US20210361690A1 - Pharmaceutical composition comprising adenosine derivative for prevention and treatment of retinal disease or optic nerve disease - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical composition comprising adenosine derivative for prevention and treatment of retinal disease or optic nerve disease Download PDF

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US20210361690A1
US20210361690A1 US16/767,489 US201816767489A US2021361690A1 US 20210361690 A1 US20210361690 A1 US 20210361690A1 US 201816767489 A US201816767489 A US 201816767489A US 2021361690 A1 US2021361690 A1 US 2021361690A1
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pharmaceutical composition
preventing
chemical formula
disease
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Jae Wook YANG
Jee Young Kim
Hyuk Woo Lee
Chong-Woo PARK
Mi Ra YU
Ji Youn Lee
Bo Mi PARK
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Future Medicine Co Ltd
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    • A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
    • A61K31/7076—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating retinal disease or optic nerve disease comprising an adenosine derivative.
  • Adenosine is a substance that performs many physiological functions through a receptor on a special cell membrane and adenosine that exists outside the cell acts as a neurotransmitter in many physiological systems, and generally it compensates for the hyperactivity of a given organ and acts to protect against the harmful effects of stress (Jacobson, K A et al., J. Med. Chem., 35, 407-422, 1992). This action is due to a partially generated negative feedback loop, which attempts to reduce the energy demands of the cells by adenosine produced by the breakdown of intracellular or extracellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and increase the supply of oxygen.
  • Adenosine is important for maintaining homeostasis of essential organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys and for example, the administration of adenosine agonists from the outside to the brain has been shown to have neuroprotective effects and it is also known to be involved in pain, cognition, exercise or sleep.
  • Adenosine receptors have been classified into P1 and P2 receptors, respectively, through pharmacological studies and molecular cloning to date. Adenosine acts as a substrate for the P1 receptor, and ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP act as a substrate for the P2 receptor, thereby expressing physiological activity. Among them, four different subtypes of adenosine receptors were identified as P1 receptors, which are classified as A 1 , A 2 or A 3 according to affinity for ligands, distribution in the body, route of action and the like, and again A 2 is classified as A 2A and A 2B .
  • adenosine receptors are a class of the G-protein-coupled receptor group, and adenosine A 1 , A 2A and A 2B receptors have been pharmacologically identified using many selective ligands, but the adenosine A 3 receptor was first discovered in 1992 (Zhou, Q. Y, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 89, 7432-7436, 1992) and much research has been performed to confirm the pathophysiological function of this receptor.
  • Adenosine A 1 and A 2 receptor agonists are mainly derivatives of adenosine, which have been actively studied as antihypertensive agents, antipsychotics, arrhythmia drugs, fat metabolism inhibitors (diabetes drugs) and brain protectors, and their antagonists are xanthine derivatives or a fused bicyclic ring, and is being developed as an asthma therapeutic agent, antidepressant, arrhythmia therapeutic agent, kidney protectant, Parkinson's disease therapeutic agent and intelligence development agent, etc.
  • adenosine itself, which is used for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia, and dipyridamole, an adenosine transport inhibitor that is used as an adjuvant for warfarin to prevent blood clotting after heart surgery.
  • the reason why such commercialization is not smooth is that because adenosine receptors are spread all over the body, it is due to various pharmacological actions accompanied by the activation of the receptors, and that is, there is no compound capable of activating only the adenosine receptors of a desired tissue.
  • the adenosine A 3 receptor is the most recently discovered receptor unlike the well-known adenosine A 1 and A 2 receptors, and its role is not well known and many studies are ongoing to develop selective receptor modulators.
  • adenosine A 3 receptor three radiolabeled ligands are used, which are [ 125 I]ABA(N 6 -(4-amino-3-[ 125 I]iodobenzyl)-adenosine, N 6 -(4-amino-3-[ 125 I]iodobenzyl)-adenosine), [ 125 I]APNEA(N 6 -2-(4-amino-3-[ 125 I]iodophenyl)-ethyladenosine, N 6 -2-(4-amino-3-[ 125 I]iodophenyl)-ethyladenosine) or [ 125 I]AB-MECA((N 6 -(4-amino-3-[ 125 I]iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5′-N-methylcarboxamide, N 6 -(4-amino-3-[ 125 I]iod
  • the A 3 receptor has an inhibitory action of adenylyl cyclase, an enzyme that produces cAMP from ATP, and when the A 3 receptor is activated by an agonist, GTP-dependent phospholipase (Guanosine triphosphate-dependent phospholipase C), an enzyme that breaks down phosphatidyl inositol in the brain to produce inositol phosphate and DAG, was activated (Ramkumar, V. et al., J. Biol.
