric Fc structure.
  • a mutated IgG2 Fc region may comprise one of the mutations, or mutational combinations, recited in Table 6.
  • the numbering system of the constant region referred to in this table is that of the EU index as set forth in Kabat et al. (1991, NIH Publication 91-3242, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.).
  • the first letter and number represent the unmodified amino acid and its position and the second letter represents the substituted amino acid at said position. For those entries that include combinations of more than one mutation, each mutation in the combination is separated by a “/”.
  • the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments of the invention comprise a particular glycosylation pattern.
  • an afucosylated or an aglycosylated antibody or fragment can be made (i.e., the antibody lacks fucose or glycosylation, respectively).
  • the glycosylation pattern of an antibody or fragment may be altered to, for example, increase the affinity or avidity of the antibody or fragment for a SIRP ⁇ antigen.
  • modifications can be accomplished by, for example, altering one or more of the glycosylation sites within the antibody or fragment sequence.
  • one or more amino acid substitutions can be made that result in removal of one or more of the variable region framework glycosylation sites to thereby eliminate glycosylation at that site.
  • Such deglycosylation may increase the affinity or avidity of the antibody or fragment for antigen. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,714,350 and 6,350,861.
  • Antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may further include those produced in lower eukaryote host cells, in particular fungal host cells such as yeast and filamentous fungi have been genetically engineered to produce glycoproteins that have mammalian- or human-like glycosylation patterns (See for example, Choi et al, (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100: 5022-5027; Hamilton et al., (2003) Science 301: 1244-1246; Hamilton et al., (2006) Science 313: 1441-1443; Nett et al., Yeast 28(3):237-52 (2011); Hamilton et al., Curr Opin Biotechnol. 18(5): 387-92 (2007)).
  • fungal host cells such as yeast and filamentous fungi have been genetically engineered to produce glycoproteins that have mammalian- or human-like glycosylation patterns
  • a particular advantage of these genetically modified host cells over currently used mammalian cell lines is the ability to control the glycosylation profile of glycoproteins that are produced in the cells such that compositions of glycoproteins can be produced wherein a particular N-glycan structure predominates (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,029,872 and 7,449,308).
  • These genetically modified host cells have been used to produce antibodies that have predominantly particular N-glycan structures (See for example, Li et al., (2006) Nat. Biotechnol. 24: 210-215).
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein further include those produced in lower eukaryotic host cells and which comprise fucosylated and non-fucosylated hybrid and complex N-glycans, including bisected and multiantennary species, including but not limited to N-glycans such as GlcNAc (1-4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ; Gal (1-4) GlcNAc (1-4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ; NANA (1-4) Gal (1-4) GlcNAc (1-4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 .
  • N-glycans such as GlcNAc (1-4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ; Gal (1-4) GlcNAc (1-4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ; NANA (1-4) Gal (1-4) GlcNAc (1-4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 .
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof provided herein may comprise antibodies or fragments having at least one hybrid N-glycan selected from the group consisting of GlcNAcMan 5 GlcNAc 2 ; GalGlcNAcMan 5 GlcNAc 2 ; and NANAGalGlcNAcMan 5 GlcNAc 2 .
  • the hybrid N-glycan is the predominant N-glycan species in the composition.
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof provided herein comprise antibodies and fragments having at least one complex N-glycan selected from the group consisting of GlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2 ; GalGlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2 ; NANAGalGlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2 ; GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ; GalGlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ; Gal 2 GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ; NANAGal 2 GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 ; and NANA 2 Gal 2 GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 .
  • N-glycan selected from the group consisting of GlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2 ; GalGlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2 ; NANAGalGlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2 ; and NANA 2 Gal 2 GlcNA
  • the complex N-glycan are the predominant N-glycan species in the composition.
  • the complex N-glycan is a particular N-glycan species that comprises about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% of the complex N-glycans in the composition.
  • the antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof provided herein comprise complex N-glycans, wherein at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% of the complex N-glycans comprise the structure NANA 2 Gal 2 GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 , wherein such structure is afucosylated.
  • Such structures can be produced, e.g., in engineered Pichia pastoris host cells.
  • the N-glycan is fucosylated.
  • the fucose is in an ⁇ 1,3-linkage with the GlcNAc at the reducing end of the N-glycan, an ⁇ 1,6-linkage with the GlcNAc at the reducing end of the N-glycan, an ⁇ 1,2-linkage with the Gal at the non-reducing end of the N-glycan, an ⁇ 1,3-linkage with the GlcNac at the non-reducing end of the N-glycan, or an ⁇ 1,4-linkage with a GlcNAc at the non-reducing end of the N-glycan.
  • the glycoform is in an ⁇ 1,3-linkage or ⁇ 1,6-linkage fucose to produce a glycoform selected from the group consisting of Man 5 GlcNAc 2 (Fuc), GlcNAcMan 5 GlcNAc 2 (Fuc), Man 3 GlcNAc 2 (Fuc), GlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2 (Fuc), GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 (Fuc), GalGlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 (Fuc), Gal 2 GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 (Fuc), NANAGal 2 GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 (Fuc), and NANA 2 Gal 2 GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 (Fuc); in an ⁇ 1,3-linkage or ⁇ 1,4-linkage fucose to produce a glycoform selected from the group consisting of Man 5 GlcNAc 2 (Fu
  • the antibodies e.g., humanized antibodies
  • antigen-binding fragments thereof comprise high mannose N-glycans, including but not limited to, Man 8 GlcNAc 2 , Man 7 GlcNAc 2 , Man 6 GlcNAc 2 , Man 5 GlcNAc 2 , Man 4 GlcNAc 2 , or N-glycans that consist of the Man 3 GlcNAc 2 N-glycan structure.
  • the complex N-glycans further include fucosylated and non-fucosylated bisected and multiantennary species.
  • N-glycan and “glycoform” are used interchangeably and refer to an N-linked oligosaccharide, for example, one that is attached by an asparagine-N-acetylglucosamine linkage to an asparagine residue of a polypeptide.
  • N-linked glycoproteins contain an N-acetylglucosamine residue linked to the amide nitrogen of an asparagine residue in the protein.
  • glycoproteins The predominant sugars found on glycoproteins are glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (e.g., N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA)).
  • GalNAc N-acetylgalactosamine
  • GlcNAc N-acetylglucosamine
  • sialic acid e.g., N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA)
  • N-glycans have a common pentasaccharide core of Man 3 GlcNAc 2 (“Man” refers to mannose; “Glc” refers to glucose; and “NAc” refers to N-acetyl; GlcNAc refers to N-acetylglucosamine).
  • Man refers to mannose
  • Glc refers to glucose
  • NAc refers to N-acetyl
  • GlcNAc refers to N-acetylglucosamine
  • N-glycan structures are presented with the non-reducing end to the left and the reducing end to the right.
  • the reducing end of the N-glycan is the end that is attached to the Asn residue comprising the glycosylation site on the protein.
  • N-glycans differ with respect to the number of branches (antennae) comprising peripheral sugars (e.g., GlcNAc, galactose, fucose and sialic acid) that are added to the Man 3 GlcNAc 2 (“Man3”) core structure which is also referred to as the “trimannose core”, the “pentasaccharide core” or the “paucimannose core”.
  • branches comprising peripheral sugars (e.g., GlcNAc, galactose, fucose and sialic acid) that are added to the Man 3 GlcNAc 2 (“Man3”) core structure which is also referred to as the “trimannose core”, the “pentasaccharide core” or the “paucimannose core”.
  • Man3 Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • N-glycans are classified according to their branched constituents (e.g., high mannose, complex or hybrid).
  • a “complex” type N-glycan typically has at least one GlcNAc attached to the 1,3 mannose arm and at least one GlcNAc attached to the 1,6 mannose arm of a “trimannose” core.
  • Complex N-glycans may also have galactose (“Gal”) or N-acetylgalactosamine (“GalNAc”) residues that are optionally modified with sialic acid or derivatives (e.g., “NANA” or “NeuAc”, where “Neu” refers to neuraminic acid and “Ac” refers to acetyl).
  • Complex N-glycans may also have intrachain substitutions comprising “bisecting” GlcNAc and core fucose (“Fuc”).
  • Complex N-glycans may also have multiple antennae on the “trimannose core,” often referred to as “multiple antennary glycans.”
  • a “hybrid” N-glycan has at least one GlcNAc on the terminal of the 1,3 mannose arm of the trimannose core and zero or more mannoses on the 1,6 mannose arm of the trimannose core.
  • the various N-glycans are also referred to as “glycoforms.”
  • G-2 refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • G-1 refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as GlcNAcMan 3 GlcNAc 2
  • G0 refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • G1 refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as GalGlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • G2 refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as Gal 2 GlcNAc 2 Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • Gal refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as NANAG
  • the terms G-2′′, “G-1”, “G0”, “G1”, “G2”, “A1”, and “A2” refer to N-glycan species that lack fucose attached to the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the N-glycan.
  • the term includes an “F”
  • the “F” indicates that the N-glycan species contains a fucose residue on the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the N-glycan.
  • G0F, G1F, G2F, A1F, and A2F all indicate that the N-glycan further includes a fucose residue attached to the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the N-glycan.
  • Lower eukaryotes such as yeast and filamentous fungi do not normally produce N-glycans that produce fucose.
  • multiantennary N-glycan refers to N-glycans that further comprise a GlcNAc residue on the mannose residue comprising the non-reducing end of the 1,6 arm or the 1,3 arm of the N-glycan or a GlcNAc residue on each of the mannose residues comprising the non-reducing end of the 1,6 arm and the 1,3 arm of the N-glycan.
  • multiantennary N-glycans can be characterized by the formulas GlcNAc (2-4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 , Gal (1-4) GlcNAc (2-4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 , or NANA (1-4) Gal (1-4) GlcNAc (2-4) Man 3 GlcNAc 2 .
  • the term “1-4” refers to 1, 2, 3, or 4 residues.
  • bisected N-glycan refers to N-glycans in which a GlcNAc residue is linked to the mannose residue at the reducing end of the N-glycan.
  • a bisected N-glycan can be characterized by the formula GlcNAc 3 Man 3 GlcNAc 2 wherein each mannose residue is linked at its non-reducing end to a GlcNAc residue.
  • a multiantennary N-glycan is characterized as GlcNAc 3 Man 3 GlcNAc 2
  • the formula indicates that two GlcNAc residues are linked to the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of one of the two arms of the N-glycans and one GlcNAc residue is linked to the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of the other arm of the N-glycan.
  • the proteins of the invention comprise an aglycosylated Fc region.
  • an IgG1 Fc region may be aglycosylayed by deleting or substituting residue N297.
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may further contain one or more glycosylation sites in either the light or heavy chain immunoglobulin variable region. Such glycosylation sites may result in increased immunogenicity of the antibody or fragment or an alteration of the pK of the antibody due to altered antigen-binding (Marshall et al. (1972) Annu Rev Biochem 41:673-702; Gala and Morrison (2004) J Immunol 172:5489-94; Wallick et al (1988) J Exp Med 168:1099-109; Spiro (2002) Glycobiology 12:43R-56R; Parekh et al (1985) Nature 316:452-7; Mimura et al. (2000) Mol Immunol 37:697-706). Glycosylation has been known to occur at motifs containing an N-X-S/T sequence.
  • Each antibody or antigen-binding fragment will have a unique isoelectric point (pI), which generally falls in the pH range between 6 and 9.5.
  • pI isoelectric point
  • the pI for an IgG1 antibody typically falls within the pH range of 7-9.5 and the pI for an IgG4 antibody typically falls within the pH range of 6-8.
  • each antibody or antigen-binding fragment will have a characteristic melting temperature, with a higher melting temperature indicating greater overall stability in vivo (Krishnamurthy R and Manning M C (2002) Curr Pharm Biotechnol 3:361-71).
  • the T M1 (the temperature of initial unfolding) may be greater than 60° C., greater than 65° C., or greater than 70° C.
  • the melting point of an antibody or fragment can be measured using differential scanning calorimetry (Chen et al (2003) Pharm Res 20:1952-60; Ghirlando et al (1999) Immunol Lett 68:47-52) or circular dichroism (Murray et al. (2002) J. Chromatogr Sci 40:343-9).
  • antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are selected that do not degrade rapidly.
  • Degradation of an antibody or fragment can be measured using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and MALDI-MS (Alexander A J and Hughes D E (1995) Anal Chem 67:3626-32).
  • antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are selected that have minimal aggregation effects, which can lead to the triggering of an unwanted immune response and/or altered or unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties.
  • antibodies and fragments are acceptable with aggregation of 25% or less, 20% or less, 15% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less.
  • Aggregation can be measured by several techniques, including size-exclusion column (SEC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and light scattering.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may also be conjugated to a chemical moiety.
  • the chemical moiety may be, inter alia, a polymer, a radionucleotide or a cytotoxic factor.
  • the chemical moiety is a polymer which increases the half-life of the antibody or fragment in the body of a subject.
  • Suitable polymers include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic polymers which include but are not limited to polyethylene glycol (PEG) (e.g., PEG with a molecular weight of 2kDa, 5 kDa, 10 kDa, 12kDa, 20 kDa, 30kDa or 40kDa), dextran and monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG).
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • mPEG monomethoxypolyethylene glycol
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may also be conjugated with labels such as 99 Tc, 90 Y, 111 In, 32 P, 14 C, 125 I, 3 H, 131 I, 11 C, 15 O, 13 N, 18 F, 35 S, 51 Cr, 57 To, 226 Ra, 60 Co, 59 Fe, 57 Se, 152 Eu, 67 CU, 217 Ci, 211 At, 212 Pb, 47 Sc, 109 Pd, 234 Th, and 40 K, 157 Gd, 55 Mn, 52 Tr, and 56 Fe.
  • labels such as 99 Tc, 90 Y, 111 In, 32 P, 14 C, 125 I, 3 H, 131 I, 11 C, 15 O, 13 N, 18 F, 35 S, 51 Cr, 57 To, 226 Ra, 60 Co, 59 Fe, 57 Se, 152 Eu, 67 CU, 217 Ci, 211 At, 212 Pb, 47 Sc, 109 Pd, 234 Th, and 40 K, 157
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may also be PEGylated, for example to increase its biological (e.g., serum) half-life.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the antibody or fragment typically is reacted with a reactive form of polyethylene glycol (PEG), such as a reactive ester or aldehyde derivative of PEG, under conditions in which one or more PEG groups become attached to the antibody or antibody fragment.
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the PEGylation is carried out via an acylation reaction or an alkylation reaction with a reactive PEG molecule (or an analogous reactive water-soluble polymer).
  • polyethylene glycol is intended to encompass any of the forms of PEG that have been used to derivatize other proteins, such as mono (C1-C10) alkoxy- or aryloxy-polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol-maleimide.
  • the antibody or fragment to be PEGylated is an aglycosylated antibody or fragment. Methods for PEGylating proteins are known in the art and can be applied to the antibodies of the invention. See, e.g., EP 0 154 316 and EP 0 401 384.
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may also be conjugated with fluorescent or chemilluminescent labels, including fluorophores such as rare earth chelates, fluorescein and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, isothiocyanate, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, o-phthaladehyde, fluorescamine, 152 Eu, dansyl, umbelliferone, luciferin, luminal label, isoluminal label, an aromatic acridinium ester label, an imidazole label, an acridimium salt label, an oxalate ester label, an aequorin label, 2,3-dihydrophthalazinediones, biotin/avidin, spin labels and stable free radicals.
  • fluorophores such as rare earth chelates, fluorescein and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, isothiocyanate,
  • the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention may also be conjugated to a cytotoxic factor such as diptheria toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A chain , ricin A chain, abrin A chain, modeccin A chain, alpha-sarcin, Aleurites fordii proteins and compounds (e.g., fatty acids), dianthin proteins, Phytoiacca americana proteins PAPI, PAPII, and PAP-S, Momordica charantia inhibitor, curcin, crotin, Saponaria officinalis inhibitor, mitogellin, restrictocin, phenomycin, and enomycin.
  • a cytotoxic factor such as diptheria toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A chain , ricin A chain, abrin A chain, modeccin A chain, alpha-sarcin, Aleurites fordii proteins and
  • any method known in the art for conjugating the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention to the various moieties may be employed, including those methods described by Hunter, et al., (1962) Nature 144:945; David, et al., (1974) Biochemistry 13:1014; Pain, et al., (1981) J. Immunol. Meth. 40:219; and Nygren, J., (1982) Histochem. and Cytochem. 30:407. Methods for conjugating antibodies and fragments are conventional and very well known in the art.
  • the cancer is, e.g., osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, kidney cancer, leukemia, renal transitional cell cancer, bladder cancer, Wilm's cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, bone cancer, lung cancer (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer), gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, synovial sarcoma, head and neck cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, multiple myeloma, renal cell cancer, retinoblastoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, rhabdoid tumor of the kidney, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, brain cancer, glioblastoma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, vestibular schwannoma, a primitive neuroec
  • Cancers that may be treated by the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments, compositions and methods of the invention include, but are not limited to: Cardiac: sarcoma (angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma), myxoma, rhabdomyoma, fibroma, lipoma and teratoma; Lung: bronchogenic carcinoma (squamous cell, undifferentiated small cell, undifferentiated large cell, adenocarcinoma), alveolar (bronchiolar) carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, chondromatous hamartoma, mesothelioma; Gastrointestinal: esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma), stomach (carcinoma, lymphoma, leiomyos
  • cancers that may be treated by the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein, compositions and methods of the invention include, but are not limited to: breast cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, gastroesophageal junction carcinoma, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, kidney cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, fallopian tube cancer, peritoneal cancer, angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, B-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma
  • the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used for the treatment of infections and infectious diseases.
  • infection refers to any state in at least one cell of an organism (i.e., a subject) is infected by an infectious agent (e.g., a subject has an intracellular pathogen infection, e.g., a chronic intracellular pathogen infection).
  • infectious agent refers to a foreign biological entity (i.e. a pathogen) that induces CD47 expression (e.g., increased CD47 expression) in at least one cell of the infected organism.
  • infectious agents include, but are not limited to bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi.
  • Intracellular pathogens are of particular interest. Infectious diseases are disorders caused by infectious agents. Some infectious agents cause no recognizable symptoms or disease under certain conditions, but have the potential to cause symptoms or disease under changed conditions.
  • the subject methods can be used in the treatment of chronic pathogen infections, for example including but not limited to viral infections, e.g. retrovirus, lentivirus, hepadna virus, herpes viruses, pox viruses, human papilloma viruses, etc.; intracellular bacterial infections, e.g.
  • Mycobacterium Chlamydophila, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Brucella, Legionella, Francisella, Listeria, Coxiella, Neisseria, Salmonella, Yersinia sp, Helicobacter pylori etc.; and intracellular protozoan pathogens, e.g. Plasmodium sp, Trypanosoma sp., Giardia sp., Toxoplasma sp., Leishmania sp., etc.
  • the invention provides methods for treating subjects using an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention, wherein the subject suffers from a viral infection.
  • the viral infection is an infection with a virus selected from the group consisting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis virus (A, B, or C), herpes virus (e.g., VZV, HSV-I, HAV-6, HSV-II, and CMV, Epstein Barr virus), adenovirus, influenza virus, flaviviruses, echovirus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, mumps virus, rotavirus, measles virus, rubella virus, parvovirus, vaccinia virus, HTLV virus, dengue virus, papillomavirus, molluscum virus, poliovirus, rabies virus, JC virus or arboviral encephalitis virus.
  • HCV human immunodeficiency virus
  • the invention provides methods for treating subjects using an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention, wherein the subject suffers from a bacterial infection.
  • the bacterial infection is infection with a bacteria selected from the group consisting of Chlamydia, rickettsial bacteria, mycobacteria, staphylococci, streptococci, pneumonococci, meningococci and gonococci, klebsiella, proteus, serratia, pseudomonas, Legionella, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Salmonella, bacilli, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium tetan, Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus anthricis, Yersinia pestis, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium lepromatosis, and Borriella.
  • the invention provides methods for treating subjects using an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention, wherein the subject suffers from a fungal infection.
  • the fungal infection is an infection with a fungus selected from the group consisting of Candida ( albicans, krusei, glabrata, tropicalis, etc.), Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus ( fumigatus, niger, etc.), Genus Mucorales ( mucor, absidia, rhizopus ), Sporothrix schenkii, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Coccidioides immitis and Histoplasma capsulatum.
  • Candida albicans, krusei, glabrata, tropicalis, etc.
  • Cryptococcus neoformans Aspergillus ( fumigatus, niger, etc.)
  • Genus Mucorales mucor, absidia,
  • the invention provides methods for treating subjects using an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention, wherein the subject suffers from a parasitic infection.
  • the parasitic infection is infection with a parasite selected from the group consisting of Entamoeba histolytica, Balantidium coli, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba, Giardia lambia, Cryptosporidium, Pneumocystis carinii, Plasmodium vivax, Babesia microti, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, Toxoplasma gondii and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.
  • a “subject” may be a mammal such as a human, dog, cat, horse, cow, mouse, rat, monkey (e.g., cynomolgous monkey, e.g., Macaca fascicularis ) or rabbit.
  • the subject is a human subject.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody e.g., humanized antibody
  • an anti-cancer agent can be formulated into a single composition for simultaneous delivery or formulated separately into two or more compositions (e.g., a kit).
  • Each component can be administered to a subject at a different time than when the other component is administered; for example, each administration may be given non-simultaneously (e.g., separately or sequentially) at several intervals over a given period of time.
  • the separate components may be administered to a subject by the same or by a different route.
  • the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used alone, or in association with other, further therapeutic agents and/or therapeutic procedures, for treating or preventing any disease such as cancer, e.g., as discussed herein, in a subject in need of such treatment or prevention.
  • Compositions e.g., pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, comprising such antibodies and fragments in association with further therapeutic agents are also part of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody or antigen binding fragment disclosed herein, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • the present invention also provides a method of treating an infection or infectious disease in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody or antigen binding fragment disclosed herein, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • the present invention also provides a method of increasing the activity of an immune cell, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment disclosed herein.
  • the method is used for: the treatment of cancer; the treatment of an infection or infectious disease; or as a vaccine adjuvant.
  • the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used alone, or in association with tumor vaccines.
  • tumor vaccines include but are not limited to vaccines for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection caused cancer such as Gardasil®, Gardisil9® and Cervarix®; vaccines that prevent hepatitis B virus caused liver cancer such as Engerix-B® and Recombivax HB®; oncolytic virus therapy that triggers immune response such as Imlygic®; DNA vaccines such as Synchotrope MA2M plasmid DNA vaccine and ZYC101; mammaglobin-a DNA vaccine (see Clinical Cancer Res.
  • HPV Human Papillomavirus
  • vector based vaccines such as PSA-TRICOM (prostvac), PANVAC-VF, Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccines (see, e.g., Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines, 2014, 2(5) 137-148), Listeria-based vaccines (Listeria expressing one or more cancer vaccines such as Listeria-mesothelin (e.g., CRS-207), ADXS-HPV, Axalimogene Filolisbac, Listeria-HER2/Neu, Listeria-EGFRvIII), Adeno-CEA; allogeneic vaccines such as GVAX, BLP-25 (anti-Ankara-mucin 1), Belagenpumatucel-L, TG4010, CIMAvax epidermal growth factor vaccine, NY-ESO, GM.CD40L-CCL21; autologous vaccines such as:Adeno-CD40L, BCG, INGN-225, Dendritic cell vaccines such as Pro
  • PSA-TRICOM prost
  • Eat-me signals could be elevated by cytotoxic therapies like radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic agents including, but not limited to anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone), oxaliplatin, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, vorinostat, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, cytarabine, prednisolone, docetaxel, mitomycin C, topotecan/camptothecin, etoposide, zoledronic acid, methotrexate, ibrutinib, aflibercept, bevacizumab, toremifene, vinblastine, vincristine, idelalisib, mercaptopurine, thalidomide, sorafenib.
  • anthracyclines doxorubicin, epirubicin
  • the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used in association with chemotherapeutic agents, in association with radiation therapy, etc.
  • the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used alone, or in association with targeted therapies.
  • targeted therapies include: hormone therapies, signal transduction inhibitors (e.g., EGFR inhibitors, such as cetuximab (Erbitux) and erlotinib (Tarceva)); CD20 inhibitors (e.g., rituximab (Rituxan) and ofatumumab (Arzerra)); CD38 inhibitors (e.g., daratumumab (DARZALEX)); CD52 inhibitors (e.g., alemtuzumab (Campath)); HER2 inhibitors (e.g., trastuzumab (Herceptin) and pertuzumab (Perjeta)); BCR-ABL inhibitors (such as imatinib (Gleevec) and dasatinib (Sprycel)); ALK inhibitors (such as crizotinib (Xalkori) and ceritinib (Zykadia)); BRAF inhibitors (such as vemurafenib (Zel)
  • the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may preferably find use in association with targeted therapies in which antibodies are employed to mediate ADCC/ADCP.
  • Functional bioassays are available to analyze the mode of action of an antibody drug and to distinguish ADCP as a mode of action from ADCC.
  • an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay typically utilizes normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or effector cells isolated thereof.
  • Assay variation can be reduced by using selective donor pools with defined Fc ⁇ receptor IIa (Fc ⁇ RIIa/CD32a), IIIa (Fc ⁇ RIIIa/CD16a) or IIIb (Fc ⁇ RIIIb/CD16b) gene copy number variation (CNV) or genotypes such as Fc ⁇ RIIIa-158 V/V versus V/F or F/F, Fc ⁇ RIIIa-131 H/H versus H/R or R/R, and the Fc ⁇ RIIIb-NA1 and -NA2 polymorphic variants.
  • Fc ⁇ receptor IIa Fc ⁇ RIIa/CD32a
  • IIIa Fc ⁇ RIIIa/CD16a
  • IIIb Fec ⁇ RIIIb/CD16b gene copy number variation
  • effector cells such as PBMCs, PBMC-derived natural killer (NK) cells, granulocytes, monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, or dendritic cells (DCs) can be replaced with a Fc ⁇ RIIIa-expressing cell line (for example, engineered NK92).
  • PBMCs PBMC-derived natural killer (NK) cells
  • NK PBMC-derived natural killer
  • DCs dendritic cells
  • Killing of the target cells can be assessed by measuring the release of specific probes from pre-labelled target cells, using 51 chromium (Cr 51 ) or fluorescent dyes such as calcein-acetoxymethyl (calcein-AM), carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), europium (Eu) or propidium iodide (PI), or by measuring the release of cytosolic enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or the release of nucleoside triphosphate (ATP).
  • Cr 51 51 chromium
  • fluorescent dyes such as calcein-acetoxymethyl (calcein-AM), carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), euro
  • ADCP antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis
  • PBMC-derived cells or myeloid cell lines such as HL-60, THP-1, and U937 cells differentiated into macrophages or granulocytes.
  • Stimuli that are commonly used to induce macrophage differentiation in monocytic cell lines include phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), and retinoic acid (RA).
  • PMA phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate
  • VD3 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
  • RA retinoic acid
  • RA is also known to induce terminal granulocytic differentiation of for example HL-60 cells.
  • Phagocytosis of the target cells can be assessed by monitoring effector cells for the internalization of specific probes from target cells pre-labelled with fluorescent dyes such as cell proliferation dye eFluor450, CFSE, and pH-sensitive dyes including pHrodo and CypHer5E. Phagocytosis is measured by an increase in fluorescently labelled effector cells using flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. “Reporter gene” assays are also available to assess ADCP. In order to measure ADCP function in a reporter gene assay, target cells are first incubated with a titration of an antibody of interest. Once the antibody is bound to its cognate target on the target cell surface, engineered Jurkat effector cells are added.
  • fluorescent dyes such as cell proliferation dye eFluor450, CFSE, and pH-sensitive dyes including pHrodo and CypHer5E.
  • the Jurkat cells produce a luciferase product by expression of the reporter gene NFAT-RE-luc2. Luciferase activity is then measured following a 4-24 hour induction period, after addition of the luciferase assay reagent.
  • the dose-dependent response in the microtiter plate-based assay can be used to quantify the relative biological activity of the therapeutic antibody compared to the dose-response curve of a suitable reference item.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention may be used in combination with an anti-cancer therapeutic agent or immunomodulatory drug such as an immunomodulatory receptor inhibitor, e.g., an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the receptor.
  • an anti-cancer therapeutic agent or immunomodulatory drug such as an immunomodulatory receptor inhibitor, e.g., an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the receptor.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with one or more of:
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with one or more cyclic dinculeotides or other STING pathway agonists.
  • STING (stimulator of interferon genes, also known as TMEM173, MITA, ERIS, and MPYS) is a transmembrane protein localized to the ER that undergoes a conformational change in response to direct binding of cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), resulting in a downstream signaling cascade involving TBK1 activation, IRF-3 phosphorylation, and production of IFN- ⁇ and other cytokines.
  • CDNs cyclic dinucleotides
  • the STING pathway in tumor-resident host antigen presenting c3ellss is involved in the induction of a spontaneous CD8+ T cell response against tumor-derived antigens. Activation of this pathway and the subsequent production of IFN- ⁇ also reportedly contributes to the anti-tumor effect of radiation.
  • STING agoinists and their uses are described in, for example, US20060040887, US20080286296, US20120041057, US20140205653, W02014179335, WO 2014179760, US20150056224, WO 2015185565, WO 2016096174, WO 2016145102, WO 2017011444, WO 2017027645, WO 2017027646, WO 2017123657, WO 2017123669, WO 2017175147, WO 2017175156, WO 2018045204, WO 2018009648, WO 2018006652, WO 2018013887, WO 2018013908, US20180002369, US20180092937, and US20180093964.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with one or more of: anti-CD47 antibody, anti-PD-1 antibody (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab, anti-PDL1 antibody, anti-TIGIT antibody, anti-APRIL antibody, anti-CTLA4 antibody, anti-CS1 antibody (e.g., elotuzumab), anti-KIR2DL1/2/3 antibody (e.g., lirilumab), anti-CD137 antibody (e.g., urelumab), anti-GITR antibody (e.g., TRX518), anti-PD-L1 antibody (e.g., BMS-936559, MSB0010718C or MPDL3280A), anti-PD-L2 antibody, anti-ILT1 antibody, anti-ILT2 antibody, anti-ILT3 antibody, anti-ILT4 antibody, anti-ILT5 antibody, anti-ILT6 antibody, anti-
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD20 antibody (e.g., rituximab, ofatumumab, ocrelizumab, obinutuzumab, ocaratuzumab, ublituximab, veltuzumab, ibritumomab tiuxetan, tositumomab, BVX-20, SCT-400 or PRO131921).
  • an anti-CD20 antibody e.g., rituximab, ofatumumab, ocrelizumab, obinutuzumab, ocaratuzumab, ublituximab, veltuzumab, ibritumomab tiuxetan, tositumomab, BVX-20, SCT-400 or PRO13192.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD38 antibody (e.g., daratumumab, isatuximab or MOR202).
  • an anti-CD38 antibody e.g., daratumumab, isatuximab or MOR202.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-EGFR antibody (e.g., cetuximab, CetuGEX, panitumumab, nimotuzumab, depatuxizumab or AFM-21).
  • an anti-EGFR antibody e.g., cetuximab, CetuGEX, panitumumab, nimotuzumab, depatuxizumab or AFM-21.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-HER2 antibody (e.g., trastuzumab, TrasGEX, pertuzumab, margetuximab or ADCT-502).
  • an anti-HER2 antibody e.g., trastuzumab, TrasGEX, pertuzumab, margetuximab or ADCT-502).
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-HER3 antibody (e.g., lumretuzumab, patritumab or LJM716).
  • an anti-HER3 antibody e.g., lumretuzumab, patritumab or LJM716
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD19 antibody (e.g., inebilizumab, blinatumomab, DI-B4, MDX-1342, MEDI-551, MOR208 or 4-G7SDIE).
  • an anti-CD19 antibody e.g., inebilizumab, blinatumomab, DI-B4, MDX-1342, MEDI-551, MOR208 or 4-G7SDIE.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD52 antibody (e.g., alemtuzumab).
  • an anti-CD52 antibody e.g., alemtuzumab
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-EpCAM antibody (e.g., adecatumumab, catumaxomab, edrecolomab or ING-1).
  • an anti-EpCAM antibody e.g., adecatumumab, catumaxomab, edrecolomab or ING-1).
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-SLAMF7 antibody (e.g., elotuzumab or ABBV-838).
  • an anti-SLAMF7 antibody e.g., elotuzumab or ABBV-838.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-PD-1 antibody (e.g., nivolumab or pembrolizumab).
  • an anti-PD-1 antibody e.g., nivolumab or pembrolizumab.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-PD-L1 antibody (e.g., BMS-936559, MSB0010718C or MPDL3280A).
  • an anti-PD-L1 antibody e.g., BMS-936559, MSB0010718C or MPDL3280A.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CTLA4 antibody (e.g., ipilimumab or tremelimumab).
  • an anti-CTLA4 antibody e.g., ipilimumab or tremelimumab.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD137 antibody (e.g., urelumab).
  • an anti-CD137 antibody e.g., urelumab
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-GITR antibody (e.g., TRX518 or FPA154).
  • an anti-GITR antibody e.g., TRX518 or FPA154.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-OX40 antibody (e.g., MEDI6469, MOXR0916 or INCAGN1949).
  • an anti-OX40 antibody e.g., MEDI6469, MOXR0916 or INCAGN1949.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD40 antibody (e.g., lucatumumab, dacetuzmumab, APX005M, ChiLob7/4, CP-870,893 or JNJ-64457107)
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CS1 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL1/2/3 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD137 (e.g., urelumab) antibody.
  • an anti-CD137 e.g., urelumab
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-GITR (e.g., TRX518) antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-PD-L2 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL1 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL2 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL3 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL4 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL5 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL6 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL7 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL8 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD40 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-OX40 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL1 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL2/3 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL4 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL5A antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL5B antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR3DL1 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR3DL2 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR3DL3 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-NKG2A antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-NKG2C antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ICOS antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-4-1BB antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-IL-10 antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-TSLP antibody.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with IL-10 or PEGylated IL-10.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with one or more of an inhibitor (e.g., a small organic molecule or an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof) such as: an MTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, a cytotoxic agent, a platinum agent, an EGFR inhibitor, a VEGF inhibitor, a microtubule stabilizer, a taxane, a CD20 inhibitor, a CD52 inhibitor, a CD30 inhibitor, a RANK (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B) inhibitor, a RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) inhibitor, an ERK inhibitor, a MAP Kinase inhibitor, an AKT inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, a HER1 inhibitor, a HER2 inhibitor, a HERS inhibitor, a HER4 inhibitor, a Bc
  • an inhibitor e
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with any one or more of: 13-cis-retinoic acid, 3-[5-(methylsulfonylpiperadinemethyl)-indolyl]-quinolone, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, 5-deooxyuridine, 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mecaptopurine, 7-hydroxystaurosporine, A-443654, abirateroneacetate, abraxane, ABT-578, acolbifene, ADS-100380, ALT-110, altretamine, amifostine, aminoglutethimide, amrubicin, Amsacrine, anagrelide, anastrozole, angiostatin, AP-23573, ARQ-197, arzoxifene, AS-252424, AS-605240, asparaginase, AT-9263, atrasent
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable anti-cancer agents to be used in combination with an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention include cytostatic agents, immune modulating imide drugs, cytotoxic agents, targeted therapeutic agents (small molecules, biologics, siRNA and microRNA) against cancer and neoplastic diseases,
  • Estrogen receptor modulators refers to compounds that interfere with or inhibit the binding of estrogen to the receptor, regardless of mechanism.
  • Examples of estrogen receptor modulators include, but are not limited to, tamoxifen, raloxifene, idoxifene, LY353381, LY117081, toremifene, fulvestrant, 4-[7-(2,2-dimethyl-l-oxopropoxy-4-methyl-2-[4-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl]-phenyl-2,2-dimethylpropanoate, 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone-2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazone, and SH646.
  • Androgen receptor modulators refers to compounds which interfere or inhibit the binding of androgens to the receptor, regardless of mechanism.
  • Examples of androgen receptor modulators include finasteride and other 5a-reductase inhibitors, nilutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide, liarozole, and abiraterone acetate.
  • Retinoid receptor modulators refers to compounds which interfere or inhibit the binding of retinoids to the receptor, regardless of mechanism. Examples of such retinoid receptor modulators include bexarotene, tretinoin, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, ⁇ -difluoromethylornithine, ILX23-7553, trans-N-(4′ -hydroxyphenyl) retinamide, and N-4-carboxyphenyl retinamide.
  • Cytotoxic/cytostatic agents refer to compounds which cause cell death or inhibit cell proliferation primarily by interfering directly with the cell's functioning or inhibit or interfere with cell myosis, including alkylating agents, tumor necrosis factors, intercalators, hypoxia activatable compounds, microtubule inhibitors/microtubule-stabilizing agents, inhibitors of mitotic kinesins, histone deacetylase inhibitors, inhibitors of kinases involved in mitotic progression, inhibitors of kinases involved in growth factor and cytokine signal transduction pathways, antimetabolites, biological response modifiers, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, haematopoietic growth factors, monoclonal antibody targeted therapeutic agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, proteosome inhibitors, ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, and aurora kinase inhibitors.
  • cytotoxic/cytostatic agents include, but are not limited to, platinum coordinator compounds, sertenef, cachectin, ifosfamide, tasonermin, lonidamine, carboplatin, altretamine, prednimustine, dibromodulcitol, ranimustine, fotemustine, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, temozolomide, heptaplatin, estramustine, improsulfan tosilate, trofosfamide, nimustine, dibrospidium chloride, pumitepa, lobaplatin, satraplatin, profiromycin, cisplatin, irofulven, dexifosfamide, cis-aminedichloro(2-methyl-pyridine)platinum, benzylguanine, glufosfamide, GPX100, (trans, trans, trans)-bis-mu-(hexane-1,6
  • hypoxia activatable compound is tirapazamine.
  • proteosome inhibitors include but are not limited to lactacystin and MLN-341 (Velcade).
  • microtubule inhibitors/microtubule-stabilising agents include taxanes in general. Specific compounds include paclitaxel (Taxol®), vindesine sulfate, 3′,4′-didehydro-4′-deoxy-8′-norvincaleukoblastine, docetaxol (Taxotere®), rhizoxin, dolastatin, mivobulin isethionate, auristatin, cemadotin, RPR109881, BMS184476, vinflunine, cryptophycin, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-N-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) benzene sulfonamide, anhydrovinblastine, N,N-dimethyl-L-valyl-L-valyl-N-methyl-L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline-t-butylamide, TDX258, the epothilones
  • topoisomerase inhibitors are topotecan, hycaptamine, irinotecan, rubitecan, 6-ethoxypropionyl-3′,4′-O-exo-benzylidene-chartreusin, 9-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-5-nitropyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-2-(6H) propanamine, 1-amino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H,12H-benzo[de]pyrano[3′,4′:b,7]-indolizino[1,2b]quinoline-10,13(9H,15H)dione, lurtotecan, 7-[2-(N-isopropylamino)ethyl]-(20S)camptothecin, BNP1350, BNPI1100, BN80915, BN80942, etoposide phosphate, BNP
  • inhibitors of mitotic kinesins include, but are not limited to inhibitors of KSP, inhibitors of MKLP1, inhibitors of CENP-E, inhibitors of MCAK and inhibitors of Rab6-KIFL.
  • histone deacetylase inhibitors include, but are not limited to, SAHA, TSA, oxamflatin, PXD101, MG98 and scriptaid. Further reference to other histone deacetylase inhibitors may be found in the following manuscript; Miller, T. A. et al. J. Med. Chem. 46(24):5097-5116 (2003).
  • “Inhibitors of kinases involved in mitotic progression” include, but are not limited to, inhibitors of aurora kinase, inhibitors of Polo-like kinases (PLK; in particular inhibitors of PLK-1), inhibitors of bub-1 and inhibitors of bub-R1.
  • PLK Polo-like kinases
  • An example of an “aurora kinase inhibitor” is VX-680.
  • Antiproliferative agents includes antisense RNA and DNA oligonucleotides such as G3139, ODN698, RVASKRAS, GEM231, and INX3001, and antimetabolites such as enocitabine, carmofur, tegafur, pentostatin, doxifluridine, trimetrexate, fludarabine, capecitabine, galocitabine, cytarabine ocfosfate, fosteabine sodium hydrate, raltitrexed, paltitrexid, emitefur, tiazofurin, decitabine, nolatrexed, pemetrexed, nelzarabine, 2′-deoxy-2′-methylidenecytidine, 2′-fluoromethylene-2′-deoxycytidine, N-[5-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuryl)sulfonyl]-N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ure
  • monoclonal antibody targeted therapeutic agents include those therapeutic agents which have cytotoxic agents or radioisotopes attached to a cancer cell specific or target cell specific monoclonal antibody. Examples include Bexxar.
  • Prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor refers to a compound which inhibits any one or any combination of the prenyl-protein transferase enzymes, including farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase), geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGPTase-I), and geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type-II (GGPTase-II, also called Rab GGPTase).
  • FPTase farnesyl-protein transferase
  • GGPTase-I geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I
  • GGPTase-II geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type-II
  • prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors can be found in the following publications and patents: WO 96/30343, WO 97/18813, WO 97/21701, WO 97/23478, WO 97/38665, WO 98/28980, WO 98/29119, WO 95/32987, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,420,245, 5,523,430, 5,532,359, 5,510,510, 5,589,485, 5,602,098, European Patent Publ. 0 618 221, European Patent Publ. 0 675 112, European Patent Publ. 0 604 181, European Patent Publ.
  • Angiogenesis inhibitors refers to compounds that inhibit the formation of new blood vessels, regardless of mechanism.
  • angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase receptors Flt-1 (VEGFR1) and Flk-1/KDR (VEGFR2), inhibitors of epidermal-derived, fibroblast-derived, or platelet derived growth factors, MMP (matrix metalloprotease) inhibitors, integrin blockers, interferon-a, interleukin-12, pentosan polysulfate, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen as well as selective cyclooxy-genase-2 inhibitors like celecoxib and rofecoxib (PNAS, Vol.
  • NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories
  • NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-
  • steroidal anti-inflammatories such as corticosteroids, mineralocorticoids, dexamethasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylpred, betamethasone), carboxyamidotriazole, combretastatin A-4, squalamine, 6-O-chloroacetyl-carbonyl)-fumagillol, thalidomide, angiostatin, troponin-1, angiotensin II antagonists (see Fernandez et al., J. Lab. Clin. Med.
  • angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to, endostatin, ukrain, ranpirnase, IM862, 5-methoxy-4-[2-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxiranyl]-1-oxaspiro[2,5]oct-6-yl(chloroacetyl)carbamate, acetyldinanaline, 5-amino-1-[[3,5-dichloro-4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide, CM101, squalamine, combretastatin, RPI4610, NX31838, sulfated mannopentaose phosphate, 7,7-(carbonyl-bis[imino-N-methyl-4,2-pyrrolocarbonylimino[N-methyl-4,2-pyrrole]-carbonylimino]-bis-(1,3-naphthal
  • agents that modulate or inhibit angiogenesis and may also be used in combination with the compounds of the instant invention include agents that modulate or inhibit the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems (see review in Clin. Chem. La. Med. 38:679-692 (2000)).
  • agents that modulate or inhibit the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways include, but are not limited to, heparin (see Thromb. Haemost. 80:10-23 (1998)), low molecular weight heparins and carboxypeptidase U inhibitors (also known as inhibitors of active thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor [TAFIa]) (see Thrombosis Res. 101:329-354 (2001)).
  • TAFIa inhibitors have been described in U.S. Ser. Nos. 60/310,927 (filed Aug. 8, 2001) and 60/349,925 (filed Jan. 18, 2002).
  • Agents that interfere with cell cycle checkpoints refer to compounds that inhibit protein kinases that transduce cell cycle checkpoint signals, thereby sensitizing the cancer cell to DNA damaging agents.
  • agents include inhibitors of ATR, ATM, the CHK11 and CHK12 kinases and cdk and cdc kinase inhibitors and are specifically exemplified by 7-hydroxystaurosporin, flavopiridol, CYC202 (Cyclacel) and BMS-387032.
  • agents that interfere with receptor tyrosine kinases refer to compounds that inhibit RTKs and therefore mechanisms involved in oncogenesis and tumor progression. Such agents include inhibitors of c-Kit, Eph, PDGF, Flt3 and c-Met. Further agents include inhibitors of RTKs as described by Bume-Jensen and Hunter, Nature, 411:355-365, 2001.
  • “Inhibitors of cell proliferation and survival signalling pathway” refer to compounds that inhibit signal transduction cascades downstream of cell surface receptors. Such agents include inhibitors of serine/threonine kinases (including but not limited to inhibitors of Akt such as described in WO 02/083064, WO 02/083139, WO 02/083140, US 2004-0116432, WO 02/083138, US 2004-0102360, WO 03/086404, WO 03/086279, WO 03/086394, WO 03/084473, WO 03/086403, WO 2004/041162, WO 2004/096131, WO 2004/096129, WO 2004/096135, WO 2004/096130, WO 2005/100356, WO 2005/100344, US 2005/029941, US 2005/44294, US 2005/43361, 60/734188, 60/652737, 60/670469), inhibitors of Raf kinase (for example PLX-4032), inhibitors of
  • integrated circuit blockers refers to compounds which selectively antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand to the ⁇ v ⁇ 3integrin, to compounds which selectively antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand to the av ⁇ 5 integrin, to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand to both the a V ⁇ 3 integrin and the ⁇ V ⁇ 5 integrin, and to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract the activity of the particular integrin(s) expressed on capillary endothelial cells.
  • the term also refers to antagonists of the ⁇ v ⁇ 6 , ⁇ v ⁇ 8 , ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 , and ⁇ 6 ⁇ 4 integrins.
  • the term also refers to antagonists of any combination of ⁇ v ⁇ 3 , ⁇ v ⁇ 5 , ⁇ v ⁇ 8 , ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 5 ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 6 ⁇ 1 , and ⁇ 6 ⁇ 4 integrins.
  • tyrosine kinase inhibitors include N-(trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-carboxamide, 3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylidenyl)indolin-2-one, 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, 4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)-7-methoxy-6-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxyl]quinazoline, N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-quinazolinamine, BIBX1382, 2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10-(hydroxymethyl)-10-hydroxy-9-methyl-9,12-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg:3′,2′,1′-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i][1,
  • Combinations of the instantly claimed antibodies or antigen binding fragments with PPAR- ⁇ (i.e., PPAR-gamma) agonists and PPAR- ⁇ (i.e., PPAR-delta) agonists may be useful in the treatment of certain malignancies.
  • PPAR- ⁇ and PPAR- ⁇ are the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • the expression of PPAR- ⁇ on endothelial cells and its involvement in angiogenesis has been reported in the literature (see J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1998; 31: 909-913; J. Biol. Chem. 1999; 274: 9116-9121; Invest. Ophthalmol Vis. Sci. 2000; 41: 2309-2317).
  • PPAR- ⁇ agonists have been shown to inhibit the angiogenic response to VEGF in vitro; both troglitazone and rosiglitazone maleate inhibit the development of retinal neovascularization in mice. ( Arch. Ophthamol. 2001; 119: 709-717).
  • PPAR- ⁇ agonists and PPAR- ⁇ / ⁇ agonists include, but are not limited to, Lynparza®, Rucaparib®, Talazoparib®, niraparib, Veliparib®, thiazolidinediones (such as DRF2725, CS-011, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone), fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, GW2570, SB219994, AR-H039242, JTT-501, MCC-555, GW2331, GW409544, NN2344, KRP297, NP0110, DRF4158, NN622, GI262570, PNU182716, DRF552926, 2-[(5,7-dipropyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)oxy]-2-methylpropionic acid, and 2(R)-7-(3-(3
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment of the instant invention may also be useful for treating or preventing breast cancer in combination with aromatase inhibitors.
  • aromatase inhibitors include but are not limited to: anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane.
  • the antibody or antigen binding fragment of the instant invention may also be useful for treating cancer in combination with the following chemotherapeutic agents: abarelix (Plenaxis depot®); aldesleukin (Prokine®); Aldesleukin (Proleukin®); Alemtuzumab (Campath®); alitretinoin (Panretin®); allopurinol (Zyloprim®); altretamine (Hexalen®); amifostine (Ethyol®); anastrozole (Arimidex®); arsenic trioxide (Trisenox®); asparaginase (Elspar®); azacitidine (Vidaza®); bendamustine hydrochloride (Treanda®); bevacuzimab (Avastin®); bexarotene capsules (Targretin®); bexarotene gel (Targretin®); bleomycin (Blenoxane®); bortezomib (
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with one or more antiemetics including, but not limited to: casopitant (GlaxoSmithKline), Netupitant (MGI-Helsinn) and other NK-1 receptor antagonists, palonosetron (sold as Aloxi by MGI Pharma), aprepitant (sold as Emend by Merck and Co.; Rahway, N.J.), diphenhydramine (sold as Benadryl® by Pfizer; New York, N.Y.), hydroxyzine (sold as Atarax® by Pfizer; New York, N.Y.), metoclopramide (sold as Reglan® by AH Robins Co,; Richmond, Va.), lorazepam (sold as Ativan® by Wyeth; Madison, N.J.), alprazolam (sold as Xanax® by Pfizer; New York, N.Y.), haloperidol (
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is in association with an agent which treats or prevents such a deficiency, such as, e.g., filgrastim, PEG-filgrastim, erythropoietin, epoetin alfa or darbepoetin alfa.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is administered in association with anti-cancer radiation therapy.
  • the radiation therapy is external beam therapy (EBT): a method for delivering a beam of high-energy X-rays to the location of the tumor. The beam is generated outside the patient (e.g., by a linear accelerator) and is targeted at the tumor site. These X-rays can destroy the cancer cells and careful treatment planning allows the surrounding normal tissues to be spared. No radioactive sources are placed inside the patient's body.
  • the radiation therapy is proton beam therapy: a type of conformal therapy that bombards the diseased tissue with protons instead of X-rays.
  • the radiation therapy is conformal external beam radiation therapy: a procedure that uses advanced technology to tailor the radiation therapy to an individual's body structures.
  • the radiation therapy is brachytherapy: the temporary placement of radioactive materials within the body, usually employed to give an extra dose—or boost—of radiation to an area.
  • a surgical procedure is administered in association with an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is surgical tumorectomy.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used as affinity purification agents.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are immobilized on a solid phase such a Sephadex, glass or agarose resin or filter paper, using methods well known in the art.
  • the immobilized antibody or fragment is contacted with a sample containing the SIRP ⁇ protein (or a fragment thereof) to be purified, and thereafter the support is washed with a suitable solvent that will remove substantially all the material in the sample except the SIRP ⁇ protein, which is bound to the immobilized antibody or fragment. Finally, the support is washed with a solvent which elutes the bound SIRP ⁇ (e.g., protein A).
  • a solvent which elutes the bound SIRP ⁇ e.g., protein A
  • antigens for generating secondary antibodies which are useful for example for performing Western blots and other immunoassays discussed herein.
  • Anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies e.g., humanized antibodies
  • antigen-binding fragments thereof may also be useful in diagnostic assays for SIRP ⁇ protein, e.g., detecting its expression in specific cells, tissues, or serum, e.g., myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and dendritic cells.
  • Such diagnostic methods may be useful in various disease diagnoses.
  • the present invention includes ELISA assays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) incorporating the use of an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof disclosed herein.
  • such a method comprises the following steps:
  • Detection of the label associated with the substrate indicates the presence of the SIRP ⁇ protein.
  • the labeled antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is labeled with peroxidase which react with ABTS (e.g., 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) or 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine to produce a color change which is detectable.
  • ABTS e.g., 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)
  • 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine e.g., 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)
  • 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine e.g., 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)
  • 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine e.g., 2,2′-azino
  • An anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention may be used in a Western blot or immune-protein blot procedure.
  • a procedure forms part of the present invention and includes e.g.:
  • Such a membrane may take the form of a nitrocellulose or vinyl-based (e.g., polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)) membrane to which the proteins to be tested for the presence of SIRP ⁇ in a non-denaturing PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) gel or SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) gel have been transferred (e.g., following electrophoretic separation in the gel).
  • PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
  • SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
  • Detection of the bound antibody or fragment indicates that the SIRP ⁇ protein is present on the membrane or substrate and in the sample.
  • Detection of the bound antibody or fragment may be by binding the antibody or fragment with a secondary antibody (an anti-immunoglobulin antibody) which is detectably labeled and, then, detecting the presence of the secondary antibody.
  • a secondary antibody an anti-immunoglobulin antibody
  • anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may also be used for immunohistochemistry.
  • Such a method forms part of the present invention and comprises, e.g.,
  • the antibody or fragment itself is detectably labeled, it can be detected directly. Alternatively, the antibody or fragment may be bound by a detectably labeled secondary antibody which is detected.
  • Certain anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may also be used for in vivo tumor imaging.
  • Such a method may include injection of a radiolabeled anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof into the body of a patient to be tested for the presence of a tumor associated with SIRP ⁇ expression (e.g., which expresses SIRP ⁇ , for example, on the tumor cell surface) followed by nuclear imaging of the body of the patient to detect the presence of the labeled antibody or fragment e.g., at loci comprising a high concentration of the antibody or fragment which are bound to the tumor. The detection of the loci indicates the presence of the SIRP ⁇ + tumor and tumor cells.
  • Imaging techniques include SPECT imaging (single photon emission computed tomography) or PET imaging (positron emission tomography).
  • Labels include e.g., iodine-123 ( 123 I) and technetium-99m ( 99m Tc), e.g., in conjunction with SPECT imaging or 11 C, 13 N, 15 O or 18 F, e.g., in conjunction with PET imaging or Indium-111 (See e.g., Gordon et al., (2005) International Rev. Neurobiol. 67:385-440).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. See, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences and U.S. Pharmacopeia: National Formulary, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa. (1984).
  • Formulations of therapeutic and diagnostic agents may be prepared by mixing with acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers in the form of, e.g., lyophilized powders, slurries, aqueous solutions or suspensions (see, e.g., Hardman, et al. (2001) Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.; Gennaro (2000) Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, New York, N.Y.; Avis, et al. (eds.) (1993) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications, Marcel Dekker, NY; Lieberman, et al.
  • Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the antibodies of the invention, administered alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the LD 50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED 50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population).
  • the dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index (LD 50 /ED 50 ).
  • the data obtained from these cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in human.
  • the dosage of such compounds lies preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED 50 with little or no toxicity.
  • the dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration.
  • a further therapeutic agent that is administered to a subject in association with an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention in accordance with the Physicians' Desk Reference 2003 (Thomson Healthcare; 57th edition (Nov. 1, 2002)).
  • the mode of administration can vary. Routes of administration include oral, rectal, transmucosal, intestinal, parenteral; intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramedullary, intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, intraocular, inhalation, insufflation, topical, cutaneous, transdermal, or intra-arterial.
  • the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention can be administered by an invasive route such as by injection.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or pharmaceutical composition thereof is administered intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intraarterially, intratumorally, or by inhalation, aerosol delivery.
  • Administration by non-invasive routes e.g., orally; for example, in a pill, capsule or tablet) is also within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a vessel (e.g., a plastic or glass vial, e.g., with a cap or a chromatography column, hollow bore needle or a syringe cylinder) comprising any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • a vessel e.g., a plastic or glass vial, e.g., with a cap or a chromatography column, hollow bore needle or a syringe cylinder
  • an injection device comprising any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • An injection device is a device that introduces a substance into the body of a patient via a parenteral route, e.g., intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous.
  • an injection device may be a syringe (e.g., pre-filled with the pharmaceutical composition, such as an auto-injector) which, for example, includes a cylinder or barrel for holding fluid to be injected (e.g., antibody or fragment or a pharmaceutical composition thereof), a needle for piecing skin and/or blood vessels for injection of the fluid; and a plunger for pushing the fluid out of the cylinder and through the needle bore.
  • an injection device that comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof is an intravenous (IV) injection device.
  • Such a device includes the antibody or fragment or a pharmaceutical composition thereof in a cannula or trocar/needle which may be attached to a tube which may be attached to a bag or reservoir for holding fluid (e.g., saline; or lactated ringer solution comprising NaCl, sodium lactate, KCl, CaCl 2 and optionally including glucose) introduced into the body of the patient through the cannula or trocar/needle.
  • fluid e.g., saline; or lactated ringer solution comprising NaCl, sodium lactate, KCl, CaCl 2 and optionally including glucose
  • the antibody or fragment or a pharmaceutical composition thereof may, in an embodiment of the invention, be introduced into the device once the trocar and cannula are inserted into the vein of a subject and the trocar is removed from the inserted cannula.
  • the IV device may, for example, be inserted into a peripheral vein (e.g., in the hand or arm); the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava, or within the right atrium of the heart (e.g., a central IV); or into a subclavian, internal jugular, or a femoral vein and, for example, advanced toward the heart until it reaches the superior vena cava or right atrium (e.g., a central venous line).
  • an injection device is an autoinjector; a jet injector or an external infusion pump.
  • a jet injector uses a high-pressure narrow jet of liquid which penetrate the epidermis to introduce the antibody or fragment or a pharmaceutical composition thereof to a patient's body.
  • External infusion pumps are medical devices that deliver the antibody or fragment or a pharmaceutical composition thereof into a patient's body in controlled amounts. External infusion pumps may be powered electrically or mechanically.
  • Different pumps operate in different ways, for example, a syringe pump holds fluid in the reservoir of a syringe, and a moveable piston controls fluid delivery, an elastomeric pump holds fluid in a stretchable balloon reservoir, and pressure from the elastic walls of the balloon drives fluid delivery.
  • a set of rollers pinches down on a length of flexible tubing, pushing fluid forward.
  • fluids can be delivered from multiple reservoirs at multiple rates.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may also be administered with a needleless hypodermic injection device; such as the devices disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,620,135; 6,096,002; 5,399,163; 5,383,851; 5,312,335; 5,064,413; 4,941,880; 4,790,824 or 4,596,556.
  • a needleless hypodermic injection device such as the devices disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,620,135; 6,096,002; 5,399,163; 5,383,851; 5,312,335; 5,064,413; 4,941,880; 4,790,824 or 4,596,556.
  • Such needleless devices comprising the pharmaceutical composition are also part of the present invention.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may also be administered by infusion. Examples of well-known implants and modules for administering the pharmaceutical compositions include those disclosed in: U.S. Pat. No. 4,487,603, which discloses an implantable micro
  • the liposomes will be targeted to and taken up selectively by the afflicted tissue.
  • Such methods and liposomes are part of the present invention.
  • the administration regimen depends on several factors, including the serum or tissue turnover rate of the therapeutic antibody or antigen-binding fragment, the level of symptoms, the immunogenicity of the therapeutic antibody, and the accessibility of the target cells in the biological matrix.
  • the administration regimen delivers sufficient therapeutic antibody or fragment to effect improvement in the target disease state, while simultaneously minimizing undesired side effects.
  • the amount of biologic delivered depends in part on the particular therapeutic antibody and the severity of the condition being treated. Guidance in selecting appropriate doses of therapeutic antibodies or fragments is available (see, e.g., Wawrzynczak (1996) Antibody Therapy, Bios Scientific Pub.
  • Determination of the appropriate dose is made by the clinician, e.g., using parameters or factors known or suspected in the art to affect treatment. Generally, the dose begins with an amount somewhat less than the optimum dose and it is increased by small increments thereafter until the desired or optimum effect is achieved relative to any negative side effects.
  • Important diagnostic measures include those of symptoms of, e.g., the inflammation or level of inflammatory cytokines produced.
  • a biologic that will be used is derived from the same species as the animal targeted for treatment, thereby minimizing any immune response to the reagent.
  • humanized and fully human antibodies may be desirable.
  • Antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be provided by continuous infusion, or by doses administered, e.g., daily, 1-7 times per week, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, semiannually, annually etc.
  • Doses may be provided, e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously, topically, orally, nasally, rectally, intramuscular, intracerebrally, intraspinally, or by inhalation.
  • a total weekly dose is generally at least 0.05 ⁇ g/kg body weight, more generally at least 0.2 ⁇ g/kg, 0.5 ⁇ g/kg, 1 ⁇ g/kg, 10 ⁇ g/kg, 100 ⁇ g/kg, 0.25 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 2.0 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/mL, 10 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg or more (see, e.g., Yang, et al. (2003) New Engl. J. Med. 349:427-434; Herold, et al. (2002) New Engl. J. Med. 346:1692-1698; Liu, et al. (1999) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych.
  • Doses may also be provided to achieve a pre-determined target concentration of anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody in the subject's serum, such as 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 ⁇ g/mL or more.
  • An anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody of the present invention is administered, e.g., subcutaneously or intravenously, on a weekly, biweekly, “every 4 weeks,” monthly, bimonthly, or quarterly basis at 10, 20, 50, 80, 100, 200, 500, 1000 or 2500 mg/subject.
  • an effective amount refers to an amount of an anti-SIRP ⁇ or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention that, when administered alone or in combination with an additional therapeutic agent to a cell, tissue, or subject, is effective to cause a measurable improvement in one or more symptoms of disease, for example cancer or the progression of cancer.
  • An effective dose further refers to that amount of the antibody or fragment sufficient to result in at least partial amelioration of symptoms, e.g., tumor shrinkage or elimination, lack of tumor growth, increased survival time.
  • an effective dose refers to that ingredient alone.
  • an effective dose refers to combined amounts of the active ingredients that result in the therapeutic effect, whether administered in combination, serially or simultaneously.
  • An effective amount of a therapeutic will result in an improvement of a diagnostic measure or parameter by at least 10%; usually by at least 20%; preferably at least about 30%; more preferably at least 40%, and most preferably by at least 50%.
  • An effective amount can also result in an improvement in a subjective measure in cases where subjective measures are used to assess disease severity.
  • kits comprising one or more components that include, but are not limited to, an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment, as discussed herein in association with one or more additional components including, but not limited to a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or a therapeutic agent, as discussed herein.
  • the antibody or fragment and/or the therapeutic agent can be formulated as a pure composition or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, in a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the kit includes an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof in one container (e.g., in a sterile glass or plastic vial) and/or a therapeutic agent and a pharmaceutical composition thereof in another container (e.g., in a sterile glass or plastic vial).
  • the kit comprises a combination of the invention, including an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention along with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, optionally in combination with one or more therapeutic agents formulated together, optionally, in a pharmaceutical composition, in a single, common container.
  • the kit can include a device for performing such administration.
  • the kit can include one or more hypodermic needles or other injection devices as discussed above.
  • the kit can include a package insert including information concerning the pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms in the kit.
  • information concerning the pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms in the kit aids patients and physicians in using the enclosed pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms effectively and safely.
  • the following information regarding a combination of the invention may be supplied in the insert: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical studies, efficacy parameters, indications and usage, contraindications, warnings, precautions, adverse reactions, overdosage, proper dosage and administration, how supplied, proper storage conditions, references, manufacturer/distributor information and patent information.
  • the kit can also comprise a second therapeutic, for example one or more of: anti-CD47 antibody, anti-APRIL antibody, anti-PD-1 antibody (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab, anti-PDL1 antibody, anti-TIGIT antibody, anti-CTLA4 antibody, anti-CS1 antibody (e.g., elotuzumab), anti-KIR2DL1/2/3 antibody (e.g., lirilumab), anti-CD137 antibody (e.g., urelumab), anti-GITR antibody (e.g., TRX518), anti-PD-L1 antibody (e.g., BMS-936559, MSB0010718C or MPDL3280A), anti-PD-L2 antibody, anti-ILT1 antibody, anti-ILT2 antibody, anti-ILT3 antibody, anti-ILT4 antibody, anti-ILT5 antibody, anti-ILT6 antibody, anti-ILT7 antibody, anti-ILT8 antibody, anti-CD40 antibody
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention can be provided in a kit, i.e., a packaged combination of reagents in predetermined amounts with instructions for performing the diagnostic or detection assay.
  • the kit will include substrates and cofactors required by the enzyme (e.g., a substrate precursor which provides the detectable chromophore or fluorophore).
  • substrates and cofactors required by the enzyme e.g., a substrate precursor which provides the detectable chromophore or fluorophore.
  • other additives may be included such as stabilizers, buffers (e.g., a block buffer or lysis buffer) and the like.
  • the relative amounts of the various reagents may be varied widely to provide for concentrations in solution of the reagents which substantially optimize the sensitivity of the assay.
  • the reagents may be provided as dry powders, usually lyophilized, including excipients which on dissolution will provide a reagent solution having the appropriate concentration.
  • kits comprising one or more such reagents for use in a variety of detection assays, including for example, immunoassays such as ELISA (sandwich-type or competitive format).
  • the kit's components may be pre-attached to a solid support, or may be applied to the surface of a solid support when the kit is used.
  • the signal generating means may come pre-associated with an antibody or fragment of the invention or may require combination with one or more components, e.g., buffers, antibody-enzyme conjugates, enzyme substrates, or the like, prior to use.
  • Kits may also include additional reagents, e.g., blocking reagents for reducing nonspecific binding to the solid phase surface, washing reagents, enzyme substrates, and the like.
  • the solid phase surface may be in the form of a tube, a bead, a microtiter plate, a microsphere, or other materials suitable for immobilizing proteins, peptides, or polypeptides.
  • an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a chemilluminescent or chromogenic product or the reduction of a chemilluminescent or chromogenic substrate is a component of the signal generating means. Such enzymes are well known in the art.
  • Kits may comprise any of the capture agents and detection reagents described herein.
  • the kit may also comprise instructions for carrying out the methods of the invention.
  • kits comprising an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody (e.g., humanized antibody) or antigen-binding fragment thereof packaged in a container, such as a vial or bottle, and further comprising a label attached to or packaged with the container, the label describing the contents of the container and providing indications and/or instructions regarding use of the contents of the container to treat one or more disease states as described herein.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody e.g., humanized antibody
  • a label attached to or packaged with the container, the label describing the contents of the container and providing indications and/or instructions regarding use of the contents of the container to treat one or more disease states as described herein.
  • the kit is for treating cancer and comprises an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody (e.g., humanized antibody) or antigen-binding fragment thereof and a further therapeutic agent or a vaccine.
  • the kit may optionally further include a syringe for parenteral, e.g., intravenous, administration.
  • the kit comprises an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody (e.g., humanized antibody) or antigen-binding fragment thereof and a label attached to or packaged with the container describing use of the antibody or fragment with the vaccine or further therapeutic agent.
  • the kit comprises the vaccine or further therapeutic agent and a label attached to or packaged with the container describing use of the vaccine or further therapeutic agent with the anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody or fragment.
  • an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody and vaccine or further therapeutic agent are in separate vials or are combined together in the same pharmaceutical composition.
  • concurrent administration of two therapeutic agents does not require that the agents be administered at the same time or by the same route, as long as there is an overlap in the time period during which the agents are exerting their therapeutic effect.
  • Simultaneous or sequential administration is contemplated, as is administration on different days or weeks.
  • the therapeutic and detection kits disclosed herein may also be prepared that comprise at least one of the antibody, peptide, antigen-binding fragment, or polynucleotide disclosed herein and instructions for using the composition as a detection reagent or therapeutic agent.
  • Containers for use in such kits may typically comprise at least one vial, test tube, flask, bottle, syringe or other suitable container, into which one or more of the detection and/or therapeutic composition(s) may be placed, and preferably suitably aliquoted.
  • the kit may also contain a second distinct container into which this second detection and/or therapeutic composition may be placed.
  • kits disclosed herein will also typically include a means for containing the vial(s) in close confinement for commercial sale, such as, e.g., injection or blow-molded plastic containers into which the desired vial(s) are retained.
  • the labeling agent may be provided either in the same container as the detection or therapeutic composition itself, or may alternatively be placed in a second distinct container means into which this second composition may be placed and suitably aliquoted.
  • the detection reagent and the label may be prepared in a single container means, and in most cases, the kit will also typically include a means for containing the vial(s) in close confinement for commercial sale and/or convenient packaging and delivery.
  • a device or apparatus for carrying out the detection or monitoring methods described herein may include a chamber or tube into which sample can be input, a fluid handling system optionally including valves or pumps to direct flow of the sample through the device, optionally filters to separate plasma or serum from blood, mixing chambers for the addition of capture agents or detection reagents, and optionally a detection device for detecting the amount of detectable label bound to the capture agent immunocomplex.
  • a fluid handling system optionally including valves or pumps to direct flow of the sample through the device, optionally filters to separate plasma or serum from blood, mixing chambers for the addition of capture agents or detection reagents, and optionally a detection device for detecting the amount of detectable label bound to the capture agent immunocomplex.
  • the flow of sample may be passive (e.g., by capillary, hydrostatic, or other forces that do not require further manipulation of the device once sample is applied) or active (e.g., by application of force generated via mechanical pumps, electroosmotic pumps, centrifugal force, or increased air pressure), or by a combination of active and passive forces.
  • a processor also provided is a processor, a computer readable memory, and a routine stored on the computer readable memory and adapted to be executed on the processor to perform any of the methods described herein.
  • suitable computing systems, environments, and/or configurations include personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, or any other systems known in the art.
  • Embodiment 1 An antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRP ⁇ , wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises one or more, and optionally each, of:
  • Embodiment 2 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 1, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises
  • Embodiment 3 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 2, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises one or both of:
  • Embodiment 4 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 3, wherein the antibody or fragment thereof has the following characteristics:
  • Embodiment 5 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 1, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises one of the following combinations of heavy chain sequence/light chain sequence:
  • Embodiment 6 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the antibody is an intact IgG.
  • Embodiment 7 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 1-6, wherein the antibody comprises a wild-type or mutated IgG2 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 8 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 1-6, wherein the antibody comprises a mutated IgG1 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 9 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 1-6, wherein the antibody comprises a mutated IgG4 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 10 An antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to the same epitope of human SIRP ⁇ as an antibody as an antibody according to embodiment 5.
  • Embodiment 11 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-10, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment is humanized.
  • Embodiment 12 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 10 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 20.
  • Embodiment 13 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 16 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 28.
  • Embodiment 14 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 18 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 20.
  • Embodiment 15 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 90.
  • Embodiment 16 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 92.
  • Embodiment 17 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 95.
  • Embodiment 18 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of embodiments 1-17 that comprises a glycosylation pattern characteristic of expression by a mammalian cell, and optionally is glycosylated by expression from a CHO cell.
  • Embodiment 19 An isolated polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 30, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32, or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 20 An isolated nucleic acid encoding any one of the antibodies or antigen binding fragments of embodiments 1-18, or any one of the polypeptides of embodiment 19.
  • Embodiment 21 An isolated nucleic acid of embodiment 20 comprising:
  • Embodiment 22 An expression vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid of embodiment 20 or 21.
  • Embodiment 23 An expression vector of embodiment 22, encoding both a heavy chain sequence and a light chain sequence of an anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody, the expression vectors comprising the following a first nucleic acid sequence/second nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
  • Embodiment 24 A host cell comprising expression vector of embodiment 22 or 23.
  • Embodiment 25 A host cell of embodiment 24 which produces a full length anti-SIRP ⁇ antibody.
  • Embodiment 26 The host cell of one of embodiments 24 or 25, which is a bacterial cell, a human cell, a mammalian cell, a Pichia cell, a plant cell, an HEK293 cell, or a Chinese hamster ovary cell.
  • Embodiment 27 A composition comprising the antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of embodiments 1-18 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • Embodiment 28 The composition of embodiment 27, further comprising a second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that induces ADCC and/or ADCP, wherein said antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention enhances the antibody-mediated destruction of cells by the second antibody.
  • Embodiment 29 The composition according to embodiment 28, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof binds to an antigen selected from the group consisting of AMHR2, AXL, BCMA, CA IX, CD4, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD52, CD98, CSF1R, GD2, CCR4, CS1, EpCam, EGFR, EGFRvIII, Endoglin, EPHA2, EphA3, FGFR2b, folate receptor alpha, fucosyl-GM1, HER2, HERS, IL1RAP, kappa myeloma antigen, MS4A1, prolactin receptor, TA-MUC1, and PSMA.
  • an antigen selected from the group consisting of AMHR2, AXL, BCMA, CA IX, CD4, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD52, CD98, CSF1R, GD2, CCR4,
  • Embodiment 30 The composition according to embodiment 29, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, ADCT-502, Hu14.18K322A, Hu3F8, Dinituximab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, Rituximab-RLI, c.60C3-RLI, Hu14.18-IL2, KM2812, AFM13, (CD20)2xCD16, erlotinib (Tarceva), daratumumab, alemtuzumab, pertuzumab, brentuximab, elotuzumab, ibritumomab, ifabotuzumab, farletuzumab, otlertuzumab, carotuximab, eprat
  • Embodiment 31 The composition according to embodiment 28, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof induces ADCP.
  • Embodiment 32 The composition according to embodiment 31, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, alemtuzumab, ibritumomab, farletuzumab, inebilizumab, lumretuzumab, 4G7SDIE, BMS-986012, BVX-20, mogamulizumab, ChiLob-7/4, GM102, GSK-2857916, PankoMab-GEX, chKM-4927, MDX-1097, MOR202, and MOR-208.
  • the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN
  • Embodiment 33 The composition of embodiment 27, further comprising one or more agents selected from the group consisting of anti-CD27 antibody, anti-CD47 antibody, anti-APRIL antibody, anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, anti-TIGIT antibody, anti-CTLA4 antibody, anti-CS1 antibody, anti-KIR2DL1/2/3 antibody, anti-CD137 antibody, anti-GITR antibody, anti-PD-L2 antibody, anti-ILT1 antibody, anti-ILT2 antibody, anti-ILT3 antibody, anti-ILT4 antibody, anti-ILT5 antibody, anti-ILT6 antibody, anti-ILT7 antibody, anti-ILT8 antibody, anti-CD40 antibody, anti-OX40 antibody, anti-ICOS, anti-KIR2DL1 antibody, anti-KIR2DL2/3 antibody, anti-KIR2DL4 antibody, anti-KIR2DL5A antibody, anti-KIR2DL5B antibody, anti-KIR3DL1 antibody, anti-KIR3DL2 antibody, anti-KIR3DL3
  • Embodiment 34 A method of producing an antibody or antigen binding fragment comprising:
  • Embodiment 35 A method for detecting the presence of a SIRP ⁇ peptide or a fragment thereof in a sample comprising contacting the sample with an antibody or fragment of any of embodiments 1-18 and detecting the presence of a complex between the antibody or fragment and the peptide; wherein detection of the complex indicates the presence of the SIRP ⁇ peptide.
  • Embodiment 36 An antibody or antigen binding fragment according to any one of embodiments 1-18 or a composition according to any one of embodiments 21-25, for the treatment of cancer or an infectious disease.
  • Embodiment 37 An antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiments 1-18 or a composition according to any one of embodiments 27-33 for decreasing SIRP ⁇ /CD47 signalling in a human subject.
  • Embodiment 38 A method of treating cancer in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of embodiments 1-18, or an expression vector according to one of embodiments 22 or 23, or a host cell according to one of embodiments 24-26, or a composition according one of embodiments 27-33, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • Embodiment 39 A method of treating cancer in a human subject, comprising: administering to the subject an effective amount of
  • Embodiment 40 The method according to embodiment 39, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that induces ADCC and/or ADCP binds to an antigen selected from the group consisting of AMHR2, AXL, BCMA, CA IX, CD4, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD52, CD98, CSF1R, GD2, CCR4, CS1, EpCam, EGFR, EGFRvIII, Endoglin, EPHA2, EphA3, FGFR2b, folate receptor alpha, fucosyl-GM1, HER2, HERS, IL1RAP, kappa myeloma antigen, MS4A1, prolactin receptor, TA-MUC1, and PSMA.
  • an antigen selected from the group consisting of AMHR2, AXL, BCMA, CA IX, CD4, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD52, CD98, C
  • Embodiment 41 The method according to embodiment 40, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that induces ADCC and/or ADCP is selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, ADCT-502, Hu14.18K322A, Hu3F8, Dinituximab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, Rituximab-RLI, c.60C3-RLI, Hu14.18-IL2, KM2812, AFM13, (CD20)2xCD16, erlotinib (Tarceva), daratumumab, alemtuzumab, pertuzumab, brentuximab, elotuzumab, ibritumomab, ifabotuzumab, farletuzumab, otlertuzumab, ca
  • Embodiment 42 The method according to embodiment 39 or 40, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof induces ADCP.
  • Embodiment 43 The method according to embodiment 42, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, alemtuzumab, ibritumomab, farletuzumab, inebilizumab, lumretuzumab, 4G7SDIE, BMS-986012, BVX-20, mogamulizumab, ChiLob-7/4, GM102, GSK-2857916, PankoMab-GEX, chKM-4927, MDX-1097, MOR202, and MOR-208.
  • the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IM
  • Embodiment 44 A method of treating an infection or infectious disease in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of embodiments 1-18, or an expression vector according to one of embodiments 22 or 23, or a host cell according to one of embodiments 24-26, or a composition according one of embodiments 27-33, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • Embodiment 45 An antibody having one or more of the following characteristics:
  • SIRP ⁇ 1 protein does not appreciably bind to SIRP ⁇ 1 protein at an antibody concentration of 50 nM, preferably 67 nM, and more preferably 100 nM; or alternatively at a concentration that is 10-fold greater, preferably 50-fold greater, more preferably 100-fold greater, and still more preferably 200-fold greater than the antibody's EC 50 for SIRP ⁇ V1 or SIRP ⁇ V2;
  • Embodiment 46 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 that binds human SIRP ⁇ V1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 with an EC 50 ⁇ 1 nM; exhibits at least a 100-fold higher EC 50 for SIRP ⁇ V1(P74A) having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62; and exhibits at least a 100-fold higher EC 50 for human SIRP ⁇ 1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38.
  • Embodiment 47 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 20 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 10 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 48 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 28 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 16 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 49 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 20 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 18 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 50 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 90 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 80 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 51 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 92 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 80 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 52 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 96 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 80 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 53 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 45-52, wherein the antibody is an intact IgG.
  • Embodiment 54 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 45-52, wherein the antibody comprises a wild-type or mutated IgG2 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 55 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 45-52, wherein the antibody comprises a mutated IgG1 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 56 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 45-52, wherein the antibody comprises a mutated IgG4 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 57 An antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to the same epitope of human SIRP ⁇ as an antibody as an antibody according to one of embodiments 45-52.
  • Embodiment 58 The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 45-52, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment is humanized.
  • Embodiment 59 A composition comprising the antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of embodiments 45-52 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • Embodiment 60 An antibody or antigen binding fragment according to any one of embodiments 45-52 or a composition according to embodiment 59, for the treatment of cancer or an infectious disease.
  • Embodiment 61 An antibody or antigen binding fragment according to any one of embodiments 45-52 or a composition according to embodiment 59 for decreasing SIRP ⁇ /CD47 signalling in a human subject.
  • Embodiment 62 A method of treating cancer in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment according to any one of embodiments 45-52 or a composition according to embodiment 59, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • Embodiment 63 A method of treating an infection or infectious disease in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment according to any one of embodiments 45-52 or a composition according to embodiment 59, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • Monoclonal, polyclonal, and humanized antibodies can be prepared (see, e.g., Sheperd and Dean (eds.) (2000) Monoclonal Antibodies, Oxford Univ. Press, New York, N.Y.; Kontermann and Dubel (eds.) (2001) Antibody Engineering, Springer-Verlag, New York; Harlow and Lane (1988) Antibodies A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., pp. 139-243; Carpenter, et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 165:6205; He, et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 160:1029; Tang et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem.
  • Bispecific antibodies are also provided (see, e.g., Azzoni et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 161:3493; Kita et al. (1999) J. Immunol. 162:6901; Merchant et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 74:9115; Pandey et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:38633; Zheng et al. (2001) J. Biol Chem. 276:12999; Propst et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 165:2214; Long (1999) Ann. Rev. Immunol. 17:875). Purification of antigen is not necessary for the generation of antibodies.
  • Animals can be immunized with cells bearing the antigen of interest. Splenocytes can then be isolated from the immunized animals, and the splenocytes can fused with a myeloma cell line to produce a hybridoma (see, e.g., Meyaard et al. (1997) Immunity 7:283-290; Wright et al. (2000) Immunity 13:233-242; Preston et al., supra; Kaithamana et al. (1999) J. Immunol. 163:5157-5164).
  • Antibodies can be conjugated, e.g., to small drug molecules, enzymes, liposomes, polyethylene glycol (PEG). Antibodies are useful for therapeutic, diagnostic, kit or other purposes, and include antibodies coupled, e.g., to dyes, radioisotopes, enzymes, or metals, e.g., colloidal gold (see, e.g., Le Doussal et al. (1991) J. Immunol. 146:169-175; Gibellini et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 160:3891-3898; Hsing and Bishop (1999) J. Immunol. 162:2804-2811; Everts et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:883-889).
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • Fluorescent reagents suitable for modifying nucleic acids including nucleic acid primers and probes, polypeptides, and antibodies, for use, e.g., as diagnostic reagents, are available (Molecular Probes (2003) Catalogue, Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, Oreg.; Sigma-Aldrich (2003) Catalogue, St. Louis, Mo.).
  • CHO-K1 cells ATCC CCL-61 that had been transiently transfected, using Lipofectamine 2000, with cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, hSIRP ⁇ L, and hSIRP ⁇ subcloned into the pCI-neo vector (Promega, Madison, Wis.).
  • CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V2, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ 1, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ L, and CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity for 24 hours.
  • culture medium DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)
  • culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRP ⁇ antibodies (used at 10 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof).
  • purified hSIRP ⁇ antibodies used at 10 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof.
  • cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech).
  • hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, hSIRP ⁇ L, and hSIRP ⁇ was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm. EC50 values, the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed, were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.).
  • hSIRP ⁇ antibodies cross-react with at least hSIRP ⁇ 1, hSIRP ⁇ L, or hSIRP ⁇ or demonstrate allele-specific binding to hSIRP ⁇ V2.
  • the KWAR23 antibody cross-reacts with all members of the SIRP receptor family tested: it binds to hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, hSIRP ⁇ L, and hSIRP ⁇ .
  • mice were immunized with a pCI-neo expression construct encoding hSIRP ⁇ V1 and hSIRP ⁇ V2. Mice were immunized by gene gun immunization using a Helios Gene gun (BioRad, Hercules, Calif.) and DNA coated gold bullets (BioRad) following manufacturer's instructions.
  • CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V2, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ 1, and CHO-K1.hCD47 stable cell lines were generated by transfecting CHO-K1 cells with pCI-neo vector encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, and hCD47 (NCBI accession: NM_001777.3) (SEQ ID NO: 42), respectively. Stable clones were obtained by limiting dilution.
  • Antibody titer was assessed by CELISA, using the CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1 and CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V2 stable cell lines. These hSIRP ⁇ -expressing CHO-K1 cell lines were maintained in DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Hyclone) and 80U Pen/Strep (Gibco). Cells were seeded into 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates at 8 ⁇ 10 4 cells/well and cultured at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity until cell layers were confluent. Cells were incubated with each sample of the diluted mouse sera for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity.
  • mice that demonstrated reactivity against hSIRP ⁇ V1 and hSIRP ⁇ V2 were immunized for a final, third time and sacrificed 14 days later.
  • Erythrocyte-depleted spleen and lymph-node cell populations were prepared as described previously (Steenbakkers et al., 1992, J. Immunol. Meth. 152: 69-77; Steenbakkers et al., 1994, Mol. Biol. Rep. 19: 125-134) and frozen at ⁇ 180° C.
  • a selection strategy was designed and developed that preferentially bound B-cells expressing antibodies that bind to hSIRP ⁇ V1 and hSIRP ⁇ V2.
  • Splenocytes and lymph nodes were harvested from the hSIRP ⁇ V1/V2 immunized mice and isolated cells were incubated with CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ 1 that were seeded into T25 culture flasks and irradiated at 30 Gray. After 1 hour unbound cells were gently removed by moving the flask back and forth. Medium containing unbound cells was then transferred to a new T25 flask containing irradiated CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ 1 cells.
  • Bound B-cells were cultured, as described by Steenbakkers et al., 1994, Mol. Biol. Rep. 19: 125-134. Briefly, selected B-cells were mixed with 10% (v/v) T-cell supernatant and 50,000 irradiated (25 Gray) EL-4 B5 feeder cells in a final volume of 200 ⁇ l medium in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates. On day eight, supernatants were screened for hSIRP ⁇ V1 and hSIRP ⁇ V2 reactivity by CELISA as described below.
  • CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V2, and CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ 1 were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Hyclone) and 80U Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and cultured at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity until they were confluent. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with supernatants from the B-cell cultures.
  • culture medium DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Hyclone) and 80U Pen/Strep (Gibco)
  • Immunoreactivity to human SIRP ⁇ was assessed by ELISA using recombinant hSIRP ⁇ /Fc-protein (R&D Systems, Cat. #4486-SB-050; SEQ ID NO: 108) coated 96-well MaxiSorp flat-bottom plates. Protein coated 96-well plates were blocked in PBS/1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 hour at room temperature (RT). PBS/1% BSA was removed and plates were incubated for 1 hour at RT with supernatants from the B-cell cultures. Next, plates were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at RT with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP conjugate (Southern Biotech).
  • BSA bovine serum albumin
  • B-cell clones from the hSIRP ⁇ reactive supernatants, which were not or which were minimally reactive to hSIRP ⁇ 1 were immortalized by mini-electrofusion following published procedures (Steenbakkers et al., 1992, J. Immunol. Meth. 152: 69-77; Steenbakkers et al., 1994, Mol. Biol. Rep. 19:125-34) with some minor deviations (e.g. pronase reaction was omitted). Briefly, B-cells were mixed with 10 6 Sp2/0-Ag14 murine myeloma cells (ATCC CRL-1581) in Electrofusion Isomolar Buffer (Eppendorf).
  • Electrofusions were performed in a 50 ⁇ L fusion chamber by an alternating electric field of 15 s, 1 MHz, 23 Vrms AC followed by a square, high field DC pulse of 10 ⁇ s, 180 Volt DC and again by an alternating electric field of 15 s, 1 MHz, 23 Vrms AC. Content of the chamber was transferred to hybridoma selective medium and plated in a 96-well plate under limiting dilution conditions. On day 10 following the electrofusion, hybridoma supernatants were screened for hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, and hSIRP ⁇ binding activity by CELISA and ELISA, as described above.
  • Hybridomas that secreted antibodies in the supernatant that specifically bound hSIRP ⁇ V1 and hSIRP ⁇ V2 were both frozen at ⁇ 180° C. ( ⁇ 1 batch) and subcloned by limited dilution to safeguard their integrity and stability. Stable hybridomas were frozen at ⁇ 180° C. ( ⁇ LD1 batch) until cell layers were confluent.
  • hybridomas Further selection of the hybridomas was performed by assessing the blocking abilities of the hSIRP ⁇ V1/hCD47 interaction in CELISA format.
  • hCD47 blockade CHO-K1.hCD47 cells were seeded in 384-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity in culture medium.
  • Recombinant hSIRP ⁇ /Fc-protein R&D Systems, Cat.
  • Selected stable hybridomas were cultured in serum-free media for 7 days; supernatants were harvested and antibodies were purified using MabSelect Sure Protein A resin according to the manufacturer's instructions (GE Healthcare). Antibody concentrations were quantified using spectrophotometry. Supernatants of the hybridoma cultures were used to isotype the hybridomas. In short, isotyping was done using a mouse monoclonal antibody isotyping kit (Biorad) based on a dipstick with immobilized goat-anti-mouse antibody bands to each of the common mouse isotypes and light chains. Recovered antibodies were all identified as mouse IgG1.
  • Antibody sequences were elucidated by sequencing of variable regions of the mouse IgG1 hybridoma material performed at LakePharma, using the following method: the total RNA of the hybridoma cells was extracted, which allowed cDNA synthesis. Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) was performed that allowed cloning of positive fragments in a TOPO (Thermo Fisher Scientific) vector. TOPO clones were sequenced and sequences were annotated using VBASE2 (Retter et al., VBASE2, an integrative V gene database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jan. 1; 33(Database issue):D671-4).
  • RACE Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A to hSIRP ⁇ was compared antibody KWAR23 (Canadian Patent 2939293 A1), in a CELISA format.
  • CHO-K1 cells were transiently transfected with hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, and hSIRP ⁇ (GenBank accession: NM_018556.3) (SEQ ID NO: 39) cDNAs. Subsequently, hSIRP ⁇ binding was assessed by CELISA using CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V2, CHO-Kl.hSIRP ⁇ 1, and CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ cells.
  • KWAR23 (SEQ ID NO: 130; SEQ ID NO: 131) was expressed as a chimeric human IgG4 kappa antibody in CHO cells. As shown in FIG. 2 and the following Table 9, KWAR23 antibody cross-reacts with all members of the SIRP receptor family tested: it binds to hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, and hSIRPy. EC 50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A binding was assessed using CHO-K1 cells that were transiently transfected with cDNAs encoding full length hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ V3 (NA07056_V3) (SEQ ID NO: 43), hSIRP ⁇ V4 (NA11832_V4) (SEQ ID NO: 45), hSIRP ⁇ V5 (NA18502_V5) (SEQ ID NO: 47), hSIRP ⁇ V6 (NA18507_V6) (SEQ ID NO: 49), hSIRP ⁇ V8 (NA18570_V8) (SEQ ID NO: 51), and hSIRP ⁇ V9 (NA18943_V9) (SEQ ID NO: 53).
  • FIG. 3 and the following Table 10 demonstrate the reactivity of antibody clone hSIRP ⁇ .50A for each of these hSIRP ⁇ alleles.
  • EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • the hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody was analyzed by flow cytometry for its ability to block recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein (R&D Systems, Cat.# 4670-CD-050; SEQ ID NO: 109) binding to cell surface expressed hSIRP ⁇ .
  • THP-1 ATCC TIB-202
  • U-937 ATCC CRL-1593.2 monocyte cell lines were used as the source of hSIRP ⁇ in the assay.
  • THP-1 and U-937 cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody (200 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with DyLight 488-labeled recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein for 30 minutes at 4° C.
  • FcR Blocking Reagent Miltenyi Biotec
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody 200 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A As depicted in FIG. 4 and the following Table 11, binding of recombinant hCD47 fused to an Fc domain of human IgG1 was monitored in the presence of increasing amounts of the hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody. Antibody hSIRP ⁇ .50A blocked the hSIRP ⁇ /hCD47 interaction, using the flow cytometry-based method described above. IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A binding of hSIRP ⁇ .50A to hSIRP ⁇ expressed on primary human CD14 + monocytes was investigated.
  • CD14+ monocytes were isolated from Ficoll-purified human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using RosetteSep human monocyte enrichment cocktail (Stemcell).
  • the percentage of monocytes present after the enrichment was determined by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences) based on CD14 staining using an APC-Cy7-conjugated mouse-anti-human CD14 detection antibody (BD Biosciences). Subsequently, CD14+ enriched PBMCs were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 40 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) containing hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody (25 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C.
  • FcR Blocking Reagent Miltenyi Biotec
  • FIGS. 5A and B and the following Table 12 indicates that hSIRP ⁇ .50A binds to primary human CD14+ enriched monocytes.
  • EC 50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed.
  • CD14+ enriched monocytes cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody (200 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C.
  • FIGS. 5C and D and the following Table 12 demonstrates the ability of antibody hSIRP ⁇ .50A to block the hSIRP ⁇ /hCD47 interaction. IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
  • Example 5 Functionality of hSIRP ⁇ .50A mAb in the Human Granulocyte Phagocytosis Assay
  • granulocytes e.g. effector cells
  • EDTA blood was pooled and centrifuged at 300 g for 6 minutes at 20° C.
  • plasma was removed by aspiration, and the remaining blood cells were gently resuspended.
  • Cells were recovered in red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer (155 mM NH4Cl; 10 mM KHCO3) and incubated for 10 minutes on ice. Next, cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 7 minutes.
  • RBC red blood cell
  • erythrocyte-lysed blood cells were resuspended in assay medium containing 10 ng/mL IFN ⁇ and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity.
  • Non-adherent blood cells containing human granulocytes were collected by mild washing of the tissue culture plate with assay medium (monocytes are depleted due to adherence to the plastic surface). The percentage of granulocytes present in the cell suspension was determined by flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences) based on high forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC).
  • Binding of hSIRP ⁇ .50A to human granulocytes was assessed by incubating the cells for 30 minutes at 4° C. with hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody (25 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA containing 10% autologous serum (PBS/1% BSA/10% serum). Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA/10% serum and incubated for 30 minutes at 4° C. with a FITC-labeled goat-anti-mouse Ig (BD Biosciences) detection antibody.
  • FIG. 6A shows that hSIRP ⁇ .50A binds to primary human granulocytes. EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed.
  • target cells were fluorescently labeled with either cell proliferation dye eFluor450 (eBioscience) in the case of Raji (ECACC 85011429), Daudi (ECACC 85011437), Ramos (ECACC 85030802), and BJAB (DSMZ ACC-757) lymphoma cells or, alternatively, with Vybrant DiD cell-labeling solution (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for FaDu cells. Labeling was performed according to manufacturer's instructions.
  • cell proliferation dye eFluor450 eBioscience
  • Labeled target cells were co-cultured for 2-3 hours at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with isolated primary human granulocytes in a 1:1 ratio (7.5*10 4 cells of each target and effector per well of a 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plate) in the presence of 0.1 ⁇ g/mL rituximab (anti-hCD20).
  • rituximab anti-hCD20
  • cells were co-cultured with 0.1 ⁇ g/mL rituximab in presence of 10 ⁇ g/mL hSIRP ⁇ .50A.
  • Phagocytosis was assayed by determining the percentage of granulocytes positive for eFluor450 (or DID) using flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC).
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A potently enhances tumor cell phagocytosis induced by rituximab ( FIG. 6B ).
  • the same procedure was followed with other existing therapeutic antibodies such as 0.05 ⁇ g/mL daratumumab (anti-hCD38), 0.1 ⁇ g/mL alemtuzumab (anti-hCD52), and 0.1 ⁇ g/mL cetuximab (anti-hEGFR) ( FIG. 6C-E ).
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A enhances antibody-mediated tumor cell phagocytosis by human granulocytes.
  • Blockade of CD47 by hSIRP ⁇ .50A enhances the phagocytosis of human lymphoma cells tumor cells by human macrophages.
  • Human macrophages were generated by first enriching CD14+ monocytes from Ficoll-purified human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using RosetteSep human monocyte enrichment cocktail (Stemcell).
  • Monocytes were seeded into CellCarrier 96-well flat-bottom microplates (Perkin Elmer) and cultured in macrophage medium (IMDM (Gibco) supplemented with 8.5% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) containing 50 ng/mL human monocyte colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) for 7 days at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity to promote differentiation into macrophages. These monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) become adherent allowing other cells to be washed away.
  • IMDM macrophage medium
  • M-CSF human monocyte colony stimulating factor
  • lymphoma cells Human Raji, Daudi, Ramos, and BJAB lymphoma cells were counted and labeled with cell proliferation dye eFluor450 (eBioscience) following manufacturer's instructions. After labeling, the lymphoma cells were mixed with assay medium (RPMI (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) containing 10 ⁇ g/mL anti-hSIRP ⁇ antibodies, respective isotype controls and either 0.1 ⁇ g/mL rituximab (anti-hCD20) or 0.05 ⁇ g/mL daratumumab (anti-hCD38).
  • assay medium RPMI (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)
  • the lymphoma cells were then added to the individual wells containing MDMs at a ratio of 2.5:1 tumor cells per phagocyte, mixed and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity for 2 hours. After the incubation, the wells were washed with PBS to remove most of the non-phagocytosed tumor cells, and cells were fixed with 2% formaldehyde for 10 min at RT. The wells were then washed and maintained in PBS/3% BSA in dark at 4° C. overnight.
  • Lymphoma cells present in the wells were stained with biotin-conjugated anti-human CD19 clone HIB19 (eBioscience) for 1 hour at RT, and subsequently were counterstained with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated streptavidin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 1 hour at RT. Next, nuclei were stained with DRAQS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 10 minutes at RT, mixture was removed, and PBS was added to each well. Cells were analysed with the Operetta automated fluorescence microscope (Perkin Elmer). Data were processed and analysed with Columbus V2.6 software.
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A enhances rituximab and daratumumab-mediated phagocytosis activity.
  • the phagocytosis of human lymphoma cells was quantified using a phagocytosis index, as follows: (number of tumor cells inside macrophages/number of macrophages)*100; counting at least 200 macrophages per sample.
  • the mouse hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody was humanized using CDR-grafting technology (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,539 and Williams, D. G. et al., 2010, Antibody Engineering, volume 1, Chapter 21).
  • a database was constructed containing all human sequences available in the IMGT database (Lefranc, M.-P. et al., 1999, Nucleic Acid Res. 27:209-212) identifying 85,848 individual sequences. These sequences were queried using TBLASTN (2.2.31+) to identify template sequences that demonstrated the highest identify to the framework of hSIRP ⁇ .50A VH and VL sequences. Three VH and three VL sequences were identified that demonstrated a similarity score of 75% or higher and that displayed similar CDR lengths, preferably identical to those in hSIRP ⁇ .50A VH CDR1, CDR2, CDR3 and VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3, respectively.
  • the frameworks encoded by GenBank (Benson, D. A. et al., 2013, Nucleic Acids Res. 41(D1): D36-42) accession # AB066948, AB067235, and U84168 were selected as templates for straight grafting of the hSIRP ⁇ .50A VH CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA constructs: SEQ ID NO: 9, 11 and 13, respectively.
  • the frameworks encoded by GenBank accession #JF894288, AB363321, and L12101 were selected as templates for straight grafting of the hSIRP ⁇ .50A VL CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA constructs: SEQ ID NO: 19, 21 and 23.
  • Framework and CDR definition were those as described by Kabat et al. (“Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest”, Kabat, E., et al., US Department of Health and Human Services, (1983)).
  • a homology model of the mouse hSIRP ⁇ .50A Fv was made using the ‘Antibody Modeling Cascade’ (default parameters) within Discovery Studio 4.5.
  • the homology model was built on basis of PDB ID 1CIC, for the light chain and Fv, and PDB ID 4Q0X for the heavy chain.
  • the CDRs were grafted in silico to study residues that are close to any of the CDRs and which might affect the loop conformation, referred as Vernier residues. Residues that might affect the loop conformation, and which are within ⁇ 5 ⁇ to the CDR surface were identified and substituted with the mouse amino acid at this position.
  • the resulting templates were checked for the presence of post translational modification (PTM) motifs using Discovery Studio 4.5 and where possible (i.e. non-CDR, non-Vernier residues) changed to prevent a PTM.
  • PTM post translational modification
  • SEQ ID NO: 27 For the light chain the PTM removal resulted in the following construct: SEQ ID NO: 27.
  • CDRs were grafted on each of the identified templates, expressed as a human IgG4 (SEQ ID NO: 65), kappa (SEQ ID NO: 63) antibody cloned in the pcDNA3.1(+) vector (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and for transient transfection in FreeStyle 293-F human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T/17, ATCC CRL-11268).
  • a human IgG4 SEQ ID NO: 65
  • kappa SEQ ID NO: 63
  • FreeStyle 293-F human embryonic kidney cells HEK293T/17, ATCC CRL-11268
  • an IgG4 version carrying the stabilizing Adair mutation Angal S. et al., 1993, Mol Immunol. 30: 105-108
  • Serine 228 is converted to Proline
  • Plasmids encoding the heavy chain and light chain constructs were mixed in a 1:1 ratio (30 ⁇ g in total) and transiently expressed by transfection into FreeStyle 293-F cells using 293fectin transfection reagent (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions.
  • Supernatants (30 ml) were harvested after 7 days and antibodies were purified using MabSelect Sure Protein A resin according to the manufacturer's instructions (GE Healthcare). Buffer was exchanged for 10 mM Histidine, 100 mM NaCl pH 5.5 buffer using Zeba desalting columns (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The concentration of purified antibodies was determined based on OD280 (Nanodrop ND-1000). Endotoxin level was determined by LAL-test according to the manufacturer's instructions (Lonza).
  • Binding of the humanized antibodies to hSIRP ⁇ was studied in CELISA format. Binding of the hSIRP ⁇ antibodies to human SIRP ⁇ V1, SIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, and hSIRP ⁇ was confirmed using CHO-K1 cells that had been transiently transfected with cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of each of these respective targets subcloned into the pCI-neo vector.
  • CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V2, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ 1, and CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity until cell layers were confluent. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRP ⁇ antibodies (10 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof).
  • culture medium DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)
  • NK-92MI cells ATCC CRL-2408
  • IL-2 interleukin-2
  • NK-92MI cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 30 minutes with the humanized hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody variants (100 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated for 30 minutes at 4° C.
  • Example 10 Blockade of hCD47 Binding to hSIRP ⁇ by Humanized hSIRP ⁇ .50A Antibodies
  • hCD47 blockade was assessed by flow cytometry for the full panel of humanized hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibodies.
  • HEK293 cells ATCC CRL-1573
  • Lipofectamine 2000 Invitrogen
  • the transfected cells were cultured at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity in medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) until confluent.
  • cells were dissociated and seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 30 minutes with the humanized hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody variants (100 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C.
  • cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein (ModiQuest; SEQ ID NO: 42) for 30 minutes at 4° C.
  • cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated for 30 minutes at 4° C. with a mouse-anti-human IgG1 Hinge-FITC (Southern Biotech) detection antibody.
  • binding of recombinant hCD47 fused to an Fc domain of human IgG1 was monitored in the presence of increasing amounts of the humanized hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibody variants. All antibody variants blocked the hSIRP ⁇ /hCD47 interaction.
  • Ig-like V-type IgV
  • IgC1 Ig-like C1-type
  • IgC2 Ig-like C2-type domain.
  • IgV domain is also known as the ligand-binding N-terminal domain of SIRP ⁇ (which binds to CD47).
  • the human SIRP ⁇ V1/ ⁇ 1 mutants were designed on the basis of the full length hSIRP ⁇ V1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 33) and each individual Ig-like domain was substituted for the equivalent domain of human SIRP ⁇ 1 (SEQ ID NO: 37).
  • the cDNAs encoding the constructs, hSIRP ⁇ -V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ (SEQ ID NO: 55), hSIRP ⁇ -V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ (SEQ ID NO: 57), and hSIRP ⁇ -V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ (SEQ ID NO: 59) were synthesized (GeneArt) and subcloned into the pCI-neo vector.
  • CHO-Kl cells were transiently transfected, using Lipofectamine 2000, with the pCI-neo vectors encoding hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, hSIRP ⁇ -V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , hSIRP ⁇ -V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , and hSIRP ⁇ -V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , respectively.
  • the transfected cells were cultured at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity in medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) with 5% New Born Calf serum (Biowest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) until confluent. Subsequently, cells were trypsinized and seeded in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and cultured at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity in culture medium until confluent. Then, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with hSIRP ⁇ .50A and anti-hSIRP ⁇ clone SE5A5 antibodies.
  • medium DMEM-F12 (Gibco) with 5% New Born Calf serum (Biowest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)
  • the antibody of the present invention demonstrated loss of binding to the hSIRP ⁇ -V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ mutant, indicating that hSIRP ⁇ .50A binds to the IgV domain of hSIRP ⁇ ( FIG. 9 ; Table 14).
  • EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • FIG. 10A shows an alignment of the hSIRP ⁇ and hSIRP ⁇ 1 IgV domain. Amino acids in the hSIRP ⁇ IgV domain that are altered in hSIRP ⁇ 1 were mutated by using the QuikChange II Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene) and the full length hSIRP ⁇ V1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 33) as donor cDNA.
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A Binding of hSIRP ⁇ .50A to hSIRP ⁇ V1 point mutants was tested using CELISA.
  • CHO-K1 cells were transiently transfected, using Lipofectamine 2000, with cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRP ⁇ V1 and mutants thereof, and hSIRP ⁇ 1 subcloned into the pCI-neo vector.
  • Transfected cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity for 24 hours. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRP ⁇ antibodies (used at 10 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof).
  • culture medium DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)
  • culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRP ⁇ antibodies (used at 10 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof).
  • hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ .50A to hSIRP ⁇ were compared in a CELISA format.
  • CHO-K1 cells were transiently transfected with hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, hSIRP ⁇ L, and hSIRP ⁇ cDNAs.
  • hSIRP ⁇ binding was assessed by CELISA using CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V2, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ 1, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ L, and CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ cells.
  • hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibodies bind to hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ L, and hSIRP ⁇ , but do not display detectable hSIRP ⁇ 1 binding.
  • EC 50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • hSIRP ⁇ .40A binding was assessed using CHO-K1 cells that were transiently transfected with cDNAs encoding full length hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ V3 (NA07056_V3) (SEQ ID NO: 44), hSIRP ⁇ V4 (NA11832_V4) (SEQ ID NO: 46), hSIRP ⁇ V5 (NA18502_V5) (SEQ ID NO: 48), hSIRP ⁇ V6 (NA18507_V6) (SEQ ID NO: 50), hSIRP ⁇ V8 (NA18570_V8) (SEQ ID NO: 52), and hSIRP ⁇ V9 (NA18943_V9) (SEQ ID NO: 54).
  • FIG. 12 and the following Table 17 demonstrates the reactivity of antibody clone hSIRP ⁇ .40A for each of these hSIRP ⁇ alleles.
  • EC 50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • the hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody was analyzed by flow cytometry for its ability to block recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein (R&D Systems, Cat. #4670-CD-050; SEQ ID NO: 109) binding to cell surface expressed hSIRP ⁇ .
  • THP-1 ATCC TIB-202
  • U-937 ATCC CRL-1593.2 monocyte cell lines were used as the source of hSIRP ⁇ in the assay.
  • THP-1 and U-937 cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody (100 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with DyLight 488-labeled recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein for 30 minutes at 4° C.
  • FcR Blocking Reagent Miltenyi Biotec
  • hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody 100 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof
  • hSIRP ⁇ .40A As depicted in FIG. 13 and the following Table 18, binding of recombinant hCD47 fused to an Fc domain of human IgG1 was monitored in the presence of increasing amounts of the hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody. Antibody hSIRP ⁇ .40A blocked the hSIRP ⁇ /hCD47 interaction, using the flow cytometry-based method described above. IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
  • hSIRP ⁇ .40A binding of hSIRP ⁇ .40A to hSIRP ⁇ expressed on primary human CD14 + monocytes was investigated.
  • CD14+ monocytes were isolated from Ficoll-purified human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using RosetteSep human monocyte enrichment cocktail (Stemcell).
  • the percentage of monocytes present after the enrichment was determined by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences) based on CD14 staining using an APC-Cy7-conjugated mouse-anti-human CD14 detection antibody (BD Biosciences). Subsequently, CD14+ enriched PBMCs were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 40 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) containing hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody (20 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C.
  • FcR Blocking Reagent Miltenyi Biotec
  • FIGS. 14A and B shows that hSIRP ⁇ .40A binds to primary human CD14+ enriched monocytes.
  • EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed.
  • CD14+ enriched monocytes cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody (20 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C.
  • FIGS. 14C and D demonstrates the ability of antibody hSIRP ⁇ .40A to block the hSIRP ⁇ /hCD47 interaction. IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
  • Example 14 Functionality of hSIRP ⁇ .40A mAb in the Human Granulocyte Phagocytosis Assay
  • granulocytes e.g. effector cells
  • EDTA blood was pooled and centrifuged at 300 g for 6 minutes at 20° C.
  • plasma was removed by aspiration, and the remaining blood cells were gently resuspended.
  • Cells were recovered in red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer (155 mM NH4Cl; 10 mM KHCO3) and incubated for 10 minutes on ice. Next, cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 7 minutes.
  • RBC red blood cell
  • erythrocyte-lysed blood cells were resuspended in assay medium containing 10 ng/mL IFN ⁇ and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity.
  • Non-adherent blood cells containing human granulocytes were collected by mild washing of the tissue culture plate with assay medium (monocytes are depleted due to adherence to the plastic surface). The percentage of granulocytes present in the cell suspension was determined by flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences) based on high forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC).
  • Binding of hSIRP ⁇ .40A to human granulocytes was assessed by incubating the cells for 30 minutes at 4° C. with hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody (25 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA containing 10% autologous serum (PBS/1% BSA/10% serum). Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA/10% serum and incubated for 30 minutes at 4° C. with a FITC-labeled goat-anti-mouse Ig (BD Biosciences) detection antibody.
  • FIG. 15A and the following Table 19 shows that hSIRP ⁇ .40A binds to primary human granulocytes.
  • EC 50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed.
  • Ramos ECACC 85030802 target cells were fluorescently labeled with cell proliferation dye eFluor450 (eBioscience). Labeling was performed according to manufacturer's instructions. Labeled target cells were co-cultured for 2-3 hours at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with isolated primary human granulocytes in a 1:1 ratio (7.5*10 4 cells of each target and effector per well of a 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plate) in the presence of 0.1 ⁇ g/mL rituximab (anti-hCD20). In addition, cells were co-cultured with 0.1 ⁇ g/mL rituximab in presence of 10 ⁇ g/mL hSIRP ⁇ .40A.
  • Phagocytosis was assayed by determining the percentage of granulocytes positive for eFluor450 using flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC).
  • hSIRP ⁇ .40A potently enhances tumor cell phagocytosis induced by rituximab ( FIG. 15B ).
  • Example 15 Functionality of hSIRP ⁇ .40A mAb in the Human Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay
  • Blockade of CD47 by hSIRP ⁇ .40A enhances the phagocytosis of human lymphoma cells tumor cells by human macrophages.
  • Human macrophages were generated by first enriching CD14+ monocytes from Ficoll-purified human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using RosetteSep human monocyte enrichment cocktail (Stemcell).
  • Monocytes were seeded into CellCarrier 96-well flat-bottom microplates (Perkin Elmer) and cultured in macrophage medium (IMDM (Gibco) supplemented with 8.5% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) containing 50 ng/mL human monocyte colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) for 7 days at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity to promote differentiation into macrophages. These monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) become adherent allowing other cells to be washed away. Human Raji lymphoma cells were counted and labeled with cell proliferation dye eFluor450 (eBioscience) following manufacturer's instructions.
  • IMDM Manton fetaluor450
  • eBioscience cell proliferation dye
  • lymphoma cells were mixed with assay medium (RPMI (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) containing 100 ⁇ g/mL anti-hSIRP ⁇ antibodies and dilutions thereof, the respective isotype control antibody, and 1 ⁇ g/mL rituximab (anti-hCD20).
  • assay medium RPMI (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)
  • the lymphoma cells were then added to the individual wells containing MDMs at a ratio of 2.5:1 tumor cells per phagocyte, mixed and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity for 2 hours.
  • the wells were washed with PBS to remove most of the non-phagocytosed tumor cells, and cells were fixed with 2% formaldehyde for 10 min at RT. The wells were then washed and maintained in PBS/3% BSA in dark at 4° C. overnight. Lymphoma cells present in the wells were stained with biotin-conjugated anti-human CD19 clone HIB19 (eBioscience) for 1 hour at RT, and subsequently were counterstained with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated streptavidin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 1 hour at RT.
  • biotin-conjugated anti-human CD19 clone HIB19 eBioscience
  • Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated streptavidin Thermo Fisher Scientific
  • nuclei were stained with DRAQS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 10 minutes at RT, mixture was removed, and PBS was added to each well. Cells were analysed with the Operetta automated fluorescence microscope (Perkin Elmer). Data were processed and analysed with Columbus V2.6 software.
  • DRAQS Thermo Fisher Scientific
  • hSIRP ⁇ .40A enhances rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity.
  • the phagocytosis of human lymphoma cells was quantified using a phagocytosis index, as follows: (number of tumor cells inside macrophages/number of macrophages)*100; counting at least 200 macrophages per sample.
  • the mouse hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody was humanized using CDR-grafting technology (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,539 and Williams, D.G. et al., 2010, Antibody Engineering, volume 1, Chapter 21).
  • human germline sequences were identified using IgBLAST (Ye J. et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 41:W34-40 (2013).
  • VH human germline sequence V-gene IGHV1-46*01 was identified (62.2% identity) and for the VL human germline sequence IGKV1-39*01 was identified (68.4% identity).
  • a database was constructed containing all human sequences available in the IMGT database (Lefranc, M.-P. et al., Nucleic Acid Res. 27:209-212 (1999)) identifying 85,848 individual sequences. These sequences were queried using TBLASTN (2.2.31+) to identify template sequences that demonstrated the highest identify to the framework of hSIRP ⁇ .40A VH and VL sequences. Four VH and four VL sequences were identified that demonstrated a similarity score of 80% or higher and that displayed similar CDR lengths, preferably identical to those in hSIRP ⁇ .40A VH CDR1, CDR2, CDR3 and VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3, respectively.
  • the frameworks encoded by GenBank (Benson, D.A. et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 41(D1):D36-42 (2013)) accession # L39130, DJ031925, DJ326840, and EF177968 were selected as templates for grafting of the hSIRP ⁇ .40A VH CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA constructs: SEQ ID NO: 77, 79, 81 and 83, respectively.
  • the frameworks encoded by GenBank accession #AY731031, DQ840993, AY942002 and DQ535171 were selected as templates for straight grafting of the hSIRP ⁇ .40A VL CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA constructs: SEQ ID NO: 89, 91, 93 and 95. Additionally, a database was constructed containing all humanized antibody sequences available in the public domain, identifying 300 sequences. These sequences were queried using BLASTP (2.2.31+) to identify template sequences that demonstrated the highest identify to the framework of hSIRP ⁇ .40A VH and VL sequences.
  • the framework of Gemtuzumab was selected as template, for grafting of the hSIRP ⁇ .40A VH CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA construct: SEQ ID NO: 85.
  • the framework of Alacizumab was selected as template, for grafting of the hSIRP ⁇ .40A VL CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA construct: SEQ ID NO: 97
  • a homology model of the mouse hSIRP ⁇ .40A Fv was made using the ‘Antibody Modeling Cascade’ (default parameters) within Discovery Studio 4.5.
  • the homology model was built on basis of PDB ID 3UMT, for the light chain, PDB ID 1EHL for the heavy chain, and PDB ID 3BGF for the Fv.
  • the CDRs were grafted in silico to study residues that are close to any of the CDRs and which might affect the loop conformation, referred to as Vernier residues. Residues that might affect the loop conformation, and which are within ⁇ 5 ⁇ A to the CDR surface were identified and substituted with the mouse amino acid at this position.
  • the resulting templates were checked for the presence of post translational modification (PTM) motifs using Discovery Studio 4.5 and where possible (i.e. non-CDR, non-Vernier residues) changed to prevent a PTM.
  • PTM post translational modification
  • the VH CDR2 contained a glycosylation site that was removed by an aspargine to serine mutation.
  • CDRs were grafted on each of the identified templates, expressed as a human IgG2 (SEQ ID NO: 68), kappa (SEQ ID NO: 64) antibody cloned in the pcDNA3.1(+) vector (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and for transient transfection in FreeStyle 293-F human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T/17, ATCC CRL-11268).
  • Plasmids encoding the heavy chain and light chain humanized constructs were mixed in a 1:1 ratio (30 ⁇ g in total) and transiently expressed by transfection into FreeStyle 293-F cells using 293fectin transfection reagent (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions.
  • Supernatants (30 ml) were harvested after 7 days, filtered over a 0.22 ⁇ m filter, and antibodies were purified using MabSelect Sure Protein A resin according to the manufacturer's instructions (GE Healthcare). Buffer was exchanged for 10 mM Histidine, 100 mM NaCl pH 5.5 buffer using Zeba desalting columns (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The concentration of purified antibodies was determined based on OD280 (Nanodrop ND-1000). Endotoxin level was determined by LAL-test according to the manufacturer's instructions (Lonza).
  • Binding of the parental and humanized antibodies to hSIRP ⁇ was assessed by flow cytometry using the CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1 stable cell line.
  • CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1 cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 40 minutes with the humanized hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody variants (20 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated for 40 minutes at 4° C.
  • Example 19 Blockade of hCD47 Binding to hSIRP ⁇ by Humanized hSIRP ⁇ .40A Antibodies
  • hCD47 blockade was assessed by flow cytometry for the full panel of humanized hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibodies.
  • the U-937 (ATCC CRL-1593.2) monocyte cell line was used as the source of hSIRP ⁇ in the assay.
  • U-937 cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and the parental or humanized hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody variants (20 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C.
  • binding of recombinant hCD47 fused to an Fc domain of human IgG1 was monitored in the presence of increasing amounts of the humanized hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody variants.
  • Humanized hSIRP ⁇ .40A blocked the hSIRP ⁇ /hCD47 interaction, using the flow cytometry-based method described above.
  • IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
  • Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) V-type (IgV), Ig-like C1-type (IgC1), and Ig-like C2-type (IgC2) domain Ig-like C1-type (IgC1)
  • Ig-like C2-type (IgC2) domain Ig-like C2-type domain.
  • the IgV domain is also known as the ligand-binding N-terminal domain of SIRP ⁇ and SIRP ⁇ (which binds to CD47).
  • the human SIRP ⁇ 1/ ⁇ mutants were designed based on the full length hSIRP ⁇ 1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 38) and each individual Ig-like domain was substituted for the equivalent domain of human SIRP ⁇ (SEQ ID NO: 40).
  • the cDNAs encoding the constructs, hSIRP-V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ (SEQ ID NO: 110), hSIRP-V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ (SEQ ID NO: 112), and hSIRP-V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ (SEQ ID NO: 114) were synthesized (GeneArt) and subcloned into the pCI-neo vector. Binding of hSIRP ⁇ .40A to the exchange mutants was tested using CELIS A.
  • CHO-K1 cells were transiently transfected, using Lipofectamine 2000, with the pCI-neo vectors encoding hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V2, hSIRP ⁇ 1, hSIRP-V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , hSIRP-V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , and hSIRP-V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ , respectively.
  • the transfected cells were cultured at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity in medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) with 5% New Born Calf serum (Biowest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) until confluent.
  • cells were trypsinized and seeded in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and cultured at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity in culture medium until confluent. Then, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with hSIRP ⁇ .40A, hSIRP ⁇ .50A, and anti-hSIRP ⁇ clone SE5A5 antibodies. Next, cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP conjugate (Southern Biotech).
  • the antibody of the present invention demonstrated gain of binding to the hSIRP-V ⁇ C1 ⁇ C2 ⁇ mutant, indicating that hSIRP ⁇ .40A binds to the IgV domain of hSIRP ⁇ and hSIRP ⁇ ( FIG. 19 and Table 22).
  • EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • hSIRP ⁇ IgV domain Amino acids in the hSIRP ⁇ IgV domain that are altered in hSIRP ⁇ 1 were mutated by using the QuikChange II Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene) and the full length hSIRP ⁇ V1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 33) as donor cDNA. Binding of hSIRP ⁇ .40A to hSIRP ⁇ V1 point mutants was tested using CELISA. To this end, CHO-K1 cells were transiently transfected, using Lipofectamine 2000, with cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRP ⁇ V1 and mutants thereof, and hSIRP ⁇ 1 subcloned into the pCI-neo vector.
  • Transfected cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity for 24 hours. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRP ⁇ antibodies (used at 10 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof).
  • culture medium DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)
  • culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRP ⁇ antibodies (used at 10 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof).
  • the Proline at position 74 constitues a crucial amino acid for the specific binding of hSIRP ⁇ .40A to hSIRP ⁇ V1.
  • This proline is not present in the IgV domain sequence of hSIRP ⁇ 1, and could play a role in the correct conformation of the IgV domain.
  • Example 21 Functionality of Chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .40A mAb Variants in the Human Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay
  • hSIRP ⁇ .40A variable domains grafted on different Fc constant domains
  • experimental conditions for the human macrophage phagocytosis assay were similar as explained in Example 15 above.
  • Labelled Raji lymphoma cells were mixed with assay medium containing either 10 ⁇ g/mL or 1 ⁇ g/mL chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody variants and 1 ⁇ g/mL rituximab and then added to MDMs at a ratio of 2.5:1 tumor cells per phagocyte. Cells were incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity for 2 hours.
  • phagocytosis of human lymphoma cells was quantified using a phagocytosis index, as follows: (number of tumor cells inside macrophages/number of macrophages)*100; counting at least 200 macrophages per sample.
  • the wild-type (WT) chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .40A.hIgG4 antibody does not enhance rituximab-mediated phagocytosis
  • inert chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .40A.hIgG1 SEQ ID NO: 119
  • antibody variants containing N297Q SEQ ID NO: 126
  • L234A.L235A LALA
  • L234A.L235A.P329G LALAPG
  • hSIRP ⁇ .40A.hIgG2 and the inert chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .40A.hIgG2 antibody variant containing V234A.G237A.P238S.H268A.V309L.A330S.P331S (Sigma) (SEQ ID NO: 122) mutations enhance rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity in a concentration-dependent manner.
  • Example 22 Functionality of Humanized hSIRP ⁇ .40A mAb Variants in the Human Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay
  • the humanized hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibody variants enhance rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity in a concentration-dependent manner similar to antibody KWAR23 grafted on a hIgG2 Fc.
  • Example 23 Functionality of Chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A mAb Variants in the Human Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A variable domains grafted on different Fc constant domains
  • FIG. 23A the chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG4 antibody marginally enhances rituximab-mediated phagocytosis
  • the chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG2 antibody enhances rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity similar to the murine hSIRP ⁇ .50A.mIgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 120) antibody.
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG2 antibody potently enhances tumor cell phagocytosis induced by rituximab in a concentration-dependent manner as compared to the human IgG2 isotype control.
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG2 enhanced daratumumab-mediated phagocytosis (anti-hCD38, used at 0.05 ⁇ g/mL) ( FIG. 23C ).
  • hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG2 also enhanced rituximab-mediated phagocytosis in human granulocytes.
  • the chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG2 antibody enhances phagocytosis activity induced by rituximab to a similar extend as the murine hSIRP ⁇ .50A.mIgG1 antibody.
  • FIG. 23D the chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG2 antibody enhances phagocytosis activity induced by rituximab to a similar extend as the murine hSIRP ⁇ .50A.mIgG1 antibody.
  • the chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG1.N297Q, hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG4.N297Q (SEQ ID NO: 127) or hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG2 antibodies enhance rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity by human MDMs to a similar extent as the murine hSIRP ⁇ .50A.mIgG1 antibody (rituximab used at 1 ⁇ g/mL). Similar observations were made in FIG. 24B when phagocytosis was induced by daratumumab (0.05 ⁇ g/mL). As shown in FIG.
  • the chimeric hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgGl.N297Q and hSIRP ⁇ .50A hIgG1.L234A.L235A.P329G antibodies also enhance rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity by human MDMs to a similar extent as the or hSIRP ⁇ .50A.hIgG2 antibody (rituximab used at 1 ⁇ g/mL).
  • Chimeric variants of hSIRP ⁇ .50A mAb containing a wild-type hIgG1 or hIgG4 Fc region did not enhance tumor cell phagocytosis.
  • Example 24 Comparison of KWAR23, clone 18D5, hSIRP ⁇ .50A, and hSIRP ⁇ .40A Antibodies
  • CHO-K1 cells ATCC CCL-61 expressing a cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V1(P74A), hSIRP ⁇ V2, and hSIRP ⁇ 1 subcloned into the pCI-neo vector (Promega, Madison, Wis.).
  • CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1(P74A), CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V2, and CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ 1 cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity for 24 hours.
  • culture medium DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)
  • culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRP ⁇ antibodies (used at 10 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof).
  • purified hSIRP ⁇ antibodies used at 10 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof.
  • cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech).
  • hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V1(P74A), hSIRP ⁇ V2, and hSIRP ⁇ 1 was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm. EC50 values, the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed, were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.).
  • Binding to hSIRP ⁇ was assessed by flow cytometry using the Jurkat E6.1 T cell leukemia cell line (ECACC 88042803).
  • Jurkat cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 40 minutes with the anti-hSIRP ⁇ antibodies (20 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated for 40 minutes at 4° C. with an Alexa Fluor 647-labeled goat-anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen) detection antibody in PBS/1% BSA.
  • an Alexa Fluor 647-labeled goat-anti-mouse IgG Invitrogen
  • KWAR23 and clone 18D5 antibodies cross-react with at least hSIRP ⁇ 1 and the P74A variant of hSIRP ⁇ V1.
  • the hSIRP ⁇ .50A, and hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibodies of the present invention do not bind to either hSIRP ⁇ 1 or the P74A variant of hSIRP ⁇ V1 under the tested conditions.
  • the hSIRP ⁇ .50A, and hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibodies of the present invention similarly distinguish from antibody clone SIRP29 from WO2013/056352.
  • hCD47 blockade for the KWAR23, clone 18D5, and hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibodies was assessed by flow cytometry.
  • THP-1 ATCC TIB-202
  • U-937 ATCC CRL-1593.2 monocyte cell lines were used as the source of hSIRP ⁇ in the assay.
  • THP-1 and U-937 cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and indicated anti-hSIRP ⁇ antibodies (20 ⁇ g/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C.
  • IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
  • hSIRP ⁇ .40A, hSIRP ⁇ .50A, and KWAR23 antibodies block rhCD47/Fc binding to both the THP-1 and U-937 monocyte cell lines which express the hSIRP ⁇ V2 and hSIRP ⁇ V1 allele, respectively.
  • Antibody clone 18D5 blocks rhCD47/Fc binding to the U-937 monocyte cell line but does not block rhCD47/Fc binding to the THP-1 monocyte cell line, in line with the observation that 18D5 does not bind to hSIRP ⁇ V2 (Table 24).
  • the hSIRP ⁇ .50A, and hSIRP ⁇ .40A antibodies of the present invention similarly distinguish from antibody clone 18D5.
  • Example 25 Mapping the Interaction Interface between hSIRP ⁇ -hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ -hSIRP ⁇ .50A
  • hSIRP ⁇ The amino acids on hSIRP ⁇ that are bound by hSIRP ⁇ .40A or hSIRP ⁇ .50A were elucidated by a procedure that involves deuterated chemical cross-linking followed by enzymatic digestion and detection using mass spectrometry.
  • antibody hSIRP ⁇ .40A and antigen rhSIRP ⁇ -HIS (SinoBiological 11612-H08H-100, SEQ ID NO: 132), or antibody hSIRP ⁇ .50A and antigen rhSIRP ⁇ -HIS were incubated to promote binding and integrity and aggregation level were verified by Ultraflex III MALDI TOF mass spectrometer (Bruker) equipped with a HM4 interaction module (CovalX).
  • a mixture was made with an excess of antigen (antigen:antibody ratio for rhSIRP ⁇ -HIS:hSIRP ⁇ .40A 10.8 ⁇ M:8.5 ⁇ M, and antigen:antibody ratio for rhSIRP ⁇ -HIS:hSIRP ⁇ .50A 5.4 ⁇ M:2.13 ⁇ M).
  • antigen:antibody ratio for rhSIRP ⁇ -HIS:hSIRP ⁇ .50A 5.4 ⁇ M:2.13 ⁇ M.
  • the detected mass of the antibody and antigen corresponds to the molecular weight as detected previously.
  • the antigen-antibody complexes after cross-linking, were detected as two non-covalent complexes with a 1:1 (195.24 kDa) and 2:1 (240.48 kDa) stoichiometry for rhSIRP ⁇ -HIS:hSIRP ⁇ .40A, and as one non-covalent complex with a 1:1 (198.24 kDa) stoichiometry for rhSIRP ⁇ -HIS:hSIRP ⁇ .50A.
  • Antibody and antigen bound non-covalent; non-covalent aggregates or non-specific multimers were not detected.
  • peptide mass fingerprinting of rhSIRP ⁇ -HIS was performed.
  • Samples were submitted to ASP-N, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase and thermolysin (Roche Diagnostic) proteolysis, following manufacturer's instructions followed by analysis by nLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS/MS using an Ultimate 3000 (Dionex) system in line with a LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific). This proteolysis array resulted in 98% of the sequence being covered by the identified peptides.
  • the antigen-antibody complex (rhSIRP ⁇ -HIS:hSIRP ⁇ .40A ratio 10.8 ⁇ M:8.5 ⁇ M, rhSIRP ⁇ -HIS:hSIRP ⁇ .50A ratio 5.4 p.1 ⁇ 4:2.13 ⁇ M) was incubated with deuterated cross-linkers d0/d12 (K200 MALDI Kit) for 180 minutes and subjected to multi-enzymatic cleavage with the enzymes ASP-N, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase and thermolysin.
  • the C-alpha distance between residue P74 and the identified cross-linked residues was measured in Discovery Studio using the crystal structure of SIRP ⁇ (PDB ID 4CMM).
  • the cross-linked residues identified for hSIRP ⁇ .50A are within 14.0 to 21.4 angstrom C-alpha atom distance from residue P74; the cross-linked residues identified for hSIRP ⁇ .40A are within 16.2 to 33.5 angstrom C-alpha atom distance from residue P74.
  • the C-alpha distances fit within the expected range for an epitope-paratope surface area of 700 ⁇ 2 (Rowley et al., Biotech. Ann. Rev. 10:151-188 (2004)).
  • Example 26 Comparison of hSIRP ⁇ Antibodies for Binding to hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V1(P74A), and hSIRP ⁇ 1
  • hSIRP ⁇ antibodies e.g., including the hSIRP ⁇ antibodies known in the art, KWAR23 (U.S. Patent CA2939293 Al), 18D5 (Patent WO2017/178653 A2), and various commercially available hSIRP ⁇ antibodies
  • hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V1(P74A), and hSIRP ⁇ 1 was evaluated by CELISA.
  • CHO-K1 cells ATCC CCL-61 expressing a cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRP ⁇ V1, hSIRP ⁇ V1(P74A), and hSIRP ⁇ 1 subcloned into the pCI-neo vector (Promega, Madison, Wis.).
  • CHO-Kl.hSIRP ⁇ V1, CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ V1(P74A), and CHO-K1.hSIRP ⁇ 1 cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity for 24 hours. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO 2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRP ⁇ antibodies (used at 10 ⁇ g/ml and dilutions thereof).
  • culture medium DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)
  • KWAR23, clone 18D5, and all commercially available monoclonal anti-hSIRP ⁇ antibodies are able to bind to the P74A variant of hSIRP ⁇ V1 whereas the hSIRP ⁇ .40A and hSIRP ⁇ .50A antibodies of the present invention do not bind to the P74A variant of hSIRP ⁇ V1 under the tested conditions.