  • adenosine A 3 receptor antagonists have potential for development as anti-inflammatory and asthma therapeutic agents, it is possible to develop new therapeutic drugs for various diseases such as asthma, inflammation, brain ischemia, heart disease and cancer, if compounds with pharmacological selectivity can be developed.
  • a representative human adenosine A 3 receptor agonist is nucleoside family, N 6 -(3-iodobenzyl)-5′-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-adenosine (IB-MECA) and N 6 -(3-iodobenzyl)-2-chloro-5′-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-adenosine (Cl—IB-MECA), which is a substance having high affinity and selectivity for the A 3 receptor compared to the adenosine A 1 and A 2 receptors.
  • adenosine A 3 receptor antagonists which exhibit high affinity and selectivity are mostly nonpurine-based bicyclic ring compounds, not nucleoside backbones, and because they exhibit high activity in human receptors, but they have little or no activity against the A 3 receptor in rats, it is not possible to test animals that are essential for the development of drugs that can be clinically applied (Baraldi, P G et al., Curr. Med. Chem., 12, 1319-1329, 2005).
  • the nucleoside-based compound exhibits high affinity and selectivity regardless of species, so it is considered to have a great advantage in animal experiments, so the potential for development as a new drug is very high. Therefore, it is an urgent task to derive a selective adenosine A 3 receptor antagonist from this type.
  • the retina is a transparent and thin film located on the innermost part of the eye ball wall and in contact with the vitreous body in the eye ball. It converts the optical information of an object into an electrical signal and serves as the primary visual information organ that delivers images through the visual nerve to the central visual area of the brain.
  • the retina consists of more than 100 million light-sensing cells (light-sensitive photoreceptor cells), more than 1 million visual nerve cells, ganglion cells, and numerous nerve cells that act as a wire for connecting them, and thus it is the most sophisticated tissue in our body.
  • the macula lutea the central part of the retina that distinguishes color and objects and represents vision, consists of a light-sensitive photoreceptor cells layer composed of conical cells and a ganglion cells layer, which makes the retina thin and converts from the electrical signal of the image into chemical signal in bright light and transmits to the brain through the axon of the ganglion cells, the optic nerve, and the retina other than the macula lutea recognizes the periphery and plays a major role in the dark.
  • an abnormality occurs in the retina due to aging or external factors, it gradually leads to blindness with visual impairment that causes problems with visual acuity and visual filed.
  • Retinal disease is occurred by abnormalities in the retina peripheral tissue and retinal detachment and It is classified into three types of retinal detachment in which the retina is detached into the back of the eye ball to cause visual impairment; peripheral retinal degeneration causing abnormalities in retina peripheral tissue; and macular degeneration causing abnormalities in the macula lutea.
  • the retina Once the retina is separated from the pigment epithelial layer, it is unable to receive optical information regarding the image, and it is also unable to supply nutrients from the choroid and thus nerve cells cannot function and if this condition is left unattended, permanent retinal atrophy occurs, leading to blindness.
  • the main cause of blindness is a retinal disease which is mainly caused by aging and also can be caused by genetic or excessive myopia, trauma, etc.
  • Retinal disease is not a fatal disease that leads to death, but the onset has increased rapidly in recent years due to industrialization and dietary changes along with the increase in the elderly population and thus it is necessary to develop a composition for the treatment of retinal diseases that can be supplied in the form of crude drugs that have been conventionally ingested and are not a therapeutic agent synthesized artificially besides the surgical method.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition, an oral administration agent or eye drops which can effectively prevent or treat retinal diseases.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition, an oral administration agent or eye drops which can effectively prevent or treat optic nerve diseases.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating retinal disease comprising a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
  • the present invention provides an oral administration agent for preventing or treating retinal disease comprising a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
  • the present invention provides an eye drop for preventing or treating retinal disease comprising a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating optic nerve disease comprising a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
  • the present invention provides an oral administration agent for preventing or treating optic nerve disease comprising a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
  • the present invention provides an eye drop for preventing or treating optic nerve disease comprising a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient:
  • A is O or S
  • R is a) straight or branched C 1 to C 5 alkyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more C 6 to C 10 aryl, b) benzyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more fluoro, chloro, bromo or straight or branched C 1 to C 4 alkoxy or c) benzyl substituted with hydroxycarbonyl; and Y is H or a halogen element.