Abstract

The present invention relates to anti-SIRPα antibodies, as well as use of these antibodies in the treatment of diseases such as cancer and infectious disease.

Description

  • The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/953,201, filed Apr. 13, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,851,164, which claims the benefit of Netherlands Patent Application No. 2018708, filed Apr. 13, 2017, and of Netherlands Patent Application No. 2019166, filed Jul. 3, 2017, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety including all tables, figures, and claims.
    • REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING SUBMITTED VIA EFS-WEB
  • This application includes an electronically submitted sequence listing in .txt format. The .txt file contains a sequence listing entitled “ABE-0007-CT_SeqListing.txt” created on Nov. 30, 2020, and is 233 kilobytes in size. The sequence listing contained in this .txt file is part of the specification and is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
    • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to anti-SIRPα antibodies, as well as use of these antibodies in the treatment of diseases.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) is membrane glycoprotein from the SIRP family. Members of the SIRP family share certain common structural motifs. These include a transmembrane segment and an N-terminal extracellular domain that contains three Ig-like loops connected by three pairs of disulfide bonds. The C-terminal intracellular domain, however, differs between SIRP family members. SIRPα has an extended intracellular domain containing four tyrosine residues that form two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), while SIRPβ1 contains a lysine residue in the transmembrane domain followed by a short intracellular tail lacking ITIMs serving as a receptor for DAP12. Eight SIRPα single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified, with the most prevalent being SIRPαV1 and SIRPαV2 (Takenaka et al., Nat. Immunol. 2007, 8:1313-23).
  • “Eat-me” signals (i.e. “altered self”) are extracellular players specifically produced by and displayed on the surface of apoptotic cells, but not healthy cells, and are key to the initiation of phagocytosis by activating phagocytic receptors and subsequent signaling cascades. Eat-me signals require extracellular trafficking in order to be displayed on apoptotic cells. A particular category of eat-me signals is provided by membrane-anchored proteins such as phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and calreticulin (CRT). Externalized PtdSer binds to its receptors on phagocytes to facilitate clearance of apoptotic cells (a process known as efferocytosis). Likewise, CRT is upregulated on the surface of apoptotic cells and binds to LDL-receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) on the phagocyte thereby mediating engulfment.
  • SIRPα is broadly expressed on phagocytes (e.g., macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells) and acts as an inhibitory receptor through its interaction with a transmembrane protein CD47. This interaction mediates a response referred to as the “don't eat me” signal. This interaction negatively regulates effector function of innate immune cells such as host cell phagocytosis. As CD47 is often present on tumor cells, this “don't eat me” signal is thought to contribute to the resistance of tumors to phagocyte-dependent clearance. Despite the similarities in the extracellular domains of SIRPα and SIRPβ1 functional differences exist among the SIRP family members. For example, SIRPβ1 does not bind CD47 at detectable levels and so does not mediate the “don't eat me” signal. Instead, SIRPβ1 is involved in the activation of myeloid cells.
  • Disruption of CD47-SIRPα signalling (e.g., by antagonistic monoclonal antibodies that bind to either CD47 or SIRPα) reportedly results in enhanced phagocytosis of both solid and hematopoietic tumor cells, including increased phagocytosis of glioblastoma cells in vitro and significant anti-tumor activity in vivo.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • In a first aspect, the invention provides anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof comprising the structural and functional features specified below.
  • In various embodiments, the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRPα comprising one, two, or all three of (i), (ii) and (iii): (i) a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (ii) a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (iii) a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions.
  • In various other embodiments, the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRPα comprising one, two, or all three of (i), (ii) and (iii): (i) a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (ii) a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (iii) a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions.
  • In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
      • SEQ ID NO: 75 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 78 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 80 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 82 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 84 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 86 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 88 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 102 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 7 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 10 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 12 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 14 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 16 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 18 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto, and
      • SEQ ID NO: 30 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto.
  • In various embodiments, the invention also provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRPα comprising one, two, or all three of (i), (ii) and (iii): (i) a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (ii) a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (iii) a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions.
  • In various otherembodiments, the invention also provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRPα comprising one, two, or all three of (i), (ii) and (iii): (i) a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (ii) a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (iii) a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions.
  • In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
      • SEQ ID NO: 76 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 90 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 92 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 94 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 96 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 98 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 100 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 104 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 8 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 20 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 22 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 24 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 26 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 28 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto, and
      • SEQ ID NO: 32 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto.
  • In various embodiments, the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRPα comprising:
      • (i) a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (ii) a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (iii) a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions;
      • and
      • (iv) a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (v) a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (vi) a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions.
  • In various other embodiments, the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRPα comprising:
      • (i) a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (ii) a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (iii) a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions;
      • and
      • (iv) a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; (v) a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions; and/or (vi) a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 74 by 1, 2, 3, or more conservative substitutions.
  • In still other embodiments, the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRPα comprising:
    • a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
      • SEQ ID NO: 7 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 10 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 12 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 14 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 16 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 18 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto, and
      • SEQ ID NO: 30 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto;
        and
    • a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
      • SEQ ID NO: 8 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 20 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 22 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 24 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 26 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto, and
      • SEQ ID NO: 28 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto, and
      • SEQ ID NO: 32 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto.
  • In still other embodiments, the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRPα comprising:
      • a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
        • SEQ ID NO: 75 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 78 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 80 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 82 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 84 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 86 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 88 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto; and
        • SEQ ID NO: 102 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
          and
      • a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
        • SEQ ID NO: 76 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 90 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 92 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 94 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 96 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 98 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 100 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto, and
        • SEQ ID NO: 104 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In this context, “sequence similarity” is based on the extent of identity combined with the extent of conservative changes. The percentage of “sequence similarity” is the percentage of amino acids or nucleotides which is either identical or conservatively changed viz. “sequence similarity”=percent sequence identity)+percent conservative changes). Thus, for the purpose of this invention “conservative changes” and “identity” are considered to be species of the broader term “similarity”. Thus, whenever the term sequence “similarity” is used it embraces sequence “identity” and “conservative changes”. According to certain embodiments the conservative changes are disregarded and the percent sequence similarity refers to percent sequence identity. In certain embodiments, the changes in a sequence permitted by the referenced percent sequence identity are all or nearly all conservative changes; that is, when a sequence is 90% identical, the remaining 10% are all or nearly all conservative changes. The term “nearly all” in this context refers to at least 75% of the permitted sequence changes are conservative changes, more preferably at least 85%, still more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95%. In certain embodiments of antibody heavy and/or light chains, the permitted sequence changes are within the framework regions and not in the CDRs.
  • Preferably said antibody has a heavy chain according to SEQ ID NO: 7. Further preferably said antibody has a light chain according to SEQ ID NO: 8. More preferably, the heavy chain is chosen from any of SEQ ID NO: 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 30. More preferably, the light chain is chosen from any of SEQ ID NO: 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, or 32.
  • Alternatively, said antibody has a heavy chain according to SEQ ID NO: 75. Further preferably said antibody has a light chain according to SEQ ID NO: 76. More preferably, the heavy chain is chosen from any of SEQ ID NO: 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88 or 102. More preferably, the light chain is chosen from any of SEQ ID NO: 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100 or 104.
  • In any of the above embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof may be isolated, as that term is defined herein.
  • In any of the above embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is a recombinant antibody, as that term is defined herein.
  • In any of the above embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is a full-length antibody, as that term is defined herein.
  • Antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the present invention may be obtained from a variety of species. For example, the antibodies of the present invention may comprise immunoglobulin sequences which are rabbit, mouse, rat, guinea pig, chicken, goat, sheep, donkey, human, llama or camelid sequences, or combinations of such sequences (so-called chimeric antibodies). Most preferably, the antibodies or antigen binding fragments are human or humanized antibodies or antigen binding fragments.
  • The term antibody includes antigen-binding portions, i.e., “antigen binding sites,” (e.g., fragments, subsequences, complementarity determining regions (CDRs)) that retain capacity to bind antigen, including (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL and C H1 domains; (ii) a F(ab′)2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fd fragment consisting of the VH and C H1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., (1989) Nature 341:544-546), which consists of a VH domain; and (vi) an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR). Single chain antibodies are also included by reference in the term “antibody.” Preferred therapeutic antibodies are intact IgG antibodies. The term “intact IgG” as used herein is meant as a polypeptide belonging to the class of antibodies that are substantially encoded by a recognized immunoglobulin gamma gene. In humans this class comprises IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. In mice this class comprises IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3. The known Ig domains in the IgG class of antibodies are VH, Cγ1, Cγ2, Cγ3, VL, and CL.
  • In any of the above embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is a human or humanized antibody comprising two heavy chains and two light chains. In one embodiment, the antibody is an IgG. In preferred embodiments, antibody is an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4, and preferably a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4.
  • In any of the above-mentioned embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the invention can comprise any of the light chain variable regions described above and a human kappa or lambda light chain constant domain and an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 heavy chain constant domain. Exemplary light (kappa) and heavy (IgG2 and IgG4) constant region sequences which may be used in accordance with the invention are recited in SEQ ID NOs: 63, 65, 67 (each a nucleotide sequence), 64, 66, and 68 (each a polypeptide sequence).
  • By way of example only, in various embodiments such antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises one of the following combinations of heavy chain sequence/light chain variable region sequences:
    • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L6)
      or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 10 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 20, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • In other preferred embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 16 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 28, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • In still other preferred embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 18 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 20, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 90, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 92, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 96, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and most preferably each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region.
  • In one embodiment, the anti-SIRPα antibody of the invention comprises a full length antibody structure having two light chains and two heavy chains as recited above, wherein each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1 constant region.
  • In one embodiment, the anti-SIRPα antibody of the invention comprises a full length antibody structure having two light chains and two heavy chains as recited above, wherein each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG2 constant region.
  • In one embodiment, the anti-SIRPα antibody of the invention comprises a full-length antibody structure having two light chains and two heavy chains as recited above, wherein each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG4 constant region.
  • In certain embodiments, the antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the present invention have one, two, three, four, or more, and preferably each of, the following functional characteristics:
      • binds human SIRPαV1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 with an EC50<1 nM; and exhibits at least a 100-fold higher EC50 for SIRPαV1(P74A) having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62; and optionally also at least a 100-fold higher EC50 for human SIRPβ1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38 (in each case wherein the reduced EC50 is relative to the EC50 for human SIRPαV1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, and in each case preferably when measured by cellular ELISA (CELISA) as described hereinafter;
      • binds to a cell expressing human SIRPαV1 protein with an EC50<10 nM, preferably <5 nM, more preferably <1.5 nM, still more preferably <1.0 nM, even more preferably <0.5 nM, and most preferably about 0.3 nM or less;
      • binds to a cell expressing human SIRPαV2 protein with an EC50<10 nM, preferably <5 nM, more preferably <1.5 nM, still more preferably <1.0 nM, even more preferably <0.5 nM, and most preferably about 0.3 nM or less;
      • does not appreciably bind to SIRPβ1 protein at an antibody concentration of 50 nM, preferably 67 nM, and more preferably 100 nM; or alternatively at a concentration that is 10-fold greater, preferably 50-fold greater, more preferably 100-fold greater, and still more preferably 200-fold greater than the antibody's EC50 for SIRPαV1 or SIRPαV2;
  • inhibits binding between human SIRPα and CD47 with an IC50<10.0 nM, more preferably <5.0 nM, still more preferably <2.5 nM, and most preferably about 1.0 nM or less; and
      • exhibits a T20 “humanness” score of at least 79, and more preferably 85.
  • Preferably, the anti-SIRPα antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the invention do not appreciably bind to one or both of SIRPαV1(P74A) and SIRPβ1 protein at an antibody concentration of 100 nM or alternatively at an antibody concentration that is 200-fold greater than the antibody's EC50 for SIRPαV1 or SIRPαV2, while binding to a cell expressing human SIRPαV1 protein with an EC50 <10 nM. Most preferably, each light chain comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain; and each heavy chain comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4constant region.
  • In certain embodiments, the anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the invention can be conjugated to at least one therapeutic agent. In one embodiment, the therapeutic agent is a second antibody or fragment thereof, an immunomodulator, a hormone, a cytotoxic agent, an enzyme, a radionuclide, or a second antibody conjugated to at least one immunomodulator, enzyme, radioactive label, hormone, antisense oligonucleotide, or cytotoxic agent, or a combination thereof.
  • The invention also provides isolated polypeptides comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 30, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32 or a fragment of any said sequences, or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • The invention also provides isolated nucleic acids encoding anyone of the anti-SIRPα antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the invention.
  • In one embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid which encodes an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
      • SEQ ID NO: 75 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 78 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 80 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 82 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 84 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 86 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 88 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 102 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 10 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 12 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 14 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 16 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 18 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto, and
      • SEQ ID NO: 30 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 82 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 84 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 83 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 86 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 85 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 88 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In one embodiment, the invention provides an isolated nucleic acid which encodes an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
      • SEQ ID NO: 76 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 90 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 92 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 94 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 96 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 98 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 100 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 104 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 8 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 20 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 22 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 24 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 26 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto,
      • SEQ ID NO: 28 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto, and
      • SEQ ID NO: 32 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 92 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 94 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 96 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 95 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 97 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 100 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 104 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% similar or identical thereto is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the isolated nucleic acids of the present invention can optionally comprise a leader sequence.
  • Such nucleic acids can comprise one or more of the following nucleic acid sequences:
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 83 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 85 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 95 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 97 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto, and/or
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid can encode a human or humanized antibody, and includes nucleic acid sequences for both heavy and light chains. In one embodiment, the antibody is an IgG. In preferred embodiments, antibody is an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4, and preferably a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4. In certain embodiments, the light chain sequence comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain sequence; and each heavy chain sequence comprises a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 constant region sequence.
  • Preferably, such nucleic acids comprise the following combination heavy chain and light chain variable region nucleic acid sequences:
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 19 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 21 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 23 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 25 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 27 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 19 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 21 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 23 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 25 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 27 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 19 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 21 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 23 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 25 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 27 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 19 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 21 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 23 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 25 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 27 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 19 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 21 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 23 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 25 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 27 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L6)
      or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 19 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 27 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 17 and SEQ ID NO: 19 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 89 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 91 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and SEQ ID NO: 95 or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • The invention also provides expression vectors comprising one or more nucleic acids of the present invention. An expression vector is a DNA molecule comprising the regulatory elements necessary for transcription of a target nucleic acid in a host cell. Typically, the target nucleic acid is placed under the control of certain regulatory elements including constitutive or inducible promoters, tissue-specific regulatory elements, and enhancer elements. Such a target nucleic acid is said to be “operably linked to” the regulatory elements when the regulating element controls the expression of the gene.
  • These isolated nucleic acids and the expression vectors comprising them may be used to express the antibodies of the invention or antigen binding fragments thereof in recombinant host cells. Thus, the invention also provides host cells comprising an expression vector of the present invention.
  • Such expression vectors can comprise one or more of the following nucleic acid sequences operably linked to regulatory elements:
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 83 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 85 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 95 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 97 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto, and/or
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • In certain embodiments, the expression vector comprises nucleic acid sequences encoding both a heavy chain sequence and a light chain sequence of an anti-SIRPα antibody of the present invention. Preferably, such expression vectors comprise the following combination heavy chain and light chain variable region nucleic acid sequences:
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 19 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 21 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 23 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 25 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 27 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 19 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 21 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 23 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 25 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 27 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 19 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 21 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 23 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 25 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 27 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 19 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 21 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 23 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 25 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 27 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 19 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 21 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 23 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 25 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 27 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L6)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 89 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L1)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 91 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L2)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 93 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L3)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 95 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L4)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 97 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L5)
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 99 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L6)
      or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • In any of the above embodiments, the expression vector can encode for expression a human or humanized antibody, and includes nucleic acid sequences for both heavy and light chains. In one embodiment, the antibody is an IgG. In preferred embodiments, antibody is an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4, and preferably a human IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4. In certain embodiments, the light chain sequence comprises a human kappa light chain or a human lambda light chain constant domain sequence; and each heavy chain sequence comprises a human IgG4 constant region sequence.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 9 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 19, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 15 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 27, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 17 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 19, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 89, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 91, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • In some preferred embodiments, the expression vector encodes for expression a human or humanized antibody, wherein the heavy chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 79 and the light chain nucleic acid sequence comprises SEQ ID NO: 95, or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO, and is most preferably an IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype.
  • In one embodiment, the host cell is Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell. In one embodiment, the host cell is a mammalian cell (e.g., a human cell such as an HEK293 cell, a hamster cell such as a CHO cell, etc.), a bacterial cell (e.g., an E. coli cell) a yeast cell (e.g., a Pichia pastoris cell, etc.), a plant cell (e.g., a Nicotiana benthamiana cell), etc. Mammalian cells are preferred due to glycosylation patterns that are most favorable.
  • The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • In one embodiment, the composition comprises one or more further therapeutic agents. In one embodiment, the further therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: an anti-CD27 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-LAG3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-APRIL antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIGIT antibody or antigen biding fragment thereof; an anti-VISTA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-BTLA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIM3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CTLA4 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-HVEM antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD70 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD137 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-OX40 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD28 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; thereof; an anti-PD1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL2 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-GITR antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ICOS antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT2 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT3 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT4 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; and an anti-ILT5 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti 4-1BB antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2A antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2C antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2E antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TSLP antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-IL-10 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; IL-10 or PEGylated IL-10; an agonist (e.g., an agonistic antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or a soluble fusion) of a TNF receptor protein; an Immunoglobulin-like protein; a cytokine receptor; an integrin; a signaling lymphocytic activation molecules (SLAM proteins); an activating NK cell receptor; a Toll like receptor; OX40; CD2; CD7; CD27; CD28; CD30; CD40; ICAM-1; LFA-1 (CD1 la/CD18); 4-1BB (CD137); B7-H3; ICOS (CD278); GITR; BAFFR; LIGHT; HVEM (LIGHTR); KIRDS2; SLAMF7; NKp80 (KLRF1); NKp44; NKp30; NKp46; CD19; CD4; CD8alpha; CD8beta; IL2R beta; IL2R gamma; IL7R alpha; ITGA4; VLA1; CD49a; ITGA4; IA4; CD49D; ITGA6; VLA-6; CD49f; ITGAD; CD1 1d; ITGAE; CD103; ITGAL; ITGAM; CD1 lb; ITGAX; CD1 1c; ITGB1; CD29; ITGB2; CD18; ITGB7; NKG2D; NKG2C; TNFR2; TRANCE/RANKL; DNAM1 (CD226); SLAMF4 (CD244; 2B4); CD84; CD96 (Tactile); CEACAM1; CRTAM; Ly9 (CD229); CD160 (BY55); PSGL1; CD100 (SEMA4D); CD69; SLAMF6 (NTB-A; Ly108); SLAM (SLAMF1, CD150, IPO-3); SLAM7; BLAME (SLAMF8); SELPLG (CD162); LTBR; LAT; GADS; PAG/Cbp; CD19a; a ligand that specifically binds with CD83; an inhibitor of CD47, PD-1, PD-L1; PD-L2; CTLA4; TIM3; LAG3; CEACAM (e.g.; CEACAM-1, -3 and/or -5); VISTA; BTLA; TIGIT; LAIR1; IDO; TDO; CD160; TGFR beta; and a cyclic dinculeotide or other STING pathway agonist.
  • The invention also comprises a combination comprising an antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention and a second antibody that induces ADCC, wherein said antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention enhances the antibody-mediated destruction of cells by the second antibody. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby an effector cell of the immune system actively lyses a target cell, whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies. ADCC is often thought of as being mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, but dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes, and granulocytes can also mediate ADCC.
  • The invention also comprises a combination comprising an antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention and a second antibody that induces ADCP, wherein said antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention enhances the antibody-mediated phagocytosis of cells by the second antibody. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby target cells are killed via granulocyte, monocyte, dendritic cell, or macrophage-mediated phagocytosis.
  • Natural killer (NK) cells play a major role in cancer immunotherapies that involve tumor-antigen targeting by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In the context of targeting cells, NK cells can be “specifically activated” through certain Fc receptors that are expressed on their cell surface. NK cells can express FcγRIIIA and/or FcγRIIC, which can bind to the Fc portion of immunoglobulins, transmitting activating signals within NK cells. Once activated through Fc receptors by antibodies bound to target cells, NK cells are able to lyse target cells without priming, and secrete cytokines like interferon gamma to recruit adaptive immune cells. Likewise, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express surface receptors that bind the Fc fragment of antibodies and enable them to engage in Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity/phagocytosis (ADCC/ADCP). Because SIRPα/CD47 signalling induces a “don't eat me” response that reduces ADCC/ADCP, blocking of this signaling by the anti-SIRPα antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the invention can enhance ADCC of tumor cells bearing the antigenic determinant to which the therapeutic antibody is directed.
  • This ADCC/ADCP as a mode of action may be utilized in the treatment of various cancers and infectious diseases. An exemplary list of ADCC/ADCP-inducing antibodies and antibody conjugates that can be combined with the antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, ADCT-502, Hu14.18K322A, Hu3F8, Dinituximab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, Rituximab-RLI, c.60C3-RLI, Hu14.18-IL2, KM2812, AFM13, and (CD20)2xCD16, erlotinib (Tarceva), daratumumab, alemtuzumab, pertuzumab, brentuximab, elotuzumab, ibritumomab, ifabotuzumab, farletuzumab, otlertuzumab, carotuximab, epratuzumab, inebilizumab, lumretuzumab, 4G7SDIE, AFM21, AFM22, LY-3022855, SNDX-6352, AFM-13, BI-836826, BMS-986012, BVX-20, mogamulizumab, ChiLob-7/4, leukotuximab, isatuximab, DS-8895, FPA144, GM102, GSK-2857916, IGN523, IT1208, ADC-1013, CAN-04, XOMA-213, PankoMab-GEX, chKM-4927, IGN003, IGN004, IGN005, MDX-1097, MOR202, MOR-208, oportuzumab, ensituximab, vedotin (Adcetris), ibritumomab tiuxetan, ABBV-838, HuMax-AXL-ADC, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla). An exemplary list of target antigens for such ADCC/ADCP-inducing antibodies includes, but is not limited to, AMHR2, AXL, BCMA, CA IX, CD4, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD52, CD98, CSF1R, GD2, CCR4, CS1, EpCam, EGFR, EGFRvIII, Endoglin, EPHA2, EphA3, FGFR2b, folate receptor alpha, fucosyl-GM1, HER2, HERS, IL1RAP, kappa myeloma antigen, MS4A1, prolactin receptor, TA-MUC1, and PSMA.
  • In certain embodiments, the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof induces ADCP. By way of example only, such antibodies may be selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, alemtuzumab, ibritumomab, farletuzumab, inebilizumab, lumretuzumab, 4G7SDIE, BMS-986012, BVX-20, mogamulizumab, ChiLob-7/4, GM102, GSK-2857916, PankoMab-GEX, chKM-4927, MDX-1097, MOR202, and MOR-208.
  • In embodiments where the antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the present invention are combined with one or more ADCC/ADCP-inducing antibodies and antibody conjugates, such combinations may also be used optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure. In one embodiment, the further therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: an anti-LAG3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-APRIL antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIGIT antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-VISTA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-BTLA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIM3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CTLA4 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-HVEM antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD70 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD137 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-OX40 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD28 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; thereof; an anti-PD1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL2 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-GITR antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ICOS antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT2 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT3 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT4 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT5 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; and an anti-4-1BB antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2A antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2C antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2E antibody or an antgien binding fragment thereof; an anti-TSLP antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-IL-10 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; and IL-10 or PEGylated IL-10.
  • The invention also provides a vessel or injection device comprising anyone of the anti-SIRPα antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the invention.
  • The invention also provides a method of producing an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention comprising: culturing a host cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding a heavy chain and/or light chain of an antibody of the invention (or an antigen binding fragment thereof) under conditions favorable to expression of the polynucleotide; and optionally, recovering the antibody or antigen binding fragment from the host cell and/or culture medium. In one embodiment, the polynucleotide encoding the heavy chain and the polynucleotide encoding the light chain are in a single vector. In another embodiment, the polynucleotide encoding the heavy chain and the polynucleotide encoding the light chain are in different vectors.
  • The invention also provides a method of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • In one embodiment, the subject to be treated is a human subject. In one embodiment, the further therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: an anti-LAG3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-APRIL antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an an anti-TIGIT antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-VISTA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-BTLA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIM3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CTLA4 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-HVEM antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD70 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD137 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-OX40 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD28 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; thereof; an anti-PD1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL2 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-GITR antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ICOS antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT2 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT3 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT4 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT5 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; and an anti-4-1BB antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2A antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2C antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2E antibody or an antgien binding fragment thereof; an anti-TSLP antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-IL-10 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; and IL-10 or PEGylated IL-10.
  • The invention also provides a method of treating an infection or infectious disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure. In one embodiment, the subject to be treated is a human subject.
  • In one embodiment, the further therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of: an anti-LAG3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-APRIL antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an an anti-TIGIT antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-VISTA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-B TLA antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-TIM3 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CTLA4 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-HVEM antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD70 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD137 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-OX40 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-CD28 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; thereof; an anti-PD1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL1 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-PDL2 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-GITR antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ICOS antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT2 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT3 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT4 antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-ILT5 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; and an anti-4-1BB antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2A antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2C antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-NKG2E antibody or an antien binding fragment thereof; an anti-TSLP antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; an anti-IL-10 antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; and IL-10 or PEGylated IL-10.
  • The invention also provides a method for detecting the presence of a SIRPα peptide or a fragment thereof in a sample comprising contacting the sample with an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof of the invention and detecting the presence of a complex between the antibody or fragment and the peptide; wherein detection of the complex indicates the presence of the SIRPα peptide.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • FIG. 1 depicts cross-reactivity of commercially available anti-hSIRPα antibodies with hSIRPβ1 and allele-specific binding to hSIRPαV1 and hSIRPαV2.
  • FIG. 2 depicts reactivity of KWAR23 antibody with hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, and hSIRPγ.
  • FIG. 3 depicts reactivity of antibody clone hSIRPα.50A for various hSIRPα alleles.
  • FIG. 4 depicts the ability of hSIRPα.50A antibody to block recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein binding to cell surface expressed hSIRPα.
  • FIG. 5A depicts binding of hSIRP?.50A antibody to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a human donor.
  • FIG. 5B depicts binding of hSIRP?.50A antibody to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a second human donor.
  • FIG. 5C depicts the ability of hSIRP?.50A antibody to block hCD47 binding to to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a human donor.
  • FIG. 5D depicts the ability of hSIRP?.50A antibody to block hCD47 binding to to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a second human donor.
  • FIG. 6A depicts binding of hSIRPα.50A antibody to primary human granulocytes.
  • FIG. 6B depicts phagocytosis of tumor cells by primary human granulocytes in the presence of rituximab plus or minus the hSIRPα.50A antibody.
  • FIG. 6C depicts phagocytosis of tumor cells by primary human granulocytes in the presence of daratumumab plus or minus the hSIRPα.50A antibody.
  • FIG. 6D depicts phagocytosis of tumor cells by primary human granulocytes in the presence of alemtuzumab plus or minus the hSIRPα.50A antibody.
  • FIG. 6E depicts phagocytosis of tumor cells by primary human granulocytes in the presence of cetuximab plus or minus the hSIRPα.50A antibody.
  • FIG. 7 depicts phagocytosis of tumor cells by human macrophages in the presence of the indicated antibody (rituximab or daratumumab) plus or minus the hSIRPα.50A antibody.
  • FIG. 8 depicts blocking of the hSIRPα/hCD47 interaction bymouse hSIRPα.50A and humanized hSIRPα.50A antibodies to hSIRPα.
  • FIG. 9 depicts depicts hSIRPα.50A antibody binding to hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, hSIRPα-VβC1αC2α, hSIRPα-VaC1βC2α, and hSIRPα-VaC1αC2β.
  • FIG. 10A depicts an alignment of the hSIRPα and hSIRPβ1 IgV domain amino acid sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 133-135).
  • FIG. 10B depicts loss of hSIRPα.50A antibody binding to hSIRPαV1(P74A).
  • FIG. 11 depicts binding of hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A antibodies to hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, hSIRPβL, and hSIRPγ.
  • FIG. 12 depicts binding of hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A antibodies to hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPαV3, hSIRPαV4, hSIRPαV5, hSIRPαV6, hSIRPαV8, and hSIRPαV9.
  • FIG. 13 depicts the ability of hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A antibodies to block recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein binding to cell surface expressed hSIRPα.
  • FIG. 14A depicts binding of hSIRP?.40A antibody to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a human donor.
  • FIG. 14B depicts binding of hSIRP?.40A antibody to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a second human donor.
  • FIG. 14C depicts the ability of hSIRP?.40A antibody to block hCD47 binding to to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a human donor.
  • FIG. 14D depicts the ability of hSIRP?.40A antibody to block hCD47 binding to to primary CD14+ enriched monocytes from a second human donor.
  • FIG. 15A depicts binding of hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A antibodies to primary human granulocytes.
  • FIG. 15B depicts phagocytosis of Ramos cells by primary human granulocytes in the presence of rituximab plus or minus the hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A antibodies.
  • FIG. 16 depicts enhancement of rituximab-induced Raji cell phagocytosis by hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A antibodies.
  • FIG. 17 depicts binding of mouse hSIRPα.40A and humanized hSIRPα.40A antibodies to hSIRPα.
  • FIG. 18 depicts the blockade of hCD47 binding to hSIRPα in the presence of humanized hSIRPα.40A antibody variants.
  • FIG. 19 depicts binding of hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A antibodies to hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, hSIRP-VγC1βC2β, hSIRP-VβC1γC2β, and hSIRP-VβC1βC2γ.
  • FIG. 20 depicts loss of hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A antibody binding to hSIRPαV1(P74A).
  • FIG. 21 depicts the ability of chimeric hSIRPα.40A antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 22 depicts the ability of humanized hSIRPα.40A antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 23A depicts the ability of mouse hSIRPα.50A and chimeric hSIRPα.50A hIgG2 and hIgG4 antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 23B depicts the ability of chimeric hSIRPα.50A hIgG2 and hIgG4 antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 23C depicts the ability of chimerichSIRPα.50A hIgG2 and hIgG4 antibody variants to affect daratumumab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 23D depicts the ability of mouse hSIRPα.50A and chimeric hSIRPα.50A hIgG2 antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis in granulocytes.
  • FIG. 24A depicts the ability of mouse hSIRPα.50A and chimeric hSIRPα.50A.hIgG1.N297Q, hSIRPα.50A.hIgG4.N297Q or hSIRPα.50A.hIgG2 antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 24B depicts the ability of mouse hSIRPα.50A and chimeric hSIRPα.50A.hIgG 1.N297Q, hSIRPα.50A.hIgG4.N297Q or hSIRPα.50A.hIgG2 antibody variants to affect daratumumab-mediated phagocytosis.
  • FIG. 25 depicts the ability of chimeric hSIRPα.50A.hIgG1.N297Q, hSIRPα.50A hIgG1.L234A.L235A.P329G, and hSIRPα.50A hIgG2 or hIgG4 antibody variants to affect rituximab-mediated phagocytosis.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION Abbreviations
  • Throughout the detailed description and examples of the invention the following abbreviations will be used:
    • ADCC Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
    • ADCP Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis
    • CDC Complement-dependent cytotoxicity
    • CDR Complementarity determining region in the immunoglobulin variable regions, defined using the Kabat numbering system
    • CHO Chinese hamster ovary
    • EC50 Concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed
    • ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay
    • FR Antibody framework region: the immunoglobulin variable regions excluding the CDR regions.
    • HRP Horseradish peroxidase
    • IFN interferon
    • IC50 concentration resulting in 50% inhibition
    • IgG Immunoglobulin G
    • Kabat An immunoglobulin alignment and numbering system pioneered by Elvin A. Kabat ((1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.)
    • mAb or Mab or MAb Monoclonal antibody
    • SEB Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B
    • TT Tetanus toxoid
    • V region The segment of Ig chains which is variable in sequence between different antibodies. It extends to Kabat residue 109 in the light chain and 113 in the heavy chain.
    • VH Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region
    • VK Immunoglobulin kappa light chain variable region
    • VL Immunoglobulin light chain variable region
    Definitions
  • So that the invention may be more readily understood, certain technical and scientific terms are specifically defined below. Unless specifically defined elsewhere in this document, all other technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
  • As used herein, including the appended claims, the singular forms of words such as “a,” “an,” and “the,” include their corresponding plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
  • “Administration” and “treatment,” as it applies to an animal, human, experimental subject, cell, tissue, organ, or biological fluid, refers to contact of an exogenous pharmaceutical, therapeutic, diagnostic agent, or composition to the animal, human, subject, cell, tissue, organ, or biological fluid. Treatment of a cell encompasses contact of a reagent to the cell, as well as contact of a reagent to a fluid, where the fluid is in contact with the cell. “Administration” and “treatment” also means in vitro and ex vivo treatments, e.g., of a cell, by a reagent, diagnostic, binding compound, or by another cell.
  • “Treat” or “treating” means to administer a therapeutic agent, such as a composition containing any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments of the present invention, internally or externally to a subject or patient having one or more disease symptoms, or being suspected of having a disease, for which the agent has therapeutic activity. Typically, the agent is administered in an amount effective to alleviate one or more disease symptoms in the treated subject or population, whether by inducing the regression of or inhibiting the progression of such symptom(s) by any clinically measurable degree. The amount of a therapeutic agent that is effective to alleviate any particular disease symptom may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, and weight of the patient, and the ability of the drug to elicit a desired response in the subject. Whether a disease symptom has been alleviated can be assessed by any clinical measurement typically used by physicians or other skilled healthcare providers to assess the severity or progression status of that symptom.
  • “Recombinant expression” of a protein means the transcription and translation of an exogenous gene in a host organism to generate the protein, which is referred to herein as a “recombinant protein.”
    • SIRPα and Associated Proteins
  • SIRPα belongs to a class of membrane proteins known as “paired receptors” that contain several genes coding for proteins (e.g., SIRPα, SIRPβ1, and SIRPγ) with similar extracellular regions but different transmembrane and/or cytoplasmic regions having opposite (activating or inhibitory) signaling abilities. Like SIRPα, there are several examples of paired receptors on NK cells and some on myeloid cells, including the SIRP and CD200 receptor families (Hatherley et al., Mol Cell. 2008; 31: 266-277).
  • SIRPα contains an extracellular region that can be subdivided into three separate domains: the Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) V-type (IgV), Ig-like C1-type (IgC1), and Ig-like C2-type (IgC2) domain. The IgV domain is also known as the ligand-binding N-terminal domain of SIRPα. Like SIRPα, also the related proteins SIRPβ1 and SIRPγ comprise an extracellular region that can be subdivided into an IgV, IgC1, and IgC2 domain. However, SIRPα, SIRPβ1 and SIRPγ have different cytoplasmic regions. SIRPβ1 has a very short cytoplasmic region of only 6 amino acids and lacks signalling motifs for association with phosphatases. Instead, this protein associates with DNAX activation protein 12 (DAP12), a dimeric adaptor protein that binds an amino acid with a basic side chain in the transmembrane region of SIRPβ1 and is able to transmit activating signals through its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). SIRPγ also has a short cytoplasmic region of 4 amino acids, but it lacks a charged amino-acid side chain in the transmembrane region and therefore does not associate with DAP12. Hence, SIRPγ is annotated as a non-signalling protein (Barclay, A. N. and Brown, M. H., Nat Rev Immunol. 2006; 6: 457-464).
  • The major ligand of SIRPγ is CD47, which consists of one extracellular IgV domain, a five times transmembrane-spanning domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. CD47 functions as a cellular ligand with binding mediated through the NH2-terminal IgV domain of SIRPγ. Evidence that CD47 contributes to recognition of self comes from the observation that splenic macrophages derived from CD47-expressing mice clear infused blood cells from CD47−/− mice (Oldenborg et al., Science. 2000; 288: 2051-2054).
  • In addition to CD47, two other SIRPγ ligands have been reported, known as surfactant proteins A and D (Sp-A and Sp-D), both of which belong to the collectin family. Sp-D has been reported to bind to the membrane-proximal IgC2 domain of SIRPγ in a calcium- and saccharide-dependent manner. It is thought that Sp-A and Sp-D help maintain an anti-inflammatory environment in the lung by stimulating SIRPγ on alveolar macrophages (Gardai et al., Cell. 2003; 115: 13-23).
  • The amino acid sequence of eight human SIRPγ variants are listed in SEQ ID NOs: 34, 36, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, and 54; exemplary nucleic acid sequences encoding these variants are listed in SEQ ID NOs: 33, 35, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, and 53, respectively.
  • For comparison, the amino acid sequence of human SIRPβ1 and SIRPγ are listed in SEQ ID NOs: 38 and 40, respectively, and exemplary nucleic acid sequences in SEQ ID NOs: 37 and 39, respectively.
  • The amino acid sequence of human CD47 is listed in SEQ ID NO: 42, and an exemplary nucleic acid sequence in SEQ ID NO: 41.
  • Modified SIRPγ polypeptides hSIRPα-VβC1αC2α, hSIRPα-VaC1βC2α, hSIRPα-VαC1αC2β, and hSIRPαV1(P74A) discussed hereinafter are listed in SEQ IDNOs: 56, 58, 60, and 62; exemplary nucleic acid sequences encoding these variants are listed in SEQ ID NOs: 55, 57, 59, and 61, respectively.
    • Anti-SIRPα Antibodies and Antigen-Binding Fragments Thereof
  • The present invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that bind human SIRPα and uses of such antibodies or fragments. In some embodiments, the anti-SIRPα antibodies are isolated.
  • Whether an antibody specifically binds to a polypeptide sequence (e.g., human SIRPα, hSIRPβ1, etc.) can be determined using any assay known in the art. Examples of assays known in the art to determining binding affinity include surface plasmon resonance (e.g., BIACORE) or a similar technique (e.g. KinExa or OCTET).
  • As used herein, the term “antibody” refers to any form of antibody that exhibits the desired biological activity. The term antibody includes antigen-binding portions, i.e., “antigen binding sites,” (e.g., fragments, subsequences, complementarity determining regions (CDRs)) that retain capacity to bind antigen, including (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL and C H1 domains; (ii) a F(ab′)2 fragment, a bivalent fragment comprising two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fd fragment consisting of the VH and C H1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment (Ward et al., (1989) Nature 341:544-546), which consists of a VH domain; and (vi) an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR). Single chain antibodies are also included by reference in the term “antibody.” Preferred therapeutic antibodies are intact IgG antibodies. The term “intact IgG” as used herein is meant as a polypeptide belonging to the class of antibodies that are substantially encoded by a recognized immunoglobulin gamma gene. In humans this class comprises IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. In mice this class comprises IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3. The known Ig domains in the IgG class of antibodies are VH, Cγ1, Cγ2, Cγ3, VL, and CL.
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα antigen-binding fragments and methods of use thereof.
  • As used herein, a “full length antibody” is, in the case of an IgG, a bivalent molecule comprising two heavy chains and two light chains. Each heavy chain comprises a VH domain followed by a constant domain (CH1), a hinge region, and two more constant (CH2 and CH3) domains; while each light chain comprises one VL domain and one constant (CL) domain. A full length antibody in the case of an IgM is a decavalent or dodecavalent molecule comprising 5 or 6 linked immunoglobulins in which immunoglobulin each monomer has two antigen binding sites formed of a heavy and light chain.
  • As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, “antibody fragment” or “antigen-binding fragment” refers to antigen-binding fragments of antibodies, i.e. antibody fragments that retain the ability to bind specifically to the antigen bound by the full-length antibody, e.g. fragments that retain one or more CDR regions. Examples of antigen-binding fragments include, but are not limited to, Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)2, and Fv fragments; diabodies; linear antibodies; single-chain antibody molecules, e.g., sc-Fv; nanobodies and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα Fab fragments and methods of use thereof. A “Fab fragment” is comprised of one light chain and the C H1 and variable regions of one heavy chain. The heavy chain of a Fab molecule cannot form a disulfide bond with another heavy chain molecule. A “Fab fragment” can be the product of papain cleavage of an antibody.
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof which comprise an Fc region and methods of use thereof. An “Fc” region contains two heavy chain fragments comprising the C H3 and C H2 domains of an antibody. The two heavy chain fragments are held together by two or more disulfide bonds and by hydrophobic interactions of the C H3 domains.
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα Fab′ fragments and methods of use thereof. A “Fab′ fragment” contains one light chain and a portion or fragment of one heavy chain that contains the VH domain and the C H1 domain and also the region between the C H1 and C H2 domains, such that an interchain disulfide bond can be formed between the two heavy chains of two Fab′ fragments to form a F(ab′)2 molecule.
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα F(ab′)2 fragments and methods of use thereof. A “F(ab′)2 fragment” contains two light chains and two heavy chains containing a portion of the constant region between the CH1 and CH2 domains, such that an interchain disulfide bond is formed between the two heavy chains. A F(ab′)2 fragment thus is composed of two Fab′ fragments that are held together by a disulfide bond between the two heavy chains. An “F(ab′)2 fragment” can be the product of pepsin cleavage of an antibody.
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα Fv fragments and methods of use thereof. The “Fv region” comprises the variable regions from both the heavy and light chains, but lacks the constant regions.
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα scFv fragments and methods of use thereof. The term “single-chain Fv” or “scFv” antibody refers to antibody fragments comprising the VH and VL domains of an antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain. Generally, the Fv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the VH and VL domains which enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen-binding. For a review of scFv, see Pluckthun (1994) THE PHARMACOLOGY OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES, vol. 113, Rosenburg and Moore eds. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315. See also, International Patent Application Publication No. WO 88/01649 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,946, 778 and 5,260,203.
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα domain antibodies and methods of use thereof. A “domain antibody” is an immunologically functional immunoglobulin fragment containing only the variable region of a heavy chain or the variable region of a light chain. In some instances, two or more VH regions are covalently joined with a peptide linker to create a bivalent domain antibody. The two VH regions of a bivalent domain antibody may target the same or different antigens.
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα bivalent antibodies and methods of use thereof. A “bivalent antibody” comprises two antigen-binding sites. In some instances, the two binding sites have the same antigen specificities. However, bivalent antibodies may be bispecific (see below).
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα diabodies and methods of use thereof. As used herein, the term “diabodies” refers to small antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites, which fragments comprise a heavy chain variable domain (VH) connected to a light chain variable domain (VL) in the same polypeptide chain (VH-VL or VL-VH). By using a linker that is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain, the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of another chain and create two antigen-binding sites. Diabodies are described more fully in, e.g., EP 404,097; WO 93/11161; and Holliger et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 6444-6448. Duobodies are described in Labrijn et al., 2013, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110 (13): 5145-5150. For a review of engineered antibody variants generally see Holliger and Hudson (2005) Nat. Biotechnol. 23:1126-1136.
  • Typically, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention which is modified in some way retains at least 10% of its binding activity (when compared to the parental antibody) when that activity is expressed on a molar basis. Preferably, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention retains at least 20%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or 100% or more of the SIRPα binding affinity as the parental antibody. It is also intended that an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention can include conservative or non-conservative amino acid substitutions (referred to as “conservative variants” or “function conserved variants” of the antibody) that do not substantially alter its biologic activity.
  • The present invention includes isolated anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof and methods of use thereof. Herein, the term “isolated” is not intended to refer to a complete absence of such biological molecules or to an absence of water, buffers, or salts or to components of a pharmaceutical formulation that includes the antibodies or fragments. An “isolated” antibody, antigen-binding fragment, nucleic acid, etc., is one which has been identified and separated and/or recovered from one or more components of its natural environment. In preferred embodiments, the antibody, antigen-binding fragment, nucleic acid, etc., is purified to 75% by weight or more, more preferably to 90% by weight or more, still more preferably to 95% by weight or more, an still more preferably to 98% by weight or more. Thus, “isolated” biological molecules are at least partially free of other biological molecules from the cells or cell cultures in which they are produced. Such biological molecules include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, or other material such as cellular debris and growth medium. An isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment may further be at least partially free of expression system components such as biological molecules from a host cell or of the growth medium thereof.
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα chimeric antibodies (e.g., human constant domain/mouse variable domain) and methods of use thereof. As used herein, a “chimeric antibody” is an antibody having the variable domain from a first antibody and the constant domain from a second antibody, where the first and second antibodies are from different species. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; and Morrison et al., (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 6851-6855). Typically, the variable domains are obtained from an antibody from an experimental animal (the “parental antibody”), such as a rodent, and the constant domain sequences are obtained from human antibodies, so that the resulting chimeric antibody will be less likely to elicit an adverse immune response in a human subject than the parental (e.g., mouse) antibody.
  • The present invention includes anti-SIRPα humanized antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof (e.g., rat or mouse antibodies that have been humanized) and methods of use thereof. As used herein, the term “humanized antibody” refers to forms of antibodies that contain sequences from both human and non-human (e.g., mouse or rat) antibodies. In general, the humanized antibody will comprise substantially of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the hypervariable loops correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin, and all or substantially all of the framework (FR) regions are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence. The humanized antibody may optionally comprise at least a portion of a human immunoglobulin constant region (Fc). For more details about humanized antibodies, see, e.g., Jones et al., Nature, 321:522-525 (1986); Reichmann et al., Nature, 332:323-329 (1988); Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol., 2:593-596 (1992); and Clark, Immunol. Today 21: 397-402 (2000).
  • In general, the basic antibody structural unit comprises a tetramer. Each tetramer includes two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, each pair having one “light” (about 25 kDa) and one “heavy” chain (about 50-70 kDa). The amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids primarily responsible for antigen recognition. The carboxy-terminal portion of the heavy chain may define a constant region primarily responsible for effector function. Typically, human light chains are classified as kappa and lambda light chains. Furthermore, human heavy chains are typically classified as mu, delta, gamma, alpha, or epsilon, and define the antibody's isotype as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE, respectively. Within light and heavy chains, the variable and constant regions are joined by a “J” region of about 12 or more amino acids, with the heavy chain also including a “D” region of about 10 more amino acids. See generally, Fundamental Immunology Ch. 7 (Paul, W., ed., 2nd ed. Raven Press, N.Y. (1989).
  • The variable regions of each light/heavy chain pair form the antibody binding site. Thus, in general, an intact antibody has two binding sites. Except in bifunctional or bispecific antibodies, the two binding sites are, in general, the same.
  • Typically, the variable domains of both the heavy and light chains comprise three hypervariable regions, also called complementarity determining regions (CDRs), located within relatively conserved framework regions (FR). The CDRs are usually aligned by the framework regions, enabling binding to a specific epitope. In general, from N-terminal to C-terminal, both light and heavy chains variable domains comprise FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3 and FR4. The assignment of amino acids to each domain is, generally, in accordance with the definitions of Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Kabat, et al.; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.; 5th ed.; NIH Publ. No. 91-3242 (1991); Kabat (1978) Adv. Prot. Chem. 32:1-75; Kabat, et al., (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252:6609-6616; Chothia, et al., (1987) J Mol. Biol. 196:901-917 or Chothia, et al., (1989) Nature 342:878-883.
  • As used herein, the term “hypervariable region” refers to the amino acid residues of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that are responsible for antigen-binding. The hypervariable region comprises amino acid residues from a “complementarity determining region” or “CDR” (i.e. CDRL1, CDRL2 and CDRL3 in the light chain variable domain and CDRH1, CDRH2 and CDRH3 in the heavy chain variable domain). See Kabat et al. (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (defining the CDR regions of an antibody by sequence); see also Chothia and Lesk (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917 (defining the CDR regions of an antibody by structure). As used herein, the term “framework” or “FR” residues refers to those variable domain residues other than the hypervariable region residues defined herein as CDR residues.
  • “Isolated nucleic acid molecule” or “isolated polynucleotide” means a DNA or RNA of genomic, mRNA, cDNA, or synthetic origin or some combination thereof which is not associated with all or a portion of a polynucleotide in which the isolated polynucleotide is found in nature, or is linked to a polynucleotide to which it is not linked in nature. For purposes of this disclosure, it should be understood that “a nucleic acid molecule comprising” a particular nucleotide sequence does not encompass intact chromosomes. Isolated nucleic acid molecules “comprising” specified nucleic acid sequences may include, in addition to the specified sequences, coding sequences for up to ten or even up to twenty or more other proteins or portions or fragments thereof, or may include operably linked regulatory sequences that control expression of the coding region of the recited nucleic acid sequences, and/or may include vector sequences.
  • The phrase “control sequences” refers to DNA sequences necessary for the expression of an operably linked coding sequence in a particular host organism. The control sequences that are suitable for prokaryotes, for example, include a promoter, optionally an operator sequence, and a ribosome binding site. Eukaryotic cells are known to use promoters, polyadenylation signals, and enhancers.
  • A nucleic acid or polynucleotide is “operably linked” when it is placed into a functional relationship with another nucleic acid sequence. For example, DNA for a presequence or secretory leader is operably linked to DNA for a polypeptide if it is expressed as a preprotein that participates in the secretion of the polypeptide; a promoter or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence; or a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to facilitate translation. Generally, but not always, “operably linked” means that the DNA sequences being linked are contiguous, and, in the case of a secretory leader, contiguous and in reading phase. However, enhancers do not have to be contiguous. Linking is accomplished by ligation at convenient restriction sites. If such sites do not exist, the synthetic oligonucleotide adaptors or linkers are used in accordance with conventional practice.
  • As used herein, the expressions “cell,” “cell line,” and “cell culture” are used interchangeably and all such designations include progeny. Thus, the words “transformants” and “transformed cells” include the primary subject cell and cultures derived therefrom without regard for the number of transfers. It is also understood that not all progeny will have precisely identical DNA content, due to deliberate or inadvertent mutations. Mutant progeny that have the same function or biological activity as screened for in the originally transformed cell are included. Where distinct designations are intended, it will be clear from the context.
  • As used herein, “germline sequence” refers to a sequence of unrearranged immunoglobulin DNA sequences. Any suitable source of unrearranged immunoglobulin sequences may be used. Human germline sequences may be obtained, for example, from JOINSOLVER germline databases on the website for the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the United States National Institutes of Health. Mouse germline sequences may be obtained, for example, as described in Giudicelli et al. (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. 33: D256-D261.
    • Physical and Functional Properties of the Exemplary Anti-SIRPα Antibodies
  • The present invention provides anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof having specified structural and functional features, and methods of use of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof in the treatment or prevention of disease (e.g., cancer or infectious disease).
  • As stated above, antibodies and fragments that bind to the same epitope as any of the anti-SIRPα antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the present invention also form part of the present invention. In one embodiment, the invention provides an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to the same epitope of human SIRPα as an antibody comprising one of the following combinations of heavy chain sequence/light chain sequence (or in each case an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto):
  • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H1L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H2L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H3L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H4L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 20 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 22 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 24 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 26 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 28 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.50A.H5L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H1L6)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H2L6)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H3L6)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H4L6)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H5L6)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 90 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L1)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 92 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L2)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 94 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L3)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 96 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L4)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 98 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L5)
  • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 100 (referred to herein as hSIRPα.40A.H6L6).
  • There are several methods available for mapping antibody epitopes on target antigens, including: H/D-Ex mass spectrometry, crosslinking coupled mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, pepscan analysis and site directed mutagenesis. For example, HDX (Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange) coupled with proteolysis and mass spectrometry can be used to determine the epitope of an antibody on a specific antigen Y. HDX-MS relies on the accurate measurement and comparison of the degree of deuterium incorporation by an antigen when incubated in D20 on its own and in presence of its antibody at various time intervals. Deuterium is exchanged with hydrogen on the amide backbone of the proteins in exposed areas whereas regions of the antigen bound to the antibody will be protected and will show less or no exchange after analysis by LC-MS/MS of proteolytic fragments., Crosslinking coupled mass spectrometry begins by binding the antibody and the antigen with a mass labeled chemical crosslinker. Next the presence of the complex is confirmed using high mass MALDI detection. Because after crosslinking chemistry the Ab/Ag complex is extremely stable, many various enzymes and digestion conditions can be applied to the complex to provide many different overlapping peptides. Identification of these peptides is performed using high resolution mass spectrometry and MS/MS techniques. Identification of the crosslinked peptides is determined using mass tag linked to the cross-linking reagents. After MS/MS fragmentation and data analysis, both epitope and paratope are determined in the same experiment.
  • The scope of the present invention also includes isolated anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof (e.g., humanized antibodies), comprising a variant of an immunoglobulin chain set forth herein, wherein the variant exhibits one or more of the following properties:
      • binds human SIRPαV1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 with an EC50<1 nM; and exhibits at least a 100-fold higher EC50 for SIRPαV1(P74A) having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62; and optionally also at least a 100-fold higher EC50 for human SIRPβ1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38 (in each case wherein the reduced EC50 is relative to the EC50 for human SIRPαV1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, and in each case preferably when measured by cellular ELISA (CELISA) as described hereinafter;
      • binds to a cell expressing human SIRPαV1 protein with an EC50<10 nM, preferably <5 nM, more preferably <1.5 nM, still more preferably <1.0 nM, even more preferably <0.5 nM, and most preferably about 0.3nM or less;
      • binds to a cell expressing human SIRPαV2 protein with an EC50<10 nM, preferably <5 nM, more preferably <1.5 nM, still more preferably <1.0 nM, even more preferably <0.5 nM, and most preferably about 0.3nM or less;
      • does not appreciably bind to SIRPβ1 protein at an antibody concentration of 50 nM, preferably 67 nM, and more preferably 100 nM; or alternatively at a concentration that is 10-fold greater, preferably 50-fold greater, more preferably 100-fold greater, and still more preferably 200-fold greater than the antibody's EC50 for SIRPαV1 or SIRPαV2;
      • inhibits binding between human SIRPα and CD47 with an IC50<10.0 nM, more preferably <5.0 nM, still more preferably <2.5 nM, and most preferably about 1.0 nM or less; and
      • exhibits a T20 “humanness” of at least 79, and more preferably 85%.
  • In other embodiments, the invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragment thereof that bind human SIRPα (e.g., humanized antibodies) and have VH domains and VL domains with at least 90% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32. In other embodiments, the invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragment thereof that bind human SIRPα (e.g., humanized antibodies) and have VH domains and VL domains with at least 95% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32. In other embodiments, the invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragment thereof that bind human SIRPα (e.g., humanized antibodies) and have VH domains and VL domains with at least 97% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32. In other embodiments, the invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragment thereof that bind human SIRPα (e.g., humanized antibodies) and have VH domains and VL domains with at least 98% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32. In other embodiments, the invention provides antibodies or antigen-binding fragment thereof that bind human SIRPα (e.g., humanized antibodies) and have VH domains and VL domains with at least 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32. Preferably, in each case, the sequence differences between SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32 and the variants consist of conservative substitutions and are most preferably limited to substitutions within the framework residues.
  • The following references relate to BLAST algorithms often used for sequence analysis: BLAST ALGORITHMS: Camacho, C. et al. (2009): BMC Bioinformatics 10:421; Altschul et al. (2005) FEBS J. 272(20): 5101-5109; Altschul, S. F., et al., (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410; Gish, W., et al., (1993) Nature Genet. 3:266-272; Madden, T. L., et al., (1996) Meth. Enzymol. 266:131-141; Altschul, S. F., et al., (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402; Zhang, J., et al., (1997) Genome Res. 7:649-656; Wootton, J. C., et al., (1993) Comput. Chem. 17:149-163; Hancock, J. M. et al., (1994) Comput. Appl. Biosci. 10:67-70; ALIGNMENT SCORING SYSTEMS: Dayhoff, M. O., et al., “A model of evolutionary change in proteins.” in Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, (1978) vol. 5, suppl. 3. M. O. Dayhoff (ed.), pp. 345-352, Natl. Biomed. Res. Found., Washington, D.C.; Schwartz, R. M., et al., “Matrices for detecting distant relationships.” in Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, (1978) vol. 5, suppl. 3.” M. O. Dayhoff (ed.), pp. 353-358, Natl. Biomed. Res. Found., Washington, D.C.; Altschul, S. F., (1991) J. Mol. Biol. 219:555-565; States, D. J., et al., (1991) Methods 3:66-70; Henikoff, S., et al., (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:10915-10919; Altschul, S. F., et al., (1993) J. Mol. Evol. 36:290-300; ALIGNMENT STATISTICS: Karlin, S., et al., (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:2264-2268; Karlin, S., et al., (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5873-5877; Dembo, A., et al., (1994) Ann. Prob. 22:2022-2039; and Altschul, S. F. “Evaluating the statistical significance of multiple distinct local alignments.” in Theoretical and Computational Methods in Genome Research (S. Suhai, ed.), (1997) pp. 1-14, Plenum, New York. In the present application, percent identity comparisons are preferably performed by a BLAST algorithm wherein the parameters of the algorithm are selected to give the largest match between the respective sequences over the entire length of the respective reference sequences (e.g. expect threshold: 10; word size: 6; max matches in a query range: 0; BLOSUM 62 matrix; gap costs: existence 11, extension 1; conditional compositional score matrix adjustment).
  • “Conservatively modified variants” or “conservative substitution” refers to substitutions of amino acids in a protein with other amino acids having similar characteristics (e.g. charge, side-chain size, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, backbone conformation and rigidity, etc.), such that the changes can frequently be made without altering the biological activity of the protein. Those of skill in this art recognize that, in general, single amino acid substitutions in non-essential regions of a polypeptide do not substantially alter biological activity (see, e.g., Watson et al. (1987) Molecular Biology of the Gene, The Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., p. 224 (4th Ed.)). In addition, substitutions of structurally or functionally similar amino acids are less likely to disrupt biological activity. Exemplary conservative substitutions are set forth the following Table 1.
  • TABLE 1
    Exemplary Conservative Amino Acid Substitutions
    Original residue Conservative substitution
    Ala (A) Gly; Ser
    Arg (R) Lys; His
    Asn (N) Gln; His
    Asp (D) Glu; Asn
    Cys (C) Ser; Ala
    Gln (Q) Asn
    Glu (E) Asp; Gln
    Gly (G) Ala
    His (H) Asn; Gln
    Ile (I) Leu; Val
    Leu (L) Ile; Val
    Lys (K) Arg; His
    Met (M) Leu; Ile; Tyr
    Phe (F) Tyr; Met; Leu
    Pro (P) Ala
    Ser (S) Thr
    Thr (T) Ser
    Trp (W) Tyr; Phe
    Tyr (Y) Trp; Phe
    Val (V) Ile; Leu
  • Function-conservative variants of the antibodies of the invention are also contemplated by the present invention. “Function-conservative variants,” as used herein, refers to antibodies or fragments in which one or more amino acid residues have been changed without altering a desired property, such an antigen affinity and/or specificity. Such variants include, but are not limited to, replacement of an amino acid with one having similar properties, such as the conservative amino acid substitutions of Table 1. Also provided are isolated polypeptides comprising the VL domains of the anti-SIRPα antibodies of the invention (e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32), and isolated polypeptides comprising the VH domains of the anti-SIRPα antibodies of the invention (e.g., SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30) having up to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more amino acid substitutions, and preferably conservative substitutions.
  • The present invention further comprises the polynucleotides encoding any of the polypeptides or immunoglobulin chains of anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention. For example, the present invention includes the polynucleotides encoding the amino acids described in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 102, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 30; and SEQ ID NOs: 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32.
  • In one embodiment, an isolated polynucleotide, for example DNA, encoding the polypeptide chains of the isolated antibodies or antigen-binding fragments set forth herein is provided. In one embodiment, the isolated polynucleotide encodes an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising at least one mature immunoglobulin light chain variable (VL) domain according to the invention and/or at least one mature immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (VH) domain according to the invention. In some embodiments, the isolated polynucleotide encodes both a light chain and a heavy chain on a single polynucleotide molecule, and in other embodiments the light and heavy chains are encoded on separate polynucleotide molecules. In another embodiment, the polynucleotides further encodes a signal sequence.