  • the present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating retinal disease or optic nerve disease comprising a specific adenosine derivative as an active ingredient.
  • the adenosine derivative can suppress the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of inflammation-related proteins, VEGF and inflammatory cytokines in photoreceptor cells derived from the mouse retina, and can inhibit apoptosis induced by glutamic acid, and eye drops prepared by comprising the same have shown an effect of effectively protecting retinal ganglion cells in experiments with mice. Therefore, the present invention can effectively prevent or treat retinal disease or optic nerve disease.
  • FIG. 1 shows a result of confirming a change in the protein expression related to angiogenesis and inflammatory response when Compound A is treated in an example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a result of confirming a change in the expression of VEGF and inflammatory cytokines when Compound A is treated in the Example of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a result of confirming a change in the expression of mRNA related to angiogenesis and inflammatory response when Compound A is treated in the Example of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a result of confirming the cytotoxicity of the photoreceptor cells derived from the mouse retina when Compound A is treated in another example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a result of observing the effect of inhibiting the cell death of Compound A in the Example of FIG. 4 by a microscope through TUNEL assay and DAPI staining.
  • FIG. 7 shows a result of confirming the mitochondrial protective effect of Compound A in the Example of FIG. 4 ((a) JC-1 aggregate, (b) distribution of normal group cells, (c) distribution of experimental group cells treated only with glutamic acid, (d) distribution of experimental group cells treated with glutamic acid after pretreatment with Compound A, (e) distribution of control group cells treated with CCCP only).
  • FIG. 8 shows a result of confirming the effect of inhibiting the caspase activity of Compound A in the Example of FIG. 4 ((a) activity of caspase 3/7, (b) activity of caspase 8).
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show results of confirming the expression change of the protein related to cell death by Compound A in the Example of FIG. 4
  • FIG. 9 (a) protein expression change; (b) AIF protein expression change in the cell nucleus; (c) cytochrome c protein expression change in the cytoplasm; (d) mitochondrial AIF protein expression change; and (e) mitochondrial cytochrome c protein expression change;
  • FIG. 10 a (a) protein expression change, (b) RIP protein expression change, (c) RIP3 protein expression change;
  • FIG. 10 b (d) pBcl2 protein expression change; (e) Bcl2 protein expression change; (f) pBad protein expression change; (g) Bad protein expression change;
  • FIG. 10 c (h) BID protein expression changes; (i) caspase 8 protein expression changes; (j) cleaved caspase 9 protein expression changes; and (k) cleaved caspase 3 protein expression changes).
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing a result of measuring the number of retinal ganglion cells in the eyeball of a mouse according to another example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a photograph observing histological changes of the mouse retina according to the Embodiment of FIG. 11 .
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating retinal disease comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient:
  • A is O or S
  • R is a) straight or branched C 1 to C 5 alkyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more C 6 to C 10 aryl, b) benzyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more fluoro, chloro, bromo or straight or branched C 1 to C 4 alkoxy, or c) benzyl substituted with hydroxycarbonyl; and Y is H or a halogen element.
  • the retinal disease may be diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular disease, but it is not limited thereto.
  • A may be O or S
  • R may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, naphthylmethyl, benzyl, benzyl substituted independently or optionally with 1 or 2 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo or C 1 to C 3 alkoxy or toluic acid
  • Y may be H or Cl.
  • A is O or S
  • R is methyl, ethyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, benzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl, 3-bromobenzyl, 2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzyl, 2-methoxybenzyl or 3-toluic acid
  • Y is H or Cl.
  • Preferred examples of the adenosine derivative represented by Chemical Formula 1 according to the present invention are as follows:
  • the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1 may be a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2:
  • the present invention provides an oral administration agent for preventing or treating retinal disease comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient:
  • A is O or S
  • R is a) straight or branched C 1 to C 5 alkyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more C 6 to C 10 aryl, b) benzyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more fluoro, chloro, bromo or straight or branched C 1 to C 4 alkoxy, or c) benzyl substituted with hydroxycarbonyl; and Y is H or a halogen element.
  • the retinal disease may be diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular disease, but it is not limited thereto.
  • A may be O or S
  • R may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, naphthylmethyl, benzyl, benzyl substituted independently or optionally with 1 or 2 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo or C 1 to C 3 alkoxy or toluic acid
  • Y may be H or Cl.
  • A is O or S
  • R is methyl, ethyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, benzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl, 3-bromobenzyl, 2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzyl, 2-methoxybenzyl or 3-toluic acid
  • Y is H or Cl.
  • the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1 may be a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2:
  • an eye drop for preventing or treating retinal disease comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient:
  • A is O or S
  • R is a) straight or branched C 1 to C 5 alkyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more C 6 to C 10 aryl, b) benzyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more fluoro, chloro, bromo or straight or branched C 1 to C 4 alkoxy, or c) benzyl substituted with hydroxycarbonyl; and Y is H or a halogen element.
  • the retinal disease may be diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular disease, but it is not limited thereto.
  • A may be O or S
  • R may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, naphthylmethyl, benzyl, benzyl substituted independently or optionally with 1 or 2 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo or C 1 to C 3 alkoxy or toluic acid
  • Y may be H or Cl.
  • A is O or S
  • R is methyl, ethyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, benzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl, 3-bromobenzyl, 2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzyl, 2-methoxybenzyl or 3-toluic acid
  • Y is H or Cl.
  • the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1 may be a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2:
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating optic nerve disease comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient:
  • A is O or S
  • R is a) straight or branched C 1 to C 5 alkyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more C 6 to C 10 aryl, b) benzyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more fluoro, chloro, bromo or straight or branched C 1 to C 4 alkoxy, or c) benzyl substituted with hydroxycarbonyl; and Y is H or a halogen element.
  • the retinal disease may be diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular disease, but it is not limited thereto.
  • A may be O or S
  • R may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, naphthylmethyl, benzyl, benzyl substituted independently or optionally with 1 or 2 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo or C 1 to C 3 alkoxy or toluic acid
  • Y may be H or Cl.
  • A is O or S
  • R is methyl, ethyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, benzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl, 3-bromobenzyl, 2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzyl, 2-methoxybenzyl or 3-toluic acid
  • Y is H or Cl.
  • the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1 may be a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2:
  • the adenosine derivative represented by the above Chemical Formula 1 according to the present invention can be used in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
  • the salt acid addition salts formed by various pharmaceutically acceptable organic or inorganic acids are useful.
  • Suitable organic acids include, for example, carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, sulfonic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, maleic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phthalic acid, phenylacetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, methylsulfuric acid, ethylsulfuric acid, dodecylsulfuric acid, etc.
  • Suitable inorganic acids include, for example, halogen acids
  • the adenosine derivative represented by the above Chemical Formula 1 according to the present invention may include all salts, hydrates and solvates that can be prepared by conventional methods, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
  • the pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating retinal disease or optic nerve disease may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent in addition to the above-mentioned active ingredients for administration.
  • the carrier, excipients and diluents include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, starch, acacia rubber, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, cellulose, methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water, methylhydroxybenzoate, propylhydroxybenzoate, talc, magnesium stearate and mineral oil.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be formulated and used in the form of oral formulations such as powders, granules, tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, aerosols, etc., external preparations, suppositories or sterile injectable solutions according to a conventional method.
  • oral formulations such as powders, granules, tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, aerosols, etc., external preparations, suppositories or sterile injectable solutions according to a conventional method.
  • oral formulations such as powders, granules, tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, aerosols, etc.
  • external preparations such as powders, granules, tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, aerosols, etc.
  • diluents or excipients such as fillers, weighting agents, binders, wetting agents, disintegrating agents
  • Such a solid preparation may be prepared by mixing at least one excipient such as starch, calcium carbonate, sucrose, lactose, gelatin and the like in addition to a compound represented by the above Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • excipients such as starch, calcium carbonate, sucrose, lactose, gelatin and the like
  • lubricants such as magnesium stearate and talc are also used.
  • liquid formulations for oral administration include suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups and the like, and various excipients such as wetting agents, sweeteners, fragrances, preservatives and the like may be included in addition to water and liquid paraffin.
  • Formulations for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions, freeze-dried preparations and suppositories.