  • This present invention also provides vectors, e.g., expression vectors, such as plasmids, comprising the isolated polynucleotides of the invention, wherein the polynucleotide is operably linked to control sequences that are recognized by a host cell when the host cell is transfected with the vector. Also provided are host cells comprising a vector of the present invention and methods for producing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or polypeptide disclosed herein comprising culturing a host cell harboring an expression vector or a nucleic acid encoding the immunoglobulin chains of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof in culture medium, and isolating the antigen or antigen-binding fragment thereof from the host cell or culture medium.
    • Binding Affinity
  • By way of example, and not limitation, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may bind human SIRPα bivalently with a KD value of 10×10−9M or lower) as determined by surface plasmon resonance (e.g., BIACORE) or a similar technique (e.g. KinExa or bio-layer interferometry (OCTET)). In one embodiment, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may bind human SIRPα or bivalently with a KD value of about 5-10×10−9 M as determined by surface plasmon resonance (e.g., BIACORE) or a similar technique (e.g. KinExa or OCTET). Affinity is calculated as KD=koff/kon (koff is the dissociation rate constant, Kon is the association rate constant and KD is the equilibrium constant). Affinity can be determined at equilibrium by measuring the fraction bound (r) of labeled ligand at various concentrations (c). The data are graphed using the Scatchard equation: r/c=K(n−r): where r=moles of bound ligand/mole of receptor at equilibrium; c=free ligand concentration at equilibrium; K=equilibrium association constant; and n=number of ligand binding sites per receptor molecule. By graphical analysis, r/c is plotted on the Y-axis versus r on the X-axis, thus producing a Scatchard plot. Antibody affinity measurement by Scatchard analysis is well known in the art. See, e.g., van Erp et al., J. Immunoassay 12: 425-43, 1991; Nelson and Griswold, Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 27: 65-8, 1988.
    • Humanness
  • For purposes of this document, “humanness” is measured using the T20 score analyzer to quantify the humanness of the variable region of monoclonal antibodies as described in Gao S H, Huang K, Tu H, Adler A S. Monoclonal antibody humanness score and its applications. BMC Biotechnology. 2013: 13:55. doi:10.1186/1472-6750-13-55).
  • A web-based tool is provided to calculate the T20 score of antibody sequences using the T20 Cutoff Human Databases: http://abAnalyzer.lakepharma.com. In computing a T20 score, an input VH, VK, or VL variable region protein sequence is first assigned Kabat numbering, and CDR residues are identified. The full-length sequence or the framework only sequence (with CDR residues removed) is compared to every sequence in a respective antibody database using the blastp protein-protein BLAST algorithm. The sequence identity between each pairwise comparison is isolated, and after every sequence in the database has been analyzed, the sequences are sorted from high to low based on the sequence identity to the input sequence. The percent identity of the Top 20 matched sequences is averaged to obtain the T20 score.
  • For each chain type (VH, VK, VL) and sequence length (full-length or framework only) in the “All Human Databases,” each antibody sequence was scored with its respective database using the T20 score analyzer. The T20 score was obtained for the top 20 matched sequences after the input sequence itself was excluded (the percent identity of sequences 2 through 21 were averaged since sequence 1 was always the input antibody itself). The T20 scores for each group were sorted from high to low. The decrease in score was roughly linear for most of the sequences; however the T20 scores for the bottom ˜15% of antibodies started decreasing sharply. Therefore, the bottom 15 percent of sequences were removed and the remaining sequences formed the T20 Cutoff Human Databases, where the T20 score cutoff indicates the lowest T20 score of a sequence in the new database.
  • As used herein, a “Human” antibody is one that has a T20 humanness score of at least 79%, and more preferably at least 85%.
    • Ability of Anti-hSIRPα Antibodies to Block Binding to CD47
  • In some embodiments, the anti-SIRPα antibodies or antigen binding fragments of the invention are able to block binding of human SIRPα to human CD47. The ability to block binding of human SIRPα to human CD47 can be determined using any method known in the art. In one embodiment, the ability of the antibodies to block binding of human SIRPα to human CD47 is determined using an ELISA assay.
    • Methods of Making Antibodies and Antigen-binding Fragments Thereof
  • Thus, the present invention includes methods for making an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention comprising culturing a hybridoma cell that expresses the antibody or fragment under condition favorable to such expression and, optionally, isolating the antibody or fragment from the hybridoma and/or the growth medium (e.g. cell culture medium).
  • The anti-SIRPα antibodies disclosed herein may also be produced recombinantly (e.g., in an E. coli/T7 expression system, a mammalian cell expression system or a lower eukaryote expression system). In this embodiment, nucleic acids encoding the antibody immunoglobulin molecules of the invention (e.g., VH or VL) may be inserted into a pET-based plasmid and expressed in the E. coli/T7 system. For example, the present invention includes methods for expressing an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof or immunoglobulin chain thereof in a host cell (e.g., bacterial host cell such as E. coli such as BL21 or BL21DE3) comprising expressing T7 RNA polymerase in the cell which also includes a polynucleotide encoding an immunoglobulin chain that is operably linked to a T7 promoter. For example, in an embodiment of the invention, a bacterial host cell, such as a E. coli, includes a polynucleotide encoding the T7 RNA polymerase gene operably linked to a lac promoter and expression of the polymerase and the chain is induced by incubation of the host cell with IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyrano side).
  • There are several methods by which to produce recombinant antibodies which are known in the art. One example of a method for recombinant production of antibodies is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567.
  • Transformation can be by any known method for introducing polynucleotides into a host cell. Methods for introduction of heterologous polynucleotides into mammalian cells are well known in the art and include dextran-mediated transfection, calcium phosphate precipitation, polybrene-mediated transfection, protoplast fusion, electroporation, encapsulation of the polynucleotide(s) in liposomes, biolistic injection and direct microinjection of the DNA into nuclei. In addition, nucleic acid molecules may be introduced into mammalian cells by viral vectors. Methods of transforming cells are well known in the art. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,399,216; 4,912,040; 4,740,461 and 4,959,455.
  • Thus, the present invention includes recombinant methods for making an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention, or an immunoglobulin chain thereof, comprising introducing a polynucleotide encoding one or more immunoglobulin chains of the antibody or fragment (e.g., heavy and/or light immunoglobulin chain); culturing the host cell (e.g., CHO or Pichia or Pichia pastoris) under condition favorable to such expression and, optionally, isolating the antibody or fragment or chain from the host cell and/or medium in which the host cell is grown.
  • Anti-SIRPα antibodies can also be synthesized by any of the methods set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,331,415.
  • Eukaryotic and prokaryotic host cells, including mammalian cells as hosts for expression of the antibodies or fragments or immunoglobulin chains disclosed herein are well known in the art and include many immortalized cell lines available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). These include, inter alia, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, NSO, SP2 cells, HeLa cells, baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, monkey kidney cells (COS), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (e.g., Hep G2), A549 cells, 3T3 cells, HEK-293 cells and a number of other cell lines. Mammalian host cells include human, mouse, rat, dog, monkey, pig, goat, bovine, horse and hamster cells. Cell lines of particular preference are selected through determining which cell lines have high expression levels. Other cell lines that may be used are insect cell lines, such as Sf9 cells, amphibian cells, bacterial cells, plant cells and fungal cells. Fungal cells include yeast and filamentous fungus cells including, for example, Pichia pastoris, Pichia finlandica, Pichia trehalophila, Pichia koclamae, Pichia membranaefaciens, Pichia minuta (Ogataea minuta, Pichia lindneri), Pichia opuntiae, Pichia thermotolerans, Pichia salictaria, Pichia guercuum, Pichia pijperi, Pichia stiptis, Pichia methanolica, Pichia sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces sp., Hansenula polymorpha, Kluyveromyces sp., Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, Chrysosporium lucknowense, Fusarium sp., Fusarium gramineum, Fusarium venenatum, Physcomitrella patens and Neurospora crassa. Pichia sp., any Saccharomyces sp., Hansenula polymorpha, any Kluyveromyces sp., Candida albicans, any Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma reesei, Chrysosporium lucknowense, any Fusarium sp., Yarrowia lipolytica, and Neurospora crassa. When recombinant expression vectors encoding the heavy chain or antigen-binding portion or fragment thereof, and/or the light chain or antigen-binding fragment thereof are introduced into mammalian host cells, the antibodies are produced by culturing the host cells for a period of time sufficient to allow for expression of the antibody or fragment or chain in the host cells or secretion into the culture medium in which the host cells are grown.
  • Antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof and immunoglobulin chains can be recovered from the culture medium using standard protein purification methods. Further, expression of antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof and immunoglobulin chains of the invention (or other moieties therefrom) from production cell lines can be enhanced using a number of known techniques. For example, the glutamine synthetase gene expression system (the GS system) is a common approach for enhancing expression under certain conditions. The GS system is discussed in whole or part in connection with European Patent Nos. 0216846, 0256055, and 0323997 and 0338841. Thus, in an embodiment of the invention, the mammalian host cells (e.g., CHO) lack a glutamine synthetase gene and are grown in the absence of glutamine in the medium wherein, however, the polynucleotide encoding the immunoglobulin chain comprises a glutamine synthetase gene which complements the lack of the gene in the host cell.
  • The present invention includes methods for purifying an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention comprising introducing a sample comprising the antibody or fragment to a purification medium (e.g., cation exchange medium, anion exchange medium, hydrophobic exchange medium, affinity purification medium (e.g., protein-A, protein-G, protein-A/G, protein-L)) and either collecting purified antibody or fragment from the flow-through fraction of said sample that does not bind to the medium; or, discarding the flow-through fraction and eluting bound antibody or fragment from the medium and collecting the eluate. In an embodiment of the invention, the medium is in a column to which the sample is applied. In an embodiment of the invention, the purification method is conducted following recombinant expression of the antibody or fragment in a host cell, e.g., wherein the host cell is first lysed and, optionally, the lysate is purified of insoluble materials prior to purification on a medium.
  • In general, glycoproteins produced in a particular cell line or transgenic animal will have a glycosylation pattern that is characteristic for glycoproteins produced in the cell line or transgenic animal. Therefore, the particular glycosylation pattern of an antibody will depend on the particular cell line or transgenic animal used to produce the antibody. However, all antibodies encoded by the nucleic acid molecules provided herein, or comprising the amino acid sequences provided herein, comprise the instant invention, independent of the glycosylation pattern the antibodies may have. Similarly, in particular embodiments, antibodies with a glycosylation pattern comprising only non-fucosylated N-glycans may be advantageous, because these antibodies have been shown to typically exhibit more potent efficacy than their fucosylated counterparts both in vitro and in vivo (See for example, Shinkawa et al., J. Biol. Chem. 278: 3466-3473 (2003); U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,946,292 and 7,214,775). These antibodies with non-fucosylated N-glycans are not likely to be immunogenic because their carbohydrate structures are a normal component of the population that exists in human serum IgG.
  • The present invention includes bispecific and bifunctional antibodies and antigen-binding fragments having a binding specificity for SIRPα and another antigen such as, for example, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD24, CD25, CD30, CD33, CD38, CD44, CD52, CD56, CD70, CD96, CD97, CD99, CD117, CD123, c-Met, CEA, EGFR, EpCAM, HER2, HERS, PSMA, PTHR2, mesothelin, PD-1, PD-L1, TIM3, and methods of use thereof. A bispecific or bifunctional antibody is an artificial hybrid antibody having two different heavy/light chain pairs and two different binding sites. Bispecific antibodies can be produced by a variety of methods including fusion of hybridomas or linking of Fab′ fragments. See, e.g., Songsivilai, et al., (1990) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 79: 315-321, Kostelny, et al., (1992) J Immunol. 148:1547-1553. In addition, bispecific antibodies may be formed as “diabodies” (Holliger, et al., (1993) PNAS USA 90:6444-6448) or as “Janusins” (Traunecker, et al., (1991) EMBO J. 10:3655-3659 and Traunecker, et al., (1992) Int. J. Cancer Suppl. 7:51-52). Included are “Duobodies,” which are bispecific antibodies with normal IgG structures (Labrijn et al., 2013, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110 (13): 5145-5150).
  • The present invention further includes anti-SIRPα antigen-binding fragments of the anti-SIRPα antibodies disclosed herein. The antibody fragments include F(ab)2 fragments, which may be produced by enzymatic cleavage of an IgG by, for example, pepsin. Fab fragments may be produced by, for example, reduction of F(ab)2 with dithiothreitol or mercaptoethylamine.
  • Immunoglobulins may be assigned to different classes depending on the amino acid sequences of the constant domain of their heavy chains. In some embodiments, different constant domains may be appended to humanized VL and VH regions derived from the CDRs provided herein. There are at least five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM, and several of these may be further divided into subclasses (isotypes), e.g. IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4; IgA1 and IgA2. The invention comprises antibodies and antigen-binding fragments of any of these classes or subclasses of antibodies.
  • In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain constant region, e.g. a human constant region, such as γ1, γ2, γ3, or γ4 human heavy chain constant region or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a light chain constant region, e.g. a human light chain constant region, such as lambda or kappa human light chain region or variant thereof. By way of example, and not limitation the human heavy chain constant region can be γ4 and the human light chain constant region can be kappa. In an alternative embodiment, the Fc region of the antibody is γ4 with a Ser228Pro mutation (Schuurman, J et. al., Mol. Immunol. 38: 1-8, 2001).
  • In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain constant region of the IgG1 subtype. In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain constant region of the IgG2 subtype. In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain constant region of the IgG4 subtype.
    • Antibody Engineering
  • Further included are embodiments in which the anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are engineered antibodies to include modifications to framework residues within the variable domains the antibody, e.g. to improve the properties of the antibody or fragment. Typically, such framework modifications are made to decrease the immunogenicity of the antibody or fragment. This is usually accomplished by replacing non-CDR residues in the variable domains (i.e. framework residues) in a parental (e.g. rodent) antibody or fragment with analogous residues from the immune repertoire of the species in which the antibody is to be used, e.g. human residues in the case of human therapeutics. Such an antibody or fragment is referred to as a “humanized” antibody or fragment. In some cases, it is desirable to increase the affinity, or alter the specificity of an engineered (e.g. humanized) antibody. One approach is to mutate one or more framework residues to the corresponding germline sequence. More specifically, an antibody or fragment that has undergone somatic mutation can contain framework residues that differ from the germline sequence from which the antibody is derived. Such residues can be identified by comparing the antibody or fragment framework sequences to the germline sequences from which the antibody or fragment is derived. Another approach is to revert to the original parental (e.g., rodent) residue at one or more positions of the engineered (e.g. humanized) antibody, e.g. to restore binding affinity that may have been lost in the process of replacing the framework residues. (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,693,762, 5,585,089 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,530,101).
  • In certain embodiments, the anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are engineered (e.g. humanized) to include modifications in the framework and/or CDRs to improve their properties. Such engineered changes can be based on molecular modelling. A molecular model for the variable region for the parental (non-human) antibody sequence can be constructed to understand the structural features of the antibody and used to identify potential regions on the antibody that can interact with the antigen. Conventional CDRs are based on alignment of immunoglobulin sequences and identifying variable regions. Kabat et al., (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Kabat, et al.; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 5th ed.; NIH Publ. No. 91-3242; Kabat (1978) Adv. Prot. Chem. 32:1-75; Kabat, et al., (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252:6609-6616. Chothia and coworkers carefully examined conformations of the loops in crystal structures of antibodies and proposed hypervariable loops. Chothia, et al., (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 196:901-917 or Chothia, et al., (1989) Nature 342:878-883. There are variations between regions classified as “CDRs” and “hypervariable loops”. Later studies (Raghunathan et al, (2012) J. Mol Recog. 25, 3, 103-113) analyzed several antibody—antigen crystal complexes and observed that the antigen binding regions in antibodies do not necessarily conform strictly to the “CDR” residues or “hypervariable” loops. The molecular model for the variable region of the non-human antibody can be used to guide the selection of regions that can potentially bind to the antigen. In practice the potential antigen binding regions based on the model differ from the conventional “CDR”s or “hypervariable” loops. Commercial scientific software such as Discovery Studio (BIOVIA, Dassault Systems)) can be used for molecular modeling. Human frameworks can be selected based on best matches with the non-human sequence both in the frameworks and in the CDRs. For FR4 (framework 4) in VH, VJ regions for the human germlines are compared with the corresponding non-human region. In the case of FR4 (framework 4) in VL, J-kappa and J-Lambda regions of human germline sequences are compared with the corresponding non-human region. Once suitable human frameworks are identified, the CDRs are grafted into the selected human frameworks. In some cases, certain residues in the VL-VH interface can be retained as in the non-human (parental) sequence. Molecular models can also be used for identifying residues that can potentially alter the CDR conformations and hence binding to antigen. In some cases, these residues are retained as in the non-human (parental) sequence. Molecular models can also be used to identify solvent exposed amino acids that can result in unwanted effects such as glycosylation, deamidation and oxidation. Developability filters can be introduced early on in the design stage to eliminate/minimize these potential problems.
  • Another type of framework modification involves mutating one or more residues within the framework region, or even within one or more CDR regions, to remove T cell epitopes to thereby reduce the potential immunogenicity of the antibody. This approach is also referred to as “deimmunization” and is described in further detail in U.S. Pat. No. 7,125,689.
  • In particular embodiments, it will be desirable to change certain amino acids containing exposed side-chains to another amino acid residue in order to provide for greater chemical stability of the final antibody, so as to avoid deamidation or isomerization. The deamidation of asparagine may occur on NG, DG, NG, NS, NA, NT, QG or QS sequences and result in the creation of an isoaspartic acid residue that introduces a kink into the polypeptide chain and decreases its stability (isoaspartic acid effect). Isomerization can occur at DG, DS, DA or DT sequences. In certain embodiments, the antibodies of the present disclosure do not contain deamidation or asparagine isomerism sites.
  • For example, an asparagine (Asn) residue may be changed to Gln or Ala to reduce the potential for formation of isoaspartate at any Asn-Gly sequences, particularly within a CDR. A similar problem may occur at a Asp-Gly sequence. Reissner and Aswad (2003) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 60:1281. Isoaspartate formation may debilitate or completely abrogate binding of an antibody to its target antigen. See, Presta (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116:731 at 734. In one embodiment, the asparagine is changed to glutamine (Gln). It may also be desirable to alter an amino acid adjacent to an asparagine (Asn) or glutamine (Gln) residue to reduce the likelihood of deamidation, which occurs at greater rates when small amino acids occur adjacent to asparagine or glutamine. See, Bischoff & Kolbe (1994) J. Chromatog. 662:261. In addition, any methionine residues (typically solvent exposed Met) in CDRs may be changed to Lys, Leu, Ala, or Phe or other amino acids in order to reduce the possibility that the methionine sulfur would oxidize, which could reduce antigen-binding affinity and also contribute to molecular heterogeneity in the final antibody preparation. Id. Additionally, in order to prevent or minimize potential scissile Asn-Pro peptide bonds, it may be desirable to alter any Asn-Pro combinations found in a CDR to Gln-Pro, Ala-Pro, or Asn-Ala. Antibodies with such substitutions are subsequently screened to ensure that the substitutions do not decrease the affinity or specificity of the antibody for SIRPα, or other desired biological activity to unacceptable levels.
  • TABLE 2
    Exemplary stabilizing CDR variants
    CDR Residue Stabilizing Variant Sequence
    Asn-Gly Gln-Gly, Ala-Gly, or Asn-Ala
    (N-G) (Q-G), (A-G), or (N-A)
    Asp-Gly Glu-Gly, Ala-Gly or Asp-Ala
    (D-G) (E-G), (A-G), or (D-A)
    Met Lys, Leu, Ala, or Phe
    (M) (K), (L), (A), or (F)
    Asn Gln or Ala
    (N) (Q) or (A)
    Asn-Pro Gln-Pro, Ala-Pro, or Asn-Ala
    (N-P) (Q-P), (A-P), or (N-A)
  • Another type of framework modification involves mutating one or more residues within the framework regions to prevent aggregation. The risk of an antibody to aggregate can be assessed using the spatial aggregation propensity—See, Chennamsetty, N et al (2010) J. Phys. Chem. 114, 6614-6624. The method requires the calculation of the Solvent Accessible Area (SAA) for each atom. The molecular aggregation score is then calculated as the sum of all atomic scores. For a given radius and size of molecule, this is an approximate indication of its overall tendency to aggregate. Residues with a high aggregation score are replaced by residues with a lower score (e.g. more hydrophilic amino acids).
    • Antibody Engineering of the Fc region
  • The antibodies (e.g., humanized antibodies) and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein can also be engineered to include modifications within the Fc region, typically to alter one or more properties of the antibody, such as serum half-life, complement fixation, Fc receptor binding, and/or effector function (e.g., antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity). Furthermore, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein can be chemically modified (e.g., one or more chemical moieties can be attached to the antibody) or be modified to alter its glycosylation, again to alter one or more properties of the antibody or fragment. Each of these embodiments is described in further detail below. The numbering of residues in the Fc region is that of the EU index of Kabat.
  • The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein also include antibodies and fragments with modified (or blocked) Fc regions to provide altered effector functions. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,624,821; WO2003/086310; WO2005/120571; WO2006/0057702. Such modifications can be used to enhance or suppress various reactions of the immune system, with possible beneficial effects in diagnosis and therapy. Alterations of the Fc region include amino acid changes (substitutions, deletions and insertions), glycosylation or deglycosylation, and adding multiple Fc regions. Changes to the Fc can also alter the half-life of antibodies in therapeutic antibodies, enabling less frequent dosing and thus increased convenience and decreased use of material. See Presta (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116:731 at 734-35.
  • In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention is an IgG4 isotype antibody or fragment comprising a Serine to Proline mutation at a position corresponding to position 228 (S228P; EU index; SEQ ID NO: 66) in the hinge region of the heavy chain constant region. This mutation has been reported to abolish the heterogeneity of inter-heavy chain disulfide bridges in the hinge region (Angal et al (1993). Mol. Immunol. 30:105-108; position 241 is based on the Kabat numbering system).
  • In one embodiment of the invention, the hinge region of CH1 is modified such that the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region is increased or decreased. This approach is described further in U.S. Pat. No. 5,677,425. The number of cysteine residues in the hinge region of CH1 is altered, for example, to facilitate assembly of the light and heavy chains or to increase or decrease the stability of the antibody.
  • In another embodiment, the Fc hinge region of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention is mutated to decrease the biological half-life of the antibody or fragment. More specifically, one or more amino acid mutations are introduced into the CH2-CH3 domain interface region of the Fc-hinge fragment such that the antibody or fragment has impaired Staphylococcyl protein A (SpA) binding relative to native Fc-hinge domain SpA binding. This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,165,745.
  • In another embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention is modified to increase its biological half-life. Various approaches are possible. For example, one or more of the following mutations can be introduced: T252L, T254S, T256F, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,277,375. Alternatively, to increase the biological half-life, the antibody can be altered within the CH1 or CL region to contain a salvage receptor binding epitope taken from two loops of a CH2 domain of an Fc region of an IgG, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,869,046 and 6,121,022.
  • In yet other embodiments, the Fc region is altered by replacing at least one amino acid residue with a different amino acid residue to alter the effector function(s) of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment. For example, one or more amino acids selected from amino acid residues 234, 235, 236, 237, 297, 318, 320 and 322 can be replaced with a different amino acid residue such that the antibody has an altered affinity for an effector ligand and retains the antigen-binding ability of the parent antibody. The effector ligand to which affinity is altered can be, for example, an Fc receptor or the Cl component of complement. This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,624,821 and 5,648,260.
  • In another example, one or more amino acids selected from amino acid residues 329, 331 and 322 can be replaced with a different amino acid residue such that the antibody has altered C1q binding and/or reduced or abolished complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,194,551.
  • In another example, one or more amino acid residues within amino acid positions 231 and 239 are altered to thereby alter the ability of the antibody to fix complement. This approach is described further in PCT Publication WO 94/29351.
  • The proteins of the invention, which are preferably antibodies and most preferably IgG antibodies or fragments thereof, may have altered (e.g., relative to an unmodified antibody) FcγR binding properties (examples of binding properties include but are not limited to, binding specificity, equilibrium dissociation constant (KD), dissociation and association rates (koff and kon respectively), binding affinity and/or avidity) and that certain alterations are more or less desirable. It is known in the art that the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) is defined as koff/kon, and Ka is the reciprocal of KD.
  • The affinities and binding properties of an Fc region for its ligand, may be determined by a variety of in vitro assay methods (biochemical or immunological based assays) known in the art for determining Fc-FcγR interactions, i.e., specific binding of an Fc region to an FcγR including but not limited to, equilibrium methods (e.g., enzyme-linked immuno absorbent assay (ELISA) or radioimmunoassay (RIA)), or kinetics (e.g. BIACORE®, Octet®, or KinExa® analysis), and other methods such as indirect binding assays, competitive inhibition assays, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), gel electrophoresis and chromatography (e.g., gel filtration). These and other methods may utilize a label on one or more of the components being examined and/or employ a variety of detection methods including but not limited to chromogenic, fluorescent, luminescent, or isotopic labels.
  • In certain embodiments, the proteins of the present invention bind to one or more human FcγRs selected from the group consisting of FcγRI, FcγRIIB, FcγRIIC, FcγRIIIA-F158, and FcγRIIIA-V158 with an affinity at least 10-fold, preferably at least 30-fold, and more preferably at least 100-fold, less than equivalent protein having a wild-type human IgG1 heavy chain constant domain (SEQ ID NO: 119) Fc region or a wild-type human IgG4 heavy chain constant domain (SEQ ID NO: 66) Fc region.
  • In various embodiments, the proteins of the invention comprise an immunoglobulin Fc region comprising an immunoglobulin C2 region and an immunoglobulin C3 region and an immunoglobulin hinge region. By way of example, the immunoglobulin Fc region may be an IgG Fc region, an IgE Fc region, or an IgA Fc region. In certain preferred embodiments, the protein comprises two immunoglobulin Fc regions, each immunoglobulin Fc region comprising an immunoglobulin C2 region and an immunoglobulin C3 region and an immunoglobulin hinge region, wherein the hinge region of one of the immunoglobulin Fc regions is bound to the hinge region of the other immunoglobulin Fc region to form a dimeric Fc structure. Most preferably, such a protein is a human or humanized IgG protein.
  • In certain embodiments, the proteins of the invention comprise a mutated IgG4 Fc region, and preferably the protein is an IgG comprising two mutated IgG4 Fc regions to form a dimeric Fc structure. By way of example, a mutated IgG4 Fc region may comprise one of the mutations, or mutational combinations, recited in Table 3. The numbering system of the constant region referred to in this table is that of the EU index as set forth in Kabat et al. (1991, NIH Publication 91-3242, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.). In the table, the first letter and number represent the unmodified amino acid and its position and the second letter represents the substituted amino acid at said position. For those entries that include combinations of more than one mutation, each mutation in the combination is separated by a “/”.
  • TABLE 3
    N297Q L235E N297Q/L235E
    F234A Q268A F234A/L235A/G237A/
    P238A
    F234A/L235A/ΔG236/ F234A/L235A/G237A/ F234A/L235A/ΔG236/
    G237A/P238A P238A/Q268A G237A/P238A/Q268A
    F234A/L235A L235E/P329G L235A/G237A/E318A
    F234A/L235A/G237A/ F234A/L235A/ΔG236/ F234A/L235A/G237A/
    P238S G237A/P238S P238S/Q268A
    F234A/L235A/ΔG236/
    G237A/P238S/Q268A
  • In certain embodiments, the proteins of the invention comprise a mutated IgG1 Fc region, and preferably the protein is an IgG comprising two mutated IgG1 Fc regions to form a dimeric Fc structure. By way of example, a mutated IgG1 Fc region may comprise one of the mutations recited in Table 4. The numbering system of the constant region referred to in this table is that of the EU index as set forth in Kabat et al. (1991, NIH Publication 91-3242, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA). In the table, the first letter and number represent the unmodified amino acid and its position and the second letter represents the substituted amino acid at said position.
  • TABLE 4
    K222Y P232K A231K
    E233N E233Q E233R
    E233S E233T E233H
    E233A E233V E233L
    E233F E233M E233Y
    E233W E233G L234D
    L234E L234N L234Q
    L234T L234H L234F
    L234K L234R L234S
    L234A L234M L234V
    L235E L235T L235F
    L235K L235R L235A
    L235M L235W L235N
    L235Q L235H L235V
    G236A G236N G236R
    G236H G236L G236F
    G236P G237A G237E
    G237N G237Q G237K
    G237R G237S G237T
    G237H G237L G237I
    G237F G237M G237Y
    G237P P238K P238N
    P238R P238S P238T
    P238Y P238G P238A
    S239A S239N S239F
    S239K S239R S239V
    S239W S239P S239H
    S239Y D249H V240A
    F241W F241L F243W
    F243L F243E P244H
    P245A P247V P247G
    V253I V263I V263T
    V263M V264D V264E
    V264K V264F V264M
    V264H V264W V264G
    V264Q V264A V264L
    D265A D265E D265Q
    D265S D265H D265V
    D265L D265F D265M
    D265Y D265N D265G
    V266T V266M V266A
    S267G S267H S267N
    S267P S267R S267T
    S267F S267W E269A
    E269K E269S E269V
    E269F E269I E269M
    E269W E269H E269T
    E269L E269N E269Y
    E269R E269P E269G
    D270A D270N D270E
    D270Q D270T D270H
    D270R D270S D270L
    D270I D270F D270W
    D270P D270G P271H
    P271Q P271K P271R
    P271S P271V P271F
    P271W D280L D280W
    D280P E293F E294A
    E293Y E294K E294R
    E294S E294V E294L
    E294F Q295A Q295W
    Q295P Q295G Y296E
    Y296Q Y296D Y296N
    Y296S Y296T Y296L
    Y296I Y296A Y296V
    Y296M N297S N297D
    N297Q N297A S298T
    S298N S298K S298R
    T299A T299H T299D
    T299E T299N T299Q
    T299K T299R T299I
    T299F T299M T299Y
    T299W T299S T299V
    T299P T299G Y300E
    Y300K Y300R Y300S
    Y300P Y300W V303A
    V303D W313F E318A
    E318V E318Q E318H
    E318L E318Y K320A
    K322A K322E N325A
    N325V N325H N325K
    N325Y N325W N325P
    N325G N325Q N325D
    N325E N325L N325I
    A327Q A327E A327N
    A327L A327I A327F
    A327W L328N L328F
    L328H L328R L328T
    L328V L328I L328P
    L328M L328E L328A
    P329A P329F P329D
    P329N P329Q P329K
    P329S P329T P329H
    P329V P329L P329M
    P329Y P329W P329G
    P329R A330L A330R
    A330P A330T A330V
    A330F A330H P331A
    P331S P331N P331E
    I332K I332N I332Q
    I332T I332H I332Y
    I332A I332R E333N
    E333R I336E I336Y
    S337H
  • In certain embodiments, a mutated IgG1 Fc region may comprise one of the mutational combinations recited in Table 5. The numbering system of the constant region referred to in this table is that of the EU index as set forth in Kabat et al. (1991, NIH Publication 91-3242, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.). In the table, the first letter and number represent the unmodified amino acid and its position and the second letter represents the substituted amino acid at said position. For each of the combinations of more than one mutation, each mutation in the combination is separated by a “/” and deletions are indicated by a “Δ”.
  • TABLE 5
    C220S/C226S/C229S/P238S C226S/C229S/E233P/L234V/ E233P/L234V/L235A
    L235A
    E233P/L234V/L235A/ΔG236 E233P/L234V/L235A/ΔG236/ L234A/L235A
    A327G/A330S/P331S
    L235A/G237A L235A/G237A/E318S/K320S/ L235A/G237A/P331A
    K322S
    L234F/L235E L234F/L235E/D265A L234F/L235E/D265A/
    N297Q/P331S
    L234F/L235E/N297Q L234F/L235E/P329G L234F/L235A/K322Q/
    M252Y/S254T/T256E
    L234F/L235Q/K322Q/M252Y/ L234F/L235Q/P331G/M252Y/ G236R/L328R
    S254T/T256E S254T/T256E
    S239D/D265I/N297D/I332E S239D/D265L/N297D/I332E S239D/D265F/N297D/
    I332E
    S239D/D265Y/N297D/I332E S239D/D265T/N297D/I332E S239D/N297D/A330Y/
    I332E
    S239D/F241S/F243H/V262T/ V264E/N297D/I332E D265A/P331S
    V264T/N297D/K326E/I332E
    D265A/N297Q N297D/D265Y/T299L/I332E N297D/D265Y/I332E
    N297D/I332E/Y296D N297D/I332E N297D/I332E/Y296E
    N297D/I332E/Y296N N297D/I332E/Y296Q N297D/I332E/Y296H
    N297D/I332E/Y296T N297D/I332E/T299V N297D/I332E/T299I
    N297D/I332E/T299L N297D/I332E/T299F N297D/I332E/T299H
    N297D/I332E/T299E N297D/1332E/A330Y N297D/I332E/S298A/
    A330Y
    N297E/D265F/I332E N297E/I332E F241E/F243R/V262E/
    V264R
    F241E/F243Q/V262T/V264E F241L/F243L/V262I/V264I F241W/F243W
    F241W/F243W/V262A/V264A F241L/V262I F243L/V262I/V264W
    F241Y/F243Y/V262T/V264T F241E/F243R/V262E/V264R F241E/F243Q/V262T/V264E
    F241R/F243Q/V262T/V264R F241E/F243Y/V262T/V264R P244H/P245A/P247V
    F241E/F243R/V262E/V264R/ F241E/F243Y/V262T/V264R F241E/F243Y/V262T/
    I332E V264R/I332E
    S239E/D265G S239E/D265N S239E/D265Q
    M252Y/S254T/T256E S267Q/A327S S267L/A327S
    N297S/I332E S239N/I332N S239N/I332Q
    S239Q/I332N S239Q/I332Q S298N/Y300S
    S298N/T299A/Y300S N297Q/S298N/Y300S E318S/K320S/K322S
    E318S/K320S/K322S/P311A L328E/I332E L328N/I332E
    L234A/L235A/G237A/P238A/ L234A/L235A/G237A/P238S/ L234A/L235A/G237A/P238A/
    H268A/A330S/P331S H268A/A330S/P331S H268A/A330S/P331S
    L328Q/I332E L328H/I332E
  • In certain embodiments, the proteins of the invention comprise a wild type or mutated IgG2 Fc region, and preferably the protein is an IgG comprising two wild type or mutated IgG2 Fc regions to form a dimeric Fc structure. A mutated IgG2 Fc region may comprise one of the mutations, or mutational combinations, recited in Table 6. The numbering system of the constant region referred to in this table is that of the EU index as set forth in Kabat et al. (1991, NIH Publication 91-3242, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.). In the table, the first letter and number represent the unmodified amino acid and its position and the second letter represents the substituted amino acid at said position. For those entries that include combinations of more than one mutation, each mutation in the combination is separated by a “/”.
  • TABLE 6
    V234A G237A A235E/G237A
    V234A/A235E/G237A V234A/G237A V234A/G237A/P238S
    H268Q/V309L/A330S/P331S V234A/G237A/H268A/V309L/ V234A/G237A/H268Q/V309L/
    A330S/P331S A330S/P331S
    V234A/G237A/P238S/H268A/ P233S/V234A/G237A/P238S P233S/V234A/G237A/H268A/
    V309L/A330S/P331S V309L/A330S/P331S
    P233S/V234A/G237A/H268Q/ P233S/V234A/G237A/P238S/
    V309L/A330S/P331S H268A/V309L/A330S/P331S
    • Production of Antibodies with Modified Glycosylation
  • In still another embodiment, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments of the invention comprise a particular glycosylation pattern. For example, an afucosylated or an aglycosylated antibody or fragment can be made (i.e., the antibody lacks fucose or glycosylation, respectively). The glycosylation pattern of an antibody or fragment may be altered to, for example, increase the affinity or avidity of the antibody or fragment for a SIRPα antigen. Such modifications can be accomplished by, for example, altering one or more of the glycosylation sites within the antibody or fragment sequence. For example, one or more amino acid substitutions can be made that result in removal of one or more of the variable region framework glycosylation sites to thereby eliminate glycosylation at that site. Such deglycosylation may increase the affinity or avidity of the antibody or fragment for antigen. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,714,350 and 6,350,861.
  • Antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may further include those produced in lower eukaryote host cells, in particular fungal host cells such as yeast and filamentous fungi have been genetically engineered to produce glycoproteins that have mammalian- or human-like glycosylation patterns (See for example, Choi et al, (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100: 5022-5027; Hamilton et al., (2003) Science 301: 1244-1246; Hamilton et al., (2006) Science 313: 1441-1443; Nett et al., Yeast 28(3):237-52 (2011); Hamilton et al., Curr Opin Biotechnol. 18(5): 387-92 (2007)). A particular advantage of these genetically modified host cells over currently used mammalian cell lines is the ability to control the glycosylation profile of glycoproteins that are produced in the cells such that compositions of glycoproteins can be produced wherein a particular N-glycan structure predominates (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,029,872 and 7,449,308). These genetically modified host cells have been used to produce antibodies that have predominantly particular N-glycan structures (See for example, Li et al., (2006) Nat. Biotechnol. 24: 210-215).
  • In particular embodiments, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein further include those produced in lower eukaryotic host cells and which comprise fucosylated and non-fucosylated hybrid and complex N-glycans, including bisected and multiantennary species, including but not limited to N-glycans such as GlcNAc(1-4)Man3GlcNAc2; Gal(1-4)GlcNAc(1-4)Man3GlcNAc2; NANA(1-4)Gal(1-4)GlcNAc(1-4)Man3GlcNAc2.
  • In particular embodiments, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof provided herein may comprise antibodies or fragments having at least one hybrid N-glycan selected from the group consisting of GlcNAcMan5GlcNAc2; GalGlcNAcMan5GlcNAc2; and NANAGalGlcNAcMan5GlcNAc2. In particular aspects, the hybrid N-glycan is the predominant N-glycan species in the composition.
  • In particular embodiments, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof provided herein comprise antibodies and fragments having at least one complex N-glycan selected from the group consisting of GlcNAcMan3GlcNAc2; GalGlcNAcMan3GlcNAc2; NANAGalGlcNAcMan3GlcNAc2; GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; GalGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; NANAGal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; and NANA2Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2. In particular aspects, the complex N-glycan are the predominant N-glycan species in the composition. In further aspects, the complex N-glycan is a particular N-glycan species that comprises about 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% of the complex N-glycans in the composition. In one embodiment, the antibody and antigen binding fragments thereof provided herein comprise complex N-glycans, wherein at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% of the complex N-glycans comprise the structure NANA2Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2, wherein such structure is afucosylated. Such structures can be produced, e.g., in engineered Pichia pastoris host cells.
  • In particular embodiments, the N-glycan is fucosylated. In general, the fucose is in an α1,3-linkage with the GlcNAc at the reducing end of the N-glycan, an α1,6-linkage with the GlcNAc at the reducing end of the N-glycan, an α1,2-linkage with the Gal at the non-reducing end of the N-glycan, an α1,3-linkage with the GlcNac at the non-reducing end of the N-glycan, or an α1,4-linkage with a GlcNAc at the non-reducing end of the N-glycan.
  • Therefore, in particular aspects of the above the glycoprotein compositions, the glycoform is in an α1,3-linkage or α1,6-linkage fucose to produce a glycoform selected from the group consisting of Man5GlcNAc2(Fuc), GlcNAcMan5GlcNAc2(Fuc), Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc), GlcNAcMan3GlcNAc2(Fuc), GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc), GalGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc), Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc), NANAGal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc), and NANA2Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2(Fuc); in an α1,3-linkage or α1,4-linkage fucose to produce a glycoform selected from the group consisting of GlcNAc(Fuc)Man5GlcNAc2, GlcNAc(Fuc)Man3GlcNAc2, GlcNAc2(Fuc1-2)Man3GlcNAc2, GalGlcNAc2(Fuc1-2)Man3GlcNAc2, Gal2GlcNAc2(Fuc1-2)Man3GlcNAc2, NANAGal2GlcNAc2(Fuc1-2)Man3GlcNAc2, and NANA2Gal2GlcNAc2(Fuc1-2)Man3GlcNAc2; or in an a1,2-linkage fucose to produce a glycoform selected from the group consisting of Gal(Fuc)GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2, Gal2(Fuc1-2)GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2, NANAGal2(Fuc1-2)GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2, and NANA2Gal2(Fuc1-2)GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2.
  • In further aspects, the antibodies (e.g., humanized antibodies) or antigen-binding fragments thereof comprise high mannose N-glycans, including but not limited to, Man8GlcNAc2, Man7GlcNAc2, Man6GlcNAc2, Man5GlcNAc2, Man4GlcNAc2, or N-glycans that consist of the Man3GlcNAc2 N-glycan structure.
  • In further aspects of the above, the complex N-glycans further include fucosylated and non-fucosylated bisected and multiantennary species.
  • As used herein, the terms “N-glycan” and “glycoform” are used interchangeably and refer to an N-linked oligosaccharide, for example, one that is attached by an asparagine-N-acetylglucosamine linkage to an asparagine residue of a polypeptide. N-linked glycoproteins contain an N-acetylglucosamine residue linked to the amide nitrogen of an asparagine residue in the protein. The predominant sugars found on glycoproteins are glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid (e.g., N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA)). The processing of the sugar groups occurs co-translationally in the lumen of the ER and continues post-translationally in the Golgi apparatus for N-linked glycoproteins.
  • N-glycans have a common pentasaccharide core of Man3GlcNAc2 (“Man” refers to mannose; “Glc” refers to glucose; and “NAc” refers to N-acetyl; GlcNAc refers to N-acetylglucosamine). Usually, N-glycan structures are presented with the non-reducing end to the left and the reducing end to the right. The reducing end of the N-glycan is the end that is attached to the Asn residue comprising the glycosylation site on the protein. N-glycans differ with respect to the number of branches (antennae) comprising peripheral sugars (e.g., GlcNAc, galactose, fucose and sialic acid) that are added to the Man3GlcNAc2 (“Man3”) core structure which is also referred to as the “trimannose core”, the “pentasaccharide core” or the “paucimannose core”. N-glycans are classified according to their branched constituents (e.g., high mannose, complex or hybrid). A “high mannose” type N-glycan has five or more mannose residues. A “complex” type N-glycan typically has at least one GlcNAc attached to the 1,3 mannose arm and at least one GlcNAc attached to the 1,6 mannose arm of a “trimannose” core. Complex N-glycans may also have galactose (“Gal”) or N-acetylgalactosamine (“GalNAc”) residues that are optionally modified with sialic acid or derivatives (e.g., “NANA” or “NeuAc”, where “Neu” refers to neuraminic acid and “Ac” refers to acetyl). Complex N-glycans may also have intrachain substitutions comprising “bisecting” GlcNAc and core fucose (“Fuc”). Complex N-glycans may also have multiple antennae on the “trimannose core,” often referred to as “multiple antennary glycans.” A “hybrid” N-glycan has at least one GlcNAc on the terminal of the 1,3 mannose arm of the trimannose core and zero or more mannoses on the 1,6 mannose arm of the trimannose core. The various N-glycans are also referred to as “glycoforms.”
  • With respect to complex N-glycans, the terms “G-2”, “G-1”, “G0”, “G1”, “G2”, “A1”, and “A2” mean the following. “G-2” refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as Man3GlcNAc2; the term “G-1” refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as GlcNAcMan3GlcNAc2; the term “G0” refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; the term “G1” refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as GalGlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; the term “G2” refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; the term “Al” refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as NANAGal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2; and, the term “A2” refers to an N-glycan structure that can be characterized as NANA2Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2. Unless otherwise indicated, the terms G-2″, “G-1”, “G0”, “G1”, “G2”, “A1”, and “A2” refer to N-glycan species that lack fucose attached to the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the N-glycan. When the term includes an “F”, the “F” indicates that the N-glycan species contains a fucose residue on the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the N-glycan. For example, G0F, G1F, G2F, A1F, and A2F all indicate that the N-glycan further includes a fucose residue attached to the GlcNAc residue at the reducing end of the N-glycan. Lower eukaryotes such as yeast and filamentous fungi do not normally produce N-glycans that produce fucose.
  • With respect to multiantennary N-glycans, the term “multiantennary N-glycan” refers to N-glycans that further comprise a GlcNAc residue on the mannose residue comprising the non-reducing end of the 1,6 arm or the 1,3 arm of the N-glycan or a GlcNAc residue on each of the mannose residues comprising the non-reducing end of the 1,6 arm and the 1,3 arm of the N-glycan. Thus, multiantennary N-glycans can be characterized by the formulas GlcNAc(2-4)Man3GlcNAc2, Gal(1-4)GlcNAc(2-4)Man3GlcNAc2, or NANA(1-4)Gal(1-4)GlcNAc(2-4)Man3GlcNAc2. The term “1-4” refers to 1, 2, 3, or 4 residues.
  • With respect to bisected N-glycans, the term “bisected N-glycan” refers to N-glycans in which a GlcNAc residue is linked to the mannose residue at the reducing end of the N-glycan. A bisected N-glycan can be characterized by the formula GlcNAc3Man3GlcNAc2 wherein each mannose residue is linked at its non-reducing end to a GlcNAc residue. In contrast, when a multiantennary N-glycan is characterized as GlcNAc3Man3GlcNAc2, the formula indicates that two GlcNAc residues are linked to the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of one of the two arms of the N-glycans and one GlcNAc residue is linked to the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of the other arm of the N-glycan.
  • In certain embodiments, the proteins of the invention comprise an aglycosylated Fc region. By way of example, an IgG1 Fc region may be aglycosylayed by deleting or substituting residue N297.
    • Antibody Physical Properties
  • The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may further contain one or more glycosylation sites in either the light or heavy chain immunoglobulin variable region. Such glycosylation sites may result in increased immunogenicity of the antibody or fragment or an alteration of the pK of the antibody due to altered antigen-binding (Marshall et al. (1972) Annu Rev Biochem 41:673-702; Gala and Morrison (2004) J Immunol 172:5489-94; Wallick et al (1988) J Exp Med 168:1099-109; Spiro (2002) Glycobiology 12:43R-56R; Parekh et al (1985) Nature 316:452-7; Mimura et al. (2000) Mol Immunol 37:697-706). Glycosylation has been known to occur at motifs containing an N-X-S/T sequence.
  • Each antibody or antigen-binding fragment will have a unique isoelectric point (pI), which generally falls in the pH range between 6 and 9.5. The pI for an IgG1 antibody typically falls within the pH range of 7-9.5 and the pI for an IgG4 antibody typically falls within the pH range of 6-8.
  • Each antibody or antigen-binding fragment will have a characteristic melting temperature, with a higher melting temperature indicating greater overall stability in vivo (Krishnamurthy R and Manning M C (2002) Curr Pharm Biotechnol 3:361-71). In general, the TM1 (the temperature of initial unfolding) may be greater than 60° C., greater than 65° C., or greater than 70° C. The melting point of an antibody or fragment can be measured using differential scanning calorimetry (Chen et al (2003) Pharm Res 20:1952-60; Ghirlando et al (1999) Immunol Lett 68:47-52) or circular dichroism (Murray et al. (2002) J. Chromatogr Sci 40:343-9).
  • In a further embodiment, antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are selected that do not degrade rapidly. Degradation of an antibody or fragment can be measured using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and MALDI-MS (Alexander A J and Hughes D E (1995) Anal Chem 67:3626-32).
  • In a further embodiment, antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are selected that have minimal aggregation effects, which can lead to the triggering of an unwanted immune response and/or altered or unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. Generally, antibodies and fragments are acceptable with aggregation of 25% or less, 20% or less, 15% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less. Aggregation can be measured by several techniques, including size-exclusion column (SEC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and light scattering.
    • Antibody Conjugates
  • The anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may also be conjugated to a chemical moiety. The chemical moiety may be, inter alia, a polymer, a radionucleotide or a cytotoxic factor. In particular embodiments, the chemical moiety is a polymer which increases the half-life of the antibody or fragment in the body of a subject. Suitable polymers include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic polymers which include but are not limited to polyethylene glycol (PEG) (e.g., PEG with a molecular weight of 2kDa, 5 kDa, 10 kDa, 12kDa, 20 kDa, 30kDa or 40kDa), dextran and monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG). Lee, et al., (1999) (Bioconj. Chem. 10:973-981) discloses PEG conjugated single-chain antibodies. Wen, et al., (2001) (Bioconj. Chem. 12:545-553) disclose conjugating antibodies with PEG which is attached to a radiometal chelator (diethylenetriaminpentaacetic acid (DTPA)).
  • The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may also be conjugated with labels such as 99Tc, 90Y, 111In, 32P, 14C, 125I, 3H, 131I, 11C, 15O, 13N, 18F, 35S, 51Cr, 57To, 226Ra, 60Co, 59Fe, 57Se, 152Eu, 67CU, 217Ci, 211At, 212Pb, 47Sc, 109Pd, 234Th, and 40K, 157Gd, 55Mn, 52Tr, and 56Fe.
  • The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may also be PEGylated, for example to increase its biological (e.g., serum) half-life. To PEGylate an antibody or fragment, the antibody or fragment, typically is reacted with a reactive form of polyethylene glycol (PEG), such as a reactive ester or aldehyde derivative of PEG, under conditions in which one or more PEG groups become attached to the antibody or antibody fragment. In particular embodiments, the PEGylation is carried out via an acylation reaction or an alkylation reaction with a reactive PEG molecule (or an analogous reactive water-soluble polymer). As used herein, the term “polyethylene glycol” is intended to encompass any of the forms of PEG that have been used to derivatize other proteins, such as mono (C1-C10) alkoxy- or aryloxy-polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol-maleimide. In certain embodiments, the antibody or fragment to be PEGylated is an aglycosylated antibody or fragment. Methods for PEGylating proteins are known in the art and can be applied to the antibodies of the invention. See, e.g., EP 0 154 316 and EP 0 401 384.
  • The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein may also be conjugated with fluorescent or chemilluminescent labels, including fluorophores such as rare earth chelates, fluorescein and its derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, isothiocyanate, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, o-phthaladehyde, fluorescamine, 152Eu, dansyl, umbelliferone, luciferin, luminal label, isoluminal label, an aromatic acridinium ester label, an imidazole label, an acridimium salt label, an oxalate ester label, an aequorin label, 2,3-dihydrophthalazinediones, biotin/avidin, spin labels and stable free radicals.
  • The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention may also be conjugated to a cytotoxic factor such as diptheria toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A chain , ricin A chain, abrin A chain, modeccin A chain, alpha-sarcin, Aleurites fordii proteins and compounds (e.g., fatty acids), dianthin proteins, Phytoiacca americana proteins PAPI, PAPII, and PAP-S, Momordica charantia inhibitor, curcin, crotin, Saponaria officinalis inhibitor, mitogellin, restrictocin, phenomycin, and enomycin.
  • Any method known in the art for conjugating the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention to the various moieties may be employed, including those methods described by Hunter, et al., (1962) Nature 144:945; David, et al., (1974) Biochemistry 13:1014; Pain, et al., (1981) J. Immunol. Meth. 40:219; and Nygren, J., (1982) Histochem. and Cytochem. 30:407. Methods for conjugating antibodies and fragments are conventional and very well known in the art.
    • Therapeutic Uses of Anti-SIRPα Antibodies
  • Further provided are methods for treating subjects, including human subjects, in need of treatment with the isolated antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein. In one embodiment of the invention, such subject suffers from an infection or an infectious disease.
  • In another embodiment of the invention, such subject suffers from cancer. In one embodiment the cancer is, e.g., osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, kidney cancer, leukemia, renal transitional cell cancer, bladder cancer, Wilm's cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, bone cancer, lung cancer (e.g., non-small cell lung cancer), gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, synovial sarcoma, head and neck cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, multiple myeloma, renal cell cancer, retinoblastoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, rhabdoid tumor of the kidney, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, brain cancer, glioblastoma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, vestibular schwannoma, a primitive neuroectodermal tumor, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, choroid plexus papilloma, polycythemia vera, thrombocythemia, idiopathic myelfibrosis, soft tissue sarcoma, thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer, carcinoid cancer or liver cancer, breast cancer or gastric cancer. In an embodiment of the invention, the cancer is metastatic cancer, e.g., of the varieties described above.
  • Cancers that may be treated by the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments, compositions and methods of the invention include, but are not limited to: Cardiac: sarcoma (angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma), myxoma, rhabdomyoma, fibroma, lipoma and teratoma; Lung: bronchogenic carcinoma (squamous cell, undifferentiated small cell, undifferentiated large cell, adenocarcinoma), alveolar (bronchiolar) carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, chondromatous hamartoma, mesothelioma; Gastrointestinal: esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma), stomach (carcinoma, lymphoma, leiomyosarcoma), pancreas (ductal adenocarcinoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid tumors, vipoma), small bowel (adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoid tumors, Karposi's sarcoma, leiomyoma, hemangioma, lipoma, neurofibroma, fibroma), large bowel (adenocarcinoma, tubular adenoma, villous adenoma, hamartoma, leiomyoma) colorectal; Genitourinary tract: kidney (adenocarcinoma, Wilm's tumor [nephroblastoma], lymphoma, leukemia), bladder and urethra (squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma), prostate (adenocarcinoma, sarcoma), testis (seminoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma, interstitial cell carcinoma, fibroma, fibroadenoma, adenomatoid tumors, lipoma); Liver: hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma), cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, angiosarcoma, hepatocellular adenoma, hemangioma; Bone: osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma), fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma), multiple myeloma, malignant giant cell tumor chordoma, osteochronfroma (osteocartilaginous exostoses), benign chondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxofibroma, osteoid osteoma and giant cell tumors; Nervous system: skull (osteoma, hemangioma, granuloma, xanthoma, osteitis deformans), meninges (meningioma, meningiosarcoma, gliomatosis), brain (astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, glioma, ependymoma, germinoma [pinealoma], glioblastoma multiform, oligodendroglioma, schwannoma, retinoblastoma, congenital tumors), spinal cord neurofibroma, meningioma, glioma, sarcoma); Gynecological: uterus (endometrial carcinoma), cervix (cervical carcinoma, pre tumor cervical dysplasia), ovaries (ovarian carcinoma [serous cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, unclassified carcinoma], granulosa thecal cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, dysgerminoma, malignant teratoma), vulva (squamous cell carcinoma, intraepithelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma, melanoma), vagina (clear cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, botryoid sarcoma (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma), fallopian tubes (carcinoma), breast; Hematologic: blood (myeloid leukemia [acute and chronic], acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myeloproliferative diseases, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome), Hodgkin's disease, non Hodgkin's lymphoma [malignant lymphoma]; Skin: malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Karposi's sarcoma, moles dysplastic nevi, lipoma, angioma, dermatofibroma, keloids, psoriasis; and Adrenal glands: neuroblastoma. Thus, the term “cancerous cell” as provided herein, includes a cell afflicted by any one of the above-identified conditions.
  • In one embodiment, cancers that may be treated by the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein, compositions and methods of the invention include, but are not limited to: breast cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, gastroesophageal junction carcinoma, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, kidney cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, fallopian tube cancer, peritoneal cancer, angiosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, B-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myelocytic leukemia, T-cell lymphoma, natural killer cell lymphoma, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma.
  • In one embodiment, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used for the treatment of infections and infectious diseases. As used herein, the term “infection” refers to any state in at least one cell of an organism (i.e., a subject) is infected by an infectious agent (e.g., a subject has an intracellular pathogen infection, e.g., a chronic intracellular pathogen infection). As used herein, the term “infectious agent” refers to a foreign biological entity (i.e. a pathogen) that induces CD47 expression (e.g., increased CD47 expression) in at least one cell of the infected organism. For example, infectious agents include, but are not limited to bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi.
  • Intracellular pathogens are of particular interest. Infectious diseases are disorders caused by infectious agents. Some infectious agents cause no recognizable symptoms or disease under certain conditions, but have the potential to cause symptoms or disease under changed conditions. The subject methods can be used in the treatment of chronic pathogen infections, for example including but not limited to viral infections, e.g. retrovirus, lentivirus, hepadna virus, herpes viruses, pox viruses, human papilloma viruses, etc.; intracellular bacterial infections, e.g. Mycobacterium, Chlamydophila, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Brucella, Legionella, Francisella, Listeria, Coxiella, Neisseria, Salmonella, Yersinia sp, Helicobacter pylori etc.; and intracellular protozoan pathogens, e.g. Plasmodium sp, Trypanosoma sp., Giardia sp., Toxoplasma sp., Leishmania sp., etc.
  • In an embodiment, the invention provides methods for treating subjects using an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention, wherein the subject suffers from a viral infection. In one embodiment, the viral infection is an infection with a virus selected from the group consisting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis virus (A, B, or C), herpes virus (e.g., VZV, HSV-I, HAV-6, HSV-II, and CMV, Epstein Barr virus), adenovirus, influenza virus, flaviviruses, echovirus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, mumps virus, rotavirus, measles virus, rubella virus, parvovirus, vaccinia virus, HTLV virus, dengue virus, papillomavirus, molluscum virus, poliovirus, rabies virus, JC virus or arboviral encephalitis virus.
  • In an embodiment, the invention provides methods for treating subjects using an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention, wherein the subject suffers from a bacterial infection. In one embodiment, the bacterial infection is infection with a bacteria selected from the group consisting of Chlamydia, rickettsial bacteria, mycobacteria, staphylococci, streptococci, pneumonococci, meningococci and gonococci, klebsiella, proteus, serratia, pseudomonas, Legionella, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Salmonella, bacilli, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium tetan, Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus anthricis, Yersinia pestis, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium lepromatosis, and Borriella.
  • In an embodiment, the invention provides methods for treating subjects using an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention, wherein the subject suffers from a fungal infection. In one embodiment, the fungal infection is an infection with a fungus selected from the group consisting of Candida (albicans, krusei, glabrata, tropicalis, etc.), Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus (fumigatus, niger, etc.), Genus Mucorales (mucor, absidia, rhizopus), Sporothrix schenkii, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Coccidioides immitis and Histoplasma capsulatum.
  • In an embodiment, the invention provides methods for treating subjects using an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention, wherein the subject suffers from a parasitic infection. In one embodiment, the parasitic infection is infection with a parasite selected from the group consisting of Entamoeba histolytica, Balantidium coli, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba, Giardia lambia, Cryptosporidium, Pneumocystis carinii, Plasmodium vivax, Babesia microti, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, Toxoplasma gondii and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.
  • A “subject” may be a mammal such as a human, dog, cat, horse, cow, mouse, rat, monkey (e.g., cynomolgous monkey, e.g., Macaca fascicularis) or rabbit. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the subject is a human subject.
  • The term “in association with” indicates that the components administered in a method of the present invention (e.g., an anti-SIRPα antibody (e.g., humanized antibody) or antigen-binding fragment thereof along with an anti-cancer agent can be formulated into a single composition for simultaneous delivery or formulated separately into two or more compositions (e.g., a kit). Each component can be administered to a subject at a different time than when the other component is administered; for example, each administration may be given non-simultaneously (e.g., separately or sequentially) at several intervals over a given period of time. Moreover, the separate components may be administered to a subject by the same or by a different route.
  • In particular embodiments, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used alone, or in association with other, further therapeutic agents and/or therapeutic procedures, for treating or preventing any disease such as cancer, e.g., as discussed herein, in a subject in need of such treatment or prevention. Compositions, e.g., pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, comprising such antibodies and fragments in association with further therapeutic agents are also part of the present invention.
  • Therefore, the present invention provides a method of treating cancer in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody or antigen binding fragment disclosed herein, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure. The present invention also provides a method of treating an infection or infectious disease in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the antibody or antigen binding fragment disclosed herein, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure. The present invention also provides a method of increasing the activity of an immune cell, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method is used for: the treatment of cancer; the treatment of an infection or infectious disease; or as a vaccine adjuvant.
  • In particular embodiments, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used alone, or in association with tumor vaccines. Examples of tumor vaccines include but are not limited to vaccines for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection caused cancer such as Gardasil®, Gardisil9® and Cervarix®; vaccines that prevent hepatitis B virus caused liver cancer such as Engerix-B® and Recombivax HB®; oncolytic virus therapy that triggers immune response such as Imlygic®; DNA vaccines such as Synchotrope MA2M plasmid DNA vaccine and ZYC101; mammaglobin-a DNA vaccine (see Clinical Cancer Res. 2014 20(23):5964-75); vector based vaccines such as PSA-TRICOM (prostvac), PANVAC-VF, Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccines (see, e.g., Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines, 2014, 2(5) 137-148), Listeria-based vaccines (Listeria expressing one or more cancer vaccines such as Listeria-mesothelin (e.g., CRS-207), ADXS-HPV, Axalimogene Filolisbac, Listeria-HER2/Neu, Listeria-EGFRvIII), Adeno-CEA; allogeneic vaccines such as GVAX, BLP-25 (anti-Ankara-mucin 1), Belagenpumatucel-L, TG4010, CIMAvax epidermal growth factor vaccine, NY-ESO, GM.CD40L-CCL21; autologous vaccines such as:Adeno-CD40L, BCG, INGN-225, Dendritic cell vaccines such as Provenge(Sipuleucel-T), rF-CEA-MUC1-TRICOM (panvac-DC); antigen vaccines such as MUC-1 (stimuvax), NY-ESO-1, GP-100, MAGE-A3 (melanoma antigen encoding gene A3), INGN-225 (see Pharmacology & Therapeutics 153 (2015) 1-9).
  • Eat-me signals could be elevated by cytotoxic therapies like radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic agents including, but not limited to anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone), oxaliplatin, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, bleomycin, vorinostat, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, cytarabine, prednisolone, docetaxel, mitomycin C, topotecan/camptothecin, etoposide, zoledronic acid, methotrexate, ibrutinib, aflibercept, bevacizumab, toremifene, vinblastine, vincristine, idelalisib, mercaptopurine, thalidomide, sorafenib. Thus, in certain embodiments, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used in association with chemotherapeutic agents, in association with radiation therapy, etc. In particular embodiments, the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used alone, or in association with targeted therapies. Examples of targeted therapies include: hormone therapies, signal transduction inhibitors (e.g., EGFR inhibitors, such as cetuximab (Erbitux) and erlotinib (Tarceva)); CD20 inhibitors (e.g., rituximab (Rituxan) and ofatumumab (Arzerra)); CD38 inhibitors (e.g., daratumumab (DARZALEX)); CD52 inhibitors (e.g., alemtuzumab (Campath)); HER2 inhibitors (e.g., trastuzumab (Herceptin) and pertuzumab (Perjeta)); BCR-ABL inhibitors (such as imatinib (Gleevec) and dasatinib (Sprycel)); ALK inhibitors (such as crizotinib (Xalkori) and ceritinib (Zykadia)); BRAF inhibitors (such as vemurafenib (Zelboraf) and dabrafenib (Tafinlar)), gene expression modulators (e.g., decitabine (Dacogen) and Vorinostat (Zolinza)), apoptosis inducers (e.g., bortezomib (Velcade) and carfilzomib (Kyprolis)), angiogenesis inhibitors (e.g., bevacizumab (Avastin) and ramucirumab (Cyramza)), immunomodulatory imide drugs (e.g., thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, and apremilast), monoclonal antibodies attached to toxins (e.g., brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla)).
  • The antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may preferably find use in association with targeted therapies in which antibodies are employed to mediate ADCC/ADCP. Functional bioassays are available to analyze the mode of action of an antibody drug and to distinguish ADCP as a mode of action from ADCC. By way of example, an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay typically utilizes normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or effector cells isolated thereof. Assay variation can be reduced by using selective donor pools with defined Fcγ receptor IIa (FcγRIIa/CD32a), IIIa (FcγRIIIa/CD16a) or IIIb (FcγRIIIb/CD16b) gene copy number variation (CNV) or genotypes such as FcγRIIIa-158 V/V versus V/F or F/F, FcγRIIIa-131 H/H versus H/R or R/R, and the FcγRIIIb-NA1 and -NA2 polymorphic variants. Alternatively, effector cells such as PBMCs, PBMC-derived natural killer (NK) cells, granulocytes, monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, or dendritic cells (DCs) can be replaced with a FcγRIIIa-expressing cell line (for example, engineered NK92). Killing of the target cells can be assessed by measuring the release of specific probes from pre-labelled target cells, using 51chromium (Cr51) or fluorescent dyes such as calcein-acetoxymethyl (calcein-AM), carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), 2′,7′-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), europium (Eu) or propidium iodide (PI), or by measuring the release of cytosolic enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or the release of nucleoside triphosphate (ATP).
  • In contrast, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) may be assessed by measuring the destruction of target cells via granulocyte, monocyte, dendritic cell, or macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. ADCP assays use PBMC-derived cells or myeloid cell lines such as HL-60, THP-1, and U937 cells differentiated into macrophages or granulocytes. Stimuli that are commonly used to induce macrophage differentiation in monocytic cell lines include phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), and retinoic acid (RA). RA is also known to induce terminal granulocytic differentiation of for example HL-60 cells. Phagocytosis of the target cells can be assessed by monitoring effector cells for the internalization of specific probes from target cells pre-labelled with fluorescent dyes such as cell proliferation dye eFluor450, CFSE, and pH-sensitive dyes including pHrodo and CypHer5E. Phagocytosis is measured by an increase in fluorescently labelled effector cells using flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. “Reporter gene” assays are also available to assess ADCP. In order to measure ADCP function in a reporter gene assay, target cells are first incubated with a titration of an antibody of interest. Once the antibody is bound to its cognate target on the target cell surface, engineered Jurkat effector cells are added. If ADCP pathway activation ensues, the Jurkat cells produce a luciferase product by expression of the reporter gene NFAT-RE-luc2. Luciferase activity is then measured following a 4-24 hour induction period, after addition of the luciferase assay reagent. The dose-dependent response in the microtiter plate-based assay can be used to quantify the relative biological activity of the therapeutic antibody compared to the dose-response curve of a suitable reference item.
  • In particular embodiments, the anti-SIRPα antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention may be used in combination with an anti-cancer therapeutic agent or immunomodulatory drug such as an immunomodulatory receptor inhibitor, e.g., an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the receptor.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with one or more of:
      • an agonist (e.g., an agonistic antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or a soluble fusion) of a TNF receptor protein, an Immunoglobulin-like protein, a cytokine receptor, an integrin, a signaling lymphocytic activation molecules (SLAM proteins), an activating NK cell receptor, a Toll like receptor, OX40, CD2, CD7, CD27, CD28, CD30, CD40, ICAM-1, LFA-1 (CD1 1a/CD18), 4-1BB (CD137), B7-H3, ICOS (CD278), GITR, BAFFR, LIGHT, HVEM (LIGHTR), KIRDS2, SLAMF7, NKp80 (KLRF1), NKp44, NKp30, NKp46, CD19, CD4, CD8alpha, CD8beta, IL2R beta, IL2R gamma, IL7R alpha, ITGA4, VLA1, CD49a, ITGA4, IA4, CD49D, ITGA6, VLA-6, CD49f, ITGAD, CD1 1d, ITGAE, CD103, ITGAL, ITGAM, CD1 1b, ITGAX, CD1 1c, ITGB1, CD29, ITGB2, CD18, ITGB7, NKG2D, NKG2C, TNFR2, TRANCE/RANKL, DNAM1 (CD226), SLAMF4 (CD244, 2B4), CD84, CD96 (Tactile), CEACAM1, CRTAM, Ly9 (CD229), CD160 (BY55), PSGL1, CD100 (SEMA4D), CD69, SLAMF6 (NTB-A, Ly108), SLAM (SLAMF1, CD150, IPO-3), SLAM7, BLAME (SLAMF8), SELPLG (CD162), LTBR, LAT, GADS, PAG/Cbp, CD19a, and a ligand that specifically binds with CD83; or
      • an inhibitor of CD47, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA4, TIM3, LAGS, CEACAM (e.g., CEACAM-1, -3 and/or -5), VISTA, BTLA, TIGIT, LAIR1, IDO, TDO, CD160 and/or TGFR beta.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with one or more cyclic dinculeotides or other STING pathway agonists. STING (stimulator of interferon genes, also known as TMEM173, MITA, ERIS, and MPYS) is a transmembrane protein localized to the ER that undergoes a conformational change in response to direct binding of cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), resulting in a downstream signaling cascade involving TBK1 activation, IRF-3 phosphorylation, and production of IFN-β and other cytokines. The STING pathway in tumor-resident host antigen presenting c3ellss is involved in the induction of a spontaneous CD8+ T cell response against tumor-derived antigens. Activation of this pathway and the subsequent production of IFN-β also reportedly contributes to the anti-tumor effect of radiation. STING agoinists and their uses are described in, for example, US20060040887, US20080286296, US20120041057, US20140205653, W02014179335, WO 2014179760, US20150056224, WO 2015185565, WO 2016096174, WO 2016145102, WO 2017011444, WO 2017027645, WO 2017027646, WO 2017123657, WO 2017123669, WO 2017175147, WO 2017175156, WO 2018045204, WO 2018009648, WO 2018006652, WO 2018013887, WO 2018013908, US20180002369, US20180092937, and US20180093964.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with one or more of: anti-CD47 antibody, anti-PD-1 antibody (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab, anti-PDL1 antibody, anti-TIGIT antibody, anti-APRIL antibody, anti-CTLA4 antibody, anti-CS1 antibody (e.g., elotuzumab), anti-KIR2DL1/2/3 antibody (e.g., lirilumab), anti-CD137 antibody (e.g., urelumab), anti-GITR antibody (e.g., TRX518), anti-PD-L1 antibody (e.g., BMS-936559, MSB0010718C or MPDL3280A), anti-PD-L2 antibody, anti-ILT1 antibody, anti-ILT2 antibody, anti-ILT3 antibody, anti-ILT4 antibody, anti-ILT5 antibody, anti-ILT6 antibody, anti-ILT7 antibody, anti-ILT8 antibody, anti-CD40 antibody, anti-OX40 antibody, anti-ICOS, anti-KIR2DL1 antibody, anti-KIR2DL2/3 antibody, anti-KIR2DL4 antibody, anti-KIR2DL5A antibody, anti-KIR2DL5B antibody, anti-KIR3DL1 antibody, anti-KIR3DL2 antibody, anti-KIR3DL3 antibody, anti-NKG2A antibody, anti-NKG2C antibody, anti-NKG2E antibody, anti-4-1BB antibody (e.g., PF-05082566), anti-TSLP antibody, anti-IL-10 antibody, IL-10 or PEGylated IL-10, or any small organic molecule inhibitor of such targets.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD20 antibody (e.g., rituximab, ofatumumab, ocrelizumab, obinutuzumab, ocaratuzumab, ublituximab, veltuzumab, ibritumomab tiuxetan, tositumomab, BVX-20, SCT-400 or PRO131921).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD38 antibody (e.g., daratumumab, isatuximab or MOR202).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-EGFR antibody (e.g., cetuximab, CetuGEX, panitumumab, nimotuzumab, depatuxizumab or AFM-21).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-HER2 antibody (e.g., trastuzumab, TrasGEX, pertuzumab, margetuximab or ADCT-502).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-HER3 antibody (e.g., lumretuzumab, patritumab or LJM716).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD19 antibody (e.g., inebilizumab, blinatumomab, DI-B4, MDX-1342, MEDI-551, MOR208 or 4-G7SDIE).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD52 antibody (e.g., alemtuzumab).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-EpCAM antibody (e.g., adecatumumab, catumaxomab, edrecolomab or ING-1).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-SLAMF7 antibody (e.g., elotuzumab or ABBV-838).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-PD-1 antibody (e.g., nivolumab or pembrolizumab).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-PD-L1 antibody (e.g., BMS-936559, MSB0010718C or MPDL3280A).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CTLA4 antibody (e.g., ipilimumab or tremelimumab).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD137 antibody (e.g., urelumab).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-GITR antibody (e.g., TRX518 or FPA154).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-OX40 antibody (e.g., MEDI6469, MOXR0916 or INCAGN1949).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD40 antibody (e.g., lucatumumab, dacetuzmumab, APX005M, ChiLob7/4, CP-870,893 or JNJ-64457107)In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CS1 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL1/2/3 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD137 (e.g., urelumab) antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-GITR (e.g., TRX518) antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-PD-L2 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL1 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL2 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL3 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL4 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL5 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL6 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL7 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ITL8 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-CD40 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-OX40 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL1 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL2/3 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL4 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL5A antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR2DL5B antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR3DL1 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR3DL2 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-KIR3DL3 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-NKG2A antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-NKG2C antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-ICOS antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-4-1BB antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-IL-10 antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with an anti-TSLP antibody.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with IL-10 or PEGylated IL-10.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with one or more of an inhibitor (e.g., a small organic molecule or an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof) such as: an MTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, a cytotoxic agent, a platinum agent, an EGFR inhibitor, a VEGF inhibitor, a microtubule stabilizer, a taxane, a CD20 inhibitor, a CD52 inhibitor, a CD30 inhibitor, a RANK (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B) inhibitor, a RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) inhibitor, an ERK inhibitor, a MAP Kinase inhibitor, an AKT inhibitor, a MEK inhibitor, a PI3K inhibitor, a HER1 inhibitor, a HER2 inhibitor, a HERS inhibitor, a HER4 inhibitor, a Bcl2 inhibitor, a CD22 inhibitor, a CD79b inhibitor, an ErbB2 inhibitor, or a farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with any one or more of: 13-cis-retinoic acid, 3-[5-(methylsulfonylpiperadinemethyl)-indolyl]-quinolone, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, 5-deooxyuridine, 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mecaptopurine, 7-hydroxystaurosporine, A-443654, abirateroneacetate, abraxane, ABT-578, acolbifene, ADS-100380, ALT-110, altretamine, amifostine, aminoglutethimide, amrubicin, Amsacrine, anagrelide, anastrozole, angiostatin, AP-23573, ARQ-197, arzoxifene, AS-252424, AS-605240, asparaginase, AT-9263, atrasentan, axitinib, AZD1152, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, batabulin, BC-210, besodutox, bevacizumab, bicalutamide, Bio111, BIO140, bleomycin, BMS-214662, BMS-247550, BMS-275291, BMS-310705, bortezomib, buserelin, busulfan, calcitriol, camptothecin, canertinib, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, CC8490, Cediranib, CG-1521, CG-781, chlamydocin, chlorambucil, chlorotoxin, cilengitide, cimitidine, cisplatin, cladribine, clodronate, COL-3, CP-724714, cyclophosphamide, cyproterone, cyproteroneacetate, cytarabine, cytosinearabinoside, dacarbazine, dacinostat, dactinomycin, dalotuzumab, danusertib, dasatanib, daunorubicin, decatanib, deguelin, denileukin, deoxycoformycin, depsipeptide, diarylpropionitrile, diethylstilbestrol, diftitox, docetaxel, dovitinib, doxorubicin, droloxifene, edotecarin, yttrium-90 labeled-edotreotide, edotreotide, EKB-569, EMD121974, endostatin, enzalutamide, enzastaurin, epirubicin, epithilone B, ERA-923, Erbitux, erlotinib, estradiol, estramustine, etoposide, everolimus, exemestane, ficlatuzumab, finasteride, flavopiridol, floxuridine, fludarabine, fludrocortisone, fluoxymesterone, flutamide, FOLFOX regimen, Fulvestrant, galeterone, gefitinib, gemcitabine, gimatecan, goserelin, goserelin acetate, gossypol, GSK461364, GSK690693, HMR-3339, hydroxyprogesteronecaproate, hydroxyurea, IC87114, idarubicin, idoxyfene, ifosfamide, IM862, imatinib, IMC-1C11, INCB24360, INO1001, interferon, interleukin-12, ipilimumab, irinotecan, JNJ-16241199, ketoconazole, KRX-0402, thalidomide, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, apremilast, lapatinib, lasofoxifene, letrozole, leucovorin, leuprolide, leuprolide acetate, levamisole, liposome entrapped paclitaxel, lomustine, lonafarnib, lucanthone, LY292223, LY292696, LY293646, LY293684, LY294002, LY317615, marimastat, mechlorethamine, medroxyprogesteroneacetate, megestrolacetate, melphalan, mercaptopurine, mesna, methotrexate, mithramycin, mitomycin, mitotane, mitoxantrone, tozasertib, MLN8054, neovastat, Neratinib , neuradiab, nilotinib, nilutimide, nolatrexed, NVP-BEZ235, oblimersen, octreotide, ofatumumab, oregovomab, orteronel, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, palbociclib, pamidronate, panitumumab, pazopanib, PD0325901, PD184352, PEG-interferon, pemetrexed, pentostatin, perifosine, phenylalaninemustard, PI-103, pictilisib, PIK-75, pipendoxifene, PKI-166, plicamycin, porfimer, prednisone, procarbazine, progestins, PX-866, R-763, raloxifene, raltitrexed, razoxin, ridaforolimus, rituximab, romidepsin, RTA744, rubitecan, scriptaid, Sdx102, seliciclib, selumetinib, semaxanib, SF1126, sirolimus, SN36093, sorafenib, spironolactone, squalamine, SR13668, streptozocin, SU6668, suberoylanalide hydroxamic acid, sunitinib, synthetic estrogen, talampanel, talimogene laherparepvec, tamoxifen, temozolomide, temsirolimus, teniposide, tesmilifene, testosterone, tetrandrine, TGX-221, thalidomide, thioguanine, thiotepa, tremelimumab, tipifarnib, tivozanib, TKI-258, TLK286, topotecan, toremifene citrate, trabectedin, trastuzumab, tretinoin, trichostatin A, triciribinephosphate monohydrate, triptorelin pamoate, TSE-424, uracil mustard, valproic acid, valrubicin, vandetanib, vatalanib, VEGF trap, vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinorelbine, vitaxin, vitespan, vorinostat, VX-745, wortmannin, Xr311, zanolimumab, ZK186619, ZK-304709, ZM336372, ZSTK474.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable anti-cancer agents to be used in combination with an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention include cytostatic agents, immune modulating imide drugs, cytotoxic agents, targeted therapeutic agents (small molecules, biologics, siRNA and microRNA) against cancer and neoplastic diseases,
      • 1) anti-metabolites (such as methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, fludarabine, capecitabine);
      • 2) alkylating agents, such as temozolomide, cyclophosphamide,
      • 3) DNA interactive and DNA damaging agents, such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin,
      • 4) Ionizing irradiation, such as radiation therapy,
      • 5) topoisomerase II inhibitors, such as etoposide, doxorubicin,
      • 6) topoisomerase I inhibitors, such as irinotecan, topotecan,
      • 7) tubulin interacting agents, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, Abraxane, epothilones,
      • 8) kinesin spindle protein inhibitors,
      • 9) spindle checkpoint inhibitors,
      • 10) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, such as olaparib, MK-4827 and veliparib
      • 11) Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitors
      • 12) Protease inhibitors, such as cathepsin D and cathepsin K inhibitors
      • 13) Proteosome or ubiquitination inhibitors, such as bortezomib,
      • 14) Activator of mutant p53 to restore its wild-type p53 activity
      • 15) Adenoviral-p53
      • 16) Bcl-2 inhibitors, such as ABT-263
      • 17) Heat shock protein (HSP) modulators, such as geldanamycin and 17-AAG
      • 18) Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, such as vorinostat (SAHA),
      • 19) sex hormone modulating agents,
        • a. anti-estrogens, such as tamoxifen, fulvestrant,
        • b. selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM), such as raloxifene,
        • c. anti-androgens, such as bicalutamide, flutamide
        • d. LHRH agonists, such as leuprolide,
        • e. 5α-reductase inhibitors, such as finasteride,
        • f. Cytochrome P450 C17 lyase (CYP450c17, also called 17αC);
        • g. aromatase inhibitors, such as letrozole, anastrozole, exemestane,
      • 20) EGFR kinase inhibitors, such as geftinib, erlotinib, laptinib
      • 21) dual erbB1 and erbB2 inhibitors, such as Lapatinib
      • 22) multi-targeted kinases (serine/threonine and/or tyrosine kinase) inhibitors,
        • a. ABL kinase inhibitors, imatinib and nilotinib, dasatinib
        • b. VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, PDGFR, KDR, FLT, c-Kit, Tie2, Raf, MEK and ERK inhibitors, such as sunitinib, sorafenib, Vandetanib, pazopanib, PLX-4032, Axitinib, PTK787, GSK-1120212
        • c. Polo-like kinase inhibitors
        • d. Aurora kinase inhibitors
        • e. JAK inhibitor
        • f. c-MET kinase inhibitors
        • g. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, such as CDK1 and CDK2 inhibitor Dinaciclib SCH 727965 (see Parry et al, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 9 (8): 2344-53 (2010)) and CDK4/6 inhibitors, such as Ribociclib, Palbociclib, Abemaciclib, and Trilaciclib.
        • h. PI3K and mTOR inhibitors, such as GDC-0941, BEZ-235, BKM-120 and AZD-8055
        • i. Rapamycin and its analogs, such as Temsirolimus, everolimus, and deforolimus
      • 23) and other anti-cancer (also know as anti-neoplastic) agents include but are not limited to ara-C, adriamycin, cytoxan, Carboplatin, Uracil mustard, Clormethine, Ifosfsmide, Melphalan, Chlorambucil, Pipobroman, Triethylenemelamine, Triethylenethiophosphoramine, Busulfan, Carmustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin, Dacarbazine, Floxuridine, Cytarabine, 6-Mercaptopurine, 6-Thioguanine, Fludarabine phosphate, Pentostatine, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Vinorelbine, Navelbine, Bleomycin, Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, teniposide, cytarabine, pemetrexed, Idarubicin, Mithramycin, Deoxycoformycin, Mitomycin-C, L-Asparaginase, Teniposide, Ethinylestradiol, Diethylstilbestrol, Testosterone, Prednisone, Fluoxymesterone, Dromostanolone propionate, Testolactone, Megestrolacetate, Methylprednisolone, Methyltestosterone, Prednisolone, Triamcinolone, Chlorotrianisene, Hydroxyprogesterone, Aminoglutethimide, Estramustine, Flutamide Medroxyprogesteroneacetate, Toremifene, goserelin, Carboplatin, Hydroxyurea, Amsacrine, Procarbazine, Mitotane, Mitoxantrone, Levamisole, Drolloxafine, Hexamethylmelamine, Bexxar, Zevalin, Trisenox, Profimer, Thiotepa, Altretamine, Doxil, Ontak, Depocyt, Aranesp, Neupogen, Neulasta, Kepivance.
      • 24) Farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors, such as, SARASAR™(4-[2-[4-[(11R)-3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6, 11-dihydro-5H-benzo [5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-yl-]-1-piperidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]-piperidinecarboxamide, tipifarnib
      • 25) interferons, such as Intron A, Peg-Intron,
      • 26) anti-erbB1 antibodies, such as cetuximab, panitumumab,
      • 27) anti-erbB2 antibodies, such as trastuzumab,
      • 28) anti-CD52 antibodies, such as Alemtuzumab,
      • 29) anti-CD20 antibodies, such as Rituximab
      • 30) anti-CD33 antibodies, such as Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
      • 31) anti-VEGF antibodies, such as Avastin,
      • 32) TRIAL ligands, such as Lexatumumab, mapatumumab, and AMG-655
      • 33) anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, such as ipilimumab
      • 34) antibodies against CTA1, CEA, CDS, CD19, CD22, CD30, CD44, CD44V6, CD55, CD56, EpCAM, FAP, MHCII, HGF, IL-6, MUC1, PSMA, TAL6, TAG-72, TRAILR, VEGFR, IGF-2, FGF,
      • 35) anti-IGF-1R antibodies, such as dalotuzumab (MK-0646) and robatumumab (SCH 717454).
  • “Estrogen receptor modulators” refers to compounds that interfere with or inhibit the binding of estrogen to the receptor, regardless of mechanism. Examples of estrogen receptor modulators include, but are not limited to, tamoxifen, raloxifene, idoxifene, LY353381, LY117081, toremifene, fulvestrant, 4-[7-(2,2-dimethyl-l-oxopropoxy-4-methyl-2-[4-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl]-phenyl-2,2-dimethylpropanoate, 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone-2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazone, and SH646.
  • “Androgen receptor modulators” refers to compounds which interfere or inhibit the binding of androgens to the receptor, regardless of mechanism. Examples of androgen receptor modulators include finasteride and other 5a-reductase inhibitors, nilutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide, liarozole, and abiraterone acetate.
  • “Retinoid receptor modulators” refers to compounds which interfere or inhibit the binding of retinoids to the receptor, regardless of mechanism. Examples of such retinoid receptor modulators include bexarotene, tretinoin, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, α-difluoromethylornithine, ILX23-7553, trans-N-(4′ -hydroxyphenyl) retinamide, and N-4-carboxyphenyl retinamide.
  • “Cytotoxic/cytostatic agents” refer to compounds which cause cell death or inhibit cell proliferation primarily by interfering directly with the cell's functioning or inhibit or interfere with cell myosis, including alkylating agents, tumor necrosis factors, intercalators, hypoxia activatable compounds, microtubule inhibitors/microtubule-stabilizing agents, inhibitors of mitotic kinesins, histone deacetylase inhibitors, inhibitors of kinases involved in mitotic progression, inhibitors of kinases involved in growth factor and cytokine signal transduction pathways, antimetabolites, biological response modifiers, hormonal/anti-hormonal therapeutic agents, haematopoietic growth factors, monoclonal antibody targeted therapeutic agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, proteosome inhibitors, ubiquitin ligase inhibitors, and aurora kinase inhibitors.
  • Examples of cytotoxic/cytostatic agents include, but are not limited to, platinum coordinator compounds, sertenef, cachectin, ifosfamide, tasonermin, lonidamine, carboplatin, altretamine, prednimustine, dibromodulcitol, ranimustine, fotemustine, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, temozolomide, heptaplatin, estramustine, improsulfan tosilate, trofosfamide, nimustine, dibrospidium chloride, pumitepa, lobaplatin, satraplatin, profiromycin, cisplatin, irofulven, dexifosfamide, cis-aminedichloro(2-methyl-pyridine)platinum, benzylguanine, glufosfamide, GPX100, (trans, trans, trans)-bis-mu-(hexane-1,6-diamine)-mu-[diamine-platinum(II)]bis [diamine(chloro)platinum (II)]tetrachloride, diarizidinylspermine, arsenic trioxide, 1-(11-dodecylamino-10-hydroxyundecyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine, zorubicin, idarubicin, daunorubicin, bisantrene, mitoxantrone, pirarubicin, pinafide, valrubicin, amrubicin, antineoplaston, 3′-deamino-3′-morpholino-13-deoxo-10-hydroxycarminomycin, annamycin, galarubicin, elinafide, MEN10755, 4-demethoxy-3-deamino-3-aziridinyl-4-methylsulphonyl-daunorubicin (see WO 00/50032).
  • An example of a hypoxia activatable compound is tirapazamine.
  • Examples of proteosome inhibitors include but are not limited to lactacystin and MLN-341 (Velcade).
  • Examples of microtubule inhibitors/microtubule-stabilising agents include taxanes in general. Specific compounds include paclitaxel (Taxol®), vindesine sulfate, 3′,4′-didehydro-4′-deoxy-8′-norvincaleukoblastine, docetaxol (Taxotere®), rhizoxin, dolastatin, mivobulin isethionate, auristatin, cemadotin, RPR109881, BMS184476, vinflunine, cryptophycin, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-N-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) benzene sulfonamide, anhydrovinblastine, N,N-dimethyl-L-valyl-L-valyl-N-methyl-L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline-t-butylamide, TDX258, the epothilones (see for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,284,781 and 6,288,237) and BMS188797.
  • Some examples of topoisomerase inhibitors are topotecan, hycaptamine, irinotecan, rubitecan, 6-ethoxypropionyl-3′,4′-O-exo-benzylidene-chartreusin, 9-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-5-nitropyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-2-(6H) propanamine, 1-amino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H,12H-benzo[de]pyrano[3′,4′:b,7]-indolizino[1,2b]quinoline-10,13(9H,15H)dione, lurtotecan, 7-[2-(N-isopropylamino)ethyl]-(20S)camptothecin, BNP1350, BNPI1100, BN80915, BN80942, etoposide phosphate, teniposide, sobuzoxane, 2′-dimethylamino-2′-deoxy-etoposide, GL331, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole-1-carboxamide, asulacrine, (5a, 5aB, 8aa,9b)-9-[2-[N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methylamino]ethyl]-5-[4-hydro0xy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-hexohydrofuro(3′,4′:6,7)naphtho(2,3-d)-1,3-dioxo1-6-one, 2,3-(methylenedioxy)-5-methyl-7-hydroxy-8-methoxybenzo[c]-phenanthridinium, 6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]benzo[g]isoguinoline-5,10-dione, 5-(3-aminopropylamino)-7,10-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)-6H-pyrazolo[4,5,1-de]acridin-6-one, N-[1-[2(diethylamino)ethylamino]-7-methoxy-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-4-ylmethyl]formamide, N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)acridine-4-carboxamide, 6-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-7H-indeno[2,1-c] quinolin-7-one, and dimesna.
  • Examples of inhibitors of mitotic kinesins, and in particular the human mitotic kinesin KSP, are described in Publications WO03/039460, WO03/050064, WO03/050122, WO03/049527, WO03/049679, WO03/049678, WO04/039774, WO03/079973, WO03/099211, WO03/105855, WO03/106417, WO04/037171, WO04/058148, WO04/058700, WO04/126699, WO05/018638, WO05/019206, WO05/019205, WO05/018547, WO05/017190, US2005/0176776. In an embodiment inhibitors of mitotic kinesins include, but are not limited to inhibitors of KSP, inhibitors of MKLP1, inhibitors of CENP-E, inhibitors of MCAK and inhibitors of Rab6-KIFL.
  • Examples of “histone deacetylase inhibitors” include, but are not limited to, SAHA, TSA, oxamflatin, PXD101, MG98 and scriptaid. Further reference to other histone deacetylase inhibitors may be found in the following manuscript; Miller, T. A. et al. J. Med. Chem. 46(24):5097-5116 (2003).
  • “Inhibitors of kinases involved in mitotic progression” include, but are not limited to, inhibitors of aurora kinase, inhibitors of Polo-like kinases (PLK; in particular inhibitors of PLK-1), inhibitors of bub-1 and inhibitors of bub-R1. An example of an “aurora kinase inhibitor” is VX-680.
  • “Antiproliferative agents” includes antisense RNA and DNA oligonucleotides such as G3139, ODN698, RVASKRAS, GEM231, and INX3001, and antimetabolites such as enocitabine, carmofur, tegafur, pentostatin, doxifluridine, trimetrexate, fludarabine, capecitabine, galocitabine, cytarabine ocfosfate, fosteabine sodium hydrate, raltitrexed, paltitrexid, emitefur, tiazofurin, decitabine, nolatrexed, pemetrexed, nelzarabine, 2′-deoxy-2′-methylidenecytidine, 2′-fluoromethylene-2′-deoxycytidine, N-[5-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuryl)sulfonyl]-N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea, N6-[4-deoxy-4-[N2-[2(E),4(E)-tetradecadienoyl]glycylamino]-L-glycero-B-L-manno-heptopyranosyl]adenine, aplidine, ecteinascidin, troxacitabine, 4-[2-amino-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrimidino[5,4-b][1,4]thiazin-6-yl-(S)-ethyl]-2,5-thienoyl-L-glutamic acid, aminopterin, 5-flurouracil, alanosine, 11-acetyl-8-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-4-formyl-6-methoxy-14-oxa-1,11-diazatetracyclo(7.4.1.0.0)-tetradeca-2,4,6-trien-9-yl acetic acid ester, swainsonine, lometrexol, dexrazoxane, methioninase, 2′-cyano-2′-deoxy-N4-palmitoyl-1-B-D-arabino furanosyl cytosine, 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone and trastuzumab.
  • Examples of monoclonal antibody targeted therapeutic agents include those therapeutic agents which have cytotoxic agents or radioisotopes attached to a cancer cell specific or target cell specific monoclonal antibody. Examples include Bexxar.
  • “Prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor” refers to a compound which inhibits any one or any combination of the prenyl-protein transferase enzymes, including farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase), geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGPTase-I), and geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type-II (GGPTase-II, also called Rab GGPTase).
  • Examples of prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors can be found in the following publications and patents: WO 96/30343, WO 97/18813, WO 97/21701, WO 97/23478, WO 97/38665, WO 98/28980, WO 98/29119, WO 95/32987, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,420,245, 5,523,430, 5,532,359, 5,510,510, 5,589,485, 5,602,098, European Patent Publ. 0 618 221, European Patent Publ. 0 675 112, European Patent Publ. 0 604 181, European Patent Publ. 0 696 593, WO 94/19357, WO 95/08542, WO 95/11917, WO 95/12612, WO 95/12572, WO 95/10514, U.S. Pat. No. 5,661,152, WO 95/10515, WO 95/10516, WO 95/24612, WO 95/34535, WO 95/25086, WO 96/05529, WO 96/06138, WO 96/06193, WO 96/16443, WO 96/21701, WO 96/21456, WO 96/22278, WO 96/24611, WO 96/24612, WO 96/05168, WO 96/05169, WO 96/00736, U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,792, WO 96/17861, WO 96/33159, WO 96/34850, WO 96/34851, WO 96/30017, WO 96/30018, WO 96/30362, WO 96/30363, WO 96/31111, WO 96/31477, WO 96/31478, WO 96/31501, WO 97/00252, WO 97/03047, WO 97/03050, WO 97/04785, WO 97/02920, WO 97/17070, WO 97/23478, WO 97/26246, WO 97/30053, WO 97/44350, WO 98/02436, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,532,359. For an example of the role of a prenyl-protein transferase inhibitor on angiogenesis see European J. of Cancer, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp.1394-1401 (1999).
  • “Angiogenesis inhibitors” refers to compounds that inhibit the formation of new blood vessels, regardless of mechanism. Examples of angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase receptors Flt-1 (VEGFR1) and Flk-1/KDR (VEGFR2), inhibitors of epidermal-derived, fibroblast-derived, or platelet derived growth factors, MMP (matrix metalloprotease) inhibitors, integrin blockers, interferon-a, interleukin-12, pentosan polysulfate, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen as well as selective cyclooxy-genase-2 inhibitors like celecoxib and rofecoxib (PNAS, Vol. 89, p. 7384 (1992); JNCI, Vol. 69, p. 475 (1982); Arch. Opthalmol., Vol. 108, p.573 (1990); Anat. Rec., Vol. 238, p. 68 (1994); FEBS Letters, Vol. 372, p. 83 (1995); Clin, Orthop. Vol. 313, p. 76 (1995); J. Mol. Endocrinol., Vol. 16, p. 107 (1996); Jpn. J. Pharmacol., Vol. 75, p. 105 (1997); Cancer Res., Vol. 57, p. 1625 (1997); Cell, Vol. 93, p. 705 (1998); Intl. J. Mol. Med., Vol. 2, p. 715 (1998); J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 274, p. 9116 (1999)), steroidal anti-inflammatories (such as corticosteroids, mineralocorticoids, dexamethasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylpred, betamethasone), carboxyamidotriazole, combretastatin A-4, squalamine, 6-O-chloroacetyl-carbonyl)-fumagillol, thalidomide, angiostatin, troponin-1, angiotensin II antagonists (see Fernandez et al., J. Lab. Clin. Med. 105: 141-145 (1985)), and antibodies to VEGF (see, Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 17, pp. 963-968 (October 1999); Kim et al., Nature, 362, 841-844 (1993); WO 00/44777; and WO 00/61186).
  • Other examples of angiogenesis inhibitors include, but are not limited to, endostatin, ukrain, ranpirnase, IM862, 5-methoxy-4-[2-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxiranyl]-1-oxaspiro[2,5]oct-6-yl(chloroacetyl)carbamate, acetyldinanaline, 5-amino-1-[[3,5-dichloro-4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide, CM101, squalamine, combretastatin, RPI4610, NX31838, sulfated mannopentaose phosphate, 7,7-(carbonyl-bis[imino-N-methyl-4,2-pyrrolocarbonylimino[N-methyl-4,2-pyrrole]-carbonylimino]-bis-(1,3-naphthalene disulfonate), and 3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylene]-2-indolinone (SU5416).
  • Other therapeutic agents that modulate or inhibit angiogenesis and may also be used in combination with the compounds of the instant invention include agents that modulate or inhibit the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems (see review in Clin. Chem. La. Med. 38:679-692 (2000)). Examples of such agents that modulate or inhibit the coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways include, but are not limited to, heparin (see Thromb. Haemost. 80:10-23 (1998)), low molecular weight heparins and carboxypeptidase U inhibitors (also known as inhibitors of active thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor [TAFIa]) (see Thrombosis Res. 101:329-354 (2001)). TAFIa inhibitors have been described in U.S. Ser. Nos. 60/310,927 (filed Aug. 8, 2001) and 60/349,925 (filed Jan. 18, 2002).
  • “Agents that interfere with cell cycle checkpoints” refer to compounds that inhibit protein kinases that transduce cell cycle checkpoint signals, thereby sensitizing the cancer cell to DNA damaging agents. Such agents include inhibitors of ATR, ATM, the CHK11 and CHK12 kinases and cdk and cdc kinase inhibitors and are specifically exemplified by 7-hydroxystaurosporin, flavopiridol, CYC202 (Cyclacel) and BMS-387032.
  • “Agents that interfere with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)” refer to compounds that inhibit RTKs and therefore mechanisms involved in oncogenesis and tumor progression. Such agents include inhibitors of c-Kit, Eph, PDGF, Flt3 and c-Met. Further agents include inhibitors of RTKs as described by Bume-Jensen and Hunter, Nature, 411:355-365, 2001.
  • “Inhibitors of cell proliferation and survival signalling pathway” refer to compounds that inhibit signal transduction cascades downstream of cell surface receptors. Such agents include inhibitors of serine/threonine kinases (including but not limited to inhibitors of Akt such as described in WO 02/083064, WO 02/083139, WO 02/083140, US 2004-0116432, WO 02/083138, US 2004-0102360, WO 03/086404, WO 03/086279, WO 03/086394, WO 03/084473, WO 03/086403, WO 2004/041162, WO 2004/096131, WO 2004/096129, WO 2004/096135, WO 2004/096130, WO 2005/100356, WO 2005/100344, US 2005/029941, US 2005/44294, US 2005/43361, 60/734188, 60/652737, 60/670469), inhibitors of Raf kinase (for example PLX-4032), inhibitors of MEK (for example Arry-162, RO-4987655 and GSK-1120212), inhibitors of mTOR (for example AZD-8055, BEZ-235 and everolimus), and inhibitors of PI3K (for example GDC-0941, BKM-120).
  • As used above, “integrin blockers” refers to compounds which selectively antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand to the αvβ3integrin, to compounds which selectively antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand to the avβ5 integrin, to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract binding of a physiological ligand to both the aVβ3 integrin and the αVβ5 integrin, and to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract the activity of the particular integrin(s) expressed on capillary endothelial cells. The term also refers to antagonists of the αvβ6, αvβ8, α2β1, α2β1, α5β1, α6β1, and α6β4 integrins. The term also refers to antagonists of any combination of αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ8, α1β1, α2β1, α5β1, α6β1, and α6β4 integrins.
  • Some specific examples of tyrosine kinase inhibitors include N-(trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-carboxamide, 3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylidenyl)indolin-2-one, 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, 4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)-7-methoxy-6-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxyl]quinazoline, N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-quinazolinamine, BIBX1382, 2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10-(hydroxymethyl)-10-hydroxy-9-methyl-9,12-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg:3′,2′,1′-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i][1,6]benzodiazocin-1-one, SH268, genistein, STI571, CEP2563, 4-(3-chlorophenylamino)-5,6-dimethyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinemethane sulfonate, 4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline, 4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline, SU6668, STI571A, N-4-chlorophenyl-4-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1-phthalazinamine, and EMD121974.
  • Combinations of the instantly claimed antibodies or antigen binding fragments with PPAR-γ (i.e., PPAR-gamma) agonists and PPAR-δ (i.e., PPAR-delta) agonists may be useful in the treatment of certain malignancies. PPAR-γ and PPAR-δ are the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ and δ. The expression of PPAR-γ on endothelial cells and its involvement in angiogenesis has been reported in the literature (see J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1998; 31: 909-913; J. Biol. Chem. 1999; 274: 9116-9121; Invest. Ophthalmol Vis. Sci. 2000; 41: 2309-2317). More recently, PPAR-γ agonists have been shown to inhibit the angiogenic response to VEGF in vitro; both troglitazone and rosiglitazone maleate inhibit the development of retinal neovascularization in mice. (Arch. Ophthamol. 2001; 119: 709-717). Examples of PPAR-γ agonists and PPAR-γ/α agonists include, but are not limited to, Lynparza®, Rucaparib®, Talazoparib®, niraparib, Veliparib®, thiazolidinediones (such as DRF2725, CS-011, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone), fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, GW2570, SB219994, AR-H039242, JTT-501, MCC-555, GW2331, GW409544, NN2344, KRP297, NP0110, DRF4158, NN622, GI262570, PNU182716, DRF552926, 2-[(5,7-dipropyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)oxy]-2-methylpropionic acid, and 2(R)-7-(3-(2-chloro-4-(4-fluorophenoxy) phenoxy)propoxy)-2-ethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid.
  • The antibody or antigen binding fragment of the instant invention may also be useful for treating or preventing breast cancer in combination with aromatase inhibitors. Examples of aromatase inhibitors include but are not limited to: anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane.
  • The antibody or antigen binding fragment of the instant invention may also be useful for treating cancer in combination with the following chemotherapeutic agents: abarelix (Plenaxis depot®); aldesleukin (Prokine®); Aldesleukin (Proleukin®); Alemtuzumab (Campath®); alitretinoin (Panretin®); allopurinol (Zyloprim®); altretamine (Hexalen®); amifostine (Ethyol®); anastrozole (Arimidex®); arsenic trioxide (Trisenox®); asparaginase (Elspar®); azacitidine (Vidaza®); bendamustine hydrochloride (Treanda®); bevacuzimab (Avastin®); bexarotene capsules (Targretin®); bexarotene gel (Targretin®); bleomycin (Blenoxane®); bortezomib (Velcade®); brefeldin A; busulfan intravenous (Busulfex®); busulfan oral (Myleran®); calusterone (Methosarb®); capecitabine (Xeloda®); carboplatin (Paraplatin®); carmustine (BCNU®, BiCNU®); carmustine (Gliadel®); carmustine with Polifeprosan 20 Implant (Gliadel Wafer®); celecoxib (Celebrex®); cetuximab (Erbitux®); chlorambucil (Leukeran®); cisplatin (Platinol®); cladribine (Leustatin®, 2-CdA®); clofarabine (Clolar®); cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®, Neosar®); cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan Injection®); cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan Tablet®); cytarabine (Cytosar-U®); cytarabine liposomal (DepoCyt®); dacarbazine (DTIC-Dome®); dactinomycin, actinomycin D (Cosmegen®); dalteparin sodium injection (Fragmin®); daratumumab (DARZALEX®); Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp®); dasatinib (Sprycel®); daunorubicin liposomal (DanuoXome®); daunorubicin, daunomycin (Daunorubicin®); daunorubicin, daunomycin (Cerubidine®); degarelix (Firmagon®); Denileukin diftitox (Ontak®); dexrazoxane (Zinecard®); dexrazoxane hydrochloride (Totect®); didemnin B; 17-DMAG; docetaxel (Taxotere®); doxorubicin (Adriamycin PFS®); doxorubicin (Adriamycin®, Rubex®); doxorubicin (Adriamycin PFS Injection®); doxorubicin liposomal (Doxil®); dromostanolone propionate (Dromostanolone®); dromostanolone propionate (Masterone Injection®); eculizumab injection (Soliris®); Elliott's B Solution (Elliott's B Solution®); eltrombopag (Promacta®); epirubicin (Ellence®); Epoetin alfa (epogen®); erlotinib (Tarceva®); estramustine (Emcyt®); ethinyl estradiol; etoposide phosphate (Etopophos®); etoposide, VP-16 (Vepesid®); everolimus tablets (Afinitor®); exemestane (Aromasin®); ferumoxytol (Feraheme Injection®); Filgrastim (Neupogen®); floxuridine (intraarterial) (FUDR®); fludarabine (Fludara®); fluorouracil, 5-FU (Adrucil®); fulvestrant (Faslodex®); gefitinib (Iressa®); geldanamycin; gemcitabine (Gemzar®); gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®); goserelin acetate (Zoladex Implant®); goserelin acetate (Zoladex®); histrelin acetate (Histrelin implant®); hydroxyurea (Hydrea®); Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin®); idarubicin (Idamycin®); ifosfamide (IFEX®); imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®); interferon alfa 2a (Roferon A®); Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A®); iobenguane I 123 injection (AdreView®); irinotecan (Camptosar®); ixabepilone (Ixempra®); lapatinib tablets (Tykerb®); lenalidomide (Revlimid®); letrozole (Femara®); leucovorin (Wellcovorin®, Leucovorin®); Leuprolide Acetate (Eligard®); levamisole (Ergamisol®); lomustine, CCNU (CeeBU®); meclorethamine, nitrogen mustard (Mustargen®); megestrol acetate (Megace®); melphalan, L-PAM (Alkeran®); mercaptopurine, 6-MP (Purinethol®); mesna (Mesnex®); mesna (Mesnex tabs®); methotrexate (Methotrexate®); methoxsalen (Uvadex®); 8-methoxypsoralen; mitomycin C (Mutamycin®); mitotane (Lysodren®); mitoxantrone (Novantrone®); mitramycin; nandrolone phenpropionate (Durabolin-50®); nelarabine (Arranon®); nilotinib (Tasigna®); Nofetumomab (Verluma®); ofatumumab (Arzerra®); Oprelvekin (Neumega®); oxaliplatin (Eloxatin®); paclitaxel (Paxene®); paclitaxel (Taxol®); paclitaxel protein-bound particles (Abraxane®); palifermin (Kepivance®); pamidronate (Aredia®); panitumumab (Vectibix®); pazopanib tablets (Votrienttm®); pegademase (Adagen (Pegademase Bovine)®); pegaspargase (Oncaspar®); Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®); pemetrexed disodium (Alimta®); pentostatin (Nipent®); pipobroman (Vercyte®); plerixafor (Mozobil®); plicamycin, mithramycin (Mithracin®); porfimer sodium (Photofrin®); pralatrexate injection (Folotyn®); procarbazine (Matulane®); quinacrine (Atabrine®); rapamycin; Rasburicase (Elitek®); raloxifene hydrochloride (Evista®); Rituximab (Rituxan®); romidepsin (Istodax®); romiplostim (Nplate®); sargramostim (Leukine®); Sargramostim (Prokine®); sorafenib (Nexavar®); streptozocin (Zanosar®); sunitinib maleate (Sutent®); talc (Sclerosol®); tamoxifen (Nolvadex®); temozolomide (Temodar®); temsirolimus (Torisel®); teniposide, VM-26 (Vumon®); testolactone (Teslac®); thioguanine, 6-TG (Thioguanine®); thiopurine; thiotepa (Thioplex®); topotecan (Hycamtin®); toremifene (Fareston®); Tositumomab (Bexxar®); Tositumomab/I-131 tositumomab (Bexxar®); trans-retinoic acid; Trastuzumab (Herceptin®); tretinoin, ATRA (Vesanoid®); triethylenemelamine; Uracil Mustard (Uracil Mustard Capsules®); valrubicin (Valstar®); vinblastine (Velban®); vincristine (Oncovin®); vinorelbine (Navelbine®); vorinostat (Zolinza®); wortmannin; and zoledronate (Zometa®).
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is in association with one or more antiemetics including, but not limited to: casopitant (GlaxoSmithKline), Netupitant (MGI-Helsinn) and other NK-1 receptor antagonists, palonosetron (sold as Aloxi by MGI Pharma), aprepitant (sold as Emend by Merck and Co.; Rahway, N.J.), diphenhydramine (sold as Benadryl® by Pfizer; New York, N.Y.), hydroxyzine (sold as Atarax® by Pfizer; New York, N.Y.), metoclopramide (sold as Reglan® by AH Robins Co,; Richmond, Va.), lorazepam (sold as Ativan® by Wyeth; Madison, N.J.), alprazolam (sold as Xanax® by Pfizer; New York, N.Y.), haloperidol (sold as Haldol® by Ortho-McNeil; Raritan, N.J.), droperidol (Inapsine®), dronabinol (sold as Marinol® by Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Marietta, Ga.), dexamethasone (sold as Decadron® by Merck and Co.; Rahway, N.J.), methylprednisolone (sold as Medrol® by Pfizer; New York, N.Y.), prochlorperazine (sold as Compazine® by Glaxosmithkline; Research Triangle Park, N.C.), granisetron (sold as Kytril® by Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.; Nutley, N.J.), ondansetron (sold as Zofran® by Glaxosmithkline; Research Triangle Park, N.C.), dolasetron (sold as Anzemet® by Sanofi-Aventis; New York, N.Y.), tropisetron (sold as Navoban® by Novartis; East Hanover, N.J.).
  • Other side effects of cancer treatment include red and white blood cell deficiency. Accordingly, in an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is in association with an agent which treats or prevents such a deficiency, such as, e.g., filgrastim, PEG-filgrastim, erythropoietin, epoetin alfa or darbepoetin alfa.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention is administered in association with anti-cancer radiation therapy. For example, in an embodiment of the invention, the radiation therapy is external beam therapy (EBT): a method for delivering a beam of high-energy X-rays to the location of the tumor. The beam is generated outside the patient (e.g., by a linear accelerator) and is targeted at the tumor site. These X-rays can destroy the cancer cells and careful treatment planning allows the surrounding normal tissues to be spared. No radioactive sources are placed inside the patient's body. In an embodiment of the invention, the radiation therapy is proton beam therapy: a type of conformal therapy that bombards the diseased tissue with protons instead of X-rays. In an embodiment of the invention, the radiation therapy is conformal external beam radiation therapy: a procedure that uses advanced technology to tailor the radiation therapy to an individual's body structures. In an embodiment of the invention, the radiation therapy is brachytherapy: the temporary placement of radioactive materials within the body, usually employed to give an extra dose—or boost—of radiation to an area.
  • In an embodiment of the invention, a surgical procedure is administered in association with an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is surgical tumorectomy.
    • Experimental and Diagnostic Uses
  • The anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be used as affinity purification agents. In this process, the anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof are immobilized on a solid phase such a Sephadex, glass or agarose resin or filter paper, using methods well known in the art. The immobilized antibody or fragment is contacted with a sample containing the SIRPα protein (or a fragment thereof) to be purified, and thereafter the support is washed with a suitable solvent that will remove substantially all the material in the sample except the SIRPα protein, which is bound to the immobilized antibody or fragment. Finally, the support is washed with a solvent which elutes the bound SIRPα (e.g., protein A). Such immobilized antibodies and fragments form part of the present invention.
  • Further provided are antigens for generating secondary antibodies which are useful for example for performing Western blots and other immunoassays discussed herein.
  • Anti-SIRPα antibodies (e.g., humanized antibodies) and antigen-binding fragments thereof may also be useful in diagnostic assays for SIRPα protein, e.g., detecting its expression in specific cells, tissues, or serum, e.g., myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and dendritic cells. Such diagnostic methods may be useful in various disease diagnoses.
  • The present invention includes ELISA assays (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) incorporating the use of an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof disclosed herein.
  • For example, such a method comprises the following steps:
    • (a) coat a substrate (e.g., surface of a microtiter plate well, e.g., a plastic plate) with anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof;
    • (b) apply a sample to be tested for the presence of SIRPα to the substrate;
    • (c) wash the plate, so that unbound material in the sample is removed;
    • (d) apply detectably labeled antibodies (e.g., enzyme-linked antibodies) which are also specific to the SIRPα antigen;
    • (e) wash the substrate, so that the unbound, labeled antibodies are removed;
    • (f) if the labeled antibodies are enzyme linked, apply a chemical which is converted by the enzyme into a fluorescent signal; and
    • (g) detect the presence of the labeled antibody.
  • Detection of the label associated with the substrate indicates the presence of the SIRPα protein.
  • In a further embodiment, the labeled antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is labeled with peroxidase which react with ABTS (e.g., 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) or 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine to produce a color change which is detectable. Alternatively, the labeled antibody or fragment is labeled with a detectable radioisotope (e.g., 3H) which can be detected by scintillation counter in the presence of a scintillant.
  • An anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention may be used in a Western blot or immune-protein blot procedure. Such a procedure forms part of the present invention and includes e.g.:
      • (1) optionally transferring proteins from a sample to be tested for the presence of SIRPα (e.g., from a PAGE or SDS-PAGE electrophoretic separation of the proteins in the sample) onto a membrane or other solid substrate using a method known in the art (e.g., semi-dry blotting or tank blotting); contacting the membrane or other solid substrate to be tested for the presence of bound SIRPα or a fragment thereof with an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention.
      • (2) washing the membrane one or more times to remove unbound anti-SIRPα antibody or fragment and other unbound substances; and
      • (3) detecting the bound anti-SIRPα antibody or fragment.
  • Such a membrane may take the form of a nitrocellulose or vinyl-based (e.g., polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)) membrane to which the proteins to be tested for the presence of SIRPα in a non-denaturing PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) gel or SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) gel have been transferred (e.g., following electrophoretic separation in the gel). Before contacting the membrane with the anti-SIRPα antibody or fragment, the membrane is optionally blocked, e.g., with non-fat dry milk or the like so as to bind non-specific protein binding sites on the membrane.
  • Detection of the bound antibody or fragment indicates that the SIRPα protein is present on the membrane or substrate and in the sample. Detection of the bound antibody or fragment may be by binding the antibody or fragment with a secondary antibody (an anti-immunoglobulin antibody) which is detectably labeled and, then, detecting the presence of the secondary antibody.
  • The anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may also be used for immunohistochemistry. Such a method forms part of the present invention and comprises, e.g.,
      • (1) contacting a cell (e.g., a sample containing myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and dendritic cells) to be tested for the presence of SIRPα protein with an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention; and
      • (2) detecting the antibody or fragment on or in the cell.
  • If the antibody or fragment itself is detectably labeled, it can be detected directly. Alternatively, the antibody or fragment may be bound by a detectably labeled secondary antibody which is detected.
  • Certain anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may also be used for in vivo tumor imaging. Such a method may include injection of a radiolabeled anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof into the body of a patient to be tested for the presence of a tumor associated with SIRPα expression (e.g., which expresses SIRPα, for example, on the tumor cell surface) followed by nuclear imaging of the body of the patient to detect the presence of the labeled antibody or fragment e.g., at loci comprising a high concentration of the antibody or fragment which are bound to the tumor. The detection of the loci indicates the presence of the SIRPα+ tumor and tumor cells.
  • Imaging techniques include SPECT imaging (single photon emission computed tomography) or PET imaging (positron emission tomography). Labels include e.g., iodine-123 (123I) and technetium-99m (99mTc), e.g., in conjunction with SPECT imaging or 11C, 13N, 15O or 18F, e.g., in conjunction with PET imaging or Indium-111 (See e.g., Gordon et al., (2005) International Rev. Neurobiol. 67:385-440).
    • Pharmaceutical Compositions and Administration
  • To prepare pharmaceutical or sterile compositions of the anti-SIRPα antibodies and antigen-binding fragments of the invention, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is admixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. See, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences and U.S. Pharmacopeia: National Formulary, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa. (1984).
  • Formulations of therapeutic and diagnostic agents may be prepared by mixing with acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers in the form of, e.g., lyophilized powders, slurries, aqueous solutions or suspensions (see, e.g., Hardman, et al. (2001) Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.; Gennaro (2000) Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, New York, N.Y.; Avis, et al. (eds.) (1993) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications, Marcel Dekker, NY; Lieberman, et al. (eds.) (1990) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets, Marcel Dekker, NY; Lieberman, et al. (eds.) (1990) Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Disperse Systems, Marcel Dekker, NY; Weiner and Kotkoskie (2000) Excipient Toxicity and Safety, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y.).
  • Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of the antibodies of the invention, administered alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent, can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population). The dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index (LD50/ED50). The data obtained from these cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in human. The dosage of such compounds lies preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED50 with little or no toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration.
  • In a further embodiment, a further therapeutic agent that is administered to a subject in association with an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention in accordance with the Physicians' Desk Reference 2003 (Thomson Healthcare; 57th edition (Nov. 1, 2002)).
  • The mode of administration can vary. Routes of administration include oral, rectal, transmucosal, intestinal, parenteral; intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramedullary, intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, intraocular, inhalation, insufflation, topical, cutaneous, transdermal, or intra-arterial.
  • In particular embodiments, the anti-SIRPα antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the invention can be administered by an invasive route such as by injection. In further embodiments of the invention, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or pharmaceutical composition thereof, is administered intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intraarterially, intratumorally, or by inhalation, aerosol delivery. Administration by non-invasive routes (e.g., orally; for example, in a pill, capsule or tablet) is also within the scope of the present invention.
  • The present invention provides a vessel (e.g., a plastic or glass vial, e.g., with a cap or a chromatography column, hollow bore needle or a syringe cylinder) comprising any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. The present invention also provides an injection device comprising any of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. An injection device is a device that introduces a substance into the body of a patient via a parenteral route, e.g., intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous. For example, an injection device may be a syringe (e.g., pre-filled with the pharmaceutical composition, such as an auto-injector) which, for example, includes a cylinder or barrel for holding fluid to be injected (e.g., antibody or fragment or a pharmaceutical composition thereof), a needle for piecing skin and/or blood vessels for injection of the fluid; and a plunger for pushing the fluid out of the cylinder and through the needle bore. In an embodiment of the invention, an injection device that comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof is an intravenous (IV) injection device. Such a device includes the antibody or fragment or a pharmaceutical composition thereof in a cannula or trocar/needle which may be attached to a tube which may be attached to a bag or reservoir for holding fluid (e.g., saline; or lactated ringer solution comprising NaCl, sodium lactate, KCl, CaCl2 and optionally including glucose) introduced into the body of the patient through the cannula or trocar/needle. The antibody or fragment or a pharmaceutical composition thereof may, in an embodiment of the invention, be introduced into the device once the trocar and cannula are inserted into the vein of a subject and the trocar is removed from the inserted cannula. The IV device may, for example, be inserted into a peripheral vein (e.g., in the hand or arm); the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava, or within the right atrium of the heart (e.g., a central IV); or into a subclavian, internal jugular, or a femoral vein and, for example, advanced toward the heart until it reaches the superior vena cava or right atrium (e.g., a central venous line). In an embodiment of the invention, an injection device is an autoinjector; a jet injector or an external infusion pump. A jet injector uses a high-pressure narrow jet of liquid which penetrate the epidermis to introduce the antibody or fragment or a pharmaceutical composition thereof to a patient's body. External infusion pumps are medical devices that deliver the antibody or fragment or a pharmaceutical composition thereof into a patient's body in controlled amounts. External infusion pumps may be powered electrically or mechanically. Different pumps operate in different ways, for example, a syringe pump holds fluid in the reservoir of a syringe, and a moveable piston controls fluid delivery, an elastomeric pump holds fluid in a stretchable balloon reservoir, and pressure from the elastic walls of the balloon drives fluid delivery. In a peristaltic pump, a set of rollers pinches down on a length of flexible tubing, pushing fluid forward. In a multi-channel pump, fluids can be delivered from multiple reservoirs at multiple rates.
  • The pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may also be administered with a needleless hypodermic injection device; such as the devices disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,620,135; 6,096,002; 5,399,163; 5,383,851; 5,312,335; 5,064,413; 4,941,880; 4,790,824 or 4,596,556. Such needleless devices comprising the pharmaceutical composition are also part of the present invention. The pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may also be administered by infusion. Examples of well-known implants and modules for administering the pharmaceutical compositions include those disclosed in: U.S. Pat. No. 4,487,603, which discloses an implantable micro-infusion pump for dispensing medication at a controlled rate; U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,233, which discloses a medication infusion pump for delivering medication at a precise infusion rate; U.S. Pat. No. 4,447,224, which discloses a variable flow implantable infusion apparatus for continuous drug delivery; U.S. Pat. No. 4,439,196, which discloses an osmotic drug delivery system having multi-chamber compartments. Many other such implants, delivery systems, and modules are well known to those skilled in the art and those comprising the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
  • Alternately, one may administer the anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention in a local rather than systemic manner, for example, via injection of the antibody or fragment directly into a tumor. Furthermore, one may administer the antibody or fragment in a targeted drug delivery system, for example, in a liposome coated with a tissue-specific antibody, targeting, for example, a tumor. The liposomes will be targeted to and taken up selectively by the afflicted tissue. Such methods and liposomes are part of the present invention.
  • The administration regimen depends on several factors, including the serum or tissue turnover rate of the therapeutic antibody or antigen-binding fragment, the level of symptoms, the immunogenicity of the therapeutic antibody, and the accessibility of the target cells in the biological matrix. Preferably, the administration regimen delivers sufficient therapeutic antibody or fragment to effect improvement in the target disease state, while simultaneously minimizing undesired side effects. Accordingly, the amount of biologic delivered depends in part on the particular therapeutic antibody and the severity of the condition being treated. Guidance in selecting appropriate doses of therapeutic antibodies or fragments is available (see, e.g., Wawrzynczak (1996) Antibody Therapy, Bios Scientific Pub. Ltd, Oxfordshire, UK; Kresina (ed.) (1991) Monoclonal Antibodies, Cytokines and Arthritis, Marcel Dekker, New York, N.Y.; Bach (ed.) (1993) Monoclonal Antibodies and Peptide Therapy in Autoimmune Diseases, Marcel Dekker, New York, N.Y.; Baert, et al. (2003) New Engl. J. Med. 348:601-608; Milgrom et al. (1999) New Engl. J. Med. 341:1966-1973; Slamon et al. (2001) New Engl. J. Med. 344:783-792; Beniaminovitz et al. (2000) New Engl. J. Med. 342:613-619; Ghosh et al. (2003) New Engl. J. Med. 348:24-32; Lipsky et al. (2000) New Engl. J. Med. 343:1594-1602).
  • Determination of the appropriate dose is made by the clinician, e.g., using parameters or factors known or suspected in the art to affect treatment. Generally, the dose begins with an amount somewhat less than the optimum dose and it is increased by small increments thereafter until the desired or optimum effect is achieved relative to any negative side effects. Important diagnostic measures include those of symptoms of, e.g., the inflammation or level of inflammatory cytokines produced. In general, it is desirable that a biologic that will be used is derived from the same species as the animal targeted for treatment, thereby minimizing any immune response to the reagent. In the case of human subjects, for example, humanized and fully human antibodies may be desirable.
  • Antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof disclosed herein may be provided by continuous infusion, or by doses administered, e.g., daily, 1-7 times per week, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, semiannually, annually etc. Doses may be provided, e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously, topically, orally, nasally, rectally, intramuscular, intracerebrally, intraspinally, or by inhalation. A total weekly dose is generally at least 0.05 μg/kg body weight, more generally at least 0.2 μg/kg, 0.5 μg/kg, 1 μg/kg, 10 μg/kg, 100 μg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 2.0 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/mL, 10 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg or more (see, e.g., Yang, et al. (2003) New Engl. J. Med. 349:427-434; Herold, et al. (2002) New Engl. J. Med. 346:1692-1698; Liu, et al. (1999) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych. 67: 451-456; Portielji, et al. (20003) Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 52: 151-144). Doses may also be provided to achieve a pre-determined target concentration of anti-SIRPα antibody in the subject's serum, such as 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 μg/mL or more. In other embodiments, An anti-SIRPα antibody of the present invention is administered, e.g., subcutaneously or intravenously, on a weekly, biweekly, “every 4 weeks,” monthly, bimonthly, or quarterly basis at 10, 20, 50, 80, 100, 200, 500, 1000 or 2500 mg/subject.
  • As used herein, the term “effective amount” refer to an amount of an anti-SIRPα or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention that, when administered alone or in combination with an additional therapeutic agent to a cell, tissue, or subject, is effective to cause a measurable improvement in one or more symptoms of disease, for example cancer or the progression of cancer. An effective dose further refers to that amount of the antibody or fragment sufficient to result in at least partial amelioration of symptoms, e.g., tumor shrinkage or elimination, lack of tumor growth, increased survival time. When applied to an individual active ingredient administered alone, an effective dose refers to that ingredient alone. When applied to a combination, an effective dose refers to combined amounts of the active ingredients that result in the therapeutic effect, whether administered in combination, serially or simultaneously. An effective amount of a therapeutic will result in an improvement of a diagnostic measure or parameter by at least 10%; usually by at least 20%; preferably at least about 30%; more preferably at least 40%, and most preferably by at least 50%. An effective amount can also result in an improvement in a subjective measure in cases where subjective measures are used to assess disease severity.
    • Kits
  • Further provided are kits comprising one or more components that include, but are not limited to, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment, as discussed herein in association with one or more additional components including, but not limited to a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or a therapeutic agent, as discussed herein. The antibody or fragment and/or the therapeutic agent can be formulated as a pure composition or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, in a pharmaceutical composition.
  • In one embodiment, the kit includes an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof in one container (e.g., in a sterile glass or plastic vial) and/or a therapeutic agent and a pharmaceutical composition thereof in another container (e.g., in a sterile glass or plastic vial).
  • In another embodiment, the kit comprises a combination of the invention, including an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention along with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, optionally in combination with one or more therapeutic agents formulated together, optionally, in a pharmaceutical composition, in a single, common container.
  • If the kit includes a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration to a subject, the kit can include a device for performing such administration. For example, the kit can include one or more hypodermic needles or other injection devices as discussed above.
  • The kit can include a package insert including information concerning the pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms in the kit. Generally, such information aids patients and physicians in using the enclosed pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms effectively and safely. For example, the following information regarding a combination of the invention may be supplied in the insert: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical studies, efficacy parameters, indications and usage, contraindications, warnings, precautions, adverse reactions, overdosage, proper dosage and administration, how supplied, proper storage conditions, references, manufacturer/distributor information and patent information.
  • The kit can also comprise a second therapeutic, for example one or more of: anti-CD47 antibody, anti-APRIL antibody, anti-PD-1 antibody (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab, anti-PDL1 antibody, anti-TIGIT antibody, anti-CTLA4 antibody, anti-CS1 antibody (e.g., elotuzumab), anti-KIR2DL1/2/3 antibody (e.g., lirilumab), anti-CD137 antibody (e.g., urelumab), anti-GITR antibody (e.g., TRX518), anti-PD-L1 antibody (e.g., BMS-936559, MSB0010718C or MPDL3280A), anti-PD-L2 antibody, anti-ILT1 antibody, anti-ILT2 antibody, anti-ILT3 antibody, anti-ILT4 antibody, anti-ILT5 antibody, anti-ILT6 antibody, anti-ILT7 antibody, anti-ILT8 antibody, anti-CD40 antibody, anti-OX40 antibody, anti-ICOS, anti-KIR2DL1 antibody, anti-KIR2DL2/3 antibody, anti-KIR2DL4 antibody, anti-KIR2DL5A antibody, anti-KIR2DL5B antibody, anti-KIR3DL1 antibody, anti-KIR3DL2 antibody, anti-KIR3DL3 antibody, anti-NKG2A antibody, anti-NKG2C antibody, anti-NKG2E antibody, anti-4-1BB antibody (e.g., PF-05082566), anti-TSLP antibody, anti-IL-10 antibody, IL-10 or PEGylated IL-10, or any small organic molecule inhibitor of such targets; an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof binds to an antigen selected from the group consisting of AMHR2, AXL, BCMA, CA IX, CD4, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD52, CD98, CSF1R, GD2, CCR4, CS1, EpCam, EGFR, EGFRvIII, Endoglin, EPHA2, EphA3, FGFR2b, folate receptor alpha, fucosyl-GM1, HER2, HERS, IL1RAP, kappa myeloma antigen, MS4A1, prolactin receptor, TA-MUC1, and PSMA; Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, ADCT-502, Hu14.18K322A, Hu3F8, Dinituximab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, Rituximab-RLI, c.60C3-RLI, Hu14.18-IL2, KM2812, AFM13, and (CD20)2xCD16, erlotinib (Tarceva), daratumumab, alemtuzumab, pertuzumab, brentuximab, elotuzumab, ibritumomab, ifabotuzumab, farletuzumab, otlertuzumab, carotuximab, epratuzumab, inebilizumab, lumretuzumab, 4G7SDIE, AFM21, AFM22, LY-3022855, SNDX-6352, AFM-13, BI-836826, BMS-986012, BVX-20, mogamulizumab, ChiLob-7/4, leukotuximab, isatuximab, DS-8895, FPA144, GM102, GSK-2857916, IGN523, IT1208, ADC-1013, CAN-04, XOMA-213, PankoMab-GEX, chKM-4927, IGN003, IGN004, IGN005, MDX-1097, MOR202, MOR-208, oportuzumab, ensituximab, vedotin (Adcetris), ibritumomab tiuxetan, ABBV-838, HuMax-AXL-ADC, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla); radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic agents including, but not limited to Anthracyclines (Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Daunorubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone), Oxaliplatin, Bortezomib, Cyclophosphamide, Bleomycin, Vorinostat, Paclitaxel, 5-Fluorouracil, Cytarabine, Prednisolone, Docetaxel, Mitomycin C, Topotecan/Camptothecin, Etoposide, Zoledronic acid, Methotrexate, Ibrutinib, Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, Toremifene, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Idelalisib, Mercaptopurine, Thalidomide, Sorafenib; a cyclic dinculeotide or other STING pathway agonist; etc.
    • Detection Kits and Therapeutic Kits
  • As a matter of convenience, an anti-SIRPα antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention can be provided in a kit, i.e., a packaged combination of reagents in predetermined amounts with instructions for performing the diagnostic or detection assay. Where the antibody or fragment is labeled with an enzyme, the kit will include substrates and cofactors required by the enzyme (e.g., a substrate precursor which provides the detectable chromophore or fluorophore). In addition, other additives may be included such as stabilizers, buffers (e.g., a block buffer or lysis buffer) and the like. The relative amounts of the various reagents may be varied widely to provide for concentrations in solution of the reagents which substantially optimize the sensitivity of the assay. Particularly, the reagents may be provided as dry powders, usually lyophilized, including excipients which on dissolution will provide a reagent solution having the appropriate concentration.
  • Also provided are diagnostic or detection reagents and kits comprising one or more such reagents for use in a variety of detection assays, including for example, immunoassays such as ELISA (sandwich-type or competitive format). The kit's components may be pre-attached to a solid support, or may be applied to the surface of a solid support when the kit is used. In some embodiments of the invention, the signal generating means may come pre-associated with an antibody or fragment of the invention or may require combination with one or more components, e.g., buffers, antibody-enzyme conjugates, enzyme substrates, or the like, prior to use. Kits may also include additional reagents, e.g., blocking reagents for reducing nonspecific binding to the solid phase surface, washing reagents, enzyme substrates, and the like. The solid phase surface may be in the form of a tube, a bead, a microtiter plate, a microsphere, or other materials suitable for immobilizing proteins, peptides, or polypeptides. In particular aspects, an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a chemilluminescent or chromogenic product or the reduction of a chemilluminescent or chromogenic substrate is a component of the signal generating means. Such enzymes are well known in the art. Kits may comprise any of the capture agents and detection reagents described herein. Optionally the kit may also comprise instructions for carrying out the methods of the invention.
  • Also provided is a kit comprising an anti-SIRPα antibody (e.g., humanized antibody) or antigen-binding fragment thereof packaged in a container, such as a vial or bottle, and further comprising a label attached to or packaged with the container, the label describing the contents of the container and providing indications and/or instructions regarding use of the contents of the container to treat one or more disease states as described herein.
  • In one aspect, the kit is for treating cancer and comprises an anti-SIRPα antibody (e.g., humanized antibody) or antigen-binding fragment thereof and a further therapeutic agent or a vaccine. The kit may optionally further include a syringe for parenteral, e.g., intravenous, administration. In another aspect, the kit comprises an anti-SIRPα antibody (e.g., humanized antibody) or antigen-binding fragment thereof and a label attached to or packaged with the container describing use of the antibody or fragment with the vaccine or further therapeutic agent. In yet another aspect, the kit comprises the vaccine or further therapeutic agent and a label attached to or packaged with the container describing use of the vaccine or further therapeutic agent with the anti-SIRPα antibody or fragment. In certain embodiments, an anti-SIRPα antibody and vaccine or further therapeutic agent are in separate vials or are combined together in the same pharmaceutical composition.
  • As discussed above in the combination therapy section, concurrent administration of two therapeutic agents does not require that the agents be administered at the same time or by the same route, as long as there is an overlap in the time period during which the agents are exerting their therapeutic effect. Simultaneous or sequential administration is contemplated, as is administration on different days or weeks.
  • The therapeutic and detection kits disclosed herein may also be prepared that comprise at least one of the antibody, peptide, antigen-binding fragment, or polynucleotide disclosed herein and instructions for using the composition as a detection reagent or therapeutic agent. Containers for use in such kits may typically comprise at least one vial, test tube, flask, bottle, syringe or other suitable container, into which one or more of the detection and/or therapeutic composition(s) may be placed, and preferably suitably aliquoted. Where a second therapeutic agent is also provided, the kit may also contain a second distinct container into which this second detection and/or therapeutic composition may be placed. Alternatively, a plurality of compounds may be prepared in a single pharmaceutical composition, and may be packaged in a single container means, such as a vial, flask, syringe, bottle, or other suitable single container. The kits disclosed herein will also typically include a means for containing the vial(s) in close confinement for commercial sale, such as, e.g., injection or blow-molded plastic containers into which the desired vial(s) are retained. Where a radiolabel, chromogenic, fluorigenic, or other type of detectable label or detecting means is included within the kit, the labeling agent may be provided either in the same container as the detection or therapeutic composition itself, or may alternatively be placed in a second distinct container means into which this second composition may be placed and suitably aliquoted. Alternatively, the detection reagent and the label may be prepared in a single container means, and in most cases, the kit will also typically include a means for containing the vial(s) in close confinement for commercial sale and/or convenient packaging and delivery.
  • A device or apparatus for carrying out the detection or monitoring methods described herein is also provided. Such an apparatus may include a chamber or tube into which sample can be input, a fluid handling system optionally including valves or pumps to direct flow of the sample through the device, optionally filters to separate plasma or serum from blood, mixing chambers for the addition of capture agents or detection reagents, and optionally a detection device for detecting the amount of detectable label bound to the capture agent immunocomplex. The flow of sample may be passive (e.g., by capillary, hydrostatic, or other forces that do not require further manipulation of the device once sample is applied) or active (e.g., by application of force generated via mechanical pumps, electroosmotic pumps, centrifugal force, or increased air pressure), or by a combination of active and passive forces.
  • In further embodiments, also provided is a processor, a computer readable memory, and a routine stored on the computer readable memory and adapted to be executed on the processor to perform any of the methods described herein. Examples of suitable computing systems, environments, and/or configurations include personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, or any other systems known in the art.
    • Preferred Embodiments
  • Embodiment 1. An antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRPα, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises one or more, and optionally each, of:
      • a. a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:69 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
      • b. a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:70 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
      • c. a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:71 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
      • d. a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:72 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
      • e. a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:73 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions, and
      • f. a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:74 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions.
        or wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises one or more, and optionally each, of:
      • g. a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
      • h. a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
      • i. a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
      • j. a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
      • k. a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions, and
      • l. a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions.
  • Embodiment 2. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 1, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises
      • each of a heavy chain sequence comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:69 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 69 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions; the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:70 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 70 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions; and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 71 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 71 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions;
        and/or
      • each of a light chain sequence comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 72 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions; the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 73 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 73 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions; and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 74 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions;
        or wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises
      • each of a heavy chain sequence comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions; the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions; and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions;
        and/or
      • each of a light chain sequence comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions; the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions; and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions.
  • Embodiment 3. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 2, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises one or both of:
      • a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
        • SEQ ID NO: 75 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 78 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 80 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 82 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 84 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 86 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 88 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto, and
        • SEQ ID NO: 102 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto;
          and
      • a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
        • SEQ ID NO: 76 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 90 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 92 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 94 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 96 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 98 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 100 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto, and
        • SEQ ID NO: 104 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto;
          or wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises one or both of:
      • a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
        • SEQ ID NO: 7 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 10 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 12 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 14 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 16 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 18 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto, and
        • SEQ ID NO: 30 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto;
          and
      • a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
        • SEQ ID NO: 8 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 20 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 22 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 24 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
        • SEQ ID NO: 26 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto, and
        • SEQ ID NO: 28 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto, and
        • SEQ ID NO: 32 or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 4. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 3, wherein the antibody or fragment thereof has the following characteristics:
      • binds to a cell expressing human SIRPαV1 protein with an EC50<10 nM, preferably <5 nM, more preferably <1.5 nM, still more preferably <1.0 nM, even more preferably <0.5 nM, and most preferably about 0.3nM or less;
  • binds to a cell expressing human SIRPαV2 protein with an EC50<10 nM, preferably <5 nM, more preferably <1.5 nM, still more preferably <1.0 nM, even more preferably <0.5 nM, and most preferably about 0.3 nM or less;
      • does not appreciably bind to SIRPβ1 protein at an antibody concentration of 50 nM, preferably 67 nM, and more preferably 100 nM; or alternatively at a concentration that is 10-fold greater, preferably 50-fold greater, more preferably 100-fold greater, and still more preferably 200-fold greater than the antibody's EC50 for SIRPαV1 or SIRPαV2;
      • inhibits binding between human SIRPα and CD47 with an IC50<10.0 nM, more preferably <5.0 nM, still more preferably <2.5 nM, and most preferably about 1.0 nM or less; and
      • exhibits a T20 “humanness” score of at least 79, and more preferably 85.
  • Embodiment 5. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 1, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof comprises one of the following combinations of heavy chain sequence/light chain sequence:
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 90,
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 92,
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 94,
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 96,
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 98,
    • SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 100,
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 90,
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 92,
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 94,
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 96,
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 98,
    • SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 100,
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 90,
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 92,
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 94,
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 96,
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 98,
    • SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 100,
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 90,
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 92,
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 94,
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 96,
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 98,
    • SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 100,
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 90,
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 92,
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 94,
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 96,
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 98,
    • SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 100,
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 90,
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 92,
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 94,
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 96,
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 98,
    • SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 100,
    • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 20,
    • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 22,
    • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 24,
    • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 26,
    • SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 28,
    • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 20,
    • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 22,
    • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 24,
    • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 26,
    • SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 28,
    • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 20,
    • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 22,
    • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 24,
    • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 26,
    • SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 28,
    • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 20,
    • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 22,
    • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 24,
    • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 26,
    • SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 28,
    • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 20,
    • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 22,
    • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 24,
    • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 26,
    • SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 28,
      or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID.
  • Embodiment 6. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 1-5, wherein the antibody is an intact IgG.
  • Embodiment 7. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 1-6, wherein the antibody comprises a wild-type or mutated IgG2 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 8. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 1-6, wherein the antibody comprises a mutated IgG1 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 9. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 1-6, wherein the antibody comprises a mutated IgG4 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 10. An antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to the same epitope of human SIRPα as an antibody as an antibody according to embodiment 5.
  • Embodiment 11. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-10, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment is humanized.
  • Embodiment 12. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 10 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 20.
  • Embodiment 13. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 16 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 28.
  • Embodiment 14. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 18 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 20.
  • Embodiment 15. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 90.
  • Embodiment 16. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 92.
  • Embodiment 17. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 1-11 that is a humanized antibody that comprises two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 80 and each light chain comprises SEQ ID NO: 95.
  • Embodiment 18. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of embodiments 1-17 that comprises a glycosylation pattern characteristic of expression by a mammalian cell, and optionally is glycosylated by expression from a CHO cell.
  • Embodiment 19. An isolated polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 75, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 76, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 30, 8, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 32, or an amino acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 20. An isolated nucleic acid encoding any one of the antibodies or antigen binding fragments of embodiments 1-18, or any one of the polypeptides of embodiment 19.
  • Embodiment 21. An isolated nucleic acid of embodiment 20 comprising:
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 83 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 85 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 87 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 101 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 89 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 95 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 97 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 99 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 103 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto,
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto, and/or
      • a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31 or a nucleic acid sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 22. An expression vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid of embodiment 20 or 21.
  • Embodiment 23. An expression vector of embodiment 22, encoding both a heavy chain sequence and a light chain sequence of an anti-SIRPα antibody, the expression vectors comprising the following a first nucleic acid sequence/second nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 89,
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 91,
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 93,
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 95,
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 97,
    • SEQ ID NO: 77/SEQ ID NO: 99,
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 89,
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 91,
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 93,
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 95,
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 97,
    • SEQ ID NO: 79/SEQ ID NO: 99,
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 89,
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 91,
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 93,
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 95,
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 97,
    • SEQ ID NO: 81/SEQ ID NO: 99,
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 89,
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 91,
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 93,
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 95,
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 97,
    • SEQ ID NO: 83/SEQ ID NO: 99,
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 89,
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 91,
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 93,
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 95,
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 97,
    • SEQ ID NO: 85/SEQ ID NO: 99,
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 89,
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 91,
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 93,
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 95,
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 97,
    • SEQ ID NO: 87/SEQ ID NO: 99,
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 19,
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 21,
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 23,
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 25,
    • SEQ ID NO: 9/SEQ ID NO: 27,
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 19,
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 21,
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 23,
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 25,
    • SEQ ID NO: 11/SEQ ID NO: 27,
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 19,
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 21,
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 23,
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 25,
    • SEQ ID NO: 13/SEQ ID NO: 27,
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 19,
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 21,
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 23,
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 25,
    • SEQ ID NO: 15/SEQ ID NO: 27,
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 19,
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 21,
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 23,
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 25, and
    • SEQ ID NO: 17/SEQ ID NO: 27,
      or, in each case, at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical to a respective SEQ ID NO.
  • Embodiment 24. A host cell comprising expression vector of embodiment 22 or 23.
  • Embodiment 25. A host cell of embodiment 24 which produces a full length anti-SIRPα antibody.
  • Embodiment 26. The host cell of one of embodiments 24 or 25, which is a bacterial cell, a human cell, a mammalian cell, a Pichia cell, a plant cell, an HEK293 cell, or a Chinese hamster ovary cell.
  • Embodiment 27. A composition comprising the antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of embodiments 1-18 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • Embodiment 28. The composition of embodiment 27, further comprising a second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that induces ADCC and/or ADCP, wherein said antibody or antigen binding fragment of the invention enhances the antibody-mediated destruction of cells by the second antibody.
  • Embodiment 29. The composition according to embodiment 28, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof binds to an antigen selected from the group consisting of AMHR2, AXL, BCMA, CA IX, CD4, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD52, CD98, CSF1R, GD2, CCR4, CS1, EpCam, EGFR, EGFRvIII, Endoglin, EPHA2, EphA3, FGFR2b, folate receptor alpha, fucosyl-GM1, HER2, HERS, IL1RAP, kappa myeloma antigen, MS4A1, prolactin receptor, TA-MUC1, and PSMA.
  • Embodiment 30. The composition according to embodiment 29, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, ADCT-502, Hu14.18K322A, Hu3F8, Dinituximab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, Rituximab-RLI, c.60C3-RLI, Hu14.18-IL2, KM2812, AFM13, (CD20)2xCD16, erlotinib (Tarceva), daratumumab, alemtuzumab, pertuzumab, brentuximab, elotuzumab, ibritumomab, ifabotuzumab, farletuzumab, otlertuzumab, carotuximab, epratuzumab, inebilizumab, lumretuzumab, 4G7SDIE, AFM21, AFM22, LY-3022855, SNDX-6352, AFM-13, BI-836826, BMS-986012, BVX-20, mogamulizumab, ChiLob-7/4, leukotuximab, isatuximab, DS-8895, FPA144, GM102, GSK-2857916, IGN523, IT1208, ADC-1013, CAN-04, XOMA-213, PankoMab-GEX, chKM-4927, IGN003, IGN004, IGN005, MDX-1097, MOR202, MOR-208, oportuzumab, ensituximab, vedotin (Adcetris), ibritumomab tiuxetan, ABBV-838, HuMax-AXL-ADC, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla).
  • Embodiment 31. The composition according to embodiment 28, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof induces ADCP.
  • Embodiment 32. The composition according to embodiment 31, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, alemtuzumab, ibritumomab, farletuzumab, inebilizumab, lumretuzumab, 4G7SDIE, BMS-986012, BVX-20, mogamulizumab, ChiLob-7/4, GM102, GSK-2857916, PankoMab-GEX, chKM-4927, MDX-1097, MOR202, and MOR-208.
  • Embodiment 33. The composition of embodiment 27, further comprising one or more agents selected from the group consisting of anti-CD27 antibody, anti-CD47 antibody, anti-APRIL antibody, anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, anti-TIGIT antibody, anti-CTLA4 antibody, anti-CS1 antibody, anti-KIR2DL1/2/3 antibody, anti-CD137 antibody, anti-GITR antibody, anti-PD-L2 antibody, anti-ILT1 antibody, anti-ILT2 antibody, anti-ILT3 antibody, anti-ILT4 antibody, anti-ILT5 antibody, anti-ILT6 antibody, anti-ILT7 antibody, anti-ILT8 antibody, anti-CD40 antibody, anti-OX40 antibody, anti-ICOS, anti-KIR2DL1 antibody, anti-KIR2DL2/3 antibody, anti-KIR2DL4 antibody, anti-KIR2DL5A antibody, anti-KIR2DL5B antibody, anti-KIR3DL1 antibody, anti-KIR3DL2 antibody, anti-KIR3DL3 antibody, anti-NKG2A antibody, anti-NKG2C antibody, anti-NKG2E antibody, anti-4-1BB antibody, anti-TSLP antibody, anti-IL-10 antibody, IL-10 PEGylated IL-10, an agonist (e.g., an agonistic antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, or a soluble fusion) of a TNF receptor protein, an Immunoglobulin-like protein, a cytokine receptor, an integrin, a signaling lymphocytic activation molecules (SLAM proteins), an activating NK cell receptor, a Toll like receptor, OX40, CD2, CD7, CD27, CD28, CD30, CD40, ICAM-1, LFA-1 (CD1 1a/CD18), 4-1BB (CD137), B7-H3, ICOS (CD278), GITR, BAFFR, LIGHT, HVEM (LIGHTR), KIRDS2, SLAMF7, NKp80 (KLRF1), NKp44, NKp30, NKp46, CD19, CD4, CD8alpha, CD8beta, IL2R beta, IL2R gamma, IL7R alpha, ITGA4, VLA1, CD49a, ITGA4, IA4, CD49D, ITGA6, VLA-6, CD49f, ITGAD, CD1 1d, ITGAE, CD103, ITGAL, ITGAM, CD1 lb, ITGAX, CD1 lc, ITGB1, CD29, ITGB2, CD18, ITGB7, NKG2D, NKG2C, TNFR2, TRANCE/RANKL, DNAM1 (CD226), SLAMF4 (CD244, 2B4), CD84, CD96 (Tactile), CEACAM1, CRTAM, Ly9 (CD229), CD160 (BY55), PSGL1, CD100 (SEMA4D), CD69, SLAMF6 (NTB-A, Ly108), SLAM (SLAMF1, CD150, IPO-3), SLAM7, BLAME (SLAMF8), SELPLG (CD162), LTBR, LAT, GADS, PAG/Cbp, CD19a, a ligand that specifically binds with CD83, inhibitor of CD47, an inhibitor of PD-1, an an inhibitor of PD-L1, an inhibitor of PD-L2, an inhibitor of CTLA4, an inhibitor of TIM3, an inhibitor of LAGS, an inhibitor of CEACAM (e.g., CEACAM-1, -3 and/or -5), an inhibitor of VISTA, an inhibitor of BTLA, an inhibitor of TIGIT, an inhibitor of LAIR1, an inhibitor of IDO, an inhibitor of TDO, an inhibitor of CD160 an inhibitor of TGFR beta, and a cyclic dinculeotide or other STING pathway agonist.
  • Embodiment 34. A method of producing an antibody or antigen binding fragment comprising:
      • culturing a host cell comprising a polynucleotide encoding the heavy chain and/or the light chain of any one of the antibodies or antigen binding fragments of embodiments 1-18 under conditions favorable to expression of the polynucleotide; and optionally, recovering the antibody or antigen binding fragment from the host cell and/or culture medium.
  • Embodiment 35. A method for detecting the presence of a SIRPα peptide or a fragment thereof in a sample comprising contacting the sample with an antibody or fragment of any of embodiments 1-18 and detecting the presence of a complex between the antibody or fragment and the peptide; wherein detection of the complex indicates the presence of the SIRPα peptide.
  • Embodiment 36. An antibody or antigen binding fragment according to any one of embodiments 1-18 or a composition according to any one of embodiments 21-25, for the treatment of cancer or an infectious disease.
  • Embodiment 37. An antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiments 1-18 or a composition according to any one of embodiments 27-33 for decreasing SIRPα/CD47 signalling in a human subject.
  • Embodiment 38. A method of treating cancer in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of embodiments 1-18, or an expression vector according to one of embodiments 22 or 23, or a host cell according to one of embodiments 24-26, or a composition according one of embodiments 27-33, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • Embodiment 39. A method of treating cancer in a human subject, comprising: administering to the subject an effective amount of
    • (i) an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that induces ADCC and/or ADCP; and
    • (ii) an antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of embodiments 1-18, or an expression vector according to one of embodiments 22 or 23, or a host cell according to one of embodiments 24-26, or a composition according one of embodiments 27-33, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure,
    • wherein the administration of (ii) enhances the antibody-mediated destruction of cells by the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that induces ADCC and/or ADCP.
  • Embodiment 40. The method according to embodiment 39, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that induces ADCC and/or ADCP binds to an antigen selected from the group consisting of AMHR2, AXL, BCMA, CA IX, CD4, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD30, CD37, CD38, CD40, CD52, CD98, CSF1R, GD2, CCR4, CS1, EpCam, EGFR, EGFRvIII, Endoglin, EPHA2, EphA3, FGFR2b, folate receptor alpha, fucosyl-GM1, HER2, HERS, IL1RAP, kappa myeloma antigen, MS4A1, prolactin receptor, TA-MUC1, and PSMA.
  • Embodiment 41. The method according to embodiment 40, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that induces ADCC and/or ADCP is selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, ADCT-502, Hu14.18K322A, Hu3F8, Dinituximab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, Rituximab-RLI, c.60C3-RLI, Hu14.18-IL2, KM2812, AFM13, (CD20)2xCD16, erlotinib (Tarceva), daratumumab, alemtuzumab, pertuzumab, brentuximab, elotuzumab, ibritumomab, ifabotuzumab, farletuzumab, otlertuzumab, carotuximab, epratuzumab, inebilizumab, lumretuzumab, 4G7SDIE, AFM21, AFM22, LY-3022855, SNDX-6352, AFM-13, BI-836826, BMS-986012, BVX-20, mogamulizumab, ChiLob-7/4, leukotuximab, isatuximab, DS-8895, FPA144, GM102, GSK-2857916, IGN523, IT1208, ADC-1013, CAN-04, XOMA-213, PankoMab-GEX, chKM-4927, IGN003, IGN004, IGN005, MDX-1097, MOR202, MOR-208, oportuzumab, ensituximab, vedotin (Adcetris), ibritumomab tiuxetan, ABBV-838, HuMax-AXL-ADC, and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla).
  • Embodiment 42. The method according to embodiment 39 or 40, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof induces ADCP.
  • Embodiment 43. The method according to embodiment 42, wherein the second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is selected from the group consisting of Rituximab, ublituximab, margetuximab, IMGN-529, SCT400, veltuzumab, Obinutuzumab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, alemtuzumab, ibritumomab, farletuzumab, inebilizumab, lumretuzumab, 4G7SDIE, BMS-986012, BVX-20, mogamulizumab, ChiLob-7/4, GM102, GSK-2857916, PankoMab-GEX, chKM-4927, MDX-1097, MOR202, and MOR-208.
  • Embodiment 44. A method of treating an infection or infectious disease in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of embodiments 1-18, or an expression vector according to one of embodiments 22 or 23, or a host cell according to one of embodiments 24-26, or a composition according one of embodiments 27-33, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • Embodiment 45. An antibody having one or more of the following characteristics:
      • binds human SIRPαV1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 with an EC50 <1 nM; exhibits at least a 100-fold higher EC50 for SIRPαV1(P74A) having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62; and exhibits at least a 100-fold higher EC50 for human SIRPβ1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, preferably when measured by cellular ELISA;
      • binds to a cell expressing human SIRPαV1 protein with an EC50<10 nM, preferably <5 nM, more preferably <1.5 nM, still more preferably <1.0 nM, even more preferably <0.5 nM, and most preferably about 0.3 nM or less;
      • binds to a cell expressing human SIRPαV2 protein with an EC50<10 nM, preferably <5 nM, more preferably <1.5 nM, still more preferably <1.0 nM, even more preferably <0.5 nM, and most preferably about 0.3nM or less;