  • examples of the non-aqueous solution and the suspension include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oil such as olive oil, injectable ester such as ethyl oleate, and the like.
  • As the base of the suppository witepsol, macrogol, tween 61, cacao butter, laurinum, glycerogelatin and the like can be used.
  • the suitable dosage of the composition of the present invention depends on the patient's condition and body weight, the degree of disease, drug form and time, but it can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention provides an oral administration agent for preventing or treating optic nerve disease comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient:
  • A is O or S
  • R is a) straight or branched C 1 to C 5 alkyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more C 6 to C 10 aryl, b) benzyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more fluoro, chloro, bromo or straight or branched C 1 to C 4 alkoxy, or c) benzyl substituted with hydroxycarbonyl; and Y is H or a halogen element.
  • the optic nerve disease may be selected from the group consisting of ischemic optic neuropathy, traumatic optic neuropathy and compressive optic neuropathy, but it is not limited thereto.
  • A may be O or S
  • R may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, naphthylmethyl, benzyl, benzyl substituted independently or optionally with 1 or 2 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo or C 1 to C 3 alkoxy or toluic acid
  • Y may be H or Cl.
  • A is O or S
  • R is methyl, ethyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, benzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl, 3-bromobenzyl, 2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzyl, 2-methoxybenzyl or 3-toluic acid
  • Y is H or Cl.
  • the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1 may be a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2:
  • the oral administration agent for preventing or treating retinal disease or optic nerve disease may be formulated as a solid preparation or a liquid preparation of a compound represented by the above Chemical Formula 1 and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the solid preparation may be tablets, pills, powders, granules, capsules, etc. and the liquid preparation may be suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups, etc., but they are not limited thereto.
  • the oral administration agent for preventing or treating retinal disease or optic nerve disease may further include an excipient, that is at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl cellulose (MC), sucrose, lactose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), magnesium stearate, calcium carbonate, gelatin, talc, distilled water (DW), liquid paraffin, etc., preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl cellulose (MC), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and distilled water, and more preferably, 0.5 wt % of methyl cellulose.
  • an excipient that is at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl cellulose (MC), sucrose, lactose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), magnesium stearate, calcium carbonate, gelatin, talc, distilled water (DW), liquid paraffin, etc., preferably at least one selected from the group consisting
  • the compound represented by the above Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be filled in a capsule as a powder form or a solution form dissolved in the above-described excipient, but is not limited thereto.
  • the present invention provides an eye drop for preventing or treating optic nerve disease comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient:
  • A is O or S
  • R is a) straight or branched C 1 to C 5 alkyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more C 6 to C 10 aryl, b) benzyl unsubstituted, or independently or optionally substituted with 1 or 2 or more fluoro, chloro, bromo or straight or branched C 1 to C 4 alkoxy, or c) benzyl substituted with hydroxycarbonyl; and Y is H or a halogen element.
  • the optic nerve disease may be selected from the group consisting of ischemic optic neuropathy, traumatic optic neuropathy and compressive optic neuropathy, but it is not limited thereto.
  • A may be O or S
  • R may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, naphthylmethyl, benzyl, benzyl substituted independently or optionally with 1 or 2 or more substituents selected from the group consisting of fluoro, chloro, bromo or C 1 to C 3 alkoxy or toluic acid
  • Y may be H or Cl.
  • A is O or S
  • R is methyl, ethyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, benzyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl, 3-bromobenzyl, 2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzyl, 2-methoxybenzyl or 3-toluic acid
  • Y is H or Cl.
  • the compound represented by the Chemical Formula 1 may be a compound represented by Chemical Formula 2:
  • the eye drop for preventing or treating retinal disease or optic nerve disease may include the compound represented by the above Chemical Formula 1 and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and eye drop thereof.
  • the eye drop may include one or more selected from the group consisting of a solubilizer, a viscosity enhancer, an antioxidant, a preservative and a buffer solution.
  • the eye drop may be a buffer solution of pH 6.8 in which Cremophor EL, glycerin, citric acid and methylparaben are dissolved or mixed, but it is not limited thereto.
  • Adenosine derivatives were synthesized according to the method disclosed in Korean Patent No. 10-1396092.