  • does not appreciably bind to SIRPβ1 protein at an antibody concentration of 50 nM, preferably 67 nM, and more preferably 100 nM; or alternatively at a concentration that is 10-fold greater, preferably 50-fold greater, more preferably 100-fold greater, and still more preferably 200-fold greater than the antibody's EC50 for SIRPαV1 or SIRPαV2;
      • inhibits binding between human SIRPα and CD47 with an IC50<10.0 nM, more preferably <5.0 nM, still more preferably <2.5 nM, and most preferably about 1.0 nM or less; and
      • exhibits a T20 “humanness” score of at least 79, and more preferably 85.
  • Embodiment 46. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 that binds human SIRPαV1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 with an EC50<1 nM; exhibits at least a 100-fold higher EC50 for SIRPαV1(P74A) having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62; and exhibits at least a 100-fold higher EC50 for human SIRPβ1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38.
  • Embodiment 47. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 20 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 10 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 48. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 28 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 16 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 49. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 20 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 18 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 50. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 90 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 80 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 51. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 92 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 80 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 52. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of embodiment 45 or 46 that comprises one or two light chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 96 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto and and one or two heavy chains comprising SEQ ID NO: 80 or a sequence at least 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identical thereto.
  • Embodiment 53. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 45-52, wherein the antibody is an intact IgG.
  • Embodiment 54. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 45-52, wherein the antibody comprises a wild-type or mutated IgG2 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 55. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 45-52, wherein the antibody comprises a mutated IgG1 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 56. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of one of embodiments 45-52, wherein the antibody comprises a mutated IgG4 Fc region.
  • Embodiment 57. An antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to the same epitope of human SIRPα as an antibody as an antibody according to one of embodiments 45-52.
  • Embodiment 58. The antibody or antigen binding fragment of any of embodiments 45-52, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment is humanized.
  • Embodiment 59. A composition comprising the antibody or antigen binding fragment of any one of embodiments 45-52 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • Embodiment 60. An antibody or antigen binding fragment according to any one of embodiments 45-52 or a composition according to embodiment 59, for the treatment of cancer or an infectious disease.
  • Embodiment 61. An antibody or antigen binding fragment according to any one of embodiments 45-52 or a composition according to embodiment 59 for decreasing SIRPα/CD47 signalling in a human subject.
  • Embodiment 62. A method of treating cancer in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment according to any one of embodiments 45-52 or a composition according to embodiment 59, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
  • Embodiment 63. A method of treating an infection or infectious disease in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment according to any one of embodiments 45-52 or a composition according to embodiment 59, optionally in association with a further therapeutic agent or therapeutic procedure.
    • General Methods
  • Standard methods in molecular biology are described Sambrook, Fritsch and Maniatis (1982 & 1989 2nd Edition, 2001 3rd Edition) Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; Sambrook and Russell (2001) Molecular Cloning, 3rd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; Wu (1993) Recombinant DNA, Vol. 217, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.). Standard methods also appear in Ausbel, et al. (2001) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Vols. 1-4, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, N.Y., which describes cloning in bacterial cells and DNA mutagenesis (Vol. 1), cloning in mammalian cells and yeast (Vol. 2), glycoconjugates and protein expression (Vol. 3), and bioinformatics (Vol. 4).
  • Methods for protein purification including immunoprecipitation, chromatography, electrophoresis, centrifugation, and crystallization are described (Coligan, et al. (2000) Current Protocols in Protein Science, Vol. 1, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York). Chemical analysis, chemical modification, post-translational modification, production of fusion proteins, glycosylation of proteins are described (see, e.g., Coligan, et al. (2000) Current Protocols in Protein Science, Vol. 2, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York; Ausubel, et al. (2001) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Vol. 3, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., NY, N.Y., pp. 16.0.5-16.22.17; Sigma-Aldrich, Co. (2001) Products for Life Science Research, St. Louis, Mo.; pp. 45-89; Amersham Pharmacia Biotech (2001) BioDirectory, Piscataway, N.J., pp. 384-391). Production, purification, and fragmentation of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are described (Coligan, et al. (2001) Current Protcols in Immunology, Vol. 1, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York; Harlow and Lane (1999) Using Antibodies, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; Harlow and Lane, supra). Standard techniques for characterizing ligand/receptor interactions are available (see, e.g., Coligan, et al. (2001) Current Protocols in Immunology, Vol. 4, John Wiley, Inc., New York).
  • Monoclonal, polyclonal, and humanized antibodies can be prepared (see, e.g., Sheperd and Dean (eds.) (2000) Monoclonal Antibodies, Oxford Univ. Press, New York, N.Y.; Kontermann and Dubel (eds.) (2001) Antibody Engineering, Springer-Verlag, New York; Harlow and Lane (1988) Antibodies A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., pp. 139-243; Carpenter, et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 165:6205; He, et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 160:1029; Tang et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:27371-27378; Baca et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:10678-10684; Chothia et al. (1989) Nature 342:877-883; Foote and Winter (1992) J. Mol. Biol. 224:487-499; U.S. Pat. No. 6,329,511).
  • An alternative to humanization is to use human antibody libraries displayed on phage or human antibody libraries in transgenic mice (Vaughan et al. (1996) Nature Biotechnol. 14:309-314; Barbas (1995) Nature Medicine 1:837-839; Mendez et al. (1997) Nature Genetics 15:146-156; Hoogenboom and Chames (2000) Immunol. Today 21:371-377; Barbas et al. (2001) Phage Display: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; Kay et al. (1996) Phage Display of Peptides and Proteins: A Laboratory Manual, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.; de Bruin et al. (1999) Nature Biotechnol. 17:397-399).
  • Single chain antibodies and diabodies are described (see, e.g., Malecki et al. (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:213-218; Conrath et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:7346-7350; Desmyter et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:26285-26290; Hudson and Kortt (1999) J. Immunol. Methods 231:177-189; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,778). Bifunctional antibodies are provided (see, e.g., Mack, et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:7021-7025; Carter (2001) J. Immunol. Methods 248:7-15; Volkel, et al. (2001) Protein Engineering 14:815-823; Segal, et al. (2001) J. Immunol. Methods 248:1-6; Brennan, et al. (1985) Science 229:81-83; Raso, et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:27623; Morrison (1985) Science 229:1202-1207; Traunecker, et al. (1991) EMBO J. 10:3655-3659; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,932,448, 5,532,210, and 6,129,914).
  • Bispecific antibodies are also provided (see, e.g., Azzoni et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 161:3493; Kita et al. (1999) J. Immunol. 162:6901; Merchant et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 74:9115; Pandey et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:38633; Zheng et al. (2001) J. Biol Chem. 276:12999; Propst et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 165:2214; Long (1999) Ann. Rev. Immunol. 17:875). Purification of antigen is not necessary for the generation of antibodies. Animals can be immunized with cells bearing the antigen of interest. Splenocytes can then be isolated from the immunized animals, and the splenocytes can fused with a myeloma cell line to produce a hybridoma (see, e.g., Meyaard et al. (1997) Immunity 7:283-290; Wright et al. (2000) Immunity 13:233-242; Preston et al., supra; Kaithamana et al. (1999) J. Immunol. 163:5157-5164).
  • Antibodies can be conjugated, e.g., to small drug molecules, enzymes, liposomes, polyethylene glycol (PEG). Antibodies are useful for therapeutic, diagnostic, kit or other purposes, and include antibodies coupled, e.g., to dyes, radioisotopes, enzymes, or metals, e.g., colloidal gold (see, e.g., Le Doussal et al. (1991) J. Immunol. 146:169-175; Gibellini et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 160:3891-3898; Hsing and Bishop (1999) J. Immunol. 162:2804-2811; Everts et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:883-889).
  • Methods for flow cytometry, including fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), are available (see, e.g., Owens, et al. (1994) Flow Cytometry Principles for Clinical Laboratory Practice, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, N.J.; Givan (2001) Flow Cytometry, 2nd ed.; Wiley-Liss, Hoboken, N.J.; Shapiro (2003) Practical Flow Cytometry, John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, N.J.). Fluorescent reagents suitable for modifying nucleic acids, including nucleic acid primers and probes, polypeptides, and antibodies, for use, e.g., as diagnostic reagents, are available (Molecular Probes (2003) Catalogue, Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, Oreg.; Sigma-Aldrich (2003) Catalogue, St. Louis, Mo.).
  • Standard methods of histology of the immune system are described (see, e.g., Muller-Harmelink (ed.) (1986) Human Thymus: Histopathology and Pathology, Springer Verlag, New York, N.Y.; Hiatt, et al. (2000) Color Atlas of Histology, Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, Phila, Pa.; Louis, et al. (2002) Basic Histology: Text and Atlas, McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.).
  • Software packages and databases for determining, e.g., antigenic fragments, leader sequences, protein folding, functional domains, glycosylation sites, and sequence alignments, are available (see, e.g., GenBank, Vector NTI® Suite (Informax, Inc, Bethesda, Md.); GCG Wisconsin Package (Accelrys, Inc., San Diego, Calif.); DeCypher® (TimeLogic Corp., Crystal Bay, Nev.); Menne, et al. (2000) Bioinformatics 16: 741-742; Menne, et al. (2000) Bioinformatics Applications Note 16:741-742; Wren, et al. (2002) Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 68:177-181; von Heijne (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 133:17-21; von Heijne (1986) Nucleic Acids Res. 14:4683-4690).
    • EXAMPLES
  • The following examples serve to illustrate the present invention. These examples are in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention.
    • Example 1: Specificity of Commercial hSIRPα Antibodies
  • The specificity of various commercially available monoclonal anti-hSIRPα antibodies (Table 7) for binding to hSIRPα variant 1 (hSIRPαV1; GenBank accession: NM_001040022.1) (SEQ ID NO: 34), hSIRPα variant 2 (hSIRPαV2; GenBank accession: D86043.1) (SEQ ID NO: 36), hSIRPβ1 (GenBank accession: NM_006065.4) (SEQ ID NO: 38), hSIRPβ1 transcript variant 3/hSIRPβL (NCBI accession: NM_001135844.3) (SEQ ID NO: 117), and hSIRPγ (NCBI accession: NM_018556.3) (SEQ ID NO: 40) was evaluated by cellular ELISA (CELISA). Reactivity was confirmed using CHO-K1 cells (ATCC CCL-61) that had been transiently transfected, using Lipofectamine 2000, with cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, hSIRPβL, and hSIRPγ subcloned into the pCI-neo vector (Promega, Madison, Wis.). CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1, CHO-K1.hSIRPαV2, CHO-K1.hSIRPβ1, CHO-K1.hSIRPβL, and CHO-K1.hSIRPγ cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity for 24 hours. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRPγ antibodies (used at 10 μg/mL and dilutions thereof). Next, cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech). Subsequently, cells were washed three times with PBS-T and immunoreactivity against hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, hSIRPβL, and hSIRPγ was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm. EC50 values, the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed, were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.).
  • TABLE 7
    Commercially available hSIRPα antibodies used for comparison with
    antibodies generated herein.
    Target Clone Cat.# Company Species Reactivity Isotype
    hSIRPα SE5A5 323802 Biolegend mouse human IgG1
    hSIRPα 7B3 LS-C340387 LifeSpan Biosciences mouse human IgG1
    hSIRPα 1B5 LS-C338479 LifeSpan Biosciences mouse human IgG1
    hSIRPα 1C6 LS-C338477 LifeSpan Biosciences mouse human IgG1
    hSIRPα 27 sc-136067 Santa Cruz mouse human, mouse, rat IgG1
    Biotechnology
    hSIRPα SE7C2 sc-23863 Santa Cruz mouse human IgG1
    Biotechnology
    hSIRPα P3C4 LS-C179629-100 CliniSciences mouse human IgG2a
    hSIRPα 2A4A5 W172-3 MBL International mouse human IgG2a
    hSIRPα 15-414 LS-C58098 LifeSpan Biosciences mouse human IgG2a
    hSIRPα 1H1 LS-C338476 LifeSpan Biosciences mouse human IgG2a
    hSIRPα C-7 sc-376884 Santa Cruz mouse human IgG2a
    Biotechnology
    hSIRPα 03 11612-MM03-100 Sino Biological Inc. mouse human IgG2b
    hSIRPα 5E10 LS C83566 LifeSpan Biosciences mouse human IgG2b
    hSIRPα 602411 MAB4546 R&D mouse human IgG2b
    hSIRPα EPR16264 ab191419 Abcam rabbit human, mouse, rat IgG
    hSIRPα D6I3M 13379S Cell Signaling rabbit human, mouse, rat, IgG
    Technology monkey
    hSIRPα 001 50956- Sino Biological Inc. rabbit mouse, human IgG
    R001_100 ug
    hSIRPα REA144 130-099-768 Miltenyi Biotec human human IgG1
    hSIRPα KWAR23 TAB-453CT Creative Biolabs human human IgG4
  • As depicted in FIG. 1 and the following Table 8, commercially available hSIRPα antibodies cross-react with at least hSIRPβ1, hSIRPβL, or hSIRPγ or demonstrate allele-specific binding to hSIRPαV2. The KWAR23 antibody cross-reacts with all members of the SIRP receptor family tested: it binds to hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, hSIRPβL, and hSIRPγ.
  • TABLE 8
    hSIRPαV1 hSIRPαV2 hSIRPI31 hSIRPy hSIRPI3L
    binding binding binding binding binding
    EC50 EC50 EC50 EC50 EC50
    Antibody (nM) (nM) (nM) (nM) (nM)
    hSIRPα.50A 1.626 1.627 nd 1.475 0.639
    anti-hSIRPα (clone SE5A5) 0.372 0.186 0.185 0.200 0.122
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 7B3) 0.187 0.300 0.255 nd 0.206
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 1B5) nd 0.122 nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 106) 0.739 0.167 2.965 15.589 2.008
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 27) nd nd nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone SE7C2) 1.269* 0.300 nd 1.525 26.818*
    anti-hSIRPα (clone P3C4) 0.288 2.154 0.383 0.365 0.136
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 2A4A5) nd 1.005 8.633 nd 12.156*
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 15-414) nd nd nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 1H1) nd 0.204 nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone C-7) nd nd nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 03) 96.016* 15.059* 16.043* 17.303* 9.109*
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 5E10) nd nd nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 602411) 0.068 nd 0.081 3.622 0.060
    anti-hSIRPα (clone EPR16264) nd 2.450* nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone D6I3M) 18.690* 8.762* nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 001) 18.081* nd nd 0.494 6.253*
    anti-hSIRPα (clone REA144) 5.243* 3.274* 4.534* 3.212* 2.147*
    KWAR23 0.067 0.062 0.140 0.043 0.097
    Values indicated with * were extrapolated; nd, not detected
    • Example 2: Immunization and Selection of Anti-hSIRPα Antibodies
  • To generate SIRPα antibodies that bind to all known SIRPα alleles and are not binding SIRPβ1 mice were immunized with a pCI-neo expression construct encoding hSIRPαV1 and hSIRPαV2. Mice were immunized by gene gun immunization using a Helios Gene gun (BioRad, Hercules, Calif.) and DNA coated gold bullets (BioRad) following manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, 1 μm gold particles were coated with pCI-neo-hSIRPαV1 or pCI-neo-hSIRPαV2 cDNA and commercial expression vectors for mouse Flt3L and mouse GM-CSF in a 2:1:1 ratio (both from Aldevron, Fargo, ND). A total of 1 μg of plasmid DNA was used to coat 500 μg of gold particles. Specifically, 7-8 weeks old female BALB/C mice (Harlan) were immunized in the ears with a gene gun, receiving 3 administration cycles in both ears.
  • For positive and negative B-cell selection and CELISA purposes, CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1, CHO-K1.hSIRPαV2, CHO-K1.hSIRPβ1, and CHO-K1.hCD47 stable cell lines were generated by transfecting CHO-K1 cells with pCI-neo vector encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, and hCD47 (NCBI accession: NM_001777.3) (SEQ ID NO: 42), respectively. Stable clones were obtained by limiting dilution.
  • Antibody titer was assessed by CELISA, using the CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1 and CHO-K1.hSIRPαV2 stable cell lines. These hSIRPα-expressing CHO-K1 cell lines were maintained in DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Hyclone) and 80U Pen/Strep (Gibco). Cells were seeded into 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates at 8×104 cells/well and cultured at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity until cell layers were confluent. Cells were incubated with each sample of the diluted mouse sera for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Next, cells were washed with Phosphate buffered Saline (PBS)/0.05% Tween-20 (PBS-T) and incubated with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP conjugate (Southern Biotech) for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Subsequently, cells were washed three times with PBS-T and anti-hSIRPα immunoreactivity was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm. The anti-hSIRPα titer was higher than 1:2,500 in each individual mouse serum sample as detected after two DNA immunizations. All mice that demonstrated reactivity against hSIRPαV1 and hSIRPαV2 were immunized for a final, third time and sacrificed 14 days later. Erythrocyte-depleted spleen and lymph-node cell populations were prepared as described previously (Steenbakkers et al., 1992, J. Immunol. Meth. 152: 69-77; Steenbakkers et al., 1994, Mol. Biol. Rep. 19: 125-134) and frozen at −180° C.
  • To select anti-hSIRPα antibody producing B-cells, a selection strategy was designed and developed that preferentially bound B-cells expressing antibodies that bind to hSIRPαV1 and hSIRPαV2. Splenocytes and lymph nodes were harvested from the hSIRPαV1/V2 immunized mice and isolated cells were incubated with CHO-K1.hSIRPβ1 that were seeded into T25 culture flasks and irradiated at 30 Gray. After 1 hour unbound cells were gently removed by moving the flask back and forth. Medium containing unbound cells was then transferred to a new T25 flask containing irradiated CHO-K1.hSIRPβ1 cells. This procedure was followed for in total three times on ice in order to negatively select hSIRPβ1-reactive B-cells. Next, medium containing unbound B-cells was incubated with CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1 and CHO-K1.hSIRPαV2 cells that were irradiated at 3,000 Gray. After 1.5 hours incubation on ice unbound cells were removed with multiple wash steps using culture medium. Subsequently, T25 flasks containing CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1 and CHO-K1.hSIRPαV2 cells with bound lymphocytes were harvested with Trypsin-EDTA (Sigma). Bound B-cells were cultured, as described by Steenbakkers et al., 1994, Mol. Biol. Rep. 19: 125-134. Briefly, selected B-cells were mixed with 10% (v/v) T-cell supernatant and 50,000 irradiated (25 Gray) EL-4 B5 feeder cells in a final volume of 200 μl medium in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates. On day eight, supernatants were screened for hSIRPαV1 and hSIRPαV2 reactivity by CELISA as described below.
  • CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1, CHO-K1.hSIRPαV2, and CHO-K1.hSIRPβ1 were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Hyclone) and 80U Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and cultured at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity until they were confluent. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with supernatants from the B-cell cultures. Next, cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP conjugate (Southern Biotech). Subsequently, cells were washed three times with PBS-T and anti-hSIRPαV1, anti-hSIRPαV2, and anti-hSIRPβ1 immunoreactivity was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm.
  • Immunoreactivity to human SIRPγ was assessed by ELISA using recombinant hSIRPγ/Fc-protein (R&D Systems, Cat. #4486-SB-050; SEQ ID NO: 108) coated 96-well MaxiSorp flat-bottom plates. Protein coated 96-well plates were blocked in PBS/1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 hour at room temperature (RT). PBS/1% BSA was removed and plates were incubated for 1 hour at RT with supernatants from the B-cell cultures. Next, plates were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at RT with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP conjugate (Southern Biotech). Subsequently, wells were washed three times with PBS-T and anti-hSIRPγ immunoreactivity was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm.
  • B-cell clones from the hSIRPα reactive supernatants, which were not or which were minimally reactive to hSIRPβ1 were immortalized by mini-electrofusion following published procedures (Steenbakkers et al., 1992, J. Immunol. Meth. 152: 69-77; Steenbakkers et al., 1994, Mol. Biol. Rep. 19:125-34) with some minor deviations (e.g. pronase reaction was omitted). Briefly, B-cells were mixed with 106 Sp2/0-Ag14 murine myeloma cells (ATCC CRL-1581) in Electrofusion Isomolar Buffer (Eppendorf). Electrofusions were performed in a 50 μL fusion chamber by an alternating electric field of 15 s, 1 MHz, 23 Vrms AC followed by a square, high field DC pulse of 10 μs, 180 Volt DC and again by an alternating electric field of 15 s, 1 MHz, 23 Vrms AC. Content of the chamber was transferred to hybridoma selective medium and plated in a 96-well plate under limiting dilution conditions. On day 10 following the electrofusion, hybridoma supernatants were screened for hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, and hSIRPγ binding activity by CELISA and ELISA, as described above. Hybridomas that secreted antibodies in the supernatant that specifically bound hSIRPαV1 and hSIRPαV2 were both frozen at −180° C. (−1 batch) and subcloned by limited dilution to safeguard their integrity and stability. Stable hybridomas were frozen at −180° C. (−LD1 batch) until cell layers were confluent.
  • Further selection of the hybridomas was performed by assessing the blocking abilities of the hSIRPαV1/hCD47 interaction in CELISA format. For the assessment of hCD47 blockade CHO-K1.hCD47 cells were seeded in 384-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity in culture medium. Recombinant hSIRPα/Fc-protein (R&D Systems, Cat. #4546-SA-050; SEQ ID NO: 107) was pre-incubated with a dilution series of the hybridoma supernatants containing hSIRPα reactive antibodies and control antibodies (at 10 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) for 30 minutes at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Confluent CHO-K1.hCD47 cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour with the mixtures containing hSIRPα reactive antibodies and recombinant hSIRPα/Fc-protein at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Next, cells were washed with PBS-T followed by addition of goat-anti-human IgG-HRP conjugate (Jackson Immuno Research) to the cells, which was incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Subsequently cells were washed three times with PBS-T and binding of hSIRPα/Fc-protein was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm.
  • Selected stable hybridomas were cultured in serum-free media for 7 days; supernatants were harvested and antibodies were purified using MabSelect Sure Protein A resin according to the manufacturer's instructions (GE Healthcare). Antibody concentrations were quantified using spectrophotometry. Supernatants of the hybridoma cultures were used to isotype the hybridomas. In short, isotyping was done using a mouse monoclonal antibody isotyping kit (Biorad) based on a dipstick with immobilized goat-anti-mouse antibody bands to each of the common mouse isotypes and light chains. Recovered antibodies were all identified as mouse IgG1. Antibody sequences were elucidated by sequencing of variable regions of the mouse IgG1 hybridoma material performed at LakePharma, using the following method: the total RNA of the hybridoma cells was extracted, which allowed cDNA synthesis. Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) was performed that allowed cloning of positive fragments in a TOPO (Thermo Fisher Scientific) vector. TOPO clones were sequenced and sequences were annotated using VBASE2 (Retter et al., VBASE2, an integrative V gene database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jan. 1; 33(Database issue):D671-4).
    • Example 3: Characterization of hSIRPα Antibodies
  • The binding specificity of antibody hSIRPα.50A to hSIRPα was compared antibody KWAR23 (Canadian Patent 2939293 A1), in a CELISA format. CHO-K1 cells were transiently transfected with hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, and hSIRPγ (GenBank accession: NM_018556.3) (SEQ ID NO: 39) cDNAs. Subsequently, hSIRPα binding was assessed by CELISA using CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1, CHO-K1.hSIRPαV2, CHO-Kl.hSIRPβ1, and CHO-K1.hSIRPγ cells. Detection of bound antibody was performed with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech) for mouse antibodies including hSIRPα.50A and control antibodies or, alternatively, with goat-anti-human IgG-HRP conjugate (Jackson Immuno Research) for the KWAR23 antibody. KWAR23 (SEQ ID NO: 130; SEQ ID NO: 131) was expressed as a chimeric human IgG4 kappa antibody in CHO cells. As shown in FIG. 2 and the following Table 9, KWAR23 antibody cross-reacts with all members of the SIRP receptor family tested: it binds to hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, and hSIRPy. EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • TABLE 9
    hSIRPαV1 binding ECSO (nM) hSIRPαV2 binding ECSO (nM)
    Antibody Average SD Average SD
    KWAR23 0,081 0,001 0,051 0,004
    hSIRPα.50A 1,365 0,164 1,296 0,186
    anti-hSIRPα (clone SESAS) 0,304 0,200
    anti-hSIRPy (clone LSB2.20) nd nd
    hSIRP−binding ECM) (nM) hSIRPy binding ECM) (nM)
    Antibody Average SD Average SD
    KWAR23 0,161 0,007 0,040 0,002
    hSIRPα.50A nd nd 1,249 0,179
    anti-hSIRPα (clone SE5A5) 0,192 0,168
    anti-hSIRPy (clone LSB2.20) nd 0,265
    Empty squares indicate n=measurements. nd, not detected
  • In addition, the specificity of hSIRPα.50A for all known of hSIRPα alleles (allelic variants as described by Takenaka et al., 2007, Nat Immunol. 8:1313-1323) was further investigated by CELISA using the same strategy as above. To this end, hSIRPα.50A binding was assessed using CHO-K1 cells that were transiently transfected with cDNAs encoding full length hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPαV3 (NA07056_V3) (SEQ ID NO: 43), hSIRPαV4 (NA11832_V4) (SEQ ID NO: 45), hSIRPαV5 (NA18502_V5) (SEQ ID NO: 47), hSIRPαV6 (NA18507_V6) (SEQ ID NO: 49), hSIRPαV8 (NA18570_V8) (SEQ ID NO: 51), and hSIRPαV9 (NA18943_V9) (SEQ ID NO: 53). FIG. 3 and the following Table 10 demonstrate the reactivity of antibody clone hSIRPα.50A for each of these hSIRPα alleles. EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • TABLE 10
    Antibody
    anti-hSIRPα
    hSIRPα.50A (clone SE5A5)
    hSIRPαV1 EC50 (nM) 0,936 0,327
    SD 0,285 0,107
    hSIRPαV2 EC50 (nM) 0,665 0,200
    SD 0,106 0,046
    hSIRPαV3 EC50 (nM) 0,688 0,226
    SD 0,097 0,052
    hSIRPαV4 EC50 (nM) 0,824 0,256
    SD 0,280 0,085
    hSIRPαV5 EC50 (nM) 0,765 0,276
    SD 0,210 0,086
    hSIRPαV6 EC50 (nM) 0,954 0,098
    SD 0,437 0,050
    hSIRPαV8 EC50 (nM) 0,644 0,300
    SD 0,066 0,061
    hSIRPαV9 EC50 (nM) 0,733 0,260
    SD 0,205 0,079
    • Example 4: hCD47 Blocking Ability of hSIRPα.50A
  • The hSIRPα.50A antibody was analyzed by flow cytometry for its ability to block recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein (R&D Systems, Cat.# 4670-CD-050; SEQ ID NO: 109) binding to cell surface expressed hSIRPα. For this purpose, THP-1 (ATCC TIB-202) and U-937 (ATCC CRL-1593.2) monocyte cell lines were used as the source of hSIRPα in the assay. THP-1 and U-937 cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and hSIRPα.50A antibody (200 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with DyLight 488-labeled recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein for 30 minutes at 4° C. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA containing 0.1 μg/mL DAPI (BioLegend), and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC).
  • As depicted in FIG. 4 and the following Table 11, binding of recombinant hCD47 fused to an Fc domain of human IgG1 was monitored in the presence of increasing amounts of the hSIRPα.50A antibody. Antibody hSIRPα.50A blocked the hSIRPα/hCD47 interaction, using the flow cytometry-based method described above. IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
  • TABLE 11
    THP-1 U-937
    Antibody IC50 (nM) IC50 (nM)
    hSIRPα.50A 4,605 7,164
  • Next, the binding of hSIRPα.50A to hSIRPα expressed on primary human CD14+ monocytes was investigated. In addition, the ability of hSIRPα.50A to block the interaction between hSIRPα and recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein was assessed. For this purpose, CD14+ monocytes were isolated from Ficoll-purified human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using RosetteSep human monocyte enrichment cocktail (Stemcell). The percentage of monocytes present after the enrichment was determined by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences) based on CD14 staining using an APC-Cy7-conjugated mouse-anti-human CD14 detection antibody (BD Biosciences). Subsequently, CD14+ enriched PBMCs were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 40 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) containing hSIRPα.50A antibody (25 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with a FITC-labeled goat-anti-mouse Ig (BD Biosciences) detection antibody in PBS/1% BSA for 40 minutes at 4° C. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA containing 0.1 μg/mL DAPI (BioLegend), and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC).
  • FIGS. 5A and B and the following Table 12 indicates that hSIRPα.50A binds to primary human CD14+ enriched monocytes. EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed. To assess the blocking ability of hSIRPα.50A, CD14+ enriched monocytes cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and hSIRPα.50A antibody (200 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Thereafter, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with 10 μg/mL DyLight 488-labeled recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein for 45 minutes at 4° C. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA containing 0.1 μg/mL DAPI (BioLegend), and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC). FIGS. 5C and D and the following Table 12 demonstrates the ability of antibody hSIRPα.50A to block the hSIRPα/hCD47 interaction. IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
  • TABLE 12
    Donor 1 Donor 2
    Antibody EC50 (nM) IC50 (nM) EC50 (nM) IC50 (nM)
    hSIRPα.50A 7,381 4,618 3,081 1,035
    • Example 5: Functionality of hSIRPα.50A mAb in the Human Granulocyte Phagocytosis Assay
  • To confirm the functionality of hSIRPα.50A in primary immune cells, granulocytes (e.g. effector cells) were isolated from healthy human donor EDTA blood. First, the EDTA blood of each donor was pooled and centrifuged at 300 g for 6 minutes at 20° C. Next, plasma was removed by aspiration, and the remaining blood cells were gently resuspended. Cells were recovered in red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer (155 mM NH4Cl; 10 mM KHCO3) and incubated for 10 minutes on ice. Next, cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 7 minutes. Supernatants containing lysed RBCs were removed by aspiration, and the remaining blood cells were gently resuspended in RBC lysis buffer and kept on ice for 1 minute. RBC lysis was neutralized by adding assay medium (IMDM (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)). Blood cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 6 minutes and supernatants were removed by aspiration to remove remaining RBCs as much as possible. Subsequently, erythrocyte-lysed blood cells were resuspended in assay medium containing 10 ng/mL IFNγ and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Non-adherent blood cells containing human granulocytes were collected by mild washing of the tissue culture plate with assay medium (monocytes are depleted due to adherence to the plastic surface). The percentage of granulocytes present in the cell suspension was determined by flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences) based on high forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC). Binding of hSIRPα.50A to human granulocytes was assessed by incubating the cells for 30 minutes at 4° C. with hSIRPα.50A antibody (25 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA containing 10% autologous serum (PBS/1% BSA/10% serum). Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA/10% serum and incubated for 30 minutes at 4° C. with a FITC-labeled goat-anti-mouse Ig (BD Biosciences) detection antibody. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA/10% serum and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC). FIG. 6A shows that hSIRPα.50A binds to primary human granulocytes. EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed.
  • Next, target cells were fluorescently labeled with either cell proliferation dye eFluor450 (eBioscience) in the case of Raji (ECACC 85011429), Daudi (ECACC 85011437), Ramos (ECACC 85030802), and BJAB (DSMZ ACC-757) lymphoma cells or, alternatively, with Vybrant DiD cell-labeling solution (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for FaDu cells. Labeling was performed according to manufacturer's instructions. Labeled target cells were co-cultured for 2-3 hours at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with isolated primary human granulocytes in a 1:1 ratio (7.5*104 cells of each target and effector per well of a 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plate) in the presence of 0.1 μg/mL rituximab (anti-hCD20). In addition, cells were co-cultured with 0.1 μg/mL rituximab in presence of 10 μg/mL hSIRPα.50A. Phagocytosis was assayed by determining the percentage of granulocytes positive for eFluor450 (or DID) using flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC).
  • Compared to the mouse IgG1 isotype control, hSIRPα.50A potently enhances tumor cell phagocytosis induced by rituximab (FIG. 6B). The same procedure was followed with other existing therapeutic antibodies such as 0.05 μg/mL daratumumab (anti-hCD38), 0.1 μg/mL alemtuzumab (anti-hCD52), and 0.1 μg/mL cetuximab (anti-hEGFR) (FIG. 6C-E). These data demonstrate that hSIRPα.50A enhances antibody-mediated tumor cell phagocytosis by human granulocytes.
    • Example 6: Functionality of hSIRPα.50A mAb in the Human Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay
  • Blockade of CD47 by hSIRPα.50A enhances the phagocytosis of human lymphoma cells tumor cells by human macrophages. Human macrophages were generated by first enriching CD14+ monocytes from Ficoll-purified human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using RosetteSep human monocyte enrichment cocktail (Stemcell). Monocytes were seeded into CellCarrier 96-well flat-bottom microplates (Perkin Elmer) and cultured in macrophage medium (IMDM (Gibco) supplemented with 8.5% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) containing 50 ng/mL human monocyte colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) for 7 days at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity to promote differentiation into macrophages. These monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) become adherent allowing other cells to be washed away. Human Raji, Daudi, Ramos, and BJAB lymphoma cells were counted and labeled with cell proliferation dye eFluor450 (eBioscience) following manufacturer's instructions. After labeling, the lymphoma cells were mixed with assay medium (RPMI (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) containing 10 μg/mL anti-hSIRPα antibodies, respective isotype controls and either 0.1 μg/mL rituximab (anti-hCD20) or 0.05 μg/mL daratumumab (anti-hCD38). The lymphoma cells were then added to the individual wells containing MDMs at a ratio of 2.5:1 tumor cells per phagocyte, mixed and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity for 2 hours. After the incubation, the wells were washed with PBS to remove most of the non-phagocytosed tumor cells, and cells were fixed with 2% formaldehyde for 10 min at RT. The wells were then washed and maintained in PBS/3% BSA in dark at 4° C. overnight. Lymphoma cells present in the wells were stained with biotin-conjugated anti-human CD19 clone HIB19 (eBioscience) for 1 hour at RT, and subsequently were counterstained with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated streptavidin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 1 hour at RT. Next, nuclei were stained with DRAQS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 10 minutes at RT, mixture was removed, and PBS was added to each well. Cells were analysed with the Operetta automated fluorescence microscope (Perkin Elmer). Data were processed and analysed with Columbus V2.6 software.
  • As shown in FIG. 7, hSIRPα.50A enhances rituximab and daratumumab-mediated phagocytosis activity. The phagocytosis of human lymphoma cells was quantified using a phagocytosis index, as follows: (number of tumor cells inside macrophages/number of macrophages)*100; counting at least 200 macrophages per sample.
    • Example 7: Humanized Antibody Design and CDR Grafting
  • The mouse hSIRPα.50A antibody was humanized using CDR-grafting technology (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,539 and Williams, D. G. et al., 2010, Antibody Engineering, volume 1, Chapter 21).
  • First, human germline sequences were identified using IgBLAST (Ye J. et al., 2013, Nucleic Acids Res. 41:W34-40). For the hSIRPα.50A VH human germline sequence, V-gene IGHV1/OR15-2*02 was identified (75.2% identity) and for the VL human germline sequence IGKV1-27*01 was identified (74.0% identity). These two germline sequences were used to directly graft the mouse CDRs, resulting in the following two cDNA constructs: SEQ ID NO: 17 (VH) and SEQ ID NO: 25 (VL).
  • Next, a database was constructed containing all human sequences available in the IMGT database (Lefranc, M.-P. et al., 1999, Nucleic Acid Res. 27:209-212) identifying 85,848 individual sequences. These sequences were queried using TBLASTN (2.2.31+) to identify template sequences that demonstrated the highest identify to the framework of hSIRPα.50A VH and VL sequences. Three VH and three VL sequences were identified that demonstrated a similarity score of 75% or higher and that displayed similar CDR lengths, preferably identical to those in hSIRPα.50A VH CDR1, CDR2, CDR3 and VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3, respectively.
  • For the heavy chain, the frameworks encoded by GenBank (Benson, D. A. et al., 2013, Nucleic Acids Res. 41(D1): D36-42) accession # AB066948, AB067235, and U84168 were selected as templates for straight grafting of the hSIRPα.50A VH CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA constructs: SEQ ID NO: 9, 11 and 13, respectively. For the light chain, the frameworks encoded by GenBank accession #JF894288, AB363321, and L12101 were selected as templates for straight grafting of the hSIRPα.50A VL CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA constructs: SEQ ID NO: 19, 21 and 23. Framework and CDR definition were those as described by Kabat et al. (“Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest”, Kabat, E., et al., US Department of Health and Human Services, (1983)).
  • To understand the effect of humanized framework residues on the structure of the Fv, a homology model of the mouse hSIRPα.50A Fv was made using the ‘Antibody Modeling Cascade’ (default parameters) within Discovery Studio 4.5. The homology model was built on basis of PDB ID 1CIC, for the light chain and Fv, and PDB ID 4Q0X for the heavy chain. The CDRs were grafted in silico to study residues that are close to any of the CDRs and which might affect the loop conformation, referred as Vernier residues. Residues that might affect the loop conformation, and which are within <5 Å to the CDR surface were identified and substituted with the mouse amino acid at this position. The resulting templates were checked for the presence of post translational modification (PTM) motifs using Discovery Studio 4.5 and where possible (i.e. non-CDR, non-Vernier residues) changed to prevent a PTM. For the heavy chain, removal of the predicted sequence PTM motifs and structural considerations (i.e. rigidity of the backbone) in the hSIRPα.50A VH resulted in the design of one additional construct: SEQ ID NO: 15. For the light chain the PTM removal resulted in the following construct: SEQ ID NO: 27.
  • CDRs were grafted on each of the identified templates, expressed as a human IgG4 (SEQ ID NO: 65), kappa (SEQ ID NO: 63) antibody cloned in the pcDNA3.1(+) vector (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and for transient transfection in FreeStyle 293-F human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T/17, ATCC CRL-11268). In each case, an IgG4 version carrying the stabilizing Adair mutation (Angal S. et al., 1993, Mol Immunol. 30: 105-108), where Serine 228 is converted to Proline, was used.
    • Example 8: Synthesis, Expression and Purification of Humanized Constructs
  • Plasmids encoding the heavy chain and light chain constructs were mixed in a 1:1 ratio (30 μg in total) and transiently expressed by transfection into FreeStyle 293-F cells using 293fectin transfection reagent (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. Supernatants (30 ml) were harvested after 7 days and antibodies were purified using MabSelect Sure Protein A resin according to the manufacturer's instructions (GE Healthcare). Buffer was exchanged for 10 mM Histidine, 100 mM NaCl pH 5.5 buffer using Zeba desalting columns (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The concentration of purified antibodies was determined based on OD280 (Nanodrop ND-1000). Endotoxin level was determined by LAL-test according to the manufacturer's instructions (Lonza).
    • Example 9: Binding of Humanized SIRPα Antibodies
  • Binding of the humanized antibodies to hSIRPγ was studied in CELISA format. Binding of the hSIRPγ antibodies to human SIRPαV1, SIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, and hSIRPγ was confirmed using CHO-K1 cells that had been transiently transfected with cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of each of these respective targets subcloned into the pCI-neo vector. CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1, CHO-K1.hSIRPαV2, CHO-K1.hSIRPβ1, and CHO-K1.hSIRPγ cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity until cell layers were confluent. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRPγ antibodies (10 μg/mL and dilutions thereof). Next, cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with goat-anti-human IgG-HRP conjugate (Jackson Immuno Research) or goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech). Subsequently, cells were washed three times with PBS-T and anti-hSIRPγ immunoreactivity was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm. EC50 values, the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed, were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.). In Table 13 the EC50 values of the humanized hSIRPγ antibodies are depicted.
  • TABLE 13
    Binding of humanized and parental hSIRPα.50A antibodies to CHO-
    K1.hSIRPαV1, CHO-K1.hSIRPαV2, CHO-K1.hSIRPβ1, and CHO-K1.hSIRPγ cells. EC50
    values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average
    and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
    hSIRPαV1 binding EC50 hSIRPαV2 binding EC50 hSIRPβ1 binding EC50 hSIRPγ binding EC50
    (nM) (nM) (nM) (nM)
    Antibody Average SD Average SD Average SD Average SD
    hSIRPα.50H 0.883 0.212 0.864 0.109 nd nd 1.485* 0.120
    1L1
    hSIRPα.50H 0.781 0.104 0.816 0.161 nd nd 1.259* 0.155
    1L2
    hSIRPα.50H 1.094 0.112 1.107 0.238 nd nd 2.579* 0.672
    1L3
    hSIRPα.50H 1.488 0.259 1.621 0.320 nd nd 7.435* 0.208
    1L4
    hSIRPα.50H 0.962 0.235 0.848 0.239 nd nd 1.013* 0.115
    1L5
    hSIRPα.50H 1.097 0.286 1.056 0.303 nd nd 1.424* 0.080
    3L1
    hSIRPα.50H 1.055 0.347 0.999 0.450 nd nd 1.502* 0.305
    3L2
    hSIRPα.50H 1.159 0.417 1.160 0.429 nd nd 2.471* 0.530
    3L3
    hSIRPα.50H 1.261 0.317 1.520 0.333 nd nd 5.175* 0.210
    3L4
    hSIRPα.50H 0.878 0.097 0.868 0.190 nd nd 1.199* 0.120
    3L5
    hSIRPα.50H 0.683 0.027 0.681 0.156 nd nd 0.950* 0.171
    4L1
    hSIRPα.50H 0.737 0.110 0.651 0.147 nd nd 0.871* 0.062
    4L2
    hSIRPα.50H 0.933 0.078 0.898 0.133 nd nd 1.596* 0.144
    4L3
    hSIRPα.50H 1.197 0.175 1.240 0.238 nd nd 1.980* 0.681
    4L4
    hSIRPα.50H 0.701 0.136 0.661 0.161 nd nd 0.808* 0.038
    4L5
    hSIRPα.50H 0.731 0.039 0.709 0.063 nd nd 1.028* 0.087
    5L1
    hSIRPα.50H 0.675 0.086 0.572 0.023 nd nd 0.822* 0.046
    5L2
    hSIRPα.50H 1.029 0.084 0.796 0.004 nd nd 1.612* 0.247
    5L3
    hSIRPα.50H 1.169 0.197 1.115 0.060 nd nd 4.028* 0.342
    5L4
    hSIRPα.50H 0.681 0.066 0.611 0.030 nd nd 0.868* 0.028
    5L5
    hSIRPα.50A 1.365 0.164 1.296 0.186 nd nd 1.249* 0.179
    Note
    that variants with the H2 heavy chain could not be expressed in FreeStyle 293-F cells; values indicated with * were extrapolated; nd, not detected
  • Binding of the parental and humanized hSIRPγ antibodies to hSIRPγ was further assessed using NK-92MI cells (ATCC CRL-2408), an interleukin-2 (IL-2) independent natural killer cell line derived from the NK-92 cell line. NK-92MI cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 30 minutes with the humanized hSIRPα.50A antibody variants (100 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated for 30 minutes at 4° C. with a FITC-labeled mouse-anti-human IgG4 (Abcam) or donkey-anti-mouse IgG (Jackson Immuno Research) detection antibody in PBS/1% BSA. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC).
    • Example 10: Blockade of hCD47 Binding to hSIRPγ by Humanized hSIRPα.50A Antibodies
  • hCD47 blockade was assessed by flow cytometry for the full panel of humanized hSIRPα.50A antibodies. To this end, HEK293 cells (ATCC CRL-1573) were transiently transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) with the pCI-neo vector encoding the full length open reading frame of human SIRPαV1. The transfected cells were cultured at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity in medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) until confluent. Subsequently, cells were dissociated and seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 30 minutes with the humanized hSIRPα.50A antibody variants (100 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein (ModiQuest; SEQ ID NO: 42) for 30 minutes at 4° C. Afterwards, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated for 30 minutes at 4° C. with a mouse-anti-human IgG1 Hinge-FITC (Southern Biotech) detection antibody. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC) and plotted using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.) (FIG. 8).
  • As depicted in FIG. 8, binding of recombinant hCD47 fused to an Fc domain of human IgG1 was monitored in the presence of increasing amounts of the humanized hSIRPα.50A antibody variants. All antibody variants blocked the hSIRPα/hCD47 interaction.
    • Example 11: Binding Domain of hSIRPα.50A
  • To identify the binding region of hSIRPα.50A, several SIRPα exchange-mutants were designed based on the human SIRPαV1 and hSIRPβ1 amino acid sequence. Based on the fold of SIRPα, the extracellular region can be subdivided into three separate domains: the Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) V-type (IgV), Ig-like C1-type (IgC1), and Ig-like C2-type (IgC2) domain. The IgV domain is also known as the ligand-binding N-terminal domain of SIRPα (which binds to CD47). The human SIRPαV1/β1 mutants were designed on the basis of the full length hSIRPαV1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 33) and each individual Ig-like domain was substituted for the equivalent domain of human SIRPβ1 (SEQ ID NO: 37). The cDNAs encoding the constructs, hSIRPα-VβC1αC2α (SEQ ID NO: 55), hSIRPα-VαC1βC2α (SEQ ID NO: 57), and hSIRPα-VαC1αC2β (SEQ ID NO: 59) were synthesized (GeneArt) and subcloned into the pCI-neo vector. Binding of hSIRPα.50A to the exchange mutants was tested using CELISA. To this end, CHO-Kl cells were transiently transfected, using Lipofectamine 2000, with the pCI-neo vectors encoding hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, hSIRPα-VβC1αC2α, hSIRPα-VαC1βC2α, and hSIRPα-VαC1αC2β, respectively. The transfected cells were cultured at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity in medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) with 5% New Born Calf serum (Biowest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) until confluent. Subsequently, cells were trypsinized and seeded in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and cultured at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity in culture medium until confluent. Then, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with hSIRPα.50A and anti-hSIRPα clone SE5A5 antibodies. Next, cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP conjugate (Southern Biotech). After that, cells were washed three times with PBS-T and anti-hSIRPα immunoreactivity was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm.
  • The antibody of the present invention demonstrated loss of binding to the hSIRPα-VβC1αC2α mutant, indicating that hSIRPα.50A binds to the IgV domain of hSIRPα (FIG. 9; Table 14). EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • TABLE 14
    Antibody
    anti-hSIRPα
    hSIRPα.50A (clone SE5A5)
    hSIRPαV1 EC50 (nM) 0,321 0,117
    SD 0,018 0,001
    hSIRPαV2 EC50 (nM) 0,215 0,084
    SD 0,012 0,012
    hSIRPβ1 EC50 (nM) nd 0,180
    SD nd 0,025
    hSIRPα-VβC1aC2α EC50 (nM) nd 0,121
    SD nd 0,003
    hSIRPα-VαC1βC2α EC50 (nM) 0,345 0,135
    SD 0,008 0,013
    hSIRPα-VαC1αC2β 13 EC50 (nM) 0,408 0,127
    SD 0,039 0,028
  • To pinpoint the amino acids for interaction of hSIRPα.50A with the IgV domain, several point mutants of hSIRPαV1 were generated based on single amino acid differences between hSIRPαV1/V2 and hSIRPβ1. FIG. 10A shows an alignment of the hSIRPα and hSIRPβ1 IgV domain. Amino acids in the hSIRPα IgV domain that are altered in hSIRPβ1 were mutated by using the QuikChange II Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene) and the full length hSIRPαV1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 33) as donor cDNA. Binding of hSIRPα.50A to hSIRPαV1 point mutants was tested using CELISA. To this end, CHO-K1 cells were transiently transfected, using Lipofectamine 2000, with cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRPαV1 and mutants thereof, and hSIRPβ1 subcloned into the pCI-neo vector. Transfected cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity for 24 hours. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRPα antibodies (used at 10 μg/mL and dilutions thereof). Next, cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech). Subsequently, cells were washed three times with PBS-T and immunoreactivity against hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV1 mutants, and hSIRPβ1 was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm. EC50 values, the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed, were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.) (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments). As shown in FIG. 10B and the following Table 15, the Proline at position 74 (P74) constitues a crucial amino acid for the specific binding of hSIRPα.50A to hSIRPαV1. Expression of hSIRPαV1(P74A) (SEQ ID NO: 61), where P74 is converted to Alanine, on CHO-K1 cells results in loss of hSIRPα.50A antibody binding. This proline is absent in the IgV domain sequence of hSIRPβ1.
  • TABLE 15
    hSIRPαV1 binding EC50 (nM) hSIRPβ1 binding EC50 (nM) hSIRPαV1(P74A) binding EC50 (nM)
    Antibody Average SD Average SD Average SD
    hSIRPα.50A 0.535 0.152 nd nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone SE5A5) 0.164 0.008 0.156 0.009 0.150 0.013
    • Example 12: Characterization of hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A Antibodies
  • The binding specificity of antibodies hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A to hSIRPα were compared in a CELISA format. In short, CHO-K1 cells were transiently transfected with hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, hSIRPβL, and hSIRPγ cDNAs. Subsequently, hSIRPα binding was assessed by CELISA using CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1, CHO-K1.hSIRPαV2, CHO-K1.hSIRPβ1, CHO-K1.hSIRPβL, and CHO-K1.hSIRPγ cells. Detection of bound antibody was done with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech). As shown in FIG. 11 and the following Table 16, hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A antibodies bind to hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβL, and hSIRPγ, but do not display detectable hSIRPβ1 binding. EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • TABLE 16
    hSIRPαV1 binding hSIRPαV2 binding hSIRPβ1 binding hSIRPγ binding hSIRPβL binding
    EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM)
    Antibody Average SD Average SD Average SD Average SD Average SD
    hSIRPα.40A 0.109 0.036 0.088 0.002 nd nd 0.099 0.055 0.141 0.078
    hSIRPα.50A 1.428 0.371 1.156 0.127 nd nd 1.990 0.827 0.632 0.277
    nd, not detected
  • In addition, the specificity of hSIRPα.40A for all known of hSIRPα alleles (allelic variants as described by Takenaka et al., Nat Immunol. 8:1313-1323 (2007) was further investigated by CELISA using the same strategy as above. To this end, hSIRPα.40A binding was assessed using CHO-K1 cells that were transiently transfected with cDNAs encoding full length hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPαV3 (NA07056_V3) (SEQ ID NO: 44), hSIRPαV4 (NA11832_V4) (SEQ ID NO: 46), hSIRPαV5 (NA18502_V5) (SEQ ID NO: 48), hSIRPαV6 (NA18507_V6) (SEQ ID NO: 50), hSIRPαV8 (NA18570_V8) (SEQ ID NO: 52), and hSIRPαV9 (NA18943_V9) (SEQ ID NO: 54). FIG. 12 and the following Table 17 demonstrates the reactivity of antibody clone hSIRPα.40A for each of these hSIRPα alleles. EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • TABLE 17
    Antibody
    hSIRPα.40A hSIRPα.50A
    hSIRPαV1 EC50 (nM) 0.134 1.690
    hSIRPαV2 EC50 (nM) 0.089 1.066
    hSIRPαV3 EC50 (nM) 0.107 1.767
    hSIRPαV4 EC50 (nM) 0.100 1.297
    hSIRPαV5 EC50 (nM) 0.115 1.260
    hSIRPαV6 EC50 (nM) 0.136 2.219
    hSIRPαV8 EC50 (nM) 0.089 1.508
    hSIRPαV9 EC50 (nM) 0.115 1.367
    • Example 13: hCD47 Blocking Ability of hSIRPα.40A
  • The hSIRPα.40A antibody was analyzed by flow cytometry for its ability to block recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein (R&D Systems, Cat. #4670-CD-050; SEQ ID NO: 109) binding to cell surface expressed hSIRPα. For this purpose, THP-1 (ATCC TIB-202) and U-937 (ATCC CRL-1593.2) monocyte cell lines were used as the source of hSIRPα in the assay. THP-1 and U-937 cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and hSIRPα.40A antibody (100 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with DyLight 488-labeled recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein for 30 minutes at 4° C. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA containing 0.1 μg/mL DAPI (BioLegend), and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC).
  • As depicted in FIG. 13 and the following Table 18, binding of recombinant hCD47 fused to an Fc domain of human IgG1 was monitored in the presence of increasing amounts of the hSIRPα.40A antibody. Antibody hSIRPα.40A blocked the hSIRPα/hCD47 interaction, using the flow cytometry-based method described above. IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
  • TABLE 18
    THP-1 IC50 U-937
    Antibody (nM) IC50 (nM)
    hSIRPα.40A 0.646 1.344
    hSIRPα.50A 7.833 19.501
  • Next, the binding of hSIRPα.40A to hSIRPα expressed on primary human CD14+ monocytes was investigated. In addition, the ability of hSIRPα.40A to block the interaction between hSIRPα and recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein was assessed. For this purpose, CD14+ monocytes were isolated from Ficoll-purified human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using RosetteSep human monocyte enrichment cocktail (Stemcell). The percentage of monocytes present after the enrichment was determined by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences) based on CD14 staining using an APC-Cy7-conjugated mouse-anti-human CD14 detection antibody (BD Biosciences). Subsequently, CD14+ enriched PBMCs were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 40 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) containing hSIRPα.40A antibody (20 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with an Alexa Fluor 647-labeled goat-anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen) detection antibody in PBS/1% BSA for 40 minutes at 4° C. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA containing 0.1 μg/mL DAPI (BioLegend), and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC).
  • FIGS. 14A and B shows that hSIRPα.40A binds to primary human CD14+ enriched monocytes. EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed. To assess the blocking ability of hSIRPα.40A, CD14+ enriched monocytes cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and hSIRPα.40A antibody (20 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Thereafter, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with 10 μg/mL DyLight 488-labeled recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein for 45 minutes at 4° C. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA containing 0.1 μg/mL DAPI (BioLegend), and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC). FIGS. 14C and D demonstrates the ability of antibody hSIRPα.40A to block the hSIRPα/hCD47 interaction. IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
    • Example 14: Functionality of hSIRPα.40A mAb in the Human Granulocyte Phagocytosis Assay
  • To confirm the functionality of hSIRPα.40A in primary immune cells, granulocytes (e.g. effector cells) were isolated from healthy human donor EDTA blood. First, the EDTA blood of each donor was pooled and centrifuged at 300 g for 6 minutes at 20° C. Next, plasma was removed by aspiration, and the remaining blood cells were gently resuspended. Cells were recovered in red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer (155 mM NH4Cl; 10 mM KHCO3) and incubated for 10 minutes on ice. Next, cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 7 minutes. Supernatants containing lysed RBCs were removed by aspiration, and the remaining blood cells were gently resuspended in RBC lysis buffer and kept on ice for 1 minute. RBC lysis was neutralized by adding assay medium (IMDM (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)). Blood cells were centrifuged at 300 g for 6 minutes and supernatants were removed by aspiration to remove remaining RBCs as much as possible. Subsequently, erythrocyte-lysed blood cells were resuspended in assay medium containing 10 ng/mL IFNγ and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity. Non-adherent blood cells containing human granulocytes were collected by mild washing of the tissue culture plate with assay medium (monocytes are depleted due to adherence to the plastic surface). The percentage of granulocytes present in the cell suspension was determined by flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences) based on high forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC). Binding of hSIRPα.40A to human granulocytes was assessed by incubating the cells for 30 minutes at 4° C. with hSIRPα.40A antibody (25 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA containing 10% autologous serum (PBS/1% BSA/10% serum). Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA/10% serum and incubated for 30 minutes at 4° C. with a FITC-labeled goat-anti-mouse Ig (BD Biosciences) detection antibody. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA/10% serum and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC). FIG. 15A and the following Table 19 shows that hSIRPα.40A binds to primary human granulocytes. EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed.
  • TABLE 19
    Donor 1
    Antibody EC50 (nM)
    hSIRPα.40A 1.227
    hSIRPα.50A 4.298
  • Next, Ramos (ECACC 85030802) target cells were fluorescently labeled with cell proliferation dye eFluor450 (eBioscience). Labeling was performed according to manufacturer's instructions. Labeled target cells were co-cultured for 2-3 hours at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with isolated primary human granulocytes in a 1:1 ratio (7.5*104 cells of each target and effector per well of a 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plate) in the presence of 0.1 μg/mL rituximab (anti-hCD20). In addition, cells were co-cultured with 0.1 μg/mL rituximab in presence of 10 μg/mL hSIRPα.40A. Phagocytosis was assayed by determining the percentage of granulocytes positive for eFluor450 using flow cytometry on the FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC).
  • Compared to the mouse IgG1 isotype control, hSIRPα.40A potently enhances tumor cell phagocytosis induced by rituximab (FIG. 15B).
    • Example 15: Functionality of hSIRPα.40A mAb in the Human Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay
  • Blockade of CD47 by hSIRPα.40A enhances the phagocytosis of human lymphoma cells tumor cells by human macrophages. Human macrophages were generated by first enriching CD14+ monocytes from Ficoll-purified human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using RosetteSep human monocyte enrichment cocktail (Stemcell). Monocytes were seeded into CellCarrier 96-well flat-bottom microplates (Perkin Elmer) and cultured in macrophage medium (IMDM (Gibco) supplemented with 8.5% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) containing 50 ng/mL human monocyte colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) for 7 days at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity to promote differentiation into macrophages. These monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) become adherent allowing other cells to be washed away. Human Raji lymphoma cells were counted and labeled with cell proliferation dye eFluor450 (eBioscience) following manufacturer's instructions. After labeling, the lymphoma cells were mixed with assay medium (RPMI (Gibco) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (Gibco) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) containing 100 μg/mL anti-hSIRPα antibodies and dilutions thereof, the respective isotype control antibody, and 1μg/mL rituximab (anti-hCD20). The lymphoma cells were then added to the individual wells containing MDMs at a ratio of 2.5:1 tumor cells per phagocyte, mixed and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity for 2 hours. After the incubation, the wells were washed with PBS to remove most of the non-phagocytosed tumor cells, and cells were fixed with 2% formaldehyde for 10 min at RT. The wells were then washed and maintained in PBS/3% BSA in dark at 4° C. overnight. Lymphoma cells present in the wells were stained with biotin-conjugated anti-human CD19 clone HIB19 (eBioscience) for 1 hour at RT, and subsequently were counterstained with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated streptavidin (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 1 hour at RT. Next, nuclei were stained with DRAQS (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 10 minutes at RT, mixture was removed, and PBS was added to each well. Cells were analysed with the Operetta automated fluorescence microscope (Perkin Elmer). Data were processed and analysed with Columbus V2.6 software.
  • As shown in FIG. 16, hSIRPα.40A enhances rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity. The phagocytosis of human lymphoma cells was quantified using a phagocytosis index, as follows: (number of tumor cells inside macrophages/number of macrophages)*100; counting at least 200 macrophages per sample.
    • Example 16: Humanized Antibody Design and CDR Grafting
  • The mouse hSIRPα.40A antibody was humanized using CDR-grafting technology (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,539 and Williams, D.G. et al., 2010, Antibody Engineering, volume 1, Chapter 21). First, human germline sequences were identified using IgBLAST (Ye J. et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 41:W34-40 (2013). For the hSIRPα.40A VH human germline sequence, V-gene IGHV1-46*01 was identified (62.2% identity) and for the VL human germline sequence IGKV1-39*01 was identified (68.4% identity). These two germline sequences were used as template to graft the mouse CDRs, resulting in the following two cDNA constructs: SEQ ID NO: 87 (VH) and SEQ ID NO: 99 (VL).
  • Next, a database was constructed containing all human sequences available in the IMGT database (Lefranc, M.-P. et al., Nucleic Acid Res. 27:209-212 (1999)) identifying 85,848 individual sequences. These sequences were queried using TBLASTN (2.2.31+) to identify template sequences that demonstrated the highest identify to the framework of hSIRPα.40A VH and VL sequences. Four VH and four VL sequences were identified that demonstrated a similarity score of 80% or higher and that displayed similar CDR lengths, preferably identical to those in hSIRPα.40A VH CDR1, CDR2, CDR3 and VL CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3, respectively.
  • For the heavy chain, the frameworks encoded by GenBank (Benson, D.A. et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 41(D1):D36-42 (2013)) accession # L39130, DJ031925, DJ326840, and EF177968 were selected as templates for grafting of the hSIRPα.40A VH CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA constructs: SEQ ID NO: 77, 79, 81 and 83, respectively. For the light chain, the frameworks encoded by GenBank accession #AY731031, DQ840993, AY942002 and DQ535171 were selected as templates for straight grafting of the hSIRPα.40A VL CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA constructs: SEQ ID NO: 89, 91, 93 and 95. Additionally, a database was constructed containing all humanized antibody sequences available in the public domain, identifying 300 sequences. These sequences were queried using BLASTP (2.2.31+) to identify template sequences that demonstrated the highest identify to the framework of hSIRPα.40A VH and VL sequences. For the heavy chain, the framework of Gemtuzumab was selected as template, for grafting of the hSIRPα.40A VH CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA construct: SEQ ID NO: 85. For the light chain, the framework of Alacizumab was selected as template, for grafting of the hSIRPα.40A VL CDRs, resulting in the following cDNA construct: SEQ ID NO: 97
  • Framework and CDR definition were those as described by Kabat et al. (“Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest”, Kabat, E., et al., US Department of Health and Human Services, (1983)).
  • To study the effect of humanized framework residues on the structure of the Fv, a homology model of the mouse hSIRPα.40A Fv was made using the ‘Antibody Modeling Cascade’ (default parameters) within Discovery Studio 4.5. The homology model was built on basis of PDB ID 3UMT, for the light chain, PDB ID 1EHL for the heavy chain, and PDB ID 3BGF for the Fv. The CDRs were grafted in silico to study residues that are close to any of the CDRs and which might affect the loop conformation, referred to as Vernier residues. Residues that might affect the loop conformation, and which are within <5 Å A to the CDR surface were identified and substituted with the mouse amino acid at this position. The resulting templates were checked for the presence of post translational modification (PTM) motifs using Discovery Studio 4.5 and where possible (i.e. non-CDR, non-Vernier residues) changed to prevent a PTM. The VH CDR2 contained a glycosylation site that was removed by an aspargine to serine mutation.
  • CDRs were grafted on each of the identified templates, expressed as a human IgG2 (SEQ ID NO: 68), kappa (SEQ ID NO: 64) antibody cloned in the pcDNA3.1(+) vector (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and for transient transfection in FreeStyle 293-F human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T/17, ATCC CRL-11268).
    • Example 17: Synthesis, Expression and Purification of Chimeric and Humanized Constructs
  • Plasmids encoding the heavy chain and light chain humanized constructs were mixed in a 1:1 ratio (30 μg in total) and transiently expressed by transfection into FreeStyle 293-F cells using 293fectin transfection reagent (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. Supernatants (30 ml) were harvested after 7 days, filtered over a 0.22 μm filter, and antibodies were purified using MabSelect Sure Protein A resin according to the manufacturer's instructions (GE Healthcare). Buffer was exchanged for 10 mM Histidine, 100 mM NaCl pH 5.5 buffer using Zeba desalting columns (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The concentration of purified antibodies was determined based on OD280 (Nanodrop ND-1000). Endotoxin level was determined by LAL-test according to the manufacturer's instructions (Lonza).
    • Example 18: Binding of Humanized SIRPα Antibodies
  • Binding of the parental and humanized antibodies to hSIRPα was assessed by flow cytometry using the CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1 stable cell line. CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1 cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 40 minutes with the humanized hSIRPα.40A antibody variants (20 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated for 40 minutes at 4° C. with either an Alexa Fluor 647-labeled goat-anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen), or an Alexa Fluor 647-labeled donkey-anti-human IgG (Jackson Immuno Research) detection antibody in PBS/1% BSA. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA, containing 0.1 μg/mL DAPI (BioLegend), and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC). EC50 values, the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed, were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.) (FIG. 17 and Table 20).
  • TABLE 20
    hSIRPαV1
    Antibody EC50 (nM)
    hSIRPα.40A 0.022
    hSIRPα.40H1L1 nd
    hSIRPα.40H1L2 nd
    hSIRPα.40H1L3 nd
    hSIRPα.40H1L4 nd
    hSIRPα.40H1L5 nd
    hSIRPα.40H1L6 nd
    hSIRPα.40H2L1 0.264
    hSIRPα.40H2L2 0.298
    hSIRPα.40H2L3 0.300
    hSIRPα.40H2L4 0.315
    hSIRPα.40H2L5 0.284
    hSIRPα.40H2L6 0.251
    hSIRPα.40H3L1 1.644
    hSIRPα.40H3L2 1.404
    hSIRPα.40H3L3 1.501
    hSIRPα.40H3L4 0.693
    hSIRPα.40H3L5 2.302
    hSIRPα.40H3L6 0.833
    hSIRPα.40H4L1 3.308
    hSIRPα.40H4L2 3.360
    hSIRPα.40H4L3 3.072
    hSIRPα.40H4L4 3.471
    hSIRPα.40H4L5 4.828
    hSIRPα.40H4L6 3.028
    hSIRPα.40H5L1 2.011
    hSIRPα.40H5L2 1.919
    hSIRPα.40H5L3 2.268
    hSIRPα.40H5L4 0.869
    hSIRPα.40H5L5 2.954
    hSIRPα.40H5L6 2.197
    hSIRPα.40H6L1 2.349
    hSIRPα.40H6L2 3.002
    hSIRPα.40H6L3 3.014
    hSIRPα.40H6L4 1.279
    hSIRPα.40H6L5 3.785
    hSIRPα.40H6L6 2.677
    nd, not detected
    • Example 19: Blockade of hCD47 Binding to hSIRPα by Humanized hSIRPα.40A Antibodies
  • hCD47 blockade was assessed by flow cytometry for the full panel of humanized hSIRPα.40A antibodies. To this end, the U-937 (ATCC CRL-1593.2) monocyte cell line was used as the source of hSIRPα in the assay. U-937 cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and the parental or humanized hSIRPα.40A antibody variants (20 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with 10 μg/mL DyLight 488-labeled recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein for 30 minutes at 4° C. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA containing 0.1 μg/mL DAPI (BioLegend), and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC) and plotted using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.).
  • As depicted in FIG. 18 and the following Table 21, binding of recombinant hCD47 fused to an Fc domain of human IgG1 was monitored in the presence of increasing amounts of the humanized hSIRPα.40A antibody variants. Humanized hSIRPα.40A blocked the hSIRPα/hCD47 interaction, using the flow cytometry-based method described above. IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
  • TABLE 21
    U-937
    Antibody IC50 (nM)
    hSIRPα.40A 1.122
    hSIRPα.40H1L1 nd
    hSIRPα.40H1L2 nd
    hSIRPα.40H1L3 nd
    hSIRPα.40H1L4 nd
    hSIRPα.40H1L5 nd
    hSIRPα.40H1L6 nd
    hSIRPα.40H2L1 0.638
    hSIRPα.40H2L2 0.773
    hSIRPα.40H2L3 0.685
    hSIRPα.40H2L4 0.718
    hSIRPα.40H2L5 0.745
    hSIRPα.40H2L6 0.901
    hSIRPα.40H3L1 0.980*
    hSIRPα.40H3L2 nd
    h5IRPα.40H3L3 2.625*
    hSIRPα.40H3L4 1.784*
    hSIRPα.40H3L5 2.435*
    hSIRPα.40H3L6 97.762*
    hSIRPα.40H4L1 10.002*
    hSIRPα.40H4L2 7.579*
    hSIRPα.40H4L3 75.422*
    hSIRPα.40H4L4 3.153*
    hSIRPα.40H4L5 5.171*
    hSIRPα.40H4L6 3.512*
    hSIRPα.40H5L1 34.977*
    hSIRPα.40H5L2 nd
    hSIRPα.40H5L3 nd
    hSIRPα.40H5L4 10.772*
    hSIRPα.40H5L5 nd
    hSIRPα.40H5L6 0.247*
    hSIRPα.40H6L1 2.391*
    hSIRPα.40H6L2 20.427*
    hSIRPα.40H6L3 9.208*
    hSIRPα.40H6L4 3.797*
    hSIRPα.40H6L5 20.421*
    hSIRPα.40H6L6 9.750*
    Values indicated with * were extrapolated; nd, not detected
    • Example 20: Binding Domain of hSIRPα.40A
  • To identify the binding region of hSIRPα.40A, several SIRPβ1 exchange-mutants were designed based on the human SIRPβ1 and SIRPγ amino acid sequences. Based on the fold of SIRPα/β1/γ, the extracellular region can be subdivided into three separate domains: the Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) V-type (IgV), Ig-like C1-type (IgC1), and Ig-like C2-type (IgC2) domain. The IgV domain is also known as the ligand-binding N-terminal domain of SIRPα and SIRPγ (which binds to CD47). The human SIRPβ1/γ mutants were designed based on the full length hSIRPβ1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 38) and each individual Ig-like domain was substituted for the equivalent domain of human SIRPγ (SEQ ID NO: 40). The cDNAs encoding the constructs, hSIRP-VγC1βC2β (SEQ ID NO: 110), hSIRP-VβC1γC2β (SEQ ID NO: 112), and hSIRP-VβC1βC2γ (SEQ ID NO: 114) were synthesized (GeneArt) and subcloned into the pCI-neo vector. Binding of hSIRPα.40A to the exchange mutants was tested using CELIS A. To this end, CHO-K1 cells were transiently transfected, using Lipofectamine 2000, with the pCI-neo vectors encoding hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV2, hSIRPβ1, hSIRP-VγC1βC2β, hSIRP-VβC1γC2β, and hSIRP-VβC1βC2γ, respectively. The transfected cells were cultured at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity in medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) with 5% New Born Calf serum (Biowest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) until confluent. Subsequently, cells were trypsinized and seeded in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and cultured at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity in culture medium until confluent. Then, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with hSIRPα.40A, hSIRPα.50A, and anti-hSIRPγ clone SE5A5 antibodies. Next, cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP conjugate (Southern Biotech). After that, cells were washed three times with PBS-T and anti-hSIRPγ immunoreactivity was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm.
  • The antibody of the present invention demonstrated gain of binding to the hSIRP-VγC1βC2β mutant, indicating that hSIRPα.40A binds to the IgV domain of hSIRPγ and hSIRPγ (FIG. 19 and Table 22). EC50 values represent the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • TABLE 22
    Antibody
    anti-hSIRPα
    hSIRPα.40A hSIRPα.50A (clone SE5A5)
    hSIRPαV1 EC50(nM) 0.133 0.968 0.350
    SD 0.065 0.432 0.136
    hSIRPαV2 EC50(nM) 0.101 0.821 0.224
    SD 0.051 0.183 0.076
    hSIRPβ1 EC50(nM) nd nd 0.249
    SD nd nd 0.091
    hSIRP-VγClβC2β EC50(nM) 0.123 2.524 0.287
    SD 0.040 0.609 0.026
    hSIRP-VβC1γC2β EC50(nM) nd nd 0.309
    SD nd nd 0.140
    hSIRP-VβC1βC2γ EC50(nM) nd nd 0.231
    SD nd nd 0.079
    nd, not detected
  • To pinpoint the amino acids for interaction of hSIRPα.40A with the IgV domain, several point mutants of hSIRPαV1 were generated based on single amino acid differences between hSIRPαV1/V2 and hSIRPβ1. The following sequence alignment shows an alignment of the hSIRPα and hSIRPβ1 IgV domain.
    • Sequence Alignment of the IgV Domain:
  • Figure US20220135671A1-20220505-C00001
  • Amino acids in the hSIRPα IgV domain that are altered in hSIRPβ1 were mutated by using the QuikChange II Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene) and the full length hSIRPαV1 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 33) as donor cDNA. Binding of hSIRPα.40A to hSIRPαV1 point mutants was tested using CELISA. To this end, CHO-K1 cells were transiently transfected, using Lipofectamine 2000, with cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRPαV1 and mutants thereof, and hSIRPβ1 subcloned into the pCI-neo vector. Transfected cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity for 24 hours. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRPα antibodies (used at 10 μg/mL and dilutions thereof). Next, cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech). Subsequently, cells were washed three times with PBS-T and immunoreactivity against hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV1 mutants, and hSIRPβ1 was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm. EC50 values, the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed, were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.) (average and SD were calculated from values of two independent experiments).
  • As shown in FIG. 20 and the following Table 23, the Proline at position 74 (P74) constitues a crucial amino acid for the specific binding of hSIRPα.40A to hSIRPαV1. Expression of hSIRPαV1(P74A) (SEQ ID NO: 61), where P74 is converted to Alanine, on CHO-K1 cells results in loss of hSIRPα.40A antibody binding. This proline is not present in the IgV domain sequence of hSIRPβ1, and could play a role in the correct conformation of the IgV domain.
  • TABLE 23
    hSIRPαV1 binding hSIRPβ1 binding hSIRPαV1(P74A) binding
    EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM)
    Antibody Average SD Average SD Average SD
    hSIRPα.40A 0.065 0.006 nd nd nd nd
    hSIRPα.50A 0.534 0.152 nd nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone SE5A5) 0.163 0.008 0.156 0.009 0.149 0.013
    nd, not detected
    • Example 21: Functionality of Chimeric hSIRPα.40A mAb Variants in the Human Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay
  • The functionality of hSIRPα.40A variable domains, grafted on different Fc constant domains, was assessed by an in vitro phagocytosis assay using human macrophages. Experimental conditions for the human macrophage phagocytosis assay were similar as explained in Example 15 above. Labelled Raji lymphoma cells were mixed with assay medium containing either 10 μg/mL or 1μg/mL chimeric hSIRPα.40A antibody variants and 1μg/mL rituximab and then added to MDMs at a ratio of 2.5:1 tumor cells per phagocyte. Cells were incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity for 2 hours.
  • Analysis was performed with the Operetta automated fluorescence microscope (Perkin Elmer) and data were processed and analysed with Columbus V2.6 software. The phagocytosis of human lymphoma cells was quantified using a phagocytosis index, as follows: (number of tumor cells inside macrophages/number of macrophages)*100; counting at least 200 macrophages per sample.
  • As shown in FIG. 21, the wild-type (WT) chimeric hSIRPα.40A.hIgG4 antibody does not enhance rituximab-mediated phagocytosis, whereas inert chimeric hSIRPα.40A.hIgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 119) antibody variants containing N297Q (SEQ ID NO: 126), L234A.L235A (LALA) (SEQ ID NO: 123), or L234A.L235A.P329G (LALAPG) (SEQ ID NO: 125) mutations enhance rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Likewise, hSIRPα.40A.hIgG2 and the inert chimeric hSIRPα.40A.hIgG2 antibody variant containing V234A.G237A.P238S.H268A.V309L.A330S.P331S (Sigma) (SEQ ID NO: 122) mutations enhance rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity in a concentration-dependent manner.
    • Example 22: Functionality of Humanized hSIRPα.40A mAb Variants in the Human Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay
  • The functionality of a selected set of the humanized hSIRPα.40A antibody variants was assessed by an in vitro phagocytosis assay using human macrophages. Experimental conditions for the human macrophage phagocytosis assay were similar as explained in Example 6.
  • As shown in FIG. 22, the humanized hSIRPα.40A antibody variants enhance rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity in a concentration-dependent manner similar to antibody KWAR23 grafted on a hIgG2 Fc.
    • Example 23: Functionality of Chimeric hSIRPα.50A mAb Variants in the Human Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay
  • The functionality of hSIRPα.50A variable domains, grafted on different Fc constant domains, was assessed by in vitro phagocytosis assays using human macrophages. As shown in FIG. 23A, the chimeric hSIRPα.50A.hIgG4 antibody marginally enhances rituximab-mediated phagocytosis, whereas the chimeric hSIRPα.50A.hIgG2 antibody enhances rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity similar to the murine hSIRPα.50A.mIgG1 (SEQ ID NO: 120) antibody. FIG. 23B demonstrates that the chimeric hSIRPα.50A.hIgG2 antibody potently enhances tumor cell phagocytosis induced by rituximab in a concentration-dependent manner as compared to the human IgG2 isotype control. Similarly, hSIRPα.50A.hIgG2 enhanced daratumumab-mediated phagocytosis (anti-hCD38, used at 0.05 μg/mL) (FIG. 23C).
  • In addition, hSIRPα.50A.hIgG2 also enhanced rituximab-mediated phagocytosis in human granulocytes. As shown in FIG. 23D, the chimeric hSIRPα.50A.hIgG2 antibody enhances phagocytosis activity induced by rituximab to a similar extend as the murine hSIRPα.50A.mIgG1 antibody. Likewise, as shown in FIG. 24A, the chimeric hSIRPα.50A.hIgG1.N297Q, hSIRPα.50A.hIgG4.N297Q (SEQ ID NO: 127) or hSIRPα.50A.hIgG2 antibodies enhance rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity by human MDMs to a similar extent as the murine hSIRPα.50A.mIgG1 antibody (rituximab used at 1 μg/mL). Similar observations were made in FIG. 24B when phagocytosis was induced by daratumumab (0.05 μg/mL). As shown in FIG. 25, the chimeric hSIRPα.50A.hIgGl.N297Q and hSIRPα.50A hIgG1.L234A.L235A.P329G antibodies also enhance rituximab-mediated phagocytosis activity by human MDMs to a similar extent as the or hSIRPα.50A.hIgG2 antibody (rituximab used at 1 μg/mL). Chimeric variants of hSIRPα.50A mAb containing a wild-type hIgG1 or hIgG4 Fc region did not enhance tumor cell phagocytosis.
    • Example 24: Comparison of KWAR23, clone 18D5, hSIRPα.50A, and hSIRPα.40A Antibodies
  • A direct comparison of the specificity of monoclonal anti-hSIRPα antibodies KWAR23, clone 18D5 (SEQ ID NO: 128; SEQ ID NO: 129) from W02017/178653, hSIRPα.50A, and hSIRPα.40A for binding to hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV1(P74A), hSIRPαV2, and hSIRPβ1 was evaluated by CELISA. Reactivity was confirmed using CHO-K1 cells (ATCC CCL-61) expressing a cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV1(P74A), hSIRPαV2, and hSIRPβ1 subcloned into the pCI-neo vector (Promega, Madison, Wis.). CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1, CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1(P74A), CHO-K1.hSIRPαV2, and CHO-K1.hSIRPβ1 cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity for 24 hours. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRPα antibodies (used at 10 μg/mL and dilutions thereof). Next, cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech). Subsequently, cells were washed three times with PBS-T and immunoreactivity against hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV1(P74A), hSIRPαV2, and hSIRPβ1 was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm. EC50 values, the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed, were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.).
  • Binding to hSIRPγ was assessed by flow cytometry using the Jurkat E6.1 T cell leukemia cell line (ECACC 88042803). Jurkat cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 40 minutes with the anti-hSIRPα antibodies (20 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated for 40 minutes at 4° C. with an Alexa Fluor 647-labeled goat-anti-mouse IgG (Invitrogen) detection antibody in PBS/1% BSA. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA, containing 0.1 μg/mL DAPI (BioLegend), and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC). EC50 values, the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed, were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.).
  • As depicted in Table 24, KWAR23 and clone 18D5 antibodies cross-react with at least hSIRPβ1 and the P74A variant of hSIRPαV1. The hSIRPα.50A, and hSIRPα.40A antibodies of the present invention do not bind to either hSIRPβ1 or the P74A variant of hSIRPαV1 under the tested conditions. In this regard, the hSIRPα.50A, and hSIRPα.40A antibodies of the present invention similarly distinguish from antibody clone SIRP29 from WO2013/056352. FIGS. 7A and B of WO2017/178653 compares clone SIRP29 and KWAR23 binding to SIRPβ1 (referred to as “sirp-b”, Product No. ABIN3077231 from antibodies-online.com), demonstrating that each of clone SIRP29 and KWAR23 has nanomolar affinity for SIRPβ1.
  • TABLE 24
    hSIRPαV1(P74A) hSIRPαV2 hSIRPβ1
    hSIRPαV1 binding binding binding binding hSIRPγ binding
    Antibody EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM)
    hSIRPα.40A 0.114 nd 0.093 nd 0.369
    hSIRPα.50A 0.773 nd 0.645 nd —
    KWAR23 0.070 0.049 0.049 0.033 0.003
    18D5 0.134 0.055 nd 0.055 nd
    nd, not detected; -, not tested
  • hCD47 blockade for the KWAR23, clone 18D5, and hSIRPα.40A antibodies was assessed by flow cytometry. For this purpose, THP-1 (ATCC TIB-202) and U-937 (ATCC CRL-1593.2) monocyte cell lines were used as the source of hSIRPα in the assay. THP-1 and U-937 cells were seeded in 96-well round bottomed tissue culture plates and incubated for 45 minutes with FcR Blocking Reagent (Miltenyi Biotec) and indicated anti-hSIRPα antibodies (20 μg/mL and dilutions thereof) in PBS/1% BSA at 4° C. Next, cells were washed three times with PBS/1% BSA and incubated with 10 μg/mL DyLight 488-labeled recombinant hCD47/Fc-protein for 30 minutes at 4° C. After this labeling procedure, cells were washed two times, resuspended in PBS/1% BSA containing 0.1 μg/mL DAPI (BioLegend), and analysed by flow cytometry on the FACSVerse (BD Biosciences). Data were processed and analysed with FlowJo V10 software (FlowJo, LLC) and plotted using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.). Binding of recombinant hCD47 fused to an Fc domain of human IgG1 was monitored in the presence of increasing amounts of the anti-hSIRPα antibodies. IC50 values for the blockade of hCD47 were calculated from this data. IC50 values represent the concentration at which half of the inhibition is observed.
  • As depicted in Table 18 and Table 25, hSIRPα.40A, hSIRPα.50A, and KWAR23 antibodies block rhCD47/Fc binding to both the THP-1 and U-937 monocyte cell lines which express the hSIRPαV2 and hSIRPαV1 allele, respectively. Antibody clone 18D5 blocks rhCD47/Fc binding to the U-937 monocyte cell line but does not block rhCD47/Fc binding to the THP-1 monocyte cell line, in line with the observation that 18D5 does not bind to hSIRPαV2 (Table 24). In this regard, the hSIRPα.50A, and hSIRPα.40A antibodies of the present invention similarly distinguish from antibody clone 18D5.
  • TABLE 25
    THP-1 U-937
    Antibody IC50 (nM) IC50 (nM)
    hSIRPα.40A 0.548 1.417
    KWAR23 0.132 0.284
    18D5 nd 1.522
    nd, not detected
    • Example 25: Mapping the Interaction Interface between hSIRPα-hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα-hSIRPα.50A
  • The amino acids on hSIRPα that are bound by hSIRPα.40A or hSIRPα.50A were elucidated by a procedure that involves deuterated chemical cross-linking followed by enzymatic digestion and detection using mass spectrometry. First, antibody hSIRPα.40A and antigen rhSIRPα-HIS (SinoBiological 11612-H08H-100, SEQ ID NO: 132), or antibody hSIRPα.50A and antigen rhSIRPα-HIS were incubated to promote binding and integrity and aggregation level were verified by Ultraflex III MALDI TOF mass spectrometer (Bruker) equipped with a HM4 interaction module (CovalX). For these control experiments a dilution series of 10 μL samples of antibody or antigen (1- to 128-fold dilution, starting at 1 mg/mL) were prepared. Of each sample 9 μL was submitted to cross-linking using K200 MALDI MS analysis kit, according to the manufacturer's instructions (CovalX) and incubated for 180 minutes, while 1μL was directly used for mass spectrometry analysis (High-Mass MALDI). The mass spectrometry analysis showed the antibody and antigen had the expected molecular weight: hSIRPα.40A=151.68 kDa (152.78 kDa with cross-linker), hSIRPα.50A=151.80 kD (153.17 kDa with cross-linker), and rhSIRPα-HIS=46.05 kDa (48.67 kDa with cross-linker). For characterization of the antigen-antibody complex, a mixture was made with an excess of antigen (antigen:antibody ratio for rhSIRPα-HIS:hSIRPα.40A 10.8 μM:8.5 μM, and antigen:antibody ratio for rhSIRPα-HIS:hSIRPα.50A 5.4 μM:2.13 μM). A 9 μL sample of the antigen-antibody mixture was submitted to cross-linking using K200 MALDI MS analysis kit, according to the manufacturer's instructions, while 1 μL was directly used for mass spectrometry analysis. The detected mass of the antibody and antigen (hSIRPα.40A: 151.18 kDa, rhSIRPα-HIS 45.93 kDa, hSIRPα.50A: 151.69 kDa, rhSIRPα-HIS 46.18 kDa) corresponds to the molecular weight as detected previously. The antigen-antibody complexes, after cross-linking, were detected as two non-covalent complexes with a 1:1 (195.24 kDa) and 2:1 (240.48 kDa) stoichiometry for rhSIRPα-HIS:hSIRPα.40A, and as one non-covalent complex with a 1:1 (198.24 kDa) stoichiometry for rhSIRPα-HIS:hSIRPα.50A. Antibody and antigen bound non-covalent; non-covalent aggregates or non-specific multimers were not detected.