  • the synthesized adenosine derivative is as follows:
  • Compound A (2R,3R,4S)-2-(2-chloro-6-(3-chlorobenzylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-3,4-diol
  • a buffer solution of pH 6.8 in which cremophor EL, glycerin, citric acid and methylparaben were dissolved, and eye drops were prepared to be included at concentrations of 250 ⁇ M and 500 ⁇ M and 750 ⁇ M of the compound, respectively.
  • Compound A to be used as a test material was prepared by dissolving in DMSO. The prepared solution was stored at ⁇ 20° C. until use. Treatment of the test material was treated after diluting to 1:1000 (v/v) in a serum-free cell culture medium. The control group was treated after diluting to 1:1000 (v/v) in DMSO.
  • RNA expression levels were analyzed by expressing as relative values using ImageJ software.
  • Measured values of each experimental group were analyzed statistically through Microsoft's Excel (2007).
  • the outliers of the result values of each experimental group were determined by obtaining the quartiles, and the analysis of variance by one-way design of experiment of each data was performed and the results were expressed as the mean and standard deviation.
  • the effectiveness was analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 or less through F-test and t-test (equal variance and heteroscedasticity).
  • HMGB-1 high mobility group box 1
  • FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 b After treatment with adenosine derivatives Compound A and HMGB-1, the results of analyzing protein expression changes of angiogenic response factors such as VEGF, VEGF receptor 1, VEGF receptor 2, angiopoietin1 and angiopoietin2 enzymes and inflammatory response factors such as COX2, MMP2, MMP9, ICAM1 and VCAM1 enzymes were shown in FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 b.
  • angiogenic response factors such as VEGF, VEGF receptor 1, VEGF receptor 2, angiopoietin1 and angiopoietin2 enzymes and inflammatory response factors such as COX2, MMP2, MMP9, ICAM1 and VCAM1 enzymes
  • FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 a show that the expression of VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and ANG2, which are angiogenesis-related factors, is significantly increased by HMGB-1 (5 ⁇ g/mL), and it is shown that protein expression of angiogenesis-related factors increased in a concentration-dependent manner is decreased by treatment with Compound A.
  • the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2, COX2 and MMP2 proteins was significantly reduced at concentrations of at least 0.5 ⁇ M of Compound A and expression of VEGFR1, ANG2 and MMP9 was significantly decreased at concentrations of at least 0.1 ⁇ M.
  • ANG1 protein expression was significantly increased at 2 ⁇ M concentration and ICAM1 and VCAM1 protein expression was significantly decreased at 2 ⁇ M concentration.
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • Compound A a quantitative analysis through the ELISA analysis method to confirm the efficacy of Compound A in angiogenesis-related response and inflammatory response of mouse retinal photoreceptor cells by HMGB-1
  • the amount of VEGF increased by HMGB-1 was significantly decreased by Compound A of 0.1 ⁇ M or more.
  • the amount of inflammatory cytokines (TNF ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ and IL-6) in cells was increased by HMGB-1, but TNF ⁇ was significantly reduced by treatment with Compound A at concentrations of 0.1 ⁇ M or higher and IL-1 ⁇ and IL-6 was significantly reduced by treatment with Compound A at concentrations of 1 ⁇ M or higher.
  • VEGF and VEGFR1 showed a significant decrease when Compound A was treated at a concentration of 0.1 ⁇ M or more, and the expression of VEGFR2 was significantly decreased at concentrations of 0.5 ⁇ M or more.
  • the mRNA expression of TNF ⁇ , IL-6, COX2, MMP2, MMP9, ICAM1 and VCAM1, which are factors related to the inflammatory response was also significantly increased by HMGB-1 in the control group but decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by treatment with Compound A.
  • the expression of COX2 and IL-6 was significantly inhibited by treatment with Compound A of 0.1 ⁇ M or more and the expression of TNF ⁇ and MMP9 was significantly reduced at concentrations of 0.5 ⁇ M or more.
  • the expression of MMP2, ICAM1 and VCAM1 was significantly reduced by treatment with Compound A at 1 ⁇ M or more.
  • Compound A to be used as a test material was prepared by dissolving in DMSO. The prepared solution was stored at ⁇ 20° C. until use. In addition, 10 mg of CCCP was dissolved in 1 mL of DMSO to prepare a 50 mM CCCP solution. The prepared solution was stored at ⁇ 20° C. until use. Treatment of the test material was performed after diluting with a serum-free cell culture medium in 1:1000 (v/v). The control group was treated after diluting with DMSO in 1:1000 v/v).