  • Next, peptide mass fingerprinting of rhSIRPα-HIS was performed. Samples were submitted to ASP-N, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase and thermolysin (Roche Diagnostic) proteolysis, following manufacturer's instructions followed by analysis by nLC-LTQ Orbitrap MS/MS using an Ultimate 3000 (Dionex) system in line with a LTQ Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific). This proteolysis array resulted in 98% of the sequence being covered by the identified peptides.
  • To determine the interacting amino acids of antibody hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A on rhSIRPα-HIS antigen with high resolution, the antigen-antibody complex (rhSIRPα-HIS:hSIRPα.40A ratio 10.8 μM:8.5 μM, rhSIRPα-HIS:hSIRPα.50A ratio 5.4 p.1\4:2.13 μM) was incubated with deuterated cross-linkers d0/d12 (K200 MALDI Kit) for 180 minutes and subjected to multi-enzymatic cleavage with the enzymes ASP-N, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase and thermolysin. After enrichment of the cross-linked peptides, the samples were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry (nLC-Orbitrap MS) and the data generated were analyzed using XQuest (Jin Lee, Mol. Biosyst. 4:816-823 (2008)) and Stavrox (Gotze et al., J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 23:76-87 (2012)). The interacting amino acids of hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A to rhSIRPα-HIS were mapped onto human SIRPαV1 (SEQ ID NO: 34). Cross-linked residues of hSIRPα.40A are depicted as bold, boxed, and hSIRPα.50A as bold, underlined:
  • MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSVLVAAGET
    ATLRCTATSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPGRELIYNQ K EG H FPRVTTVSDLTKRN
    NMDF
    Figure US20220135671A1-20220505-P00001
    IRIGNITPADAGT YY CVKFRKGSPDDVEF
    Figure US20220135671A1-20220505-P00002
    SGAGTELSVRA
    Figure US20220135671A1-20220505-P00003
    PSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWFKNGNELSDF
    QTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEVAHVTLQGDPLRGTAN
    LSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVRKFYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRT
    ETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSAHRDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDL
    KVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSNERNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIR
    QKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPEKNAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEP
    NNHTEYASIQTSPQPASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYA
    SVQVPRK
  • The C-alpha distance between residue P74 and the identified cross-linked residues was measured in Discovery Studio using the crystal structure of SIRPα (PDB ID 4CMM). The cross-linked residues identified for hSIRPα.50A are within 14.0 to 21.4 angstrom C-alpha atom distance from residue P74; the cross-linked residues identified for hSIRPα.40A are within 16.2 to 33.5 angstrom C-alpha atom distance from residue P74. The C-alpha distances fit within the expected range for an epitope-paratope surface area of 700 Å2 (Rowley et al., Biotech. Ann. Rev. 10:151-188 (2004)). The identified residues and surface area are distinctly different from the binding epitope of anti-hSIRPα antibody KWAR23 (Ring et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114:E10578-E10585 (2017)).
    • Example 26: Comparison of hSIRPα Antibodies for Binding to hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV1(P74A), and hSIRPβ1
  • The specificity of monoclonal anti-hSIRPα antibodies (e.g., including the hSIRPα antibodies known in the art, KWAR23 (U.S. Patent CA2939293 Al), 18D5 (Patent WO2017/178653 A2), and various commercially available hSIRPα antibodies) for binding to hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV1(P74A), and hSIRPβ1 was evaluated by CELISA. Reactivity was confirmed using CHO-K1 cells (ATCC CCL-61) expressing a cDNA encoding the full length open reading frame of hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV1(P74A), and hSIRPβ1 subcloned into the pCI-neo vector (Promega, Madison, Wis.). CHO-Kl.hSIRPαV1, CHO-K1.hSIRPαV1(P74A), and CHO-K1.hSIRPβ1 cells were seeded in culture medium (DMEM-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 5% New Born Calf Serum (BioWest) and Pen/Strep (Gibco)) in 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture plates and incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity for 24 hours. Subsequently, culture medium was removed and cells were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with purified hSIRPα antibodies (used at 10 μg/ml and dilutions thereof). Next, cells were washed with PBS-T and incubated for 1 hour at 37° C., 5% CO2 and 95% humidity with either goat-anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech), goat-anti-human IgG-HRP (Jackson Immuno Research), or goat-anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech). Subsequently, cells were washed three times with PBS-T and immunoreactivity against hSIRPαV1, hSIRPαV1(P74A), and hSIRPβ1 was visualized with TMB Stabilized Chromogen (Invitrogen). Reactions were stopped with 0.5 M H2SO4 and absorbances were read at 450 and 610 nm. EC50 values, the concentration at which 50% of the total binding signal is observed, were calculated using GraphPad Prism 6 (GraphPad Software, Inc.)
  • As depicted in Table 26, KWAR23, clone 18D5, and all commercially available monoclonal anti-hSIRPα antibodies are able to bind to the P74A variant of hSIRPαV1 whereas the hSIRPα.40A and hSIRPα.50A antibodies of the present invention do not bind to the P74A variant of hSIRPαV1 under the tested conditions.
  • TABLE 26
    hSIRPαV1 hSIRPαV1(P74A) hSIRP01
    binding binding binding
    Antibody EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM) EC50 (nM)
    hSIRPα.40A 0.053 nd nd
    hSIRPα.50A 0.307 nd nd
    KWAR23 0.135 0.077 0.065
    18D5 0.128 0.073 0.064
    anti-hSIRPα (clone SE5A5) 0.156 0.207 0.105
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 7133) 0.122 0.141 0.115
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 106) 0.329 0.440 >2.817
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 27) nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone SE7C2) >7.010 >6.139 nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone P3C4) 0.179 0.197 0.160
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 2A4A5) nd nd >6.456
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 15-414) nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 1H1) nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone C-7) nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 03) >8.247 >8.992 >6.092
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 5E10) nd nd nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 602411) 0.047 0.076 0.051
    anti-hSIRPα (clone
    EPR16264) >1.166 >1.999 nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone D6I3M) >6.413 >121.509 nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone 001) >0.868 >1.192 nd
    anti-hSIRPα (clone REA144) >3.661 >4.793 >3.075
    nd, not detected
    • Example 27: Sequences Refererred to in the Specification
  • SEQ ID
    Description NO: SEQUENCE
    50A heavy chain 1 NYYIH
    CDR1 (amino acid
    sequence)
    50A heavy chain 2 WIYPGNVNTKYNEKFKA
    CDR2 (amino acid
    sequence)
    50A heavy chain 3 PTIIATDFDV
    CDR3 (amino acid
    sequence)
    50A light chain CDR1 4 KASQGVGTAVG
    (amino acid sequence)
    50A light chain CDR2 5 WASTRHT
    (amino acid sequence)
    50A light chain CDR3 6 QQYSTYPFT
    (amino acid sequence)
    humanized 50 heavy 7 EVQLX1X2SGX3EX4VKPGASVX5X6SCKASGFTFTNYYTHWVRQX7P
    chain variable region X8QGLEWX9GWIYPGNVNTKYNEKFKAX10X11X12X13TADKSTSTX14
    (consensus sequence) YMX15LSSLX16SX17DX18AVYYCARPTITATDFDVWGQGTX19VTVS
    S
    wherein:
    X1 = Q, V
    X2 = Q, E
    X3 = A, S
    X4 = V, L
    X5 = K, M
    X6 = V, I
    X7 = A, R
    X8 = G, E
    X9 = I, M
    X10 = R, K
    X11 = V, A
    X12 = T, I
    X13 = I, M
    X14 = A, V
    X15 = D, E, Q
    X16 = R, T
    X17 = E, D
    X18 = T, M
    X19 = T, L
    humanized 50 light 8 X1X2X3X4TQSPSX5LSASVGDRVTITCKASQGVGTAVGWYQX6KPGK
    chain variable region X7PKLLIYWASTRHTGVPDRFSGSGSGTX8FTLX9IX10X11LQPEDX
    (consensus sequence) 12AX13YYCQQYSTYPFTFGGGTKX14EIK
    wherein:
    X1 = D, E
    X2 = I, L
    X3 = V, Q
    X4 = L, M
    X5 = F, S
    X6 = Q, K
    X7 = A, S, V
    X8 = E, D
    X9 = T, A
    X10 = S, N
    X11 = S, N, G
    X12 = F, I, V
    X13 = A, D, T
    X14 = L, V
    hSIRPα.50AVH1 9 GAAGTGCAGCTGCAGCAGTCTGGCGCCGAGGTCGTGAAACCTGGCG
    (nucleotide sequence) CCTCTGTGAAGGTGTCCTGCAAGGCCTCCGGCTTCACCTTCACCAA
    CTACTACATCCACTGGGTGCGACAGGCCCCAGGCCAGGGACTGGAA
    TGGATCGGCTGGATCTACCCCGGCAACGTGAACACCAAGTACAACG
    AGAAGTTCAAGGCCCGCGTGACCATCACCGCCGACAAGTCTACCTC
    CACCGCCTACATGGACCTGTCCTCCCTGAGATCCGAGGACACCGCC
    GTGTACTACTGCGCCAGACCCACCATCATTGCCACCGACTTCGACG
    TGTGGGGCCAGGGCACAACCGTGACCGTGTCCTCT
    hSIRPα.50AVH1 10 EVQLQQSGAEVVKPGASVKVSCKASGFTFTNYYIHWVRQAPGQGLE
    (amino acid sequence) WIGWIYPGNVNTKYNEKFKARVTITADKSTSTAYMDLSSLRSEDTA
    VYYCARPTIIATDFDVWGQGTTVTVSS
    hSIRPα.50AVH2 11 GAAGTGCAGCTGGTGGAATCCGGCTCCGAGCTCGTGAAGCCTGGCG
    (nucleotide sequence) CCTCCGTGAAGGTGTCCTGCAAGGCCTCTGGCTTCACCTTCACCAA
    CTACTACATCCACTGGGTGCGACAGGCCCCAGGCCAGGGACTGGAA
    TGGATGGGCTGGATCTACCCCGGCAACGTGAACACCAAGTACAACG
    AGAAGTTCAAGGCCAAGGCCACCATCACCGCCGACAAGTCCACCTC
    CACCGCCTACATGGAACTGTCCTCCCTGCGGAGCGAGGACACCGCC
    GTGTACTACTGTGCCCGGCCTACCATCATTGCCACCGACTTCGATG
    TGTGGGGCCAGGGCACACTCGTGACCGTGTCCTCT
    hSIRPα.50AVH2 12 EVQLVESGSELVKPGASVKVSCKASGFTFTNYYIHWVRQAPGQGLE
    (amino acid sequence) WMGWIYPGNVNTKYNEKFKAKATITADKSTSTAYMELSSLRSEDTA
    VYYCARPTIIATDFDVWGQGTLVTVSS
    hSIRPα.50AVH3 13 GAAGTGCAGCTGGTGCAGTCTGGCGCCGAGGTCGTGAAACCTGGCG
    (nucleotide sequence) CCTCCGTGATGATCTCCTGCAAGGCCTCCGGCTTCACCTTCACCAA
    CTACTACATCCACTGGGTGCGACAGCGGCCAGGCCAGGGACTGGAA
    TGGATCGGCTGGATCTACCCCGGCAACGTGAACACCAAGTACAACG
    AGAAGTTCAAGGCCCGCGTGATCATGACCGCCGACAAGTCCACCTC
    CACCGTGTACATGCAGCTGTCCTCCCTGACCTCCGAGGACACCGCC
    GTGTACTACTGCGCCAGACCCACCATCATTGCCACCGACTTCGACG
    TGTGGGGCCAGGGCACACTCGTGACCGTGTCCTCT
    hSIRPα.50AVH3 14 EVQLVQSGAEVVKPGASVMISCKASGFTFTNYYIHWVRQRPGQGLE
    (amino acid sequence) WIGWIYPGNVNTKYNEKFKARVIMTADKSTSTVYMQLSSLTSEDTA
    VYYCARPTIIATDFDVWGQGTLVTVSS
    hSIRPα.50AVH4 15 GAAGTGCAGCTGCAGCAGTCTGGCGCCGAGCTCGTGAAACCTGGCG
    (nucleotide sequence) CCTCTGTGAAGGTGTCCTGCAAGGCCTCCGGCTTCACCTTCACCAA
    CTACTACATCCACTGGGTGCGACAGCGGCCAGGCCAGGGACTGGAA
    TGGATGGGCTGGATCTACCCCGGCAACGTGAACACCAAGTACAACG
    AGAAGTTCAAGGCCAAGGCCACCATCACCGCCGACAAGTCCACCTC
    CACCGCCTACATGGAACTGTCCTCCCTGACCTCCGAGGACACCGCC
    GTGTACTACTGCGCCAGACCCACCATCATTGCCACCGACTTCGACG
    TGTGGGGCCAGGGCACAACCGTGACCGTGTCCTCT
    hSIRPα.50AVH4 16 EVQLQQSGAELVKPGASVKVSCKASGFTFTNYYIHWVRQRPGQGLE
    (amino acid sequence) WMGWIYPGNVNTKYNEKFKAKATITADKSTSTAYMELSSLTSEDTA
    VYYCARPTIIATDFDVWGQGTTVTVSS
    hSIRPα.50AVH5 17 GAAGTGCAGCTGGTGCAGTCTGGCGCCGAGGTCGTGAAACCTGGCG
    (nucleotide sequence) CCTCTGTGAAGGTGTCCTGCAAGGCCTCCGGCTTCACCTTCACCAA
    CTACTACATCCACTGGGTGCGACAGGCCCCCGAGCAGGGACTGGAA
    TGGATCGGCTGGATCTACCCCGGCAACGTGAACACCAAGTACAACG
    AGAAGTTCAAGGCCCGCGTGACCATGACCGCCGACAAGTCTACCTC
    CACCGCCTACATGGAACTGTCCTCCCTGCGGAGCGACGACATGGCC
    GTGTACTACTGCGCCAGACCCACCATCATTGCCACCGACTTCGACG
    TGTGGGGCCAGGGCACAACCGTGACCGTGTCCTCT
    hSIRPα.50AVH5 18 EVQLVQSGAEVVKPGASVKVSCKASGFTFTNYYIHWVRQAPEQGLE
    (amino acid sequence) WIGWIYPGNVNTKYNEKFKARVTMTADKSTSTAYMELSSLRSDDMA
    VYYCARPTIIATDFDVWGQGTTVTVSS
    hSIRPα.50AVL1 19 GACATCGTGCTGACCCAGTCCCCCAGCTTCCTGTCTGCCTCTGTGG
    (nucleotide sequence) GCGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCTCTCAGGGCGTGGGCAC
    CGCTGTGGGATGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCTGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTG
    CTGATCTACTGGGCCTCTACCAGACACACCGGCGTGCCCGACAGAT
    TCTCCGGCTCTGGCTCTGGCACCGAGTTTACCCTGACCATCTCCAG
    CCTGCAGCCCGAGGATTTCGCCGCCTACTACTGCCAGCAGTACTCC
    ACCTACCCCTTCACCTTCGGCGGAGGCACCAAGCTGGAAATCAAG
    hSIRPα.50AVL1 20 DIVLTQSPSFLSASVGDRVTITCKASQGVGTAVGWYQQKPGKAPKL
    (amino acid sequence) LIYWASTRHTGVPDRFSGSGSGTEFTLTISSLQPEDFAAYYCQQYS
    TYPFTFGGGTKLEIK
    hSIRPα.50AVL2 21 GACATCGTGATGACCCAGTCCCCCTCCAGCCTGTCTGCCTCTGTGG
    (nucleotide sequence) GCGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCTCTCAGGGCGTGGGCAC
    CGCTGTGGGATGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCTGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTG
    CTGATCTACTGGGCCTCTACCAGACACACCGGCGTGCCCGACAGAT
    TCTCCGGCTCTGGCTCTGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCTCCAA
    CCTGCAGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCGACTACTACTGCCAGCAGTACTCC
    ACCTACCCCTTCACCTTCGGCGGAGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG
    hSIRPα.50AVL2 22 DIVMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQGVGTAVGWYQQKPGKAPKL
    (amino acid sequence) LIYWASTRHTGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISNLQPEDFADYYCQQYS
    TYPFTFGGGTKVEIK
    hSIRPα.50AVL3 23 GAGCTCGTGATGACCCAGTCCCCTTCCAGCCTGTCTGCCTCCGTGG
    (nucleotide sequence) GCGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCTCTCAGGGCGTGGGCAC
    CGCTGTGGGATGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCTGGCAAGGCCCCCAAGCTG
    CTGATCTACTGGGCCTCTACCAGACACACCGGCGTGCCCGACAGAT
    TCTCCGGCTCTGGCTCTGGCACCGACTTTACCCTGGCCATCTCCAG
    CCTGCAGCCCGAGGATATCGCCGACTACTACTGCCAGCAGTACTCC
    ACCTACCCCTTCACCTTCGGCGGAGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG
    hSIRPα.50AVL3 24 ELVMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQGVGTAVGWYQQKPGKAPKL
    (amino acid sequence) LIYWASTRHTGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLAISSLQPEDIADYYCQQYS
    TYPFTFGGGTKVEIK
    hSIRPα.50AVL4 25 GACATCCAGATGACCCAGTCCCCCTCCAGCCTGTCTGCCTCTGTGG
    (nucleotide sequence) GCGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCTCTCAGGGCGTGGGCAC
    CGCTGTGGGCTGGTATCAGAAAAAGCCCGGCAAGGTGCCCAAGCTG
    CTGATCTACTGGGCCTCCACCAGACACACCGGCGTGCCCGATAGAT
    TCTCCGGCTCTGGCTCTGGCACCGACTTCACCCTGACCATCAACGG
    CCTGCAGCCTGAGGACGTGGCCACCTACTACTGCCAGCAGTACTCC
    ACCTACCCCTTCACCTTCGGCGGAGGCACCAAGCTGGAAATCAAG
    hSIRPα.50AVL4 26 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCKASQGVGTAVGWYQKKPGKVPKL
    (amino acid sequence) LIYWASTRHTGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTINGLQPEDVATYYCQQYS
    TYPFTFGGGTKLEIK
    hSIRPα.50AVL5 27 GACATCGTGCTGACCCAGTCCCCCAGCTTCCTGTCTGCCTCTGTGG
    (nucleotide sequence) GCGACAGAGTGACCATCACATGCAAGGCCTCTCAGGGCGTGGGCAC
    CGCTGTGGGATGGTATCAGCAGAAGCCCGGCAAGTCCCCCAAGCTG
    CTGATCTACTGGGCCTCCACCAGACACACCGGCGTGCCCGATAGAT
    TCTCCGGCTCTGGCTCTGGCACCGAGTTCACCCTGACCATCTCCAA
    CCTGCAGCCCGAGGACTTCGCCGCCTACTACTGCCAGCAGTACTCC
    ACCTACCCCTTCACCTTCGGCGGAGGCACCAAGCTGGAAATCAAG
    hSIRPα.50AVL5 28 DIVLTQSPSFLSASVGDRVTITCKASQGVGTAVGWYQQKPGKSPKL
    (amino acid sequence) LIYWASTRHTGVPDRFSGSGSGTEFTLTISNLQPEDFAAYYCQQYS
    TYPFTFGGGTKLEIK
    hSIRPα.50A mouse 29 CAGGTCCAGCTGCAGCAGTCTGGACCTGAACTGGTGAAGCCTGGGG
    VH (nucleotide CTTCAGTTAGGATATCCTGCAAGGCTTCTGGCTTCACCTTCACAAA
    sequence) CTACTATATACACTGGGTGAAGCAGAGGCCTGGACAGGGACTTGAG
    TGGATTGGATGGATTTATCCTGGAAATGTTAATACTAAGTACAATG
    AGAAGTTCAAGGCCAAGGCCACACTGACTGCAGACAAATCCTCCAC
    CACAGCCTACATGCAGCTCAGCAGCCTGGCCTCTGAGGACTCTGCG
    GTCTATTTCTGTGCAAGACCTACGATAATAGCTACGGACTTCGATG
    TCTGGGGCGCAGGGACCACGGTCACCGTCTCCTCA
    hSIRPα.50A mouse 30 QVQLQQSGPELVKPGASVRISCKASGFTFTNYYIHWVKQRPGQGLE
    VH (amino acid WIGWIYPGNVNTKYNEKFKAKATLTADKSSTTAYMQLSSLASEDSA
    sequence) VYFCARPTIIATDFDVWGAGTTVTVSS
    hSIRPα.50A mouse 31 GACATTGTCATGACCCAGTCTCACAAATTCATGTCCACATCAGTAG
    VL (nucleotide GAGACAGGGTCAACATCACCTGCAAGGCCAGTCAGGGTGTGGGTAC
    sequence) TGCTGTAGGCTGGTATCAACAGAAACCAGGGCAATCTCCTAGACTA
    CTGATTTACTGGGCATCCACCCGGCACACTGGAGTCCCTGATCGCT
    TCACAGGCAGTGGATCTGGGACAGATTTCAGTCTCGCCATTAGCAA
    TGTGCAGTCTGAAGACCTGGCAGATTATTTCTGTCAGCAATATAGC
    ACCTATCCGTTCACGTTCGGAGGGGGGACCAATCTAGAAATAAAA
    hSIRPα.50A mouse 32 DIVMTQSHKFMSTSVGDRVNITCKASQGVGTAVGWYQQKPGQSPRL
    VL (amino acid LIYWASTRHTGVPDRFTGSGSGTDFSLAISNVQSEDLADYFCQQYS
    sequence) TYPFTFGGGTNLEIK
    human SIRPαV1 33 ATGGAGCCCGCCGGCCCGGCCCCCGGCCGCCTCGGGCCGCTGCTCT
    (nucleotide sequence) GCCTGCTGCTCGCCGCGTCCTGCGCCTGGTCAGGAGTGGCGGGTGA
    GGAGGAGCTGCAGGTGATTCAGCCTGACAAGTCCGTGTTGGTTGCA
    GCTGGAGAGACAGCCACTCTGCGCTGCACTGCGACCTCTCTGATCC
    CTGTGGGGCCCATCCAGTGGTTCAGAGGAGCTGGACCAGGCCGGGA
    ATTAATCTACAATCAAAAAGAAGGCCACTTCCCCCGGGTAACAACT
    GTTTCAGACCTCACAAAGAGAAACAACATGGACTTTTCCATCCGCA
    TCGGTAACATCACCCCAGCAGATGCCGGCACCTACTACTGTGTGAA
    GTTCCGGAAAGGGAGCCCCGATGACGTGGAGTTTAAGTCTGGAGCA
    GGCACTGAGCTGTCTGTGCGCGCCAAACCCTCTGCCCCCGTGGTAT
    CGGGCCCTGCGGCGAGGGCCACACCTCAGCACACAGTGAGCTTCAC
    CTGCGAGTCCCACGGCTTCTCACCCAGAGACATCACCCTGAAATGG
    TTCAAAAATGGGAATGAGCTCTCAGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACC
    CCGTAGGAGAGAGCGTGTCCTACAGCATCCACAGCACAGCCAAGGT
    GGTGCTGACCCGCGAGGACGTTCACTCTCAAGTCATCTGCGAGGTG
    GCCCACGTCACCTTGCAGGGGGACCCTCTTCGTGGGACTGCCAACT
    TGTCTGAGACCATCCGAGTTCCACCCACCTTGGAGGTTACTCAACA
    GCCCGTGAGGGCAGAGAACCAGGTGAATGTCACCTGCCAGGTGAGG
    AAGTTCTACCCCCAGAGACTACAGCTGACCTGGTTGGAGAATGGAA
    ACGTGTCCCGGACAGAAACGGCCTCAACCGTTACAGAGAACAAGGA
    TGGTACCTACAACTGGATGAGCTGGCTCCTGGTGAATGTATCTGCC
    CACAGGGATGATGTGAAGCTCACCTGCCAGGTGGAGCATGACGGGC
    AGCCAGCGGTCAGCAAAAGCCATGACCTGAAGGTCTCAGCCCACCC
    GAAGGAGCAGGGCTCAAATACCGCCGCTGAGAACACTGGATCTAAT
    GAACGGAACATCTATATTGTGGTGGGTGTGGTGTGCACCTTGCTGG
    TGGCCCTACTGATGGCGGCCCTCTACCTCGTCCGAATCAGACAGAA
    GAAAGCCCAGGGCTCCACTTCTTCTACAAGGTTGCATGAGCCCGAG
    AAGAATGCCAGAGAAATAACACAGGACACAAATGATATCACATATG
    CAGACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGGAAGAAGCCTGCTCCCCAGGCTGC
    GGAGCCCAACAACCACACGGAGTATGCCAGCATTCAGACCAGCCCG
    CAGCCCGCGTCGGAGGACACCCTCACCTATGCTGACCTGGACATGG
    TCCACCTCAACCGGACCCCCAAGCAGCCGGCCCCCAAGCCTGAGCC
    GTCCTTCTCAGAGTACGCCAGCGTCCAGGTCCCGAGGAAG
    human SIRPαV1 34 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSVLVA
    (amino acid sequence) AGETATLRCTATSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSDLTKRNNMDFSIRIGNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGA
    GTELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKW
    FKNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEV
    AHVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVR
    KFYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSA
    HRDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSN
    ERNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPE
    KNAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSP
    QPASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    human SIRPαV2 35 ATGGAACCTGCCGGACCTGCCCCTGGCAGACTGGGACCTCTGCTGT
    (nucleotide sequence) GTCTGCTGCTGGCCGCCTCTTGTGCTTGGAGCGGAGTGGCTGGCGA
    AGAGGAACTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGACAAGAGCGTGTCCGTGGCT
    GCTGGCGAGTCTGCCATCCTGCACTGTACCGTGACCAGCCTGATCC
    CCGTGGGCCCCATCCAGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCCCTGCCAGAGA
    GCTGATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACC
    GTGTCCGAGAGCACCAAGCGCGAGAACATGGACTTCAGCATCAGCA
    TCTCCAACATCACCCCTGCCGACGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAA
    GTTCAGAAAGGGCAGCCCCGACACCGAGTTCAAGAGCGGCGCTGGA
    ACCGAGCTGTCTGTGCGGGCTAAGCCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGTCTG
    GACCTGCCGCCAGAGCTACACCTCAGCACACCGTGTCTTTCACATG
    CGAGAGCCACGGCTTCAGCCCCAGAGACATCACCCTGAAGTGGTTC
    AAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACCCTG
    TGGGCGAGTCCGTGTCCTACAGCATCCACAGCACCGCCAAGGTGGT
    GCTGACCCGCGAGGATGTGCACAGCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGGTGGCC
    CACGTGACACTGCAGGGCGATCCTCTGAGAGGCACCGCTAACCTGA
    GCGAGACAATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCAGCC
    CGTGCGGGCTGAGAACCAAGTGAACGTGACCTGCCAAGTGCGGAAG
    TTCTACCCTCAGAGACTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGAAACG
    TGTCCAGAACCGAGACAGCCAGCACCGTGACAGAGAACAAGGACGG
    CACATACAACTGGATGAGCTGGCTGCTCGTGAACGTGTCCGCCCAC
    AGAGATGACGTGAAGCTGACATGCCAGGTGGAACACGACGGCCAGC
    CTGCCGTGTCTAAGAGCCACGACCTGAAGGTGTCCGCTCACCCCAA
    AGAGCAGGGCAGCAACACCGCCGCTGAGAACACAGGCAGCAACGAG
    AGAAACATCTACATCGTCGTGGGCGTCGTGTGCACCCTGCTGGTGG
    CTCTGCTGATGGCTGCCCTGTACCTCGTGCGGATCAGACAGAAGAA
    GGCCCAGGGCTCCACCTCCAGCACCAGACTGCACGAGCCTGAGAAG
    AACGCCCGCGAGATCACCCAGGACACCAACGACATCACCTACGCCG
    ACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGAAGCCTGCCCCTCAGGCTGCCGA
    GCCTAACAACCACACAGAGTACGCCAGCATCCAGACCAGCCCTCAG
    CCTGCCAGCGAGGACACACTGACATACGCCGATCTGGACATGGTGC
    ACCTGAACAGAACCCCCAAGCAGCCCGCTCCCAAGCCCGAGCCTAG
    CTTCTCTGAGTACGCCTCCGTGCAGGTGCCCAGAAAA
    human SIRPαV2 36 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSVSVA
    (amino acid sequence) AGESAILHCTVTSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPARELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSESTKRENMDFSISISNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDTEFKSGAG
    TELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWF
    KNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEVA
    HVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVRK
    FYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSAH
    RDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSNE
    RNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPEK
    NAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSPQ
    PASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    human SIRPβ1 37 ATGCCCGTGCCAGCCTCCTGGCCCCACCTTCCTAGTCCTTTCCTGC
    (nucleotide sequence) TGATGACGCTACTGCTGGGGAGACTCACAGGAGTGGCAGGTGAGGA
    CGAGCTACAGGTGATTCAGCCTGAAAAGTCCGTATCAGTTGCAGCT
    GGAGAGTCGGCCACTCTGCGCTGTGCTATGACGTCCCTGATCCCTG
    TGGGGCCCATCATGTGGTTTAGAGGAGCTGGAGCAGGCCGGGAATT
    AATCTACAATCAGAAAGAAGGCCACTTCCCACGGGTAACAACTGTT
    TCAGAACTCACAAAGAGAAACAACCTGGACTTTTCCATCAGCATCA
    GTAACATCACCCCAGCAGACGCCGGCACCTACTACTGTGTGAAGTT
    CCGGAAAGGGAGCCCTGACGACGTGGAGTTTAAGTCTGGAGCAGGC
    ACTGAGCTGTCTGTGCGCGCCAAACCCTCTGCCCCCGTGGTATCGG
    GCCCTGCGGTGAGGGCCACACCTGAGCACACAGTGAGCTTCACCTG
    CGAGTCCCATGGCTTCTCTCCCAGAGACATCACCCTGAAATGGTTC
    AAAAATGGGAATGAGCTCTCAGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACCCCG
    CAGGAGACAGTGTGTCCTACAGCATCCACAGCACAGCCAGGGTGGT
    GCTGACCCGTGGGGACGTTCACTCTCAAGTCATCTGCGAGATAGCC
    CACATCACCTTGCAGGGGGACCCTCTTCGTGGGACTGCCAACTTGT
    CTGAGGCCATCCGAGTTCCACCCACCTTGGAGGTTACTCAACAGCC
    CATGAGGGCAGAGAACCAGGCAAACGTCACCTGCCAGGTGAGCAAT
    TTCTACCCCCGGGGACTACAGCTGACCTGGTTGGAGAATGGAAATG
    TGTCCCGGACAGAAACAGCTTCGACCCTCATAGAGAACAAGGATGG
    CACCTACAACTGGATGAGCTGGCTCCTGGTGAACACCTGTGCCCAC
    AGGGACGATGTGGTGCTCACCTGTCAGGTGGAGCATGATGGGCAGC
    AAGCAGTCAGCAAAAGCTATGCCCTGGAGATCTCAGCGCACCAGAA
    GGAGCACGGCTCAGATATCACCCATGAAGCAGCGCTGGCTCCTACT
    GCTCCACTCCTCGTAGCTCTCCTCCTGGGCCCCAAGCTGCTACTGG
    TGGTTGGTGTCTCTGCCATCTACATCTGCTGGAAACAGAAGGCC
    human SIRPβ1 (amino 38 MPVPASWPHLPSPFLLMTLLLGRLTGVAGEDELQVIQPEKSVSVAA
    acid sequence) GESATLRCAMTSLIPVGPIMWFRGAGAGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTTV
    SELTKRNNLDFSISISNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGAG
    TELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAVRATPEHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWF
    KNGNELSDFQTNVDPAGDSVSYSIHSTARVVLTRGDVHSQVICEIA
    HITLQGDPLRGTANLSEAIRVPPTLEVTQQPMRAENQANVTCQVSN
    FYPRGLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTLIENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNTCAH
    RDDVVLTCQVEHDGQQAVSKSYALEISAHQKEHGSDITHEAALAPT
    APLLVALLLGPKLLLVVGVSAIYICWKQKA
    human SIRPγ 39 ATGCCTGTCCCAGCCTCCTGGCCCCATCCTCCTGGTCCTTTCCTGC
    (nucleotide sequence) TTCTGACTCTACTGCTGGGACTTACAGAAGTGGCAGGTGAGGAGGA
    GCTACAGATGATTCAGCCTGAGAAGCTCCTGTTGGTCACAGTTGGA
    AAGACAGCCACTCTGCACTGCACTGTGACCTCCCTGCTTCCCGTGG
    GACCCGTCCTGTGGTTCAGAGGAGTTGGACCAGGCCGGGAATTAAT
    CTACAATCAAAAAGAAGGCCACTTCCCCAGGGTAACAACAGTTTCA
    GACCTCACAAAGAGAAACAACATGGACTTTTCCATCCGCATCAGTA
    GCATCACCCCAGCAGATGTCGGCACATACTACTGTGTGAAGTTTCG
    AAAAGGGAGCCCTGAGAACGTGGAGTTTAAGTCTGGACCAGGCACT
    GAGATGGCTTTGGGTGCCAAACCCTCTGCCCCCGTGGTATTGGGCC
    CTGCGGCGAGGACCACACCTGAGCATACAGTGAGTTTCACCTGTGA
    GTCCCATGGCTTCTCTCCCAGAGACATCACCCTGAAATGGTTCAAA
    AATGGGAATGAGCTCTCAGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACCCCACAG
    GACAGAGTGTGGCCTACAGCATCCGCAGCACAGCCAGGGTGGTACT
    GGACCCCTGGGACGTTCGCTCTCAGGTCATCTGCGAGGTGGCCCAT
    GTCACCTTGCAGGGGGACCCTCTTCGTGGGACTGCCAACTTGTCTG
    AGGCCATCCGAGTTCCACCCACCTTGGAGGTTACTCAACAGCCCAT
    GAGGGTGGGGAACCAGGTAAACGTCACCTGCCAGGTGAGGAAGTTC
    TACCCCCAGAGCCTACAGCTGACCTGGTCGGAGAATGGAAACGTGT
    GCCAGAGAGAAACAGCCTCGACCCTTACAGAGAACAAGGATGGTAC
    CTACAACTGGACAAGCTGGTTCCTGGTGAACATATCTGACCAAAGG
    GATGATGTGGTCCTCACCTGCCAGGTGAAGCATGATGGGCAGCTGG
    CGGTCAGCAAACGCCTTGCCCTAGAGGTCACAGTCCACCAGAAGGA
    CCAGAGCTCAGATGCTACCCCTGGCCCGGCATCATCCCTTACTGCG
    CTGCTCCTCATAGCTGTCCTCCTGGGCCCCATCTACGTCCCCTGGA
    AGCAGAAGACC
    human SIRPγ (amino 40 MPVPASWPHPPGPFLLLTLLLGLTEVAGEEELQMIQPEKLLLVTVG
    acid sequence) KTATLHCTVTSLLPVGPVLWFRGVGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTTVS
    DLTKRNNMDFSIRISSITPADVGTYYCVKFRKGSPENVEFKSGPGT
    EMALGAKPSAPVVLGPAARTTPEHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWFK
    NGNELSDFQTNVDPTGQSVAYSIRSTARVVLDPWDVRSQVICEVAH
    VTLQGDPLRGTANLSEAIRVPPTLEVTQQPMRVGNQVNVTCQVRKF
    YPQSLQLTWSENGNVCQRETASTLTENKDGTYNWTSWFLVNISDQR
    DDVVLTCQVKHDGQLAVSKRLALEVTVHQKDQSSDATPGPASSLTA
    LLLIAVLLGPIYVPWKQKT
    human CD47 41 ATGTGGCCTCTGGTGGCCGCTCTGCTGCTGGGCTCTGCTTGTTGTG
    (nucleotide sequence) GATCCGCCCAGCTGCTGTTCAACAAGACCAAGTCCGTGGAGTTCAC
    CTTCTGCAACGATACCGTCGTGATCCCCTGCTTCGTGACCAACATG
    GAAGCCCAGAACACCACCGAGGTGTACGTGAAGTGGAAGTTCAAGG
    GCCGGGACATCTACACCTTCGACGGCGCCCTGAACAAGTCCACCGT
    GCCCACCGATTTCTCCAGCGCCAAGATCGAGGTGTCACAGCTGCTG
    AAGGGCGACGCCTCCCTGAAGATGGACAAGTCCGACGCCGTGTCCC
    ACACCGGCAACTACACCTGTGAAGTGACCGAGCTGACCAGAGAGGG
    CGAGACAATCATCGAGCTGAAGTACCGGGTGGTGTCCTGGTTCAGC
    CCCAACGAGAACATCCTGATCGTGATCTTCCCCATCTTCGCCATCC
    TGCTGTTCTGGGGCCAGTTCGGCATCAAGACCCTGAAGTACAGATC
    CGGCGGCATGGACGAAAAGACAATCGCCCTGCTGGTGGCTGGCCTC
    GTGATCACCGTGATTGTGATCGTGGGCGCTATCCTGTTCGTGCCCG
    GCGAGTACAGCCTGAAGAATGCTACCGGCCTGGGCCTGATTGTGAC
    CTCCACCGGAATCCTGATCCTGCTGCACTACTACGTGTTCTCCACC
    GCTATCGGCCTGACCTCCTTCGTGATCGCCATTCTCGTGATCCAAG
    TGATCGCCTACATCCTGGCCGTCGTGGGCCTGTCCCTGTGTATCGC
    CGCCTGCATCCCTATGCACGGCCCCCTGCTGATCTCCGGCCTGTCT
    ATTCTGGCCCTGGCTCAGCTGCTGGGACTGGTGTACATGAAGTTCG
    TGGCCTCCAACCAGAAAACCATCCAGCCCCCTCGGAAGGCCGTGGA
    AGAACCCCTGAACGCCTTCAAAGAATCCAAGGGCATGATGAACGAC
    GAA
    human CD47 (amino 42 MWPLVAALLLGSACCGSAQLLFNKTKSVEFTFCNDTVVIPCFVTNM
    acid sequence) EAQNTTEVYVKWKFKGRDIYTFDGALNKSTVPTDFSSAKIEVSQLL
    KGDASLKMDKSDAVSHTGNYTCEVTELTREGETIIELKYRVVSWFS
    PNENILIVIFPIFAILLFWGQFGIKTLKYRSGGMDEKTIALLVAGL
    VITVIVIVGAILFVPGEYSLKNATGLGLIVTSTGILILLHYYVFST
    AIGLTSFVIAILVIQVIAYILAVVGLSLCIAACIPMHGPLLISGLS
    ILALAQLLGLVYMKFVASNQKTIQPPRKAVEEPLNAFKESKGMMND
    E
    human SIRPαV3 43 ATGGAACCTGCCGGCCCTGCTCCTGGTAGACTGGGACCTCTGCTGT
    (nucleotide sequence) GTCTGCTGCTGGCCGCCTCTTGTGCTTGGAGCGGAGTGGCTGGCGA
    AGAGGAACTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGACAAGTCCGTGTCTGTGGCC
    GCTGGCGAGTCTGCCATCCTGCTGTGTACCGTGACCTCCCTGATCC
    CCGTGGGCCCCATCCAGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCCCTGCCAGAGA
    GCTGATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACC
    GTGTCCGAGTCCACCAAGCGCGAGAACATGGACTTCTCCATCTCCA
    TCAGCAACATCACCCCTGCCGACGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAA
    GTTCCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGACACCGAGTTCAAGTCTGGCGCTGGC
    ACCGAGCTGTCTGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGTCTG
    GACCTGCCGCTAGAGCTACCCCTCAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTACCTG
    CGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGGTTC
    AAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACCCTG
    TGGGCGAGAGCGTGTCCTACTCCATCCACTCCACCGCCAAGGTGGT
    GCTGACACGCGAGGACGTGCACTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGGTGGCC
    CACGTGACACTGCAGGGCGATCCTCTGAGAGGCACCGCCAACCTGT
    CCGAGACAATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCAGCC
    AGTGCGGGCCGAGAACCAAGTGAACGTGACCTGCCAAGTGCGGAAG
    TTCTACCCCCAGCGGCTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCAATG
    TGTCCCGGACCGAGACAGCCAGCACCGTGACCGAGAACAAGGATGG
    CACCTACAATTGGATGTCTTGGCTGCTCGTGAACGTGTCCGCCCAC
    CGGGACGATGTGAAGCTGACATGCCAGGTGGAACACGACGGCCAGC
    CTGCCGTGTCCAAGAGCCACGATCTGAAGGTGTCCGCTCATCCCAA
    AGAGCAGGGCTCCAACACCGCCGCTGAGAACACCGGCTCTAACGAG
    CGGAACATCTACATCGTCGTGGGCGTCGTGTGCACCCTGCTGGTGG
    CTCTGCTGATGGCTGCCCTGTACCTCGTGCGGATCCGGCAGAAGAA
    GGCCCAGGGCTCTACCTCCTCCACCAGACTGCACGAGCCCGAGAAG
    AACGCCAGAGAGATCACCCAGGACACCAACGACATCACCTACGCCG
    ACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGAAGCCTGCCCCTCAGGCTGCCGA
    GCCTAACAACCACACCGAGTACGCCTCCATCCAGACCAGCCCTCAG
    CCTGCCTCTGAGGACACCCTGACCTACGCTGATCTGGACATGGTGC
    ACCTGAACCGGACCCCCAAGCAGCCAGCTCCTAAGCCCGAGCCTAG
    CTTCTCTGAGTACGCCAGCGTGCAGGTGCCCCGGAAA
    human SIRPαV3 44 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSVSVA
    (amino acid sequence) AGESAILLCTVTSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPARELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSESTKRENMDFSISISNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDTEFKSGAG
    TELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWF
    KNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEVA
    HVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVRK
    FYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSAH
    RDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSNE
    RNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPEK
    NAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSPQ
    PASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    human SIRPαV4 45 ATGGAACCTGCCGGCCCTGCTCCTGGTAGACTGGGACCTCTGCTGT
    (nucleotide sequence) GTCTGCTGCTGGCCGCCTCTTGTGCTTGGAGCGGAGTGGCTGGCGA
    AGAGGGCCTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGACAAGTCCGTGTCTGTGGCC
    GCTGGCGAGTCTGCCATCCTGCACTGTACCGCCACCTCCCTGATCC
    CCGTGGGACCCATCCAGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCCCTGGCAGAGA
    GCTGATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACC
    GTGTCCGACCTGACCAAGCGGAACAACATGGACTTCTCCATCCGGA
    TCGGCAACATCACCCCTGCCGATGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAA
    GTTCCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGACGACGTGGAGTTCAAATCCGGCGCT
    GGCACCGAGCTGTCTGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGT
    CTGGCCCTGCCGCTAGAGCTACCCCTCAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTAC
    CTGCGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGG
    TTCAAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACC
    CTGTGGGCGAGAGCGTGTCCTACTCCATCCACTCCACCGCCAAGGT
    GGTGCTGACACGCGAGGACGTGCACTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGGTG
    GCCCACGTGACACTGCAGGGCGATCCTCTGAGAGGCACCGCCAACC
    TGTCCGAGACAATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCA
    GCCAGTGCGGGCCGAGAACCAAGTGAACGTGACCTGCCAAGTGCGG
    AAGTTCTACCCCCAGCGGCTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCA
    ATGTGTCCCGGACCGAGACAGCCTCCACCGTGACCGAGAACAAGGA
    TGGCACCTACAATTGGATGTCTTGGCTGCTCGTGAACGTGTCCGCC
    CACCGGGACGATGTGAAGCTGACATGCCAGGTGGAACACGACGGCC
    AGCCTGCCGTGTCCAAGTCCCACGATCTGAAGGTGTCCGCTCATCC
    CAAAGAGCAGGGCTCCAACACCGCCGCTGAGAACACCGGCTCTAAC
    GAGCGGAACATCTACATCGTCGTGGGCGTCGTGTGCACCCTGCTGG
    TGGCTCTGCTGATGGCTGCCCTGTACCTCGTGCGGATCCGGCAGAA
    GAAGGCCCAGGGCTCTACCTCCTCCACCAGACTGCACGAGCCCGAG
    AAGAACGCCAGAGAGATCACCCAGGACACCAACGACATCACCTACG
    CCGACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGAAGCCTGCCCCTCAGGCTGC
    CGAGCCTAACAACCACACCGAGTACGCCTCCATCCAGACCAGCCCT
    CAGCCTGCCTCTGAGGACACCCTGACCTACGCTGATCTGGACATGG
    TGCACCTGAACCGGACCCCCAAGCAGCCAGCTCCTAAGCCCGAGCC
    TAGCTTCTCTGAGTACGCCAGCGTGCAGGTGCCCCGGAAA
    human SIRPαV4 46 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEGLQVIQPDKSVSVA
    (amino acid sequence) AGESAILHCTATSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSDLTKRNNMDFSIRIGNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGA
    GTELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKW
    FKNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEV
    AHVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVR
    KFYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSA
    HRDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSN
    ERNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPE
    KNAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSP
    QPASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    human SIRPαV5 47 ATGGAACCTGCCGGCCCTGCTCCTGGTAGACTGGGACCTCTGCTGT
    (nucleotide sequence) GTCTGCTGCTGGCCGCCTCTTGTGCTTGGAGCGGAGTGGCTGGCGA
    AGAGGAACTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGACAAGTTCGTGCTGGTGGCC
    GCTGGCGAGACAGCCACCCTGAGATGTACCGCCACCTCCCTGATCC
    CCGTGGGCCCTATCCAGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCCCTGGCAGAGA
    GCTGATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACC
    GTGTCCGACCTGACCAAGCGGAACAACATGGACTTCTCCATCCGGA
    TCGGCAACATCACCCCTGCCGATGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAA
    GTTCCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGACGACGTGGAGTTCAAATCCGGCGCT
    GGCACCGAGCTGTCTGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGT
    CTGGCCCTGCCGCTAGAGCTACCCCTCAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTAC
    CTGCGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGG
    TTCAAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACC
    CTGTGGGCGAGTCCGTGTCCTACTCCATCCACTCCACCGCCAAGGT
    GGTGCTGACACGCGAGGACGTGCACTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGGTG
    GCCCACGTGACACTGCAGGGCGATCCTCTGAGAGGCACCGCCAACC
    TGTCCGAGACAATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCA
    GCCAGTGCGGGCCGAGAACCAAGTGAACGTGACCTGCCAAGTGCGG
    AAGTTCTACCCCCAGCGGCTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCA
    ATGTGTCCCGGACCGAGACTGCCTCCACCGTGACCGAGAACAAGGA
    TGGCACCTACAATTGGATGTCTTGGCTGCTCGTGAACGTGTCCGCC
    CACCGGGACGATGTGAAGCTGACATGCCAGGTGGAACACGACGGCC
    AGCCTGCCGTGTCCAAGTCCCACGATCTGAAGGTGTCCGCTCATCC
    CAAAGAGCAGGGCTCCAACACCGCCGCTGAGAACACCGGCTCTAAC
    GAGCGGAACATCTACATCGTCGTGGGCGTCGTGTGCACCCTGCTGG
    TGGCTCTGCTGATGGCTGCCCTGTACCTCGTGCGGATCCGGCAGAA
    GAAGGCCCAGGGCTCTACCTCCTCCACCAGACTGCACGAGCCCGAG
    AAGAACGCCAGAGAGATCACCCAGGACACCAACGACATCACCTACG
    CCGACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGAAGCCTGCCCCTCAGGCTGC
    CGAGCCTAACAACCACACCGAGTACGCCTCCATCCAGACCAGCCCT
    CAGCCTGCCTCTGAGGACACCCTGACCTACGCTGATCTGGACATGG
    TGCACCTGAACCGGACCCCCAAGCAGCCAGCTCCTAAGCCCGAGCC
    TAGCTTCTCTGAGTACGCCAGCGTGCAGGTGCCCCGGAAA
    human SIRPαV5 48 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKFVLVA
    (amino acid sequence) AGETATLRCTATSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSDLTKRNNMDFSIRIGNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGA
    GTELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKW
    FKNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEV
    AHVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVR
    KFYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSA
    HRDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSN
    ERNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPE
    KNAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSP
    QPASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    human SIRPαV6 49 ATGGAACCTGCCGGCCCTGCTCCTGGTAGACTGGGACCTCTGCTGT
    (nucleotide sequence) GTCTGCTGCTGGCCGCCTCTTGTGCTTGGAGCGGAGTGGCTGGCGA
    AGAGGAACTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGACAAGTCCGTGCTGGTGGCT
    GCTGGCGAGACTGCCACCCTGAGATGTACCGCCACCTCCCTGATCC
    CCGTGGGCCCTATCCAGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCCCTGGCAGAGA
    GCTGATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACC
    GTGTCCGACCTGACCAAGCGGAACAACATGGACTTCCCCATCCGGA
    TCGGCAACATCACCCCTGCCGATGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAA
    GTTCCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGACGACGTGGAGTTCAAATCCGGCGCT
    GGCACCGAGCTGTCTGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGT
    CTGGCCCTGCCGCTAGAGCTACCCCTCAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTAC
    CTGCGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGG
    TTCAAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACC
    CTGTGGGCGAGTCCGTGTCCTACTCCATCCACTCCACCGCCAAGGT
    GGTGCTGACACGCGAGGACGTGCACTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGGTG
    GCCCACGTGACACTGCAGGGCGATCCTCTGAGAGGCACCGCCAACC
    TGTCCGAGACAATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCA
    GCCCGTGCGGGCTGAGAACCAAGTGAACGTGACCTGCCAAGTGCGG
    AAGTTCTACCCCCAGCGGCTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCA
    ATGTGTCCCGGACCGAGACAGCCTCCACCGTGACCGAGAACAAGGA
    TGGCACCTACAATTGGATGTCCTGGCTGCTCGTGAACGTGTCCGCC
    CACCGGGACGATGTGAAGCTGACATGCCAGGTGGAACACGACGGCC
    AGCCTGCCGTGTCCAAGTCCCACGATCTGAAGGTGTCCGCTCATCC
    CAAAGAGCAGGGCTCCAACACCGCCGCTGAGAACACCGGCTCTAAC
    GAGCGGAACATCTACATCGTCGTGGGCGTCGTGTGCACCCTGCTGG
    TGGCACTGCTGATGGCCGCTCTGTACCTCGTGCGGATCCGGCAGAA
    GAAGGCCCAGGGCTCTACCTCCTCCACCAGACTGCACGAGCCCGAG
    AAGAACGCCAGAGAGATCACCCAGGACACCAACGACATCACCTACG
    CCGACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGAAGCCTGCCCCTCAGGCTGC
    CGAGCCTAACAACCACACCGAGTACGCCTCCATCCAGACCAGCCCT
    CAGCCTGCCTCTGAGGACACCCTGACCTACGCTGATCTGGACATGG
    TGCACCTGAACCGGACCCCCAAGCAGCCAGCTCCTAAGCCCGAGCC
    TAGCTTCTCTGAGTACGCCAGCGTGCAGGTGCCCCGGAAA
    human SIRPαV6 50 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSVLVA
    (amino acid sequence) AGETATLRCTATSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSDLTKRNNMDFPIRIGNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGA
    GTELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKW
    FKNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEV
    AHVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVR
    KFYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSA
    HRDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSN
    ERNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPE
    KNAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSP
    QPASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    human SIRPαV8 51 ATGGAACCTGCCGGCCCTGCTCCTGGTAGACTGGGACCTCTGCTGT
    (nucleotide sequence) GTCTGCTGCTGGCCGCCTCTTGTGCTTGGAGCGGAGTGGCTGGCGA
    AGAGGAACTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGACAAGTCCGTGCTGGTGGCT
    GCTGGCGAGACTGCCACCCTGAGATGTACCGCCACCTCCCTGATCC
    CCGTGGGCCCTATCCAGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCCCTGCCAGAGA
    GCTGATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACC
    GTGTCCGAGTCCACCAAGCGCGAGAACATGGACTTCTCCATCTCCA
    TCAGCAACATCACCCCTGCCGACGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAA
    GTTCCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGACACCGAGTTCAAGTCTGGCGCTGGC
    ACCGAGCTGTCTGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGTCTG
    GACCTGCCGCTAGAGCTACCCCTCAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTACCTG
    CGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGGTTC
    AAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACCCTG
    TGGGCGAGTCCGTGTCCTACTCCATCCACTCCACCGCCAAGGTGGT
    GCTGACACGCGAGGACGTGCACTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGGTGGCC
    CACGTGACACTGCAGGGCGATCCTCTGAGAGGCACCGCCAACCTGT
    CCGAGACAATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCAGCC
    CGTGCGGGCTGAGAACCAAGTGAACGTGACCTGCCAAGTGCGGAAG
    TTCTACCCCCAGCGGCTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCAATG
    TGTCCCGGACCGAGACAGCCAGCACCGTGACCGAGAACAAGGATGG
    CACCTACAATTGGATGTCCTGGCTGCTCGTGAACGTGTCCGCCCAC
    CGGGACGATGTGAAGCTGACATGCCAGGTGGAACACGACGGCCAGC
    CTGCCGTGTCCAAGAGCCACGATCTGAAGGTGTCCGCTCATCCCAA
    AGAGCAGGGCTCCAACACCGCCGCTGAGAACACCGGCTCTAACGAG
    CGGAACATCTACATCGTCGTGGGCGTCGTGTGCACCCTGCTGGTGG
    CACTGCTGATGGCCGCTCTGTACCTCGTGCGGATCCGGCAGAAGAA
    GGCCCAGGGCTCTACCTCCTCCACCAGACTGCACGAGCCCGAGAAG
    AACGCCAGAGAGATCACCCAGGACACCAACGACATCACCTACGCCG
    ACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGAAGCCTGCCCCTCAGGCTGCCGA
    GCCTAACAACCACACCGAGTACGCCTCCATCCAGACCAGCCCTCAG
    CCTGCCTCTGAGGACACCCTGACCTACGCTGATCTGGACATGGTGC
    ACCTGAACCGGACCCCCAAGCAGCCAGCTCCTAAGCCCGAGCCTAG
    CTTCTCTGAGTACGCCAGCGTGCAGGTGCCCCGGAAA
    human SIRPαV8 52 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSVLVA
    (amino acid sequence) AGETATLRCTATSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPARELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSESTKRENMDFSISISNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDTEFKSGAG
    TELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWF
    KNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEVA
    HVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVRK
    FYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSAH
    RDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSNE
    RNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPEK
    NAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSPQ
    PASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    human SIRPαV9 53 ATGGAACCTGCCGGCCCTGCTCCTGGTAGACTGGGACCTCTGCTGT
    (nucleotide sequence) GTCTGCTGCTGGCCGCCTCTTGTGCTTGGAGCGGAGTGGCTGGCGA
    AGAGGAACTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGACAAGTCCGTGCTGGTGGCT
    GCTGGCGAGACTGCCACCCTGAGATGTACCGCCACCTCCCTGATCC
    CCGTGGGCCCTATCCAGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCCCTGGCAGAGA
    GCTGATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACC
    GTGTCCGACCTGACCAAGCGGAACAACATGGACTTCTCCATCCGGA
    TCTCCAACATCACCCCTGCCGACGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAA
    GTTCCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGACGACGTGGAGTTCAAATCCGGCGCT
    GGCACCGAGCTGTCTGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGT
    CTGGCCCTGCCGCTAGAGCTACCCCTCAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTAC
    CTGCGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGG
    TTCAAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACC
    CTGTGGGCGAGTCCGTGTCCTACTCCATCCACTCCACCGCCAAGGT
    GGTGCTGACACGCGAGGACGTGCACTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGGTG
    GCCCACGTGACACTGCAGGGCGATCCTCTGAGAGGCACCGCCAACC
    TGTCCGAGACAATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCA
    GCCCGTGCGGGCTGAGAACCAAGTGAACGTGACCTGCCAAGTGCGG
    AAGTTCTACCCCCAGCGGCTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCA
    ATGTGTCCCGGACCGAGACAGCCTCCACCGTGACCGAGAACAAGGA
    TGGCACCTACAATTGGATGTCCTGGCTGCTCGTGAACGTGTCCGCC
    CACCGGGACGATGTGAAGCTGACATGCCAGGTGGAACACGACGGCC
    AGCCTGCCGTGTCCAAGTCCCACGATCTGAAGGTGTCCGCTCATCC
    CAAAGAGCAGGGCTCCAACACCGCCGCTGAGAACACCGGCTCTAAC
    GAGCGGAACATCTACATCGTCGTGGGCGTCGTGTGCACCCTGCTGG
    TGGCACTGCTGATGGCCGCTCTGTACCTCGTGCGGATCCGGCAGAA
    GAAGGCCCAGGGCTCTACCTCCTCCACCAGACTGCACGAGCCCGAG
    AAGAACGCCAGAGAGATCACCCAGGACACCAACGACATCACCTACG
    CCGACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGAAGCCTGCCCCTCAGGCTGC
    CGAGCCTAACAACCACACCGAGTACGCCTCCATCCAGACCAGCCCT
    CAGCCTGCCTCTGAGGACACCCTGACCTACGCTGATCTGGACATGG
    TGCACCTGAACCGGACCCCCAAGCAGCCAGCTCCTAAGCCCGAGCC
    TAGCTTCTCTGAGTACGCCAGCGTGCAGGTGCCCCGGAAA
    human SIRPαV9 54 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSVLVA
    (amino acid sequence) AGETATLRCTATSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSDLTKRNNMDFSIRISNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGA
    GTELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKW
    FKNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEV
    AHVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVR
    KFYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSA
    HRDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSN
    ERNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPE
    KNAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSP
    QPASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    hSIRPα-VβC1αC2α 55 ATGGAACCTGCCGGCCCTGCTCCTGGTAGACTGGGACCTCTGCTGT
    (nucleotide sequence) GTCTGCTGCTGGCCGCCTCTTGTGCTTGGAGCGGAGTGGCTGGCGA
    GGACGAGCTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGAGAAGTCCGTGTCTGTGGCC
    GCTGGCGAGTCTGCCACCCTGAGATGCGCTATGACCTCCCTGATCC
    CCGTGGGCCCCATCATGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCGCTGGCAGAGA
    GCTGATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACC
    GTGTCCGAGCTGACCAAGCGGAACAACCTGGACTTCTCCATCTCCA
    TCAGCAACATCACCCCTGCCGACGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAA
    GTTCCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGACGACGTGGAGTTCAAATCCGGCGCT
    GGAACCGAGCTGTCCGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGT
    CTGGCCCTGCCGCTAGAGCTACCCCTCAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTAC
    CTGCGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGG
    TTCAAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACC
    CTGTGGGCGAGAGCGTGTCCTACTCCATCCACTCCACCGCCAAGGT
    GGTGCTGACACGCGAGGACGTGCACTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGGTG
    GCCCACGTGACACTGCAGGGCGATCCTCTGAGAGGCACCGCCAACC
    TGTCCGAGACAATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCA
    GCCTGTGCGGGCCGAGAACCAAGTGAACGTGACCTGCCAAGTGCGG
    AAGTTCTACCCCCAGCGGCTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCA
    ATGTGTCCCGGACCGAGACAGCCAGCACCGTGACCGAGAACAAGGA
    TGGCACCTACAATTGGATGTCCTGGCTGCTCGTGAACGTGTCCGCC
    CACCGGGACGATGTGAAGCTGACATGCCAGGTGGAACACGACGGCC
    AGCCTGCCGTGTCCAAGTCCCACGATCTGAAGGTGTCCGCTCATCC
    CAAAGAGCAGGGCTCCAACACCGCCGCTGAGAACACCGGCTCTAAC
    GAGCGGAACATCTACATCGTCGTGGGCGTCGTGTGCACCCTGCTGG
    TGGCTCTGCTGATGGCTGCCCTGTACCTCGTGCGGATCCGGCAGAA
    GAAGGCCCAGGGCTCTACCTCCTCCACCAGACTGCACGAGCCTGAG
    AAGAACGCCAGAGAGATCACCCAGGACACCAACGACATCACCTACG
    CCGACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGAAGCCTGCCCCTCAGGCCGC
    CGAGCCTAACAACCACACCGAGTACGCCTCCATCCAGACCAGCCCT
    CAGCCTGCCTCTGAGGACACCCTGACCTACGCTGATCTGGACATGG
    TGCACCTGAACCGGACCCCCAAGCAGCCAGCTCCTAAGCCCGAGCC
    TAGCTTCTCTGAGTACGCCAGCGTGCAGGTGCCCCGGAAA
    hSIRPα-VβC1αC2α 56 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEDELQVIQPEKSVSVA
    (amino acid sequence) AGESATLRCAMTSLIPVGPIMWFRGAGAGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSELTKRNNLDFSISISNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGA
    GTELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKW
    FKNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEV
    AHVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVR
    KFYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSA
    HRDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSN
    ERNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPE
    KNAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSP
    QPASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    hSIRPα-VαC1βC2α 57 ATGGAACCTGCCGGCCCTGCTCCTGGTAGACTGGGACCTCTGCTGT
    (nucleotide sequence) GTCTGCTGCTGGCCGCCTCTTGTGCTTGGAGCGGAGTGGCTGGCGA
    AGAGGAACTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGACAAGTCCGTGCTGGTGGCT
    GCTGGCGAGACTGCCACCCTGAGATGTACCGCCACCTCCCTGATCC
    CCGTGGGCCCTATCCAGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCCCTGGCAGAGA
    GCTGATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACC
    GTGTCCGACCTGACCAAGCGGAACAACATGGACTTCTCCATCCGGA
    TCGGCAACATCACCCCTGCCGATGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAA
    GTTCCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGACGACGTGGAGTTCAAATCCGGCGCT
    GGCACCGAGCTGTCTGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCCGTGGTGT
    CTGGACCTGCCGTGCGAGCTACCCCTGAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTAC
    CTGCGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGG
    TTCAAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACC
    CAGCCGGCGACTCCGTGTCCTACTCCATCCACTCTACCGCCAGAGT
    GGTGCTGACCAGAGGCGACGTGCACTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGATC
    GCCCATATCACACTGCAGGGCGACCCCCTGAGAGGCACCGCTAACC
    TGTCTGAGACAATCCGGGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACTCAGCA
    GCCAGTGCGGGCCGAGAACCAAGTGAACGTGACCTGCCAAGTGCGG
    AAGTTCTACCCCCAGCGGCTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCA
    ATGTGTCCCGGACCGAGACAGCCTCCACCGTGACCGAGAACAAGGA
    TGGCACCTACAATTGGATGTCTTGGCTGCTCGTGAACGTGTCCGCC
    CACCGGGACGATGTGAAGCTGACATGCCAGGTGGAACACGACGGCC
    AGCCTGCCGTGTCCAAGTCCCACGATCTGAAGGTGTCCGCTCATCC
    CAAAGAGCAGGGCTCCAACACCGCCGCTGAGAACACCGGCTCTAAC
    GAGCGGAACATCTACATCGTCGTGGGCGTCGTGTGCACCCTGCTGG
    TGGCACTGCTGATGGCCGCTCTGTACCTCGTGCGGATCCGGCAGAA
    GAAGGCCCAGGGCTCTACCTCCTCCACCAGACTGCACGAGCCCGAG
    AAGAACGCCAGAGAGATCACCCAGGACACCAACGACATCACCTACG
    CCGACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGAAGCCTGCCCCTCAGGCCGC
    CGAGCCTAACAACCACACCGAGTACGCCTCCATCCAGACCAGCCCT
    CAGCCTGCCTCTGAGGACACCCTGACCTACGCTGATCTGGACATGG
    TGCACCTGAACCGGACCCCCAAGCAGCCAGCTCCTAAGCCCGAGCC
    TAGCTTCTCTGAGTACGCCAGCGTGCAGGTGCCCCGGAAA
    hSIRPα-VαC1βC2α 58 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSVLVA
    (amino acid sequence) AGETATLRCTATSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSDLTKRNNMDFSIRIGNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGA
    GTELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAVRATPEHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKW
    FKNGNELSDFQTNVDPAGDSVSYSIHSTARVVLTRGDVHSQVICEI
    AHITLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVR
    KFYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSA
    HRDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSN
    ERNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPE
    KNAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSP
    QPASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    hSIRPα-VαC1αC2β 59 ATGGAACCTGCCGGCCCTGCTCCTGGTAGACTGGGACCTCTGCTGT
    (nucleotide sequence) GTCTGCTGCTGGCCGCCTCTTGTGCTTGGAGCGGAGTGGCTGGCGA
    AGAGGAACTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGACAAGTCCGTGCTGGTGGCT
    GCTGGCGAGACTGCCACCCTGAGATGTACCGCCACCTCCCTGATCC
    CCGTGGGCCCTATCCAGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCCCTGGCAGAGA
    GCTGATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACC
    GTGTCCGACCTGACCAAGCGGAACAACATGGACTTCTCCATCCGGA
    TCGGCAACATCACCCCTGCCGATGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAA
    GTTCCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGACGACGTGGAGTTCAAATCCGGCGCT
    GGCACCGAGCTGTCTGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGT
    CTGGCCCTGCCGCTAGAGCTACCCCTCAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTAC
    CTGCGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGG
    TTCAAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACC
    CTGTGGGCGAGTCCGTGTCCTACTCCATCCACTCCACCGCCAAGGT
    GGTGCTGACACGCGAGGACGTGCACTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGGTG
    GCCCACGTGACACTGCAGGGCGATCCTCTGAGAGGCACCGCCAACC
    TGTCCGAGACAATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCA
    GCCTATGAGAGCCGAGAACCAGGCCAACGTGACCTGCCAGGTGTCC
    AACTTCTACCCTCGGGGCCTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCA
    ATGTGTCCCGGACCGAGACAGCCTCCACCCTGATCGAGAACAAGGA
    TGGCACCTACAATTGGATGTCCTGGCTGCTCGTGAACACCTGTGCC
    CACCGGGACGATGTGGTGCTGACCTGTCAGGTGGAACACGATGGCC
    AGCAGGCCGTGTCCAAGTCCTACGCTCTGGAAGTGTCCGCCCACCC
    CAAAGAGCAGGGCTCTAATACCGCCGCTGAGAACACCGGCTCCAAC
    GAGCGGAACATCTACATCGTCGTGGGCGTCGTGTGCACCCTGCTGG
    TGGCACTGCTGATGGCCGCTCTGTACCTCGTGCGGATCCGGCAGAA
    GAAGGCTCAGGGCTCCACCTCCTCCACCAGACTGCACGAGCCTGAG
    AAGAACGCCAGAGAGATCACCCAGGACACCAACGACATCACCTACG
    CCGACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGCAAGAAGCCTGCCCCTCAGGCTGC
    CGAGCCTAACAACCACACCGAGTACGCCTCCATCCAGACCAGCCCT
    CAGCCTGCCTCTGAGGACACCCTGACCTACGCTGATCTGGACATGG
    TGCACCTGAACCGGACCCCCAAGCAGCCAGCTCCTAAGCCCGAGCC
    TAGCTTCTCTGAGTACGCCAGCGTGCAGGTGCCCCGGAAA
    hSIRPα-VαC1αC2β 60 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSVLVA
    (amino acid sequence) AGETATLRCTATSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSDLTKRNNMDFSIRIGNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGA
    GTELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKW
    FKNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEV
    AHVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPMRAENQANVTCQVS
    NFYPRGLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTLIENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNTCA
    HRDDVVLTCQVEHDGQQAVSKSYALEVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSN
    ERNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPE
    KNAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSP
    QPASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    human 61 ATGGAGCCCGCCGGCCCGGCCCCCGGCCGCCTCGGGCCGCTGCTCT
    SIRPαV1 (P74A) GCCTGCTGCTCGCCGCGTCCTGCGCCTGGTCAGGAGTGGCGGGTGA
    (nucleotide sequence) GGAGGAGCTGCAGGTGATTCAGCCTGACAAGTCCGTGTTGGTTGCA
    GCTGGAGAGACAGCCACTCTGCGCTGCACTGCGACCTCTCTGATCC
    CTGTGGGGCCCATCCAGTGGTTCAGAGGAGCTGGA:CAGGCCGGGA
    ATTAATCTACAATCAAAAAGAAGGCCACTTCCCCCGGGTAACAACT
    GTTTCAGACCTCACAAAGAGAAACAACATGGACTTTTCCATCCGCA
    TCGGTAACATCACCCCAGCAGATGCCGGCACCTACTACTGTGTGAA
    GTTCCGGAAAGGGAGCCCCGATGACGTGGAGTTTAAGTCTGGAGCA
    GGCACTGAGCTGTCTGTGCGCGCCAAACCCTCTGCCCCCGTGGTAT
    CGGGCCCTGCGGCGAGGGCCACACCTCAGCACACAGTGAGCTTCAC
    CTGCGAGTCCCACGGCTTCTCACCCAGAGACATCACCCTGAAATGG
    TTCAAAAATGGGAATGAGCTCTCAGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACC
    CCGTAGGAGAGAGCGTGTCCTACAGCATCCACAGCACAGCCAAGGT
    GGTGCTGACCCGCGAGGACGTTCACTCTCAAGTCATCTGCGAGGTG
    GCCCACGTCACCTTGCAGGGGGACCCTCTTCGTGGGACTGCCAACT
    TGTCTGAGACCATCCGAGTTCCACCCACCTTGGAGGTTACTCAACA
    GCCCGTGAGGGCAGAGAACCAGGTGAATGTCACCTGCCAGGTGAGG
    AAGTTCTACCCCCAGAGACTACAGCTGACCTGGTTGGAGAATGGAA
    ACGTGTCCCGGACAGAAACGGCCTCAACCGTTACAGAGAACAAGGA
    TGGTACCTACAACTGGATGAGCTGGCTCCTGGTGAATGTATCTGCC
    CACAGGGATGATGTGAAGCTCACCTGCCAGGTGGAGCATGACGGGC
    AGCCAGCGGTCAGCAAAAGCCATGACCTGAAGGTCTCAGCCCACCC
    GAAGGAGCAGGGCTCAAATACCGCCGCTGAGAACACTGGATCTAAT
    GAACGGAACATCTATATTGTGGTGGGTGTGGTGTGCACCTTGCTGG
    TGGCCCTACTGATGGCGGCCCTCTACCTCGTCCGAATCAGACAGAA
    GAAAGCCCAGGGCTCCACTTCTTCTACAAGGTTGCATGAGCCCGAG
    AAGAATGCCAGAGAAATAACACAGGACACAAATGATATCACATATG
    CAGACCTGAACCTGCCCAAGGGGAAGAAGCCTGCTCCCCAGGCTGC
    GGAGCCCAACAACCACACGGAGTATGCCAGCATTCAGACCAGCCCG
    CAGCCCGCGTCGGAGGACACCCTCACCTATGCTGACCTGGACATGG
    TCCACCTCAACCGGACCCCCAAGCAGCCGGCCCCCAAGCCTGAGCC
    GTCCTTCTCAGAGTACGCCAGCGTCCAGGTCCCGAGGAAG
    human 62 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSVLVA
    SIRPαV1 (P74A) AGETATLRCTATSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGAGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    (amino acid sequence) VSDLTKRNNMDFSIRIGNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGA
    GTELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKW
    FKNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEV
    AHVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVR
    KFYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSA
    HRDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSN
    ERNIYIVVGVVCTLLVALLMAALYLVRIRQKKAQGSTSSTRLHEPE
    KNAREITQDTNDITYADLNLPKGKKPAPQAAEPNNHTEYASIQTSP
    QPASEDTLTYADLDMVHLNRTPKQPAPKPEPSFSEYASVQVPRK
    human kappa constant 63 CGGACCGTGGCCGCTCCCTCCGTGTTCATCTTCCCACCTTCCGACG
    domain (nucleotide AGCAGCTGAAGTCCGGCACCGCTTCTGTCGTGTGCCTGCTGAACAA
    sequence) CTTCTACCCCCGCGAGGCCAAGGTGCAGTGGAAGGTGGACAACGCC
    CTGCAGTCCGGCAACTCCCAGGAATCCGTGACCGAGCAGGACTCCA
    AGGACAGCACCTACTCCCTGTCCTCCACCCTGACCCTGTCCAAGGC
    CGACTACGAGAAGCACAAGGTGTACGCCTGCGAAGTGACCCACCAG
    GGCCTGTCTAGCCCTGTGACCAAGTCCTTCAACCGGGGCGAGTGC
    human kappa constant 64 RTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNA
    domain (protein LQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQ
    sequence) GLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
    human IgG4 constant 65 GCTTCCACCAAGGGCCCCTCCGTGTTTCCTCTGGCCCCTTGCTCCA
    domains (including GATCCACCTCCGAGTCTACCGCCGCTCTGGGCTGCCTCGTGAAGGA
    S228P) CTACTTCCCCGAGCCTGTGACAGTGTCCTGGAACTCTGGCGCCCTG
    (nucleotide sequence) ACCTCTGGCGTGCACACCTTTCCAGCTGTGCTGCAGTCCTCCGGCC
    TGTACTCCCTGTCCAGCGTCGTGACAGTGCCCTCCAGCTCTCTGGG
    CACCAAGACCTACACCTGTAACGTGGACCACAAGCCCTCCAACACC
    AAGGTGGACAAGCGGGTGGAATCTAAGTACGGCCCTCCCTGCCCTC
    CTTGCCCAGCCCCTGAATTTCTGGGCGGACCTTCTGTGTTTCTGTT
    CCCCCCAAAGCCCAAGGACACCCTGATGATCTCCCGGACCCCCGAA
    GTGACCTGCGTGGTGGTGGATGTGTCCCAGGAAGATCCCGAGGTGC
    AGTTCAATTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAAGTGCACAACGCCAAGAC
    CAAGCCTAGAGAGGAACAGTTCAACTCCACCTACCGGGTGGTGTCC
    GTGCTGACCGTGCTGCACCAGGATTGGCTGAACGGCAAAGAGTACA
    AGTGCAAGGTGTCCAACAAGGGCCTGCCCAGCTCCATCGAAAAGAC
    CATCTCCAAGGCCAAGGGCCAGCCCCGGGAACCCCAGGTGTACACA
    CTGCCTCCAAGCCAGGAAGAGATGACCAAGAACCAGGTGTCCCTGA
    CCTGTCTCGTGAAAGGCTTCTACCCCTCCGATATCGCCGTGGAATG
    GGAGTCCAACGGCCAGCCTGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACCCCCCCT
    GTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTTCTGTACTCTCGCCTGACCG
    TGGACAAGTCCCGGTGGCAGGAAGGCAACGTGTTCTCCTGCAGCGT
    GATGCACGAGGCCCTGCACAACCACTACACCCAGAAGTCCCTGTCC
    CTGTCTCTGGGAAAA
    human IgG4 constant 66 ASTKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGAL
    domains (including TSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTKTYTCNVDHKPSNT
    S228P) KVDKRVESKYGPPCPPCPAPEFLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPE
    (protein sequence) VTCVVVDVSQEDPEVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTYRVVS
    VLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPSSIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYT
    LPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP
    VLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLS
    LSLGK
    human IgG2 constant 67 GCTTCTACAAAGGGCCCCAGCGTGTTCCCTCTGGCTCCTTGTAGCA
    domains (nucleotide GAAGCACCAGCGAGTCTACAGCCGCTCTGGGCTGTCTGGTCAAGGA
    sequence) CTACTTTCCCGAGCCTGTGACCGTGTCCTGGAATAGCGGAGCACTG
    ACAAGCGGCGTGCACACCTTTCCAGCTGTGCTGCAAAGCTCCGGCC
    TGTACTCTCTGTCCAGCGTGGTCACAGTGCCCAGCAGCAATTTTGG
    CACCCAGACCTACACCTGTAATGTGGACCACAAGCCTAGCAACACC
    AAGGTGGACAAGACCGTGGAACGGAAGTGCTGCGTGGAATGCCCTC
    CTTGTCCTGCTCCTCCAGTGGCTGGCCCTTCCGTGTTTCTGTTCCC
    TCCAAAGCCTAAGGACACCCTGATGATCAGCAGAACCCCTGAAGTG
    ACCTGCGTGGTGGTGGATGTGTCCCACGAGGATCCTGAGGTGCAGT
    TCAATTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAAGTGCACAACGCCAAGACCAA
    GCCTAGAGAGGAACAGTTCAACAGCACCTTCAGAGTGGTGTCCGTG
    CTGACCGTGGTGCATCAGGATTGGCTGAACGGCAAAGAGTACAAGT
    GCAAGGTGTCCAACAAGGGCCTGCCTGCTCCTATCGAGAAAACCAT
    CAGCAAGACCAAAGGCCAGCCTCGCGAGCCCCAGGTTTACACACTT
    CCTCCAAGCCGGGAAGAGATGACCAAGAACCAGGTGTCCCTGACCT
    GCCTCGTGAAGGGCTTCTACCCCAGCGACATCX1CCGTGGAATGGG
    AGAGCAATGGCCAGCCTGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACACCTCCTAT
    GCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCATTCTTCCTGTACAGCAAGCTGACAGTG
    GACAAGTCCAGATGGCAGCAGGGCAACGTGTTCTCCTGCAGCGTGA
    TGCACGAGGCCCTGCACAACCACTACACCCAGAAGTCCCTGTCTCT
    GAGCCCCGGCAAA
    wherein:
    X1 = G, T
    human IgG2 constant 68 ASTKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGAL
    domains (protein TSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSNFGTQTYTCNVDHKPSNT
    sequence) KVDKTVERKCCVECPPCPAPPVAGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEV
    TCVVVDVSHEDPEVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTFRVVSV
    LTVVHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPAPIEKTISKTKGQPREPQVYTL
    PPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIX1VEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP
    MLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLS
    LSPGK
    wherein:
    X1 = A, S
    40A heavy chain 69 SYWMH
    CDR1 (amino acid
    sequence)
    40A heavy chain 70 AIYPVNNDTTYNQKFKG
    CDR2 (amino acid
    sequence)
    40A heavy chain 71 SFYYSLDAAWFVY
    CDR3 (amino acid
    sequence)
    40A light chain CDR1 72 RASQDIGSRLN
    (amino acid sequence)
    40A light chain CDR2 73 ATSSLDS
    (amino acid sequence)
    40A light chain CDR3 74 LQYASSPFT
    (amino acid sequence)
    humanized 40 heavy 75 EVQX1X2QSGAX3X4X5KPGASVKX6SCKASGSTFTSYWMHWVS7QX8
    chain variable region PGQGLEWX9GAIYPVNSDTTYNQKFKGX10X11TX12TVX13X14SX15S
    (consensus sequence) TX16YMX17LSSLX18X19EDX20AVYYCX21RSFYYSLDAAWFVYWGQG
    TX22X23TVSS
    wherein:
    X1 = F, L
    X2 = Q, R, V
    X3 = E, V
    X4 = L, V
    X5 = A, K, V
    X6 = L, M, V
    X7 = K, R
    X8 = A, R, T
    X9 = I, M
    X10 = K, R
    X11 = A, V
    X12 = L, M
    X13 = D, V
    X14 = K, T
    X15 = A, S, T
    X16 = A, V
    X17 = E, Q
    X18 = R, T
    X19 = F, S
    X20 = S, T
    X21 = A, T
    X22 - L, T
    X23 = L, V
    humanized 40 light 76 DIQMTQSPSSLSASX1GX2RVX3ITCRASQDIGSRLNWLQQX4PGKA
    chain variable region X5KRLIYATSSLDSGVPX6RFSGSX7SGX8X9X10X11LTISX12LQPE
    (consensus sequence) DFATYYCLQYASSPFTFGX13GTKX14EIX15
    wherein:
    X1 = L, V
    X2 = D, E
    X3 = S, T
    X4 = K, T
    X5 = I, P
    X6 = K, S
    X7 = G, R
    X8 = S, T
    X9 = D, E
    X10 = F, Y
    X11 = S, T
    X12 = G, S
    X13 = G, Q
    X14 = L, V
    X15 = H, K
    hSIRPα.40AVH1 77 GAGGTGCAGTTCTTGCAGTCTGGTGCCGTGCTGGCTAGACCTGGAA
    (nucleotide sequence) CCTCCGTGAAGATCTCCTGCAAGGCCTCCGGCTCCACCTTCACCTC
    TTACTGGATGCACTGGGTCAAGCAGAGGCCTGGACAGGGACTCGAA
    TGGATCGGCGCTCTGTACCCTGTGAACTCCGACACCACCTACAACC
    AGAAGTTCAAGGGCAGAGCCAAGCTGACCGTGGCCACCTCTGCTTC
    TATCGCCTACCTGGAATTTTCCAGCCTGACCAACGAGGACTCCGCC
    GTGTACTACTGCGCCCGGTCCTTCTACTACTCTCTGGACGCCGCTT
    GGTTTGTGTACTGGGGCCAGGGAACTCTGGTGACCGTGTCCTCT
    hSIRPα.40AVH1 78 EVQFLQSGAVLARPGTSVKISCKASGSTFTSYWMHWVKQRPGQGLE
    (amino acid sequence) WIGALYPVNSDTTYNQKFKGRAKLTVATSASIAYLEFSSLTNEDSA
    VYYCARSFYYSLDAAWFVYWGQGTLVTVSS
    hSIRPα.40AVH2 79 GAGGTGCAGCTGGTTCAGTCTGGCGCTGAGGTTGTGAAGCCTGGCG
    (nucleotide sequence) CTTCCGTGAAGCTGTCCTGCAAGGCTTCTGGCTCCACCTTCACCAG
    CTACTGGATGCACTGGGTCAAGCAGGCCCCTGGACAAGGCCTGGAA
    TGGATCGGCGCTATCTACCCCGTGAACTCCGACACCACCTACAACC
    AGAAGTTCAAGGGCAAAGCTACCCTGACCGTGGACAAGTCTGCCTC
    CACCGCCTACATGGAACTGTCCAGCCTGAGATCTGAGGACACCGCC
    GTGTACTACTGCACCCGGTCCTTCTACTACTCCCTGGACGCCGCTT
    GGTTTGTGTATTGGGGCCAGGGAACACTGGTGACCGTGTCCTCT
    hSIRPα.40AVH2 80 EVQLVQSGAEVVKPGASVKLSCKASGSTFTSYWMHWVKQAPGQGLE
    (amino acid sequence) WIGAIYPVNSDTTYNQKFKGKATLTVDKSASTAYMELSSLRSEDTA
    VYYCTRSFYYSLDAAWFVYWGQGTLVTVSS
    hSIRPα.40AVH3 81 GAGGTGCAGCTGAGACAGTCTGGCGCTGTGCTTGTGAAGCCTGGCG
    (nucleotide sequence) CCTCCGTGAAGATGTCCTGCAAGGCTTCTGGCTCCACCTTCACCAG
    CTACTGGATGCACTGGGTCAAGCAGACCCCTGGACAGGGACTCGAG
    TGGATCGGCGCTATCTACCCTGTGAACTCCGACACCACCTACAACC
    AGAAGTTCAAGGGCAAAGCTACCCTGACCGTGGACAAGTCCTCCTC
    CACCGCTTACATGCAGCTGTCCAGCCTGACCTCTGAGGACTCCGCC
    GTGTACTACTGCGCCCGGTCCTTCTACTACTCTCTGGACGCCGCTT
    GGTTTGTGTACTGGGGCCAGGGCACAACCCTGACAGTGTCCTCT
    hSIRPα.40AVH3 82 EVQLRQSGAVLVKPGASVKMSCKASGSTFTSYWMHWVKQTPGQGLE
    (amino acid sequence) WIGAIYPVNSDTTYNQKFKGKATLTVDKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSEDSA
    VYYCARSFYYSLDAAWFVYWGQGTTLTVSS
    hSIRPα.40AVH4 83 GAGGTGCAGTTCGTTCAGTCTGGCGCCGAAGTGAAGAAACCTGGCG
    (nucleotide sequence) CCTCTGTGAAGGTGTCCTGCAAGGCTTCTGGCTCCACCTTCACCAG
    CTACTGGATGCACTGGGTCCGACAGGCTCCAGGACAAGGCTTGGAA
    TGGATGGGCGCTATCTACCCCGTGAACTCCGACACCACCTACAACC
    AGAAATTCAAGGGCAGAGTGACCATGACCGTCGTGACCTCCACCTC
    CACCGTGTACATGGAACTGTCCAGCCTGAGATCCGAGGACACCGCC
    GTGTACTACTGCGCCCGGTCCTTCTACTACTCTCTGGACGCCGCTT
    GGTTTGTGTACTGGGGCCAGGGAACTCTGGTGACCGTGTCCTCT
    hSIRPα.40AVH4 84 EVQFVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGSTFTSYWMHWVRQAPGQGLE
    (amino acid sequence) WMGAIYPVNSDTTYNQKFKGRVTMTVVTSTSTVYMELSSLRSEDTA
    VYYCARSFYYSLDAAWFVYWGQGTLVTVSS
    hSIRPα.40AVH5 85 GAGGTCCAGCTGCAACAGTCTGGTGCCGTGTTGGCTAAGCCTGGCG
    (nucleotide sequence) CCTCCGTGAAGATGTCCTGCAAGGCTTCTGGCTCCACCTTCACCAG
    CTACTGGATGCACTGGGTCAAGCAGAGGCCTGGACAGGGACTCGAG
    TGGATCGGCGCTATCTACCCTGTGAACTCCGACACCACCTACAACC
    AGAAGTTCAAGGGCAAAGCTACCCTGACCGTGGACAAGTCCTCCTC
    CACCGCTTACATGCAGCTGTCCAGCCTGACCTTCGAGGACTCCGCC
    GTGTACTACTGCGCCCGGTCCTTCTACTACTCTCTGGACGCCGCTT
    GGTTTGTGTACTGGGGCCAGGGCACAACCCTGACAGTGTCCTCT
    hSIRPα.40AVH5 86 EVQLQQSGAVLAKPGASVKMSCKASGSTFTSYWMHWVKQRPGQGLE
    (amino acid sequence) WIGAIYPVNSDTTYNQKFKGKATLTVDKSSSTAYMQLSSLTFEDSA
    VYYCARSFYYSLDAAWFVYWGQGTTLTVSS
    hSIRPα.40AVH6 87 GAGGTGCAGCTGGTTCAGTCTGGCGCCGAAGTGAAGAAACCTGGCG
    (nucleotide sequence) CCTCTGTGAAGGTGTCCTGCAAGGCTTCTGGCTCCACCTTCACCAG
    CTACTGGATGCACTGGGTCCGACAGGCTCCAGGACAAGGCTTGGAA
    TGGATGGGCGCTATCTACCCCGTGAACTCCGACACCACCTACAACC
    AGAAATTCAAGGGCAGAGTGACCATGACCGTGGACACCTCCACCAG
    CACCGTGTACATGGAACTGTCCAGCCTGAGATCCGAGGACACCGCC
    GTGTACTACTGCGCCCGGTCCTTCTACTACTCTCTGGACGCCGCTT
    GGTTTGTGTACTGGGGCCAGGGAACTCTGGTGACCGTGTCCTCT
    hSIRPα.40AVH6 88 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGSTFTSYWMHWVRQAPGQGLE
    (amino acid sequence) WMGAIYPVNSDTTYNQKFKGRVTMTVDTSTSTVYMELSSLRSEDTA
    VYYCARSFYYSLDAAWFVYWGQGTLVTVSS
    hSIRPα.40AVL1 89 GACATCCAGATGACCCAGTCTCCATCCTCTCTGTCCGCCTCTGTGG
    (nucleotide sequence) GCGACAGAGTGACCATCACCTGTAGAGCCTCTCAGGACATCGGCTC
    CAGACTGAACTGGCTGCAGCAGACCCCTGGCAAGGCCATCAAGAGA
    CTGATCTACGCCACCTCCAGCCTGGATTCTGGCGTGCCCTCTAGAT
    TCTCCGGCTCTAGATCTGGCACCGACTTCTCCCTGACCATCTCTGG
    ACTGCAGCCTGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGTCTGCAGTACGCC
    AGCTCTCCATTCACCTTTGGCGGAGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCCAC
    hSIRPα.40AVL1 90 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQDIGSRLNWLQQTPGKAIKR
    (amino acid sequence) LIYATSSLDSGVPSRFSGSRSGTDFSLTISGLQPEDFATYYCLQYA
    SSPFTFGGGTKVEIH
    hSIRPα.40AVL2 91 GACATCCAGATGACCCAGTCTCCATCCTCTCTGTCCGCCTCTGTGG
    (nucleotide sequence) GCGACAGAGTGACCATCACCTGTAGAGCCTCTCAGGACATCGGCTC
    CAGACTGAACTGGCTGCAGCAGAAGCCTGGCAAGGCCATCAAGAGA
    CTGATCTACGCCACCTCCAGCCTGGATTCTGGCGTGCCCTCTAGAT
    TCTCCGGCTCTAGATCTGGCACCGACTTTACCCTGACAATCAGCTC
    CCTGCAGCCTGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGTCTGCAGTACGCC
    TCCTCTCCATTCACCTTTGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG
    hSIRPα.40AVL2 92 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQDIGSRLNWLQQKPGKAIKR
    (amino acid sequence) LIYATSSLDSGVPSRFSGSRSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCLQYA
    SSPFTFGQGTKVEIK
    hSIRPα.40AVL3 93 GACATCCAGATGACCCAGTCTCCATCCTCTCTGTCCGCCTCTGTGG
    (nucleotide sequence) GCGACAGAGTGACCATCACCTGTAGAGCCTCTCAGGACATCGGCTC
    CAGACTGAACTGGCTGCAGCAGAAGCCTGGCAAGGCCATCAAGAGA
    CTGATCTACGCCACCTCCAGCCTGGATTCTGGCGTGCCCTCTAGAT
    TCTCCGGCTCTAGATCTGGCACCGACTTTACCCTGACAATCAGCTC
    CCTGCAGCCTGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGTCTGCAGTACGCC
    AGCTCTCCATTCACCTTTGGCGGAGGCACCAAGCTGGAAATCAAG
    hSIRPα.40AVL3 94 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQDIGSRLNWLQQKPGKAIKR
    (amino acid sequence) LIYATSSLDSGVPSRFSGSRSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCLQYA
    SSPFTFGGGTKLEIK
    hSIRPα.40AVL4 95 GACATCCAGATGACCCAGTCTCCATCCTCTCTGTCCGCCTCTGTGG
    (nucleotide sequence) GCGACAGAGTGACCATCACCTGTAGAGCCTCTCAGGACATCGGCTC
    CAGACTGAACTGGCTGCAGCAGAAGCCTGGCAAGGCCCCTAAGAGA
    CTGATCTACGCCACCTCCAGCCTGGATTCTGGCGTGCCCTCTAGAT
    TCTCCGGCTCTGGCTCTGGCACCGAGTTTACCCTGACAATCAGCTC
    CCTGCAGCCTGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGTCTGCAGTACGCC
    AGCTCTCCATTCACCTTTGGCGGAGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG
    hSIRPα.40AVL4 96 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQDIGSRLNWLQQKPGKAPKR
    (amino acid sequence) LIYATSSLDSGVPSRFSGSGSGTEFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCLQYA
    SSPFTFGGGTKVEIK
    hSIRPα.40AVL5 97 GACATCCAGATGACCCAGTCTCCATCCTCTCTGTCCGCCTCTGTGG
    (nucleotide sequence) GCGACAGAGTGACCATCACCTGTAGAGCCTCTCAGGACATCGGCTC
    CAGACTGAACTGGCTGCAGCAGAAGCCTGGCAAGGCCATCAAGAGA
    CTGATCTACGCCACCTCCAGCCTGGATTCTGGCGTGCCCAAGAGAT
    TCTCCGGCTCTAGATCCGGCTCCGACTATACCCTGACAATCAGCTC
    CCTGCAGCCTGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGTCTGCAGTACGCC
    TCCTCTCCATTCACCTTTGGCCAGGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG
    hSIRPα.40AVL5 98 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCRASQDIGSRLNWLQQKPGKAIKR
    (amino acid sequence) LIYATSSLDSGVPKRFSGSRSGSDYTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCLQYA
    SSPFTFGQGTKVEIK
    hSIRPα.40AVL6 99 GACATCCAGATGACCCAGTCTCCATCCTCTCTGTCTGCTTCCCTGG
    (nucleotide sequence) GCGAGAGAGTGTCCATCACCTGTAGAGCCTCTCAGGACATCGGCTC
    CAGACTGAACTGGCTGCAGCAGAAGCCTGGCAAGGCCATCAAGAGA
    CTGATCTACGCCACCTCCAGCCTGGATTCTGGCGTGCCCTCTAGAT
    TCTCCGGCTCTAGATCTGGCACCGACTTTACCCTGACAATCAGCTC
    CCTGCAGCCTGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTACTGTCTGCAGTACGCC
    AGCTCTCCATTCACCTTTGGCGGAGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG
    hSIRPα.40AVL6 100 DIQMTQSPSSLSASLGERVSITCRASQDIGSRLNWLQQKPGKAIKR
    (amino acid sequence) LIYATSSLDSGVPSRFSGSRSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCLQYA
    SSPFTFGGGTKVEIK
    hSIRPα.40A mouse 101 GAGGTTCAGTTCCAGCAGTCTGGGACTGTGCTGGCAAGGCCAGGGA
    VH (nucleotide CTTCAGTGAAGATGTCCTGCAAGGCTTCTGGCTCCACCTTTACCAG
    sequence) CTACTGGATGCACTGGGTAAAACAGGGGCCTGGACAGGGTCTGCAA
    TGGATTGGCGCTATTTATCCTGTAAATAATGATACTACCTATAATC
    AGAAGTTCAAGGGCAAGGCCGAACTCACTGTAGTCACTTCCACCAG
    CACTGCCTACATGGAGGTCAGTAGTCTGACAAATGAGGACTCTGCG
    GTCTATTACTGTACAAGATCGTTCTACTATAGTCTCGACGCGGCCT
    GGTTTGTTTACTGGGGCCAAGGGACTCTGGTCACTGTCTCTGCA
    hSIRPα.40A mouse 102 EVQFQQSGTVLARPGTSVKMSCKASGSTFTSYWMHWVKQGPGQGLQ
    VH (amino acid WIGAIYPVNNDTTYNQKFKGKAELTVVTSTSTAYMEVSSLTNEDSA
    sequence) VYYCTRSFYYSLDAAWFVYWGQGTLVTVSA
    hSIRPα.40A mouse 103 GACATCCAGATGACCCAGTCTCCATCCTCCTTATCTGCCTCTCTGG
    VL (nucleotide GAGAAAGAGTCAGTCTCACTTGTCGGGCAAGTCAGGACATTGGTAG
    sequence) TAGGTTAAACTGGCTTCAGCAGGAACCAGATGGAACTATTAAACGC
    CTGATCTACGCCACATCCAGTTTAGATTCTGGTGTCCCCAAAAGGT
    TCAGTGGCAGTAGGTCTGGGTCAGATTATTCTCTCACCATCAGCGG
    CCTTGAGTCTGAAGACTTTGTAGACTATTACTGTCTACAATATGCT
    AGTTCTCCGTTCACGTTCGGAGGGGGGACCAAGCTGGAAATAAAC
    hSIRPα.40A mouse 104 DIQMTQSPSSLSASLGERVSLTCRASQDIGSRLNWLQQEPDGTIKR
    VL (amino acid LIYATSSLDSGVPKRFSGSRSGSDYSLTISGLESEDFVDYYCLQYA
    sequence) SSPFTFGGGTKLEIN
    hSIRPα.40A mouse 105 EVQFQQSGTVLARPGTSVKMSCKASGSTFTSYWMHWVKQGPGQGLQ
    heavy chain (amino WIGAIYPVNNDTTYNQKFKGKAELTVVTSTSTAYMEVSSLTNEDSA
    acid sequence; VYYCTRSFYYSLDAAWFVYWGQGTLVTVSAAKTTPPSVYPLAPGSA
    constant domain AQTNSMVTLGCLVKGYFPEPVTVTWNSGSLSSGVHTFPAVLQSDLY
    underlined, signal TLSSSVTVPSSTWPSETVTCNVAHPASSTKVDKKIVPRDCGCKPCI
    peptide not shown) CTVPEVSSVFIFPPKPKDVLTITLTPKVTCVVVDISKDDPEVQFSW
    FVDDVEVHTAQTQPREEQFNSTFRSVSELPIMHQDWLNGKEFKCRV
    NSAAFPAPIEKTISKTKGRPKAPQVYTIPPPKEQMAKDKVSLTCMI
    TDFFPEDITVEWQWNGQPAENYKNTQPIMDTDGSYFVYSKLNVQKS
    NWEAGNTFTCSVLHEGLHNHHTEKSLSHSPGK
    hSIRPα.40A mouse 106 DIQMTQSPSSLSASLGERVSLTCRASQDIGSRLNWLQQEPDGTIKR
    light chain (amino acid LIYATSSLDSGVPKRFSGSRSGSDYSLTISGLESEDFVDYYCLQYA
    sequence; constant SSPFTFGGGTKLEINRADAAPTVSIFPPSSEQLTSGGASVVCFLNN
    domain underlined, FYPKDINVKWKIDGSERQNGVLNSWTDQDSKDSTYSMSSTLTLTKD
    signal peptide not EYERHNSYTCEATHKTSTSPIVKSFNRNEC
    shown)
    rhSIRPα/Fc (amino 107 (GVAG)EEELQVIQPDKSVLVAAGETATLRCTATSLIPVGPIQWFR
    acid sequence) GAGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTTVSDLTKRNNMDFSIRIGNITPADA
    GTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGAGTELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATP
    QHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWFKNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYS
    IHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEVAHVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPP
    TLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVRKFYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETAS
    TVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSAHRDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHD
    LKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSNERIEGRMDPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAP
    ELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWY
    VDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVS
    NKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVK
    GFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSR
    WQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
    rhSIRPγ/Fc (amino 108 VLWFRGVGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTTVSDLTKRNNMDFSIRISSI
    acid sequence) TPADVGTYYCVKFRKGSPENVEFKSGPGTEMALGAKPSAPVVLGPA
    ARTTPEHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWFKNGNELSDFQTNVDPTGQ
    SVAYSIRSTARVVLDPWDVRSQVICEVAHVTLQGDPLRGTANLSEA
    IRVPPTLEVTQQPMRAGNQVNVTCQVRKFYPQSLQLTWLENGNVCQ
    RETASTLTENKDGTYNWTSWFLVNISDQRDDVVLTCQVKHDGQLAV
    SKRLALEVTVHQKDQSSDATPGPASIEGRMDPKSCDKTHTCPPCPA
    PELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNW
    YVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKV
    SNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLV
    KGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKS
    RWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
    rhCD47/Fc (amino 109 QLLFNKTKSVEFTFCNDTVVIPCFVTNMEAQNTTEVYVKWKFKGRD
    acid sequence) IYTFDGALNKSTVPTDFSSAKIEVSQLLKGDASLKMDKSDAVSHTG
    NYTCEVTELTREGETIIELKYRVVSWFSPIEGRMDPKSCDKTHTCP
    PCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEV
    KFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEY
    KCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSL
    TCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLT
    VDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK
    hSIRP-VγC1βC2β 110 ATGCCCGTGCCTGCCTCTTGGCCTCATCTGCCCAGCCCCTTTCTGC
    (nucleotide sequence) TGATGACCCTGCTGCTGGGCAGGCTGACAGGCGTGGCAGGCGAAGA
    GGAACTGCAGATGATCCAGCCCGAGAAGCTGCTGCTCGTGACCGTG
    GGCAAGACCGCCACCCTGCACTGCACCGTGACATCCCTGCTGCCTG
    TGGGACCCGTGCTGTGGTTTAGAGGCGTGGGCCCTGGCAGAGAGCT
    GATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACCGTG
    TCCGACCTGACCAAGCGGAACAACATGGACTTCTCCATCCGGATCT
    CCAGCATCACCCCTGCCGACGTGGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAAGTT
    CCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGAGAACGTGGAGTTCAAGTCTGGCCCAGGC
    ACCGAGATGGCCCTGGGCGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGTCTG
    GACCTGCCGTGCGGGCTACCCCTGAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTACCTG
    CGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGGTTC
    AAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGTCCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACCCTG
    CCGGCGACTCCGTGTCCTACTCCATCCACTCTACCGCCAGAGTGGT
    GCTGACCAGAGGCGACGTGCACTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGATCGCC
    CATATCACACTGCAGGGCGACCCCCTGAGAGGCACCGCCAATCTGT
    CTGAGGCCATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCAGCC
    TATGAGAGCCGAGAACCAGGCCAACGTGACCTGTCAGGTGTCCAAC
    TTCTACCCTCGGGGCCTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCAATG
    TGTCCCGGACCGAGACAGCCTCCACCCTGATCGAGAACAAGGACGG
    CACCTACAATTGGATGTCCTGGCTGCTCGTGAACACCTGTGCCCAC
    AGGGACGACGTGGTGCTGACATGCCAGGTGGAACACGATGGCCAGC
    AGGCCGTGTCCAAGTCCTACGCCCTGGAAATCTCCGCCCATCAGAA
    AGAGCACGGCTCCGATATCACCCACGAGGCCGCTCTGGCTCCTACC
    GCTCCTCTGCTGGTGGCTCTGCTGCTGGGACCTAAGCTGCTGCTGG
    TCGTGGGCGTGTCCGCCATCTACATCTGCTGGAAGCAGAAGGCCTG
    A
    hSIRP-VγC1βC2β 111 MPVPASWPHLPSPFLLMTLLLGRLTGVAGEEELQMIQPEKLLLVTV
    (amino acid sequence) GKTATLHCTVTSLLPVGPVLWFRGVGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTTV
    SDLTKRNNMDFSIRISSITPADVGTYYCVKFRKGSPENVEFKSGPG
    TEMALGAKPSAPVVSGPAVRATPEHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWF
    KNGNELSDFQTNVDPAGDSVSYSIHSTARVVLTRGDVHSQVICEIA
    HITLQGDPLRGTANLSEAIRVPPTLEVTQQPMRAENQANVTCQVSN
    FYPRGLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTLIENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNTCAH
    RDDVVLTCQVEHDGQQAVSKSYALEISAHQKEHGSDITHEAALAPT
    APLLVALLLGPKLLLVVGVSAIYICWKQKA
    hSIRP-VβC1γC2β 112 ATGCCCGTGCCTGCCTCTTGGCCTCATCTGCCCAGCCCCTTTCTGC
    (nucleotide sequence) TGATGACCCTGCTGCTGGGCAGGCTGACAGGCGTGGCAGGCGAAGA
    TGAGCTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGAGAAGTCCGTGTCTGTGGCCGCT
    GGCGAGTCTGCCACCCTGAGATGCGCTATGACCTCCCTGATCCCCG
    TGGGCCCCATCATGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCGCTGGCAGAGAGCT
    GATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACCGTG
    TCCGAGCTGACCAAGCGGAACAACCTGGACTTCTCCATCTCCATCA
    GCAACATCACCCCTGCCGACGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAAGTT
    CCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGACGACGTGGAGTTCAAATCCGGCGCTGGA
    ACCGAGCTGTCCGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGCTGG
    GACCTGCCGCTAGAACCACCCCTGAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTACCTG
    CGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGGTTC
    AAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACCCTA
    CCGGCCAGTCCGTGGCCTACTCCATCAGATCCACCGCCAGAGTGGT
    GCTGGACCCTTGGGATGTGCGGTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGGTGGCC
    CATGTGACACTGCAGGGCGATCCTCTGAGAGGCACCGCCAATCTGT
    CTGAGGCCATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCAGCC
    TATGAGAGCCGAGAACCAGGCCAACGTGACCTGCCAGGTGTCCAAC
    TTCTACCCTCGGGGCCTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCAATG
    TGTCCCGGACCGAGACAGCCTCCACCCTGATCGAGAACAAGGATGG
    CACCTACAATTGGATGTCCTGGCTGCTCGTGAACACCTGTGCCCAC
    CGGGATGACGTGGTGCTGACTTGTCAGGTGGAACACGACGGCCAGC
    AGGCCGTGTCCAAGTCCTACGCCCTGGAAATCTCCGCCCATCAGAA
    AGAGCACGGCTCCGATATCACCCACGAGGCCGCTCTGGCTCCTACC
    GCTCCTCTGCTGGTGGCTCTGCTGCTGGGACCTAAGCTGCTGCTGG
    TCGTGGGCGTGTCCGCCATCTACATCTGCTGGAAGCAGAAGGCCTG
    A
    hSIRP-VβC1γC2β 113 MPVPASWPHLPSPFLLMTLLLGRLTGVAGEDELQVIQPEKSVSVAA
    (amino acid sequence) GESATLRCAMTSLIPVGPIMWFRGAGAGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTTV
    SELTKRNNLDFSISISNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGAG
    TELSVRAKPSAPVVLGPAARTTPEHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWF
    KNGNELSDFQTNVDPTGQSVAYSIRSTARVVLDPWDVRSQVICEVA
    HVTLQGDPLRGTANLSEAIRVPPTLEVTQQPMRAENQANVTCQVSN
    FYPRGLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTLIENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNTCAH
    RDDVVLTCQVEHDGQQAVSKSYALEISAHQKEHGSDITHEAALAPT
    APLLVALLLGPKLLLVVGVSAIYICWKQKA
    hSIRP-VβC1βC2γ 114 ATGCCCGTGCCTGCCTCTTGGCCTCATCTGCCCAGCCCCTTTCTGC
    (nucleotide sequence) TGATGACCCTGCTGCTGGGCAGGCTGACAGGCGTGGCAGGCGAAGA
    TGAGCTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCCGAGAAGTCCGTGTCTGTGGCCGCT
    GGCGAGTCTGCCACCCTGAGATGCGCTATGACCTCCCTGATCCCCG
    TGGGCCCCATCATGTGGTTTAGAGGCGCTGGCGCTGGCAGAGAGCT
    GATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGCCACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACCGTG
    TCCGAGCTGACCAAGCGGAACAACCTGGACTTCTCCATCTCCATCA
    GCAACATCACCCCTGCCGACGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAAGTT
    CCGGAAGGGCTCCCCCGACGACGTGGAGTTCAAATCCGGCGCTGGA
    ACCGAGCTGTCCGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCCCCTGTGGTGTCTG
    GACCTGCTGTGCGCGCTACCCCTGAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTACCTG
    CGAGTCCCACGGCTTCAGCCCTCGGGACATCACCCTGAAGTGGTTC
    AAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGAGCGACTTCCAGACCAACGTGGACCCTG
    CCGGCGACTCCGTGTCCTACTCCATCCACTCTACCGCCAGAGTGGT
    GCTGACCAGAGGCGACGTGCACTCCCAAGTGATCTGCGAGATCGCC
    CATATCACACTGCAGGGCGACCCCCTGAGAGGCACCGCCAATCTGT
    CTGAGGCCATCAGAGTGCCCCCCACCCTGGAAGTGACCCAGCAGCC
    TATGAGAGTGGGCAACCAAGTGAACGTGACCTGCCAAGTGCGGAAG
    TTCTACCCCCAGTCCCTGCAGCTGACTTGGAGCGAGAATGGCAACG
    TGTGCCAGAGAGAGACAGCCTCCACCCTGACCGAGAACAAGGACGG
    AACCTACAACTGGACCTCCTGGTTCCTCGTGAACATCTCCGACCAG
    CGGGACGACGTGGTGCTGACATGCCAAGTGAAGCACGATGGACAGC
    TGGCCGTGTCCAAGCGGCTGGCTCTGGAAGTGACAGTGCACCAGAA
    AGAGCACGGCTCCGACATCACCCACGAGGCCGCTCTGGCTCCTACA
    GCTCCTCTGCTGGTGGCTCTGCTGCTGGGACCTAAGCTGCTGCTGG
    TCGTGGGCGTGTCCGCCATCTACATCTGCTGGAAGCAGAAGGCCTG
    A
    hSIRP-VβC1βC2γ 115 MPVPASWPHLPSPFLLMTLLLGRLTGVAGEDELQVIQPEKSVSVAA
    (amino acid sequence) GESATLRCAMTSLIPVGPIMWFRGAGAGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTTV
    SELTKRNNLDFSISISNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGAG
    TELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAVRATPEHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWF
    KNGNELSDFQTNVDPAGDSVSYSIHSTARVVLTRGDVHSQVICEIA
    HITLQGDPLRGTANLSEAIRVPPTLEVTQQPMRVGNQVNVTCQVRK
    FYPQSLQLTWSENGNVCQRETASTLTENKDGTYNWTSWFLVNISDQ
    RDDVVLTCQVKHDGQLAVSKRLALEVTVHQKEHGSDITHEAALAPT
    APLLVALLLGPKLLLVVGVSAIYICWKQKA
    human SIRPβL 116 ATGCCTGTGCCTGCCTCTTGGCCTCATCTGCCCTCTCCATTTCTGC
    (nucleotide sequence) TGATGACCCTGCTGCTGGGCAGACTGACAGGTGTTGCTGGCGAAGA
    GGAACTGCAAGTGATCCAGCCTGACAAGAGCATCTCTGTGGCCGCT
    GGCGAATCTGCCACACTGCACTGTACCGTGACATCTCTGATCCCTG
    TGGGCCCCATCCAGTGGTTTAGAGGTGCTGGACCTGGCAGAGAGCT
    GATCTACAACCAGAAAGAGGGACACTTCCCCAGAGTGACCACCGTG
    TCCGACCTGACCAAGCGGAACAACATGGACTTCAGCATCCGGATCA
    GCAACATCACCCCTGCCGATGCCGGCACCTACTACTGCGTGAAGTT
    CAGAAAGGGCAGCCCCGACCACGTCGAGTTTAAAAGCGGAGCCGGC
    ACAGAGCTGAGCGTGCGGGCTAAACCTTCTGCTCCTGTGGTGTCTG
    GACCAGCCGCTAGAGCTACACCTCAGCACACCGTGTCTTTTACCTG
    CGAGAGCCACGGCTTCAGCCCCAGAGATATCACCCTGAAGTGGTTC
    AAGAACGGCAACGAGCTGTCCGACTTCCAGACCAATGTGGACCCAG
    CCGGCGATAGCGTGTCCTACAGCATTCACAGCACCGCCAAGGTGGT
    GCTGACCCGGGAAGATGTGCACAGCCAAGTGATTTGCGAGGTGGCC
    CACGTTACCCTGCAAGGCGATCCTCTGAGAGGAACCGCCAACCTGA
    GCGAGACAATCCGGGTGCCACCTACACTGGAAGTGACCCAGCAGCC
    TGTGCGGGCCGAGAATCAAGTGAACGTGACCTGCCAAGTGCGGAAG
    TTCTACCCTCAGAGACTGCAGCTGACCTGGCTGGAAAACGGCAATG
    TGTCCCGGACCGAGACAGCCAGCACACTGACCGAGAACAAGGATGG
    CACCTACAATTGGATGAGCTGGCTGCTGGTCAATGTGTCTGCCCAC
    CGGGACGATGTGAAGCTGACATGCCAGGTGGAACACGATGGCCAGC
    CTGCCGTGTCTAAGAGCCACGACCTGAAGGTGTCCGCTCATCCCAA
    AGAGCAGGGCAGCAATACTGCCCCTGGACCTGCTCTTGCTTCTGCC
    GCTCCTCTGCTGATCGCCTTTCTGCTGGGACCTAAGGTGCTGCTGG
    TTGTGGGAGTGTCCGTGATCTACGTGTACTGGAAGCAGAAGGCC
    human SIRPβL (amino 117 MPVPASWPHLPSPFLLMTLLLGRLTGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSISVAA
    acid sequence) GESATLHCTVTSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTTV
    SDLTKRNNMDFSIRISNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDHVEFKSGAG
    TELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKWF
    KNGNELSDFQTNVDPAGDSVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEVA
    HVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVRK
    FYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTLTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSAH
    RDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAPGPALASA
    APLLIAFLLGPKVLLVVGVSVIYVYWKQKA
    human IgG1 constant 118 GCCAGCACCAAGGGCCCATCGGTCTTCCCCCTGGCACCCTCCTCCA
    domains (nucleotide AGAGCACCTCTGGGGGCACAGCGGCCCTGGGCTGCCTGGTCAAGGA
    sequence) CTACTTCCCCGAACCGGTGACGGTGTCGTGGAACTCAGGCGCCCTG
    ACCAGCGGCGTGCACACCTTCCCGGCTGTCCTACAGTCCTCAGGAC
    TCTACTCCCTCAGCAGCGTGGTGACCGTGCCCTCCAGCAGCTTGGG
    CACCCAGACCTACATCTGCAACGTGAATCACAAGCCCAGCAACACC
    AAGGTGGACAAGAAAGTTGAGCCCAAATCTTGTGACAAAACTCACA
    CATGCCCACCGTGCCCAGCACCTGAACTCCTGGGGGGACCGTCAGT
    CTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCATGATCTCCCGG
    ACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACGAAGACC
    CTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATAA
    TGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGG
    GTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCA
    AGGAGTACAAGTGCAAGGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCCCCAT
    CGAGAAAACCATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAG
    GTGTACACCCTGCCCCCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGG
    TCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGC
    CGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACC
    ACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCTTCCTCTACAGCA
    AGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACGTCTTCTC
    ATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAAG
    AGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAA
    human IgG1 constant 119 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGAL
    domains (amino acid TSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNT
    sequence) KVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    TPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYR
    VVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQ
    VYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQK
    SLSLSPGK
    mouse IgG1 constant 120 AKTTPPSVYPLAPGCGDTTGSSVTLGCLVKGYFPESVTVTWNSGSL
    domains (amino acid SSSVHTFPALLQSGLYTMSSSVTVPSSTWPSQTVTCSVAHPASSTT
    sequence) VDKKLEPSGPISTINPCPPCKECHKCPAPNLEGGPSVFIFPPNIKD
    VLMISLTPKVTCVVVDVSEDDPDVQISWFVNNVEVHTAQTQTHRED
    YNSTIRVVSTLPIQHQDWMSGKEFKCKVNNKDLPSPIERTISKIKG
    LVRAPQVYILPPPAEQLSRKDVSLTCLVVGFNPGDISVEWTSNGHT
    EENYKDTAPVLDSDGSYFIYSKLNMKTSKWEKTDSFSCNVRHEGLK
    NYYLKKTISRSPGK
    mouse kappa constant 121 RADAAPTVSIFPPSSEQLTSGGASVVCFLNNFYPKDINVKWKIDGS
    domain (amino acid ERQNGVLNSWTDQDSKDSTYSMSSTLTLTKDEYERHNSYTCEATHK
    sequence) TSTSPIVKSFNRNEC
    human IgG2 constant 122 ASTKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGAL
    domains, V234A- TSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSNFGTQTYTCNVDHKPSNT
    G237A-P238S- KVDKTVERKCCVECPPCPAPPAAASSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEV
    H268A-V309L- TCVVVDVSAEDPEVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFNSTFRVVSV
    A330S-P331S (Sigma) LTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPSSIEKTISKTKGQPREPQVYTL
    mutant (amino acid PPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIX1VEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP
    sequence) MLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLS
    LSPGK
    wherein:
    X1 = A, S
    human IgG1 constant 123 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGAL
    domains, L234A- TSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNT
    L235A mutant (amino KVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    acid sequence) TPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYR
    VVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQ
    VYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQK
    SLSLSPGK
    human IgG1 constant 124 GCTAGCACAAAGGGCCCTAGTGTGTTTCCTCTGGCTCCCTCTTCCA
    domains, L234A- AATCCACTTCTGGTGGCACTGCTGCTCTGGGATGCCTGGTGAAGGA
    L235A-P329G mutant TTACTTTCCTGAACCTGTGACTGTCTCATGGAACTCTGGTGCTCTG
    (nucleotide sequence) ACTTCTGGTGTCCACACTTTCCCTGCTGTGCTGCAGTCTAGTGGAC
    TGTACTCTCTGTCATCTGTGGTCACTGTGCCCTCTTCATCTCTGGG
    AACCCAGACCTACATTTGTAATGTGAACCACAAACCATCCAACACT
    AAAGTGGACAAAAAAGTGGAACCCAAATCCTGTGACAAAACCCACA
    CCTGCCCACCTTGTCCGGCGCCTGAAGCGGCGGGAGGACCTTCTGT
    GTTTCTGTTCCCCCCCAAACCAAAGGATACCCTGATGATCTCGCGA
    ACCCCTGAGGTGACATGTGTGGTGGTGGATGTGTCTCATGAGGACC
    CCGAAGTCAAATTTAATTGGTATGTCGACGGCGTCGAGGTGCATAA
    TGCCAAAACCAAGCCTAGAGAGGAACAGTACAATTCAACCTACAGA
    GTCGTCAGTGTGCTGACTGTGCTGCATCAGGATTGGCTGAATGGCA
    AGGAATACAAGTGTAAAGTCTCAAACAAGGCCCTGGGAGCTCCAAT
    TGAGAAAACAATCTCAAAGGCCAAAGGACAGCCTAGGGAACCCCAG
    GTCTACACCCTGCCACCTTCGAGAGACGAACTGACCAAAAACCAGG
    TGTCCCTGACATGCCTGGTCAAAGGCTTCTACCCTTCTGACATTGC
    TGTGGAGTGGGAGTCAAATGGACAGCCTGAGAACAACTACAAAACA
    ACCCCCCCTGTGCTGGATTCTGATGGCTCTTTCTTTCTGTACTCCA
    AACTGACTGTGGACAAGTCTAGATGGCAGCAGGGGAATGTCTTTTC
    TTGCTCTGTCATGCATGAGGCTCTGCATAACCACTACACTCAGAAA
    TCCCTGTCTCTGTCTCCCGGGAAA
    human IgG1 constant 125 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGAL
    domains, L234A- TSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNT
    L235A-P329G mutant KVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPEAAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    (amino acid sequence) TPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYR
    VVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALGAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQ
    VYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQK
    SLSLSPGK
    human IgG1 constant 126 ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGAL
    domains, N297Q TSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNT
    mutant (amino acid KVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISR
    sequence) TPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYQSTYR
    VVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQ
    VYTLPPSRDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKT
    TPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQK
    SLSLSPGK
    human IgG4 constant 127 ASTKGPSVFPLAPCSRSTSESTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGAL
    domains, S228P- TSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTKTYTCNVDHKPSNT
    N297Q mutant (amino KVDKRVESKYGPPCPPCPAPEFLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPE
    acid sequence) VTCVVVDVSQEDPEVQFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQFQSTYRVVS
    VLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKGLPSSIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYT
    LPPSQEEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPP
    VLDSDGSFFLYSRLTVDKSRWQEGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLS
    LSLGK
    18D5 VH (amino acid 128 QVQLQQPGAELVRPGSSVKLSCKASGYTFTSYWVHWVKQRPIQGLE
    sequence) WIGNIDPSDSDTHYNQKFKDKASLTVDKSSSTAYMQLSSLTFEDSA
    VYYCVRGGIGTMAWFAYWGQGTLVTVSA
    18D5 VL (amino acid 129 DVVMTQTPLSLPVSLGDQASISCRSSQSLVHSYGNTYLYWYLQKPG
    sequence) QSPKLLIYRVSNRFSGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLKISRVEAEDLGVYF
    CFQGTHVPYTFGSGTKLEIK
    KWAR23 VH (amino 130 EVQLQQSGAELVKPGASVKLSCTASGFNIKDYYIHWVQQRTEQGLE
    acid sequence) WIGRIDPEDGETKYAPKFQDKATITADTSSNTAYLHLSSLTSEDTA
    VYYCARWGAYWGQGTLVTVSS
    KWAR23 VL (amino 131 QIVLTQSPAIMSASPGEKVTLTCSASSSVSSSYLYWYQQKPGSSPK
    acid sequence) LWIYSTSNLASGVPARFSGSGSGTSYSLTISSMEAEDAASYFCHQW
    SSYPRTFGAGTKLELK
    rhSIRPα-HIS (amino 132 MEPAGPAPGRLGPLLCLLLAASCAWSGVAGEEELQVIQPDKSVLVA
    acid sequence) AGETATLRCTATSLIPVGPIQWFRGAGPGRELIYNQKEGHFPRVTT
    VSDLTKRNNMDFSIRIGNITPADAGTYYCVKFRKGSPDDVEFKSGA
    GTELSVRAKPSAPVVSGPAARATPQHTVSFTCESHGFSPRDITLKW
    FKNGNELSDFQTNVDPVGESVSYSIHSTAKVVLTREDVHSQVICEV
    AHVTLQGDPLRGTANLSETIRVPPTLEVTQQPVRAENQVNVTCQVR
    KFYPQRLQLTWLENGNVSRTETASTVTENKDGTYNWMSWLLVNVSA
    HRDDVKLTCQVEHDGQPAVSKSHDLKVSAHPKEQGSNTAAENTGSN
    ERHHHHHH
  • All references cited herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, database entry (e.g. Genbank sequences or GenelD entries), patent application, or patent, was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. This statement of incorporation by reference is intended by Applicants, pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 1.57(b)(1), to relate to each and every individual publication, database entry (e.g. Genbank sequences or GeneID entries), patent application, or patent, each of which is clearly identified in compliance with 37 C.F.R. § 1.57(b)(2), even if such citation is not immediately adjacent to a dedicated statement of incorporation by reference. The inclusion of dedicated statements of incorporation by reference, if any, within the specification does not in any way weaken this general statement of incorporation by reference. Citation of the references herein is not intended as an admission that the reference is pertinent prior art, nor does it constitute any admission as to the contents or date of these publications or documents. To the extent that the references provide a definition for a claimed term that conflicts with the definitions provided in the instant specification, the definitions provided in the instant specification shall be used to interpret the claimed invention.
  • The present invention is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein. Indeed, various modifications of the invention in addition to those described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and the accompanying figures. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
  • The foregoing written specification is considered to be sufficient to enable one skilled in the art to practice the invention. Various modifications of the invention in addition to those shown and described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (16)

1-30. (canceled)
31. An antibody antibody having the following characteristics:
binds human SIRPαV1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 with an EC50<1 nM;
does not cross-react with SIRPβ1 protein having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; and
exhibits a T20 “humanness” score of at least 79.
32. An antibody according to claim 31, wherein the antibody binds to a cell expressing human SIRPαV1 protein with an EC50<10 nM;
binds to a cell expressing human SIRPαV2 protein with an EC50<10 nM;
exhibits at least a 100-fold higher EC50 for SIRPαV1(P74A) having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62 as compared to the EC50 for human SIRPαV1 protein; and
exhibits at least a 100-fold higher EC50 for human SIRPβ1 protein as compared to the EC50 for human SIRPαV1 protein.
33. An antibody according to claim 31, wherein the antibody inhibits binding between human SIRPα and CD47 with an IC50<2.5 nM.
34. An antibody according to claim 32, wherein the antibody inhibits binding between human SIRPα and CD47 with an IC50<2.5 nM.
35. A composition comprising:
an antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 31; and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent,
wherein the composition optionally comprises a second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that induces ADCC and/or ADCP, wherein said antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 31 enhances the antibody-mediated destruction of cells by the second antibody.
36. A composition comprising:
an antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 31; and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent,
37. A composition according to claim 36, further comprising a second antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that induces ADCC and/or ADCP.
38. An antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to the same epitope of human SIRPα as an antibody comprising one of the following combinations of heavy chain sequence/light chain sequence:
SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 90,
SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 92,
SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 94,
SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 96,
SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 98,
SEQ ID NO: 78/SEQ ID NO: 100,
SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 90,
SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 92,
SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 94,
SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 96,
SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 98,
SEQ ID NO: 80/SEQ ID NO: 100,
SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 90,
SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 92,
SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 94,
SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 96,
SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 98,
SEQ ID NO: 82/SEQ ID NO: 100,
SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 90,
SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 92,
SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 94,
SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 96,
SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 98,
SEQ ID NO: 84/SEQ ID NO: 100,
SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 90,
SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 92,
SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 94,
SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 96,
SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 98,
SEQ ID NO: 86/SEQ ID NO: 100,
SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 90,
SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 92,
SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 94,
SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 96,
SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 98,
SEQ ID NO: 88/SEQ ID NO: 100,
SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 20,
SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 22,
SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 24,
SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 26,
SEQ ID NO: 10/SEQ ID NO: 28,
SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 20,
SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 22,
SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 24,
SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 26,
SEQ ID NO: 12/SEQ ID NO: 28,
SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 20,
SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 22,
SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 24,
SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 26,
SEQ ID NO: 14/SEQ ID NO: 28,
SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 20,
SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 22,
SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 24,
SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 26,
SEQ ID NO: 16/SEQ ID NO: 28,
SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 20,
SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 22,
SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 24,
SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 26,
SEQ ID NO: 18/SEQ ID NO: 28.
39. An isolated nucleic acid encoding an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRPα, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises:
a. a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:69 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
b. a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:70 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
c. a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:71 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
d. a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:72 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
e. a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:73 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions, and
f. a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:74 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions.
or wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises:
g. a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
h. a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
i. a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
j. a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
k. a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions, and
l. a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions.
40. An expression vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid of claim 39.
41. A host cell comprising expression vector of claim 40.
42. A method of producing an antibody or antigen binding fragment comprising:
culturing a host cell comprising a polynucleotide of claim 39 under conditions favorable to expression of the polynucleotide; and optionally, recovering the antibody or antigen binding fragment from the host cell and/or culture medium.
43. A method for detecting the presence of a SIRPα peptide or a fragment thereof in a sample comprising contacting the sample with an antibody or fragment an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to human SIRPα, wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises:
a. a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:69 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
b. a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:70 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
c. a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:71 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
d. a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:72 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
e. a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:73 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions, and
f. a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:74 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions.
or wherein the antibody or antigen binding fragment comprises:
g. a heavy chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 1 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
h. a heavy chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 2 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
i. a heavy chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 3 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
j. a light chain variable region CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 4 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions,
k. a light chain variable region CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 5 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions, and
l. a light chain variable region CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6 or an amino acid sequence differing from SEQ ID NO: 6 by 1, 2, or 3 conservative substitutions; and
detecting the presence of a complex between the antibody or fragment and the peptide; wherein detection of the complex indicates the presence of the SIRPα peptide.
44. A method of treating cancer, an infection, or infectious disease in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 31.
45. A method of treating cancer, an infection, or infectious disease in a human subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an antibody or antigen binding fragment of claim 32.
US17/107,334 2017-04-13 2020-11-30 Anti-sirp alpha antibodies Abandoned US20220135671A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/107,334 US20220135671A1 (en) 2017-04-13 2020-11-30 Anti-sirp alpha antibodies
US17/576,109 US20220135677A1 (en) 2017-04-13 2022-01-14 Anti-sirp alpha antibodies