  • Quantitative analysis of apoptosis cells was analyzed by DeadEndTM Fluorometric TUNEL System.
  • Cells were pretreated with 1 ⁇ M of Compound A for 1 hour and then cultured for 8 hours in a medium containing 5 mM glutamic acid. Cells were washed twice with PBS and fixed with 10% formalin for 15 minutes. Fixed cells were exposed to 0.1% Triton X-100 for 10 minutes. After the cells were reacted with dUTP containing fluorescence, the cut DNA portion was stained and then fixed on a slide with a mounting solution containing DAPI. The stained cells were observed through a fluorescence microscope.
  • the activity of intracellular caspase 3/7 was analyzed by Caspase-Glo 3/7 assay system.
  • Cells were pretreated with 1 ⁇ M of Compound A for 1 hour and then cultured for 24 hours in a medium containing 5 mM glutamic acid. After adding the kit solution in the same amount as the cell culture medium and reacting for 1 hour, the relative activity was analyzed by measuring the amount of generated luminescence through a microplate reader.
  • the activity of intracellular caspase 8 was analyzed by Caspase-Glo 8 assay system.
  • Cells were pretreated with 1 ⁇ M of Compound A for 1 hour and then cultured for 24 hours in a medium containing 5 mM glutamic acid. After adding the kit solution in the same amount as the cell culture medium and reacting for 1 hour, the relative activity was analyzed by measuring the amount of generated luminescence through a microplate reader.
  • Intracellular mitochondrial cell membrane potential was analyzed using JC-1 reagent.
  • Cells were pretreated with 1 ⁇ M of Compound A for 1 hour and then cultured for 6 hours in a medium containing 5 mM glutamic acid. Thereafter, 5 mM of JC-1 was treated and incubated for 30 minutes.
  • JC-1 aggregates and JC-1 monomers were analyzed by using an Attune Acoustic Focusing Cytometer at excitation wavelengths of 485 ⁇ 11 nm and 535 ⁇ 17.5 nm and emission wavelengths of 530 ⁇ 15 and 590 ⁇ 17.5 nm.
  • the measured value of each experimental group was statistically analyzed through SPSS 23.0 of IBM.
  • the equal variance of each experimental group was one variance
  • the analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukeys test and in the case of heteroscedasticity, it was performed by one-way analysis of variance and Welchs t-test.
  • the experimental group showing significant statistical difference from the normal group was shown as *P ⁇ 0.05, *P ⁇ 0.01, ***P ⁇ 0.001
  • the experimental group showing significant statistical difference from the control group treated with only glutamate was shown as #P ⁇ 0.05, P ⁇ 0.01, #P ⁇ 0.001.
  • the cells After diluting glutamic acid in the cultured cells in the medium and treating the cells with concentrations of 0-9 mM, the cells was incubated for 24 hours, treated with a reagent for cell proliferation analysis (CellTiter96ter AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay Kit) and after 1 hour, the cell viability was measured to compare and analyze the cytotoxicity of glutamic acid to photoreceptor cells derived from the mouse retina. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4 , it was found to induce a significant cell viability decrease in a concentration-dependent manner at concentrations of 3 mM or more. The IC 50 value of glutamic acid was confirmed to be 5.1 ⁇ 0.5 mM.
  • Caspase is known to regulate cell death.
  • the activities of caspase 3/7 of cells ( FIG. 8( a ) ) and caspase 8 of cells ( FIG. 8( b ) ) treated with glutamic acid only were significantly increased, and as a result of pretreatment of Compound A, the activity of caspase 3/7 and caspase 8 was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner.
  • the following in vivo animal experiments were performed to examine the protective efficacy of the eye drop of the derivatives of the present invention for the optic nerve.
  • the eye drop prepared in the Preparation Example 1 was administered into the eyes of 3-month-old normal DAB 2J mice.
  • xalatan an eye drop used as a therapeutic agent for glaucoma, was administered in the same way, and as a negative control, no treatment was given to the experimental animals.
  • Control represents a negative control
  • Drug 250, 500 and 750 are eye drops containing the derivative compound (Compound A) at concentrations of 250 ⁇ M, 500 ⁇ M and 750 ⁇ M, respectively
  • Xalatan represents a positive control

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