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2018708A NL2018708B1 (en) 2017-04-13 2017-04-13 ANTI-SIRPα ANTIBODIES
NL2018708 2017-04-13
NL2019166 2017-07-03
NL2019166 2017-07-03
US15/953,201 US10851164B2 (en) 2017-04-13 2018-04-13 Anti-SIRPα antibodies
US17/107,334 US20220135671A1 (en) 2017-04-13 2020-11-30 Anti-sirp alpha antibodies

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/953,201 Division US10851164B2 (en) 2017-04-13 2018-04-13 Anti-SIRPα antibodies

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/576,109 Division US20220135677A1 (en) 2017-04-13 2022-01-14 Anti-sirp alpha antibodies

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20220135671A1 true US20220135671A1 (en) 2022-05-05

Family

ID=63793537

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/953,201 Active 2038-05-31 US10851164B2 (en) 2017-04-13 2018-04-13 Anti-SIRPα antibodies
US17/107,334 Abandoned US20220135671A1 (en) 2017-04-13 2020-11-30 Anti-sirp alpha antibodies
US17/576,109 Pending US20220135677A1 (en) 2017-04-13 2022-01-14 Anti-sirp alpha antibodies

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/953,201 Active 2038-05-31 US10851164B2 (en) 2017-04-13 2018-04-13 Anti-SIRPα antibodies

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/576,109 Pending US20220135677A1 (en) 2017-04-13 2022-01-14 Anti-sirp alpha antibodies

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (3) US10851164B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3609922A2 (en)
JP (2) JP7160833B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20190140454A (en)
AU (1) AU2018252546A1 (en)
CA (1) CA3058134A1 (en)
IL (1) IL269405A (en)
MX (1) MX2019012233A (en)
SG (1) SG11201908813QA (en)
TW (1) TW201841943A (en)
WO (1) WO2018190719A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (58)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JOP20190009A1 (en) 2016-09-21 2019-01-27 Alx Oncology Inc Antibodies against signal-regulatory protein alpha and methods of use
EP3551661A1 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-10-16 Alector LLC Anti-sirp-alpha antibodies and methods of use thereof
MX2019012233A (en) * 2017-04-13 2020-01-14 Aduro Biotech Holdings Europe Bv Anti-sirp alpha antibodies.
CN112040979A (en) 2018-03-21 2020-12-04 Alx肿瘤生物技术公司 Antibodies to signal-modulating protein alpha and methods of use
US11319373B2 (en) 2018-05-25 2022-05-03 Alector Llc Anti-SIRPA antibodies and methods of use thereof
US20210155707A1 (en) 2018-07-10 2021-05-27 National University Corporation Kobe University ANTI-SIRPalpha ANTIBODY
US11591390B2 (en) 2018-09-27 2023-02-28 Celgene Corporation SIRP-α binding proteins and methods of use thereof
BR112021009325A2 (en) 2018-11-14 2021-09-14 Arch Oncology, Inc. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY, OR ANTIGEN-BINDING FRAGMENT THEREOF; B-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY; METHOD TO PREVENT OR TREAT A SUSCEPTIBLE CANCER IN A HUMAN BEING; SIRP¿ EXPRESSION ASSAY METHOD IN TUMOR AND/OR IMMUNE CELLS; AND; PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION
CN113412279A (en) 2018-11-15 2021-09-17 拜奥迪斯私人有限公司 Humanized anti-SIRP alpha antibodies
EP3883966B1 (en) 2018-12-21 2023-07-12 OSE Immunotherapeutics Humanized anti-human-pd-1 antibody
WO2020127373A1 (en) 2018-12-21 2020-06-25 Ose Immunotherapeutics Bifunctional anti-pd-1/sirpa molecule
JP2022515223A (en) 2018-12-21 2022-02-17 オーエスイー・イミュノセラピューティクス Bifunctional molecule for human PD-1
US20230071889A1 (en) 2018-12-21 2023-03-09 Ose Immunotherapeutics Bifunctional anti-pd-1/il-7 molecule
WO2020165374A1 (en) 2019-02-14 2020-08-20 Ose Immunotherapeutics Bifunctional molecule comprising il-15ra
EP3980747A1 (en) 2019-06-07 2022-04-13 ALX Oncology Inc. Methods and reagents for reducing the interference of drugs that bind cd47 in serological assays
PE20220231A1 (en) 2019-06-25 2022-02-07 Gilead Sciences Inc FLT3L-FC FUSION PROTEINS AND METHODS OF USE
WO2021011912A1 (en) * 2019-07-17 2021-01-21 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Combination of integrin-targeting knottin-fc fusion and anti-cd47 antibody for the treatment of cancer
WO2021020845A1 (en) * 2019-07-26 2021-02-04 Abl Bio Inc. Anti-egfr/anti-4-1bb bispecific antibody and use thereof
KR20220085796A (en) 2019-10-18 2022-06-22 포티 세븐, 인코포레이티드 Combination Therapy to Treat Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
CA3153636A1 (en) 2019-10-31 2021-05-06 Forty Seven, Inc. Anti-cd47 and anti-cd20 based treatment of blood cancer
CN114845710A (en) 2019-11-27 2022-08-02 Alx肿瘤生物技术公司 Combination therapy for the treatment of cancer
PE20230376A1 (en) 2019-12-24 2023-03-06 Carna Biosciences Inc DIACYL GLYCEROL KINASE MODULATING COMPOUNDS
CN116621981A (en) * 2019-12-24 2023-08-22 礼新医药科技(上海)有限公司 anti-SIRP alpha monoclonal antibody and application thereof
IL295023A (en) 2020-02-14 2022-09-01 Jounce Therapeutics Inc Antibodies and fusion proteins that bind to ccr8 and uses thereof
US20230340112A1 (en) * 2020-02-28 2023-10-26 Apexigen, Inc. Anti-sirpa antibodies and methods of use
TW202208431A (en) * 2020-05-08 2022-03-01 美商電子療法股份有限公司 Sirp alpha and sirp beta 1 antibodies and uses thereof
EP4157315A1 (en) 2020-06-01 2023-04-05 ALX Oncology Inc. Combination therapies comprising a hypomethylation agent for treating cancer
US20240016787A1 (en) 2020-11-03 2024-01-18 Rdiscovery, LLC Methods for treatment of cancer and phagocytosis-deficiency related diseases
EP4245321A1 (en) 2020-11-11 2023-09-20 Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited Combination of antibody-drug conjugate with anti-sirpalpha antibody
CN115368455A (en) * 2020-11-30 2022-11-22 启愈生物技术(上海)有限公司 Specific antibody of targeted human SIRP alpha protein and application thereof
JP2023552375A (en) 2020-12-06 2023-12-15 エーエルエックス オンコロジー インコーポレイテッド Multimers for reducing interference of drugs that bind to CD47 in serological assays
TW202302145A (en) 2021-04-14 2023-01-16 美商基利科學股份有限公司 Co-inhibition of cd47/sirpα binding and nedd8-activating enzyme e1 regulatory subunit for the treatment of cancer
KR20240007913A (en) 2021-05-13 2024-01-17 알렉소 온콜로지 인크. Combination therapy for cancer treatment
WO2022245671A1 (en) 2021-05-18 2022-11-24 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Methods of using flt3l-fc fusion proteins
CN117355539A (en) * 2021-05-28 2024-01-05 百奥泰生物制药股份有限公司 anti-SIRP alpha antibody and application thereof
US11572412B2 (en) 2021-06-04 2023-02-07 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Anti-SIRP-alpha antibodies
CA3222595A1 (en) 2021-06-23 2022-12-29 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Diacylglyercol kinase modulating compounds
US11932634B2 (en) 2021-06-23 2024-03-19 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Diacylglycerol kinase modulating compounds
US20230046340A1 (en) 2021-06-23 2023-02-16 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Diacylglyercol kinase modulating compounds
AU2022299051A1 (en) 2021-06-23 2023-12-07 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Diacylglyercol kinase modulating compounds
CA3221281A1 (en) 2021-06-29 2023-01-05 Seagen Inc. Methods of treating cancer with a combination of a nonfucosylated anti-cd70 antibody and a cd47 antagonist
CA3227617A1 (en) 2021-08-05 2023-02-09 Osiris MARROQUIN BELAUNZARAN Combination medicaments comprising hla fusion proteins
WO2023020459A1 (en) * 2021-08-17 2023-02-23 杭州九源基因工程有限公司 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TARGETING SIRPα AND USE THEREOF
CN113956363B (en) * 2021-10-13 2023-03-31 宜明昂科生物医药技术（上海）股份有限公司 Recombinant fusion protein targeting CD47 and CD24 and preparation and application thereof
US20230183216A1 (en) 2021-10-28 2023-06-15 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Pyridizin-3(2h)-one derivatives
WO2023077030A1 (en) 2021-10-29 2023-05-04 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Cd73 compounds
US20230242508A1 (en) 2021-12-22 2023-08-03 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Ikaros zinc finger family degraders and uses thereof
WO2023122581A2 (en) 2021-12-22 2023-06-29 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Ikaros zinc finger family degraders and uses thereof
TW202340168A (en) 2022-01-28 2023-10-16 美商基利科學股份有限公司 Parp7 inhibitors
WO2023154578A1 (en) 2022-02-14 2023-08-17 Sana Biotechnology, Inc. Methods of treating patients exhibiting a prior failed therapy with hypoimmunogenic cells
US20230373950A1 (en) 2022-03-17 2023-11-23 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Ikaros zinc finger family degraders and uses thereof
WO2023183313A1 (en) 2022-03-22 2023-09-28 Sana Biotechnology, Inc. Engineering cells with a transgene in b2m or ciita locus and associated compositions and methods
US20230355796A1 (en) 2022-03-24 2023-11-09 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Combination therapy for treating trop-2 expressing cancers
TW202345901A (en) 2022-04-05 2023-12-01 美商基利科學股份有限公司 Combination therapy for treating colorectal cancer
WO2023205719A1 (en) 2022-04-21 2023-10-26 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Kras g12d modulating compounds
US20240010701A1 (en) 2022-06-01 2024-01-11 ALX Oncology Inc. Combination therapies for treating urothelial carcinoma
WO2024006929A1 (en) 2022-07-01 2024-01-04 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Cd73 compounds
WO2024064668A1 (en) 2022-09-21 2024-03-28 Gilead Sciences, Inc. FOCAL IONIZING RADIATION AND CD47/SIRPα DISRUPTION ANTICANCER COMBINATION THERAPY

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9334331B2 (en) * 2010-11-17 2016-05-10 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Bispecific antibodies
US20180105600A1 (en) * 2016-09-21 2018-04-19 Alexo Therapeutics Inc. Antibodies against signal-regulatory protein alpha and methods of use
US10421807B2 (en) * 2011-07-21 2019-09-24 Zoetis Services Llc Interleukin-31 monoclonal antibody
US10851164B2 (en) * 2017-04-13 2020-12-01 Aduro Biotech Holdings, Europe B.V. Anti-SIRPα antibodies
US20210388107A1 (en) * 2018-11-15 2021-12-16 Byondis B.V. Humanized anti-sirp alpha antibodies
US11572412B2 (en) * 2021-06-04 2023-02-07 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Anti-SIRP-alpha antibodies
US20230106247A1 (en) * 2020-03-20 2023-04-06 L&L Biopharma Co., Ltd. Sirpalpha-targeting antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, and preparation and application thereof

Family Cites Families (202)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4399216A (en) 1980-02-25 1983-08-16 The Trustees Of Columbia University Processes for inserting DNA into eucaryotic cells and for producing proteinaceous materials
US4447233A (en) 1981-04-10 1984-05-08 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Medication infusion pump
US4439196A (en) 1982-03-18 1984-03-27 Merck & Co., Inc. Osmotic drug delivery system
US4447224A (en) 1982-09-20 1984-05-08 Infusaid Corporation Variable flow implantable infusion apparatus
US4487603A (en) 1982-11-26 1984-12-11 Cordis Corporation Implantable microinfusion pump system
US4816567A (en) 1983-04-08 1989-03-28 Genentech, Inc. Recombinant immunoglobin preparations
US4740461A (en) 1983-12-27 1988-04-26 Genetics Institute, Inc. Vectors and methods for transformation of eucaryotic cells
DE3572982D1 (en) 1984-03-06 1989-10-19 Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd Chemically modified lymphokine and production thereof
US4596556A (en) 1985-03-25 1986-06-24 Bioject, Inc. Hypodermic injection apparatus
JP2532858B2 (en) 1985-04-01 1996-09-11 セルテツク リミテツド Transformed myeloma cell line
GB8601597D0 (en) 1986-01-23 1986-02-26 Wilson R H Nucleotide sequences
US5225539A (en) 1986-03-27 1993-07-06 Medical Research Council Recombinant altered antibodies and methods of making altered antibodies
US4959455A (en) 1986-07-14 1990-09-25 Genetics Institute, Inc. Primate hematopoietic growth factors IL-3 and pharmaceutical compositions
US4946778A (en) 1987-09-21 1990-08-07 Genex Corporation Single polypeptide chain binding molecules
US5260203A (en) 1986-09-02 1993-11-09 Enzon, Inc. Single polypeptide chain binding molecules
ATE87659T1 (en) 1986-09-02 1993-04-15 Enzon Lab Inc BINDING MOLECULES WITH SINGLE POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN.
US4912040A (en) 1986-11-14 1990-03-27 Genetics Institute, Inc. Eucaryotic expression system
EP0307434B2 (en) 1987-03-18 1998-07-29 Scotgen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. Altered antibodies
US4941880A (en) 1987-06-19 1990-07-17 Bioject, Inc. Pre-filled ampule and non-invasive hypodermic injection device assembly
US4790824A (en) 1987-06-19 1988-12-13 Bioject, Inc. Non-invasive hypodermic injection device
GB8717430D0 (en) 1987-07-23 1987-08-26 Celltech Ltd Recombinant dna product
US5677425A (en) 1987-09-04 1997-10-14 Celltech Therapeutics Limited Recombinant antibody
GB8809129D0 (en) 1988-04-18 1988-05-18 Celltech Ltd Recombinant dna methods vectors and host cells
CA2006596C (en) 1988-12-22 2000-09-05 Rika Ishikawa Chemically-modified g-csf
US5530101A (en) 1988-12-28 1996-06-25 Protein Design Labs, Inc. Humanized immunoglobulins
DE3920358A1 (en) 1989-06-22 1991-01-17 Behringwerke Ag BISPECIFIC AND OLIGO-SPECIFIC, MONO- AND OLIGOVALENT ANTI-BODY CONSTRUCTS, THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE
US5064413A (en) 1989-11-09 1991-11-12 Bioject, Inc. Needleless hypodermic injection device
US5312335A (en) 1989-11-09 1994-05-17 Bioject Inc. Needleless hypodermic injection device
US5420245A (en) 1990-04-18 1995-05-30 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas Tetrapeptide-based inhibitors of farnesyl transferase
DE69233528T2 (en) 1991-11-25 2006-03-16 Enzon, Inc. Process for the preparation of multivalent antigen-binding proteins
US5932448A (en) 1991-11-29 1999-08-03 Protein Design Labs., Inc. Bispecific antibody heterodimers
US5714350A (en) 1992-03-09 1998-02-03 Protein Design Labs, Inc. Increasing antibody affinity by altering glycosylation in the immunoglobulin variable region
US6129914A (en) 1992-03-27 2000-10-10 Protein Design Labs, Inc. Bispecific antibody effective to treat B-cell lymphoma and cell line
EP0640094A1 (en) 1992-04-24 1995-03-01 The Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Recombinant production of immunoglobulin-like domains in prokaryotic cells
US5383851A (en) 1992-07-24 1995-01-24 Bioject Inc. Needleless hypodermic injection device
CA2111902A1 (en) 1992-12-21 1994-06-22 Jack Beuford Campbell Antitumor compositions and methods of treatment
WO1994019357A1 (en) 1993-02-23 1994-09-01 Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. Farnesyl:protein transferase inhibitors as anticancer agents
CA2118985A1 (en) 1993-04-02 1994-10-03 Dinesh V. Patel Heterocyclic inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase
JPH09500615A (en) 1993-05-14 1997-01-21 ジェネンテク，インコーポレイテッド Ras-farnesyl transferase inhibitor
US5602098A (en) 1993-05-18 1997-02-11 University Of Pittsburgh Inhibition of farnesyltransferase
EP0714409A1 (en) 1993-06-16 1996-06-05 Celltech Therapeutics Limited Antibodies
EP0670314A4 (en) 1993-09-22 1996-04-10 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Kk Farnesyltransferase inhibitor.
US5719148A (en) 1993-10-15 1998-02-17 Schering Corporation Tricyclic amide and urea compounds useful for inhibition of g-protein function and for treatment of proliferative diseases
AU698960B2 (en) 1993-10-15 1998-11-12 Schering Corporation Tricyclic sulfonamide compounds useful for inhibition of g-protein function and for treatment of proliferative diseases
US5661152A (en) 1993-10-15 1997-08-26 Schering Corporation Tricyclic sulfonamide compounds useful for inhibition of G-protein function and for treatment of proliferative diseases
US5721236A (en) 1993-10-15 1998-02-24 Schering Corporation Tricyclic carbamate compounds useful for inhibition of G-protein function and for treatment of proliferative diseases
NZ274749A (en) 1993-10-15 1998-05-27 Schering Corp Tricyclic carbamate derivatives useful for inhibition of g-protein function and for treating proliferative diseases, medicaments
IL111235A (en) 1993-10-15 2001-03-19 Schering Plough Corp Pharmaceutical compositions for inhibition of g-protein function and for treatment of proliferative diseases containing tricyclic compounds some such compounds and process for preparing part of them
WO1995011917A1 (en) 1993-10-25 1995-05-04 Parke, Davis & Company Substituted tetra- and pentapeptide inhibitors of protein:farnesyl transferase
ATE177420T1 (en) 1993-11-04 1999-03-15 Abbott Lab CYCLOBUTANE DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF SQUALENE SYNTHETASE AND PROTEIN FARNESYL TRANSFERASE
US5783593A (en) 1993-11-04 1998-07-21 Abbott Laboratories Inhibitors of squalene synthetase and protein farnesyltransferase
WO1995012612A1 (en) 1993-11-05 1995-05-11 Warner-Lambert Company Substituted di- and tripeptide inhibitors of protein:farnesyl transferase
US5484799A (en) 1993-12-09 1996-01-16 Abbott Laboratories Antifungal dorrigocin derivatives
WO1995024612A1 (en) 1994-03-07 1995-09-14 International Business Machines Corporation Fast process and device for interpolating intermediate values from periodic phase-shifted signals and for detecting rotary body defects
EP0750609A4 (en) 1994-03-15 1997-09-24 Eisai Co Ltd Isoprenyl transferase inhibitors
IL113196A0 (en) 1994-03-31 1995-06-29 Bristol Myers Squibb Co Imidazole derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same
US5523430A (en) 1994-04-14 1996-06-04 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Protein farnesyl transferase inhibitors
US5510510A (en) 1994-05-10 1996-04-23 Bristol-Meyers Squibb Company Inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase
US5563255A (en) 1994-05-31 1996-10-08 Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Antisense oligonucleotide modulation of raf gene expression
US5532210A (en) 1994-06-08 1996-07-02 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company High temperature superconductor dielectric slow wave structures for accelerators and traveling wave tubes
CA2192389A1 (en) 1994-06-10 1995-12-21 Bernard Baudoin Novel farnesyl transferase inhibitors, their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing same
US5571792A (en) 1994-06-30 1996-11-05 Warner-Lambert Company Histidine and homohistidine derivatives as inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase
WO1996005529A1 (en) 1994-08-09 1996-02-22 Micron Optics, Inc. Temperature compensated fiber fabry-perot filters
CA2155448A1 (en) 1994-08-11 1996-02-12 Katerina Leftheris Inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase
EP0776884B1 (en) 1994-08-11 2000-01-05 Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Substituted amide derivative
EP0805154A1 (en) 1994-08-12 1997-11-05 Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. N,n-disubstituted amic acid derivative
DE4429506B4 (en) 1994-08-19 2007-09-13 Degussa Gmbh Process for the extraction of natural carotenoid dyes
DE4429653C2 (en) 1994-08-20 1997-04-03 Anton Dr More Converter and method for refining molten metals, in particular from pig iron to steel
DE69507284T2 (en) 1994-11-22 1999-07-01 Philips Electronics Nv SEMICONDUCTORS WITH A CARRIER ON WHICH A SUBSTRATE WITH A SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT IS FASTENED BY MEANS OF AN ADHESIVE LAYER AND A PATTERN PATTERN
JPH10510261A (en) 1994-12-09 1998-10-06 ワーナー−ランバート・カンパニー Protein: substituted tetra- and pentapeptide inhibitors of farnesyltransferase
BR9606896A (en) 1995-01-09 1997-10-21 Magla Int Ltd Water resistant image printing on latex surfaces
JP3929069B2 (en) 1995-01-12 2007-06-13 ユニバーシティ オブ ピッツバーグ Inhibitors of prenyltransferase
FR2729390A1 (en) 1995-01-18 1996-07-19 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa NOVEL FARNESYL TRANSFERASE INHIBITORS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM
FR2730491B1 (en) 1995-02-09 1997-03-14 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa NOVEL FARNESYL TRANSFERASE INHIBITORS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM
FR2730492B1 (en) 1995-02-09 1997-03-14 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa NOVEL FARNESYL TRANSFERASE INHIBITORS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM
US5684013A (en) 1995-03-24 1997-11-04 Schering Corporation Tricyclic compounds useful for inhibition of g-protein function and for treatment of proliferative diseases
US5700806A (en) 1995-03-24 1997-12-23 Schering Corporation Tricyclic amide and urea compounds useful for inhibition of G-protein function and for treatment of proliferative diseases
IL117580A0 (en) 1995-03-29 1996-07-23 Merck & Co Inc Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
IL117798A (en) 1995-04-07 2001-11-25 Schering Plough Corp Tricyclic compounds useful for inhibition of g-protein function and for treatment of proliferative diseases and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them
US5712280A (en) 1995-04-07 1998-01-27 Schering Corporation Tricyclic compounds useful for inhibition of G-protein function and for treatment of proliferative diseases
US5891872A (en) 1995-04-07 1999-04-06 Schering Corporation Tricyclic compounds
EP0820452B1 (en) 1995-04-07 2003-06-04 Schering Corporation Carbonyl-piperazinyl and piperidinil compounds which inhibit farnesyl protein transferase
US5869046A (en) 1995-04-14 1999-02-09 Genentech, Inc. Altered polypeptides with increased half-life
US6121022A (en) 1995-04-14 2000-09-19 Genentech, Inc. Altered polypeptides with increased half-life
US5831115A (en) 1995-04-21 1998-11-03 Abbott Laboratories Inhibitors of squalene synthase and protein farnesyltransferase
IL118101A0 (en) 1995-05-03 1996-09-12 Abbott Lab Inhibitors of farnesyltransferase
WO1997000252A1 (en) 1995-06-16 1997-01-03 Warner-Lambert Company Tricyclic inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase
FR2736641B1 (en) 1995-07-10 1997-08-22 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa NOVEL FARNESYL TRANSFERASE INHIBITORS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM
AT402617B (en) 1995-07-11 1997-07-25 Datacon Schweitzer & Zeindl Gm SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED, HERMETIC SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED, HERMETIC LOCKING OF HOUSINGS LOCKING OF HOUSINGS
FR2736638B1 (en) 1995-07-12 1997-08-22 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa NOVEL FARNESYL TRANSFERASE INHIBITORS, THEIR PREPARATION AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM
CH690163A5 (en) 1995-07-28 2000-05-31 Symphar Sa Derivatives substituted gem-diphosphonates useful as anti-cancer.
EP0873123B1 (en) 1995-11-06 2003-04-09 University Of Pittsburgh Inhibitors of protein isoprenyl transferases
JP4183099B2 (en) 1995-11-17 2008-11-19 ゲゼルシャフト・フュア・ビオテヒノロジッシェ・フォルシュング・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング（ゲー・ベー・エフ） Epothilones C and D, production methods and compositions
EP0862435A4 (en) 1995-11-22 1999-02-03 Merck & Co Inc Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase
PT1162201E (en) 1995-12-08 2006-08-31 Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv (IMIDAZOL-5-IL) METHYL-2-KINOLINONE DERIVATIVES AS FARNESIL PROTEIN INHIBITORS TRANSFERASE
SK86198A3 (en) 1995-12-22 1999-02-11 Schering Corp Tricyclic amides useful for inhibition of g-protein function and for treatment of proliferative diseases
WO1997026246A1 (en) 1996-01-16 1997-07-24 Warner-Lambert Company Substituted histidine inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase
US6673927B2 (en) 1996-02-16 2004-01-06 Societe De Conseils De Recherches Et D'applications Scientifiques, S.A.S. Farnesyl transferase inhibitors
JP2001519766A (en) 1996-04-03 2001-10-23 メルク エンド カンパニー インコーポレーテッド Inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase
JP2000511527A (en) 1996-05-22 2000-09-05 ワーナー―ランバート・コンパニー Inhibition of protein farnesyltransferase
CA2260216A1 (en) 1996-07-15 1998-01-22 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Thiadioxobenzodiazepine inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase
AU756699B2 (en) 1996-12-03 2003-01-23 Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research Synthesis of epothilones, intermediates thereto, analogues and uses thereof
AU6013998A (en) 1996-12-30 1998-07-31 Merck & Co., Inc. Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase
AU5719598A (en) 1996-12-30 1998-07-31 Merck & Co., Inc. Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase
US6277375B1 (en) 1997-03-03 2001-08-21 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Immunoglobulin-like domains with increased half-lives
EP1724282B1 (en) 1997-05-21 2013-05-15 Merck Patent GmbH Method for the production of non-immunogenic proteins
US6194551B1 (en) 1998-04-02 2001-02-27 Genentech, Inc. Polypeptide variants
GB9818110D0 (en) 1998-08-19 1998-10-14 Weston Medical Ltd Needleless injectors and other devices
US6096002A (en) 1998-11-18 2000-08-01 Bioject, Inc. NGAS powered self-resetting needle-less hypodermic jet injection apparatus and method
CA2352572C (en) 1998-12-01 2010-04-20 Protein Design Labs, Inc. Humanized antibodies to gamma-interferon
JP2002536968A (en) 1999-01-29 2002-11-05 イムクローン システムズ インコーポレイティド Antibodies specific for KDR and uses thereof
GB9904387D0 (en) 1999-02-25 1999-04-21 Pharmacia & Upjohn Spa Antitumour synergistic composition
AU4972900A (en) 1999-04-08 2000-11-14 Arch Development Corporation Use of anti-vegf antibody to enhance radiation in cancer therapy
EP2264166B1 (en) 1999-04-09 2016-03-23 Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd. Method for controlling the activity of immunologically functional molecule
EP1048299A1 (en) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 Faculteit der Geneeskunde van de Vrije Universiteit Method for inhibiting cell functioning for use in anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour therapies
WO2001040307A1 (en) 1999-11-30 2001-06-07 Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Universitätsklinikum Antibodies against signal regulator proteins
EP2339013B1 (en) 2000-06-28 2014-07-02 GlycoFi, Inc. Methods for producing modified glycoproteins
US7449308B2 (en) 2000-06-28 2008-11-11 Glycofi, Inc. Combinatorial DNA library for producing modified N-glycans in lower eukaryotes
US6946292B2 (en) 2000-10-06 2005-09-20 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. Cells producing antibody compositions with increased antibody dependent cytotoxic activity
WO2002083138A1 (en) 2001-04-10 2002-10-24 Merck & Co., Inc. Inhibitors of akt activity
WO2002083675A2 (en) 2001-04-10 2002-10-24 Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited Inhibitors of akt activity
WO2002083140A1 (en) 2001-04-10 2002-10-24 Merck & Co., Inc. Inhibitors of akt activity
JP2004527531A (en) 2001-04-10 2004-09-09 メルク　エンド　カムパニー　インコーポレーテッド How to treat cancer
WO2002083139A1 (en) 2001-04-10 2002-10-24 Merck & Co., Inc. Inhibitors of akt activity
AU2002363429B2 (en) 2001-11-07 2008-05-08 Merck & Co., Inc. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
AU2002357043B2 (en) 2001-12-06 2008-04-24 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
ES2291543T3 (en) 2001-12-06 2008-03-01 MERCK &amp; CO., INC. INHIBITION OF MYTHICAL KINESINA.
EP1465896A4 (en) 2001-12-06 2006-01-11 Merck & Co Inc Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
EP1458726B1 (en) 2001-12-06 2009-07-15 Merck & Co., Inc. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
JP4467979B2 (en) 2001-12-06 2010-05-26 メルク・シャープ・エンド・ドーム・コーポレイション Mitotic kinesin inhibitor
AU2003249597B2 (en) 2002-03-08 2007-06-28 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
US20060142178A1 (en) 2002-04-08 2006-06-29 Barnett Stanley F Method of treating cancer
JP4451136B2 (en) 2002-04-08 2010-04-14 メルク エンド カムパニー インコーポレーテッド Akt activity inhibitor
WO2003086279A2 (en) 2002-04-08 2003-10-23 Merck & Co., Inc. Inhibitors of akt activity
US7223738B2 (en) 2002-04-08 2007-05-29 Merck & Co., Inc. Inhibitors of Akt activity
EP1494676B1 (en) 2002-04-08 2013-05-08 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Fused quinoxaline derivatives as inhibitors of akt activity
WO2003086310A2 (en) 2002-04-12 2003-10-23 Ramot At Tel Aviv University Ltd. Prevention of brain inflammation as a result of induced autoimmune response
AU2003299517A1 (en) 2002-05-23 2004-05-25 Merck & Co., Inc. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
WO2003099211A2 (en) 2002-05-23 2003-12-04 Merck & Co., Inc. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
CA2486215A1 (en) 2002-06-14 2003-12-24 Merck & Co., Inc. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
US7348440B2 (en) 2002-06-14 2008-03-25 Merck & Co., Inc. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
AU2003287057B2 (en) 2002-10-18 2008-08-21 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
DE60336576D1 (en) 2002-10-30 2011-05-12 Merck Sharp & Dohme HEMMER OF ACT ACTIVITY
US20040102360A1 (en) 2002-10-30 2004-05-27 Barnett Stanley F. Combination therapy
EP1585391A4 (en) 2002-12-06 2006-03-15 Pharmacia Corp Mitoneet polypeptide from mitochondrial membranes, modulators thereof, and methods of using the same
CA2508956A1 (en) 2002-12-20 2004-07-15 Merck & Co., Inc. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
US7622468B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2009-11-24 Merck & Co. Inc. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
EP1622616B1 (en) 2003-04-24 2011-06-15 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Inhibitors of akt activity
CA2522430A1 (en) 2003-04-24 2004-11-11 Merck & Co., Inc. Inhibitors of akt activity
EP1631548B1 (en) 2003-04-24 2009-10-28 Merck & Co., Inc. Inhibitors of akt activity
DE602004026047D1 (en) 2003-04-24 2010-04-29 Merck Sharp & Dohme HEMMER OF ACT ACTIVITY
US7410483B2 (en) 2003-05-23 2008-08-12 Novare Surgical Systems, Inc. Hand-actuated device for remote manipulation of a grasping tool
ATE426605T1 (en) 2003-06-12 2009-04-15 Merck & Co Inc INHIBITORS OF MITOTIC KINESIN
CA2475189C (en) 2003-07-17 2009-10-06 At&T Corp. Method and apparatus for window matching in delta compressors
US20050054048A1 (en) 2003-07-29 2005-03-10 Luigi Grasso Antibodies and methods for generating genetically altered antibodies with enhanced effector function
KR100536215B1 (en) 2003-08-05 2005-12-12 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Plasma display panel
US7307085B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2007-12-11 Merck & Co., Inc. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
PE20050730A1 (en) 2003-08-15 2005-09-20 Merck & Co Inc DERIVATIVES OF 2,5-DIHYDROPYRROL 2,2-DISUSTITUTED AS INHIBITORS OF MYTHOTIC KINESINS
CA2533889A1 (en) 2003-08-15 2005-03-03 Merck & Co., Inc. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
ES2319429T3 (en) 2003-08-15 2009-05-07 MERCK &amp; CO., INC. INHIBITORS OF MITOTIC CINESINE.
AU2004264533B2 (en) 2003-08-15 2009-01-22 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
US7294640B2 (en) 2004-02-06 2007-11-13 Merck & Co., Inc. Mitotic kinesin inhibitors
EP1729781B1 (en) 2004-03-15 2012-10-24 Karaolis, David K. R. A method for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation or increasing cancer cell apoptosis
EP1737843B1 (en) 2004-04-09 2011-02-23 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Inhibitors of akt activity
AU2005233569B2 (en) 2004-04-09 2010-08-19 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Inhibitors of Akt activity
ATE476993T1 (en) 2004-06-07 2010-08-15 Univ Ramot METHOD FOR PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST A DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY AMYLOID AGGREGATION OR DISEASE WITH A REDUCED RISK OF NEUR INFLAMMATION
CA2575663C (en) 2004-07-30 2013-04-23 Rinat Neuroscience Corp. Antibodies directed against amyloid-beta peptide and methods using same
EP1782826A1 (en) 2005-11-08 2007-05-09 GBF Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH PQS and c-diGMP and its conjugates as adjuvants and their uses in pharmaceutical compositions
ES2582340T3 (en) 2008-01-15 2016-09-12 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Methods for manipulating phagocytosis mediated by CD47
EP2111869A1 (en) 2008-04-23 2009-10-28 Stichting Sanquin Bloedvoorziening Compositions and methods to enhance the immune system
US8450293B2 (en) 2010-08-10 2013-05-28 Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey Synthesis and characterization of C8 analogs of c-di-GMP
WO2013056352A1 (en) 2011-10-19 2013-04-25 University Health Network Antibodies and antibody fragments targeting sirp-alpha and their use in treating hematologic cancers
EP2931738B1 (en) 2012-12-13 2019-02-06 Aduro Biotech, Inc. Compositions comprising cyclic purine dinucleotides having defined stereochemistries and methods for their preparation and use
WO2014173886A1 (en) 2013-04-22 2014-10-30 Glycotope Gmbh Anti-cancer treatments with anti-egfr antibodies having a low fucosylation
SG11201508165VA (en) 2013-04-29 2015-11-27 Sloan Kettering Inst Cancer Compositions and methods for altering second messenger signaling
EP2992000B1 (en) 2013-05-03 2020-07-08 The Regents of The University of California Cyclic di-nucleotide induction of type i interferon
MY175308A (en) 2013-05-18 2020-06-18 Aduro Biotech Inc Compositions and methods for activating "stimulator of interferon gene"-dependent signalling
EP3116544A4 (en) 2014-03-11 2017-08-23 The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Anti sirp-alpha antibodies and bi-specific macrophage enhancing antibodies
ES2843546T3 (en) 2014-04-18 2021-07-19 The Research Foundation Of The State Univ Of New York Humanized anti-TF-antigen antibodies
ES2692226T3 (en) 2014-06-04 2018-11-30 Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property Development Limited Cyclic dinucleotides as STING modulators
US10011630B2 (en) 2014-12-16 2018-07-03 Invivogen Cyclic dinucleotides for cytokine induction
GB201501462D0 (en) 2015-01-29 2015-03-18 Glaxosmithkline Ip Dev Ltd Novel compounds
TN2017000375A1 (en) 2015-03-10 2019-01-16 Aduro Biotech Inc Compositions and methods for activating "stimulator of interferon gene" -dependent signalling
WO2017011444A1 (en) 2015-07-13 2017-01-19 The Wistar Institute Of Anatomy And Biology Methods and compositions for treating b cell cancers
WO2017027646A1 (en) 2015-08-13 2017-02-16 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Cyclic di-nucleotide compounds as sting agonists
MY194058A (en) 2016-01-11 2022-11-10 Innate Tumor Immunity Inc Cyclic dinucleotides for treating conditions associated with sting activity such as cancer
US10723756B2 (en) 2016-01-11 2020-07-28 Innate Tumor Immunity Inc. Cyclic dinucleotides for treating conditions associated with STING activity such as cancer
US10981901B1 (en) 2016-04-07 2021-04-20 Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property Development Limited Heterocyclic amides useful as protein modulators
AU2017247806B2 (en) 2016-04-07 2019-11-14 Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property Development Limited Heterocyclic amides useful as protein modulators
US20190153095A1 (en) 2016-07-05 2019-05-23 National University Corporation Kobe University Antitumor Agent
CN109843302B (en) 2016-07-06 2022-11-29 F-星治疗公司 Compounds, compositions and methods for treating diseases
CN106200187B (en) 2016-07-07 2019-04-09 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Tunable optical glass, controllable shading device, method and vehicle
WO2018013887A1 (en) 2016-07-15 2018-01-18 Sperovie Biosciences, Inc. Compounds, compositions, and methods for the treatment of disease
CA3030830A1 (en) 2016-07-15 2018-01-18 Sperovie Biosciences, Inc. Compounds, compositions, and methods for the treatment of disease
EP3493845A4 (en) 2016-08-03 2020-04-15 The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Disrupting fc receptor engagement on macrophages enhances efficacy of anti-sirpalpha antibody therapy
US20190345191A1 (en) 2016-08-31 2019-11-14 Innate Tumor Immunity, Inc. Cyclic dinucleotide analogs for treating conditions associated with sting (stimulator of interferon genes) activity
US10537590B2 (en) 2016-09-30 2020-01-21 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Cyclic dinucleotide compounds
CN110036001B (en) 2016-10-04 2022-03-22 默沙东公司 Benzo [ b ] thiophene compounds as STING agonists
EP3551661A1 (en) 2016-12-09 2019-10-16 Alector LLC Anti-sirp-alpha antibodies and methods of use thereof
EA201891882A1 (en) 2017-02-17 2019-07-31 Осе Иммьюнотерапьютикс NEW ANTIBODIES TO SIRPa AND OPTIONS OF THEIR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION
CA3063622A1 (en) 2017-05-16 2018-11-22 Synthon Biopharmaceuticals B.V. Anti-sirp.alpha. antibodies
AU2018308364C1 (en) 2017-07-26 2023-02-16 Forty Seven, Inc. Anti-SIRP-alpha antibodies and related methods

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9334331B2 (en) * 2010-11-17 2016-05-10 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Bispecific antibodies
US10421807B2 (en) * 2011-07-21 2019-09-24 Zoetis Services Llc Interleukin-31 monoclonal antibody
US20180105600A1 (en) * 2016-09-21 2018-04-19 Alexo Therapeutics Inc. Antibodies against signal-regulatory protein alpha and methods of use
US10851164B2 (en) * 2017-04-13 2020-12-01 Aduro Biotech Holdings, Europe B.V. Anti-SIRPα antibodies
US20220135677A1 (en) * 2017-04-13 2022-05-05 Sairopa B.V. Anti-sirp alpha antibodies
US20210388107A1 (en) * 2018-11-15 2021-12-16 Byondis B.V. Humanized anti-sirp alpha antibodies
US20230106247A1 (en) * 2020-03-20 2023-04-06 L&L Biopharma Co., Ltd. Sirpalpha-targeting antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, and preparation and application thereof
US11572412B2 (en) * 2021-06-04 2023-02-07 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Anti-SIRP-alpha antibodies

Non-Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Altshuler et al., "Generation of Recombinant Antibodies and Means for Increasing Their Affinity," Biochemistry (Moscow), 75(13):1584-1605 (2010) *
Edwards et al. (2003, JMB 334:103-118) *
George et al (Circulation 97:900-906 (1998)) *
Goel et al. (2004, J. Immunol. 173: 7358-7367) *
Khan et al. (2014, J. Immunol. 192: 5398-5405) *
Lippow et al., "Computational design of antibody-affinity improvement beyond in vivo maturation," Nature Biotechnology, 25(10):1171-1176 (2007) *
Lloyd et al. (2009, Protein Engineering, Eng. Design & Selection 22(3): 159-168) *
Lo et al., "Conformational epitope matching and prediction based on protein surface spiral features," BMC Genomics volume 22, Article number: 116 (2021) *
Marks et al., "How repertoire data are changing antibody science," J. Biol. Chem. 295(29) 9823-9837 (2020) *
Poosarla et al. (2017, Biotechn. Bioeng. 114(6): 1331 -1342) *
Sulea et al., "Application of Assisted Design of Antibody and Protein Therapeutics (ADAPT) improves efficacy of a Clostridium difficile toxin A single-domain antibody," Scientific Reports, 8(260):1-11 (2018) *
Vajda et al., "Progress toward improved understanding of antibody maturation," Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 67 pp. 226-231 (2021) *
Voets et al (Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, (November 2018) Vol. 6, Supp. Supplement 1. Abstract Number: P517. Meeting Info: 33rd Annual Meeting and Pre-Conference Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, SITC 2018. Washington, DC, United) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA3058134A1 (en) 2018-10-18
JP7160833B2 (en) 2022-10-25
IL269405A (en) 2019-11-28
SG11201908813QA (en) 2019-10-30
WO2018190719A2 (en) 2018-10-18
JP2022191386A (en) 2022-12-27
WO2018190719A3 (en) 2019-10-31
EP3609922A2 (en) 2020-02-19
CN110650976A (en) 2020-01-03
US10851164B2 (en) 2020-12-01
US20180312587A1 (en) 2018-11-01
MX2019012233A (en) 2020-01-14
JP2020516300A (en) 2020-06-11
AU2018252546A1 (en) 2019-10-10
US20220135677A1 (en) 2022-05-05
KR20190140454A (en) 2019-12-19
TW201841943A (en) 2018-12-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20220135677A1 (en) Anti-sirp alpha antibodies
US20210363256A1 (en) Anti-pd-1/lag3 bispecific antibodies
JP7002588B2 (en) Anti-CD27 antibody
US20210032342A1 (en) Anti-pd-1 antibodies
US20220251194A1 (en) Anti-pd-1/lag3/tigit trispecific antibodies and anti-pd-1/lag3 bicpecific antibodies
NL2018708B1 (en) ANTI-SIRPα ANTIBODIES
CN110650976B (en) Anti-SIRP alpha antibodies
US20230192876A1 (en) Dosing regimen of anti-cd27 antibodies for treatment of cancer
EA043743B1 (en) AN ANTIBODY OR ANTIGENE-BINDING FRAGMENT THAT BINDS TO HUMAN SIRPα

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: SAIROPA B.V., NETHERLANDS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ADURO BIOTECH HOLDINGS, EUROPE B.V.;REEL/FRAME:058082/0169

Effective date: 20211022

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION