US20210346991A1 - Laser machining apparatus and laser machining method - Google Patents

Laser machining apparatus and laser machining method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20210346991A1
US20210346991A1 US17/282,866 US201917282866A US2021346991A1 US 20210346991 A1 US20210346991 A1 US 20210346991A1 US 201917282866 A US201917282866 A US 201917282866A US 2021346991 A1 US2021346991 A1 US 2021346991A1
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Prior art keywords
sheet metal
laser beam
focal point
laser
amplitude
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US17/282,866
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English (en)
Inventor
Akihiko Sugiyama
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Amada Co Ltd
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Amada Co Ltd
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Assigned to AMADA CO., LTD. reassignment AMADA CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SUGIYAMA, AKIHIKO
Publication of US20210346991A1 publication Critical patent/US20210346991A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
    • B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/048—Automatically focusing the laser beam by controlling the distance between laser head and workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0665—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0876—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction in at least two axial directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
    • B23K37/0211—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track
    • B23K37/0235—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track the guide member forming part of a portal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • B23K37/0408—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work for planar work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a laser machining apparatus and a laser machining method that machine sheet metal by a laser beam.
  • Non-Patent Literature 1 describes cutting sheet metal while vibrating a laser beam in a predetermined vibration pattern.
  • Non-Patent Literature 1 JANUARY 2017 The FABRICATOR 67, Shaping the beam for the best cut
  • a focal point of the laser beam is located in a predetermined position in a direction orthogonal to a surface of the sheet metal.
  • the laser machining apparatus may cut sheet metal by locating the focal point of the laser beam precisely on a top surface of the sheet metal.
  • the laser machining apparatus may cut the sheet metal by locating the focal point of the laser beam upward from the top surface of the sheet metal by a predetermined distance.
  • the laser machining apparatus may cut the sheet metal by locating the focal, point of the laser beam within a thickness of the sheet metal downward from the top surface of the sheet metal by a predetermined distance.
  • the laser machining apparatus cuts sheet metal by properly setting a relative position of the focal point of the laser beam with respect to the sheet metal.
  • One or more embodiments has or have an object to provide a laser machining apparatus and a laser machining method that can favorably cut sheet metal even when a focal point of a laser beam is moved in a direction orthogonal to a surface of the sheet metal at the time of cutting the sheet metal while vibrating the laser beam in a predetermined vibration pattern.
  • a laser machining apparatus which includes a machining head configured to emit a laser beam, a focusing lens configured to focus the laser beam to irradiate a sheet metal with the laser beam so as to form a beam spot on a surface of the sheet metal, a moving mechanism configured to relatively move the machining head with respect to the sheet metal, along the surface of the sheet metal, a beam vibration mechanism configured to vibrate the laser beam when the sheet metal is cut by the irradiation of the sheet metal with the laser beam while the machining head is relatively moved by the moving mechanism, a focal point moving mechanism configured to move a focal point of the laser beam with which the sheet metal is irradiated, in an orthogonal direction orthogonal to the surface of the sheet metal, a focal position control section configured to control the focal point moving mechanism to locate the focal point in a predetermined position in the orthogonal direction, and a beam vibration mechanism control section configured to control the beam vibration mechanism to change an amplitude with which the laser
  • a laser machining method which includes irradiating a surface of sheet metal with a laser beam focused by a focusing lens, relatively moving an irradiation position of the laser beam with respect to the surface of the sheet metal to cut the sheet metal, vibrating the laser beam in a predetermined vibration pattern when the sheet metal is cut, and changing an amplitude with which the laser beam is vibrated in the vibration pattern according to a position of a focal point in an orthogonal direction, when the focal point of the laser beam is moved in the orthogonal direction orthogonal to the surface of the sheet metal.
  • the laser machining apparatus and the laser machining method of one or more embodiments it is possible to favorably cut the sheet metal even when the focal point of the laser beam is moved in the direction orthogonal to the surface of the sheet metal at the time of cutting the sheet metal while vibrating the laser beam in the predetermined vibration pattern.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an entire configuration example of a laser machining apparatus of one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating detailed configuration examples of a collimator unit and a machining head in the laser machining apparatus of one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a displacement of an irradiation position of a laser beam to sheet metal by a beam vibrating mechanism.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a parallel vibration pattern of the laser beam.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an orthogonal vibration pattern of a laser beam.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an actual vibration pattern at a time of using the orthogonal vibration pattern illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • FIG. 7 is a partial block diagram illustrating a detailed configuration example of a laser machining apparatus of one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram conceptually illustrating beam profile data retained by the laser machining apparatus of one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a comparison of amplitudes of laser beams in a vibration pattern in a state where focal points of the laser beams are moved from a reference position in a conventional art and one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 10 is a table illustrating a comparison of cutting results of sheet metal at a time of the focal points of the laser beams being moved from the reference position in the conventional art and one or more embodiments.
  • a laser machining apparatus 100 includes a laser oscillator 10 that generates and emits a laser beam, a laser machining unit 20 , a process fiber 12 that transmits the laser beam emitted by the laser oscillator 10 to the laser machining unit 20 .
  • the laser machining apparatus 100 includes an operation section 40 , a NC device 50 , a machining program database 60 , a machining condition database 70 , and an assist gas supply device 80 .
  • the NC device 50 is an example of a control device that controls respective parts of the laser machining apparatus 100 .
  • the laser oscillator 10 a laser oscillator that amplifies an excitation beam emitted from a laser diode to emit a laser beam of a predetermined wavelength, or a laser oscillator that directly uses a laser beam emitted by a laser diode is preferable.
  • the laser oscillator 10 is, for example, a solid laser oscillator, a fiber laser oscillator, a disk laser oscillator, or a direct diode laser oscillator (DDL oscillator).
  • the laser oscillator 10 emits a laser beam in a band of 1 ⁇ m with a wavelength of 900 nm to 1100 nm.
  • the fiber laser oscillator emits a laser beam with a wavelength of 1060 nm to 1080 nm
  • the DDL oscillator emits a laser beam with a wavelength of 910 mm to 950 nm.
  • the laser machining unit 20 has a machining table 21 where sheet metal W to be machined is placed, a gate-type X-axis carriage 22 , a Y-axis carriage 23 , a collimator unit 30 fixed to the Y-axis carriage 23 , and a machining head 35 .
  • the X-axis carriage 22 is configured to be movable in an X-axis direction on the machining table 21 .
  • the Y-axis carriage 23 is co-figured to be movable in a Y-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis on the X-axis carriage 22 .
  • the X-axis carriage 22 and the Y-axis carriage 23 function as a moving mechanism that moves the machining head 35 in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, or an arbitrary composition direction of an X-axis and a Y-axis, along a surface of the sheet metal W.
  • a position of the machining head 35 may be fixed, and the sheet metal W may be configured to move.
  • the laser machining apparatus 100 can include the moving mechanism that moves the machining head 35 relatively to the surface of the sheet metal W.
  • a nozzle 36 that has a circular opening 36 a at a tip end portion, and emits a laser beam from the opening 36 a is attached.
  • the sheet metal W is irradiated with the laser beam emitted from the opening 36 a of the nozzle 36 .
  • the assist gas supply device 80 supplies nitrogen, oxygen, mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen, or air to the machining head 35 as assist gas.
  • the assist gas is blown to the sheet metal W from the opening 36 a.
  • the assist gas discharges molten metal in a kerf width where the sheet metal W is melted.
  • the collimator unit 30 includes a collimation lens 31 that converts a divergent laser beam emitted from the process fiber 12 into a parallel laser beam (collimated laser beam). Further, the collimator unit 30 includes a galvano scanner unit 32 , and a bend mirror 33 that reflects a laser beam emitted from the galvano scanner unit 32 toward a lower part in a Z-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis and the Y-axis.
  • the machining head 35 includes a focusing lens 34 that focuses the laser beam reflected by the bend mirror 33 , and irradiates the sheet metal W.
  • the focusing lens 34 is configured to be movable in a direction to approach the sheet metal W and a direction to separate from the sheet metal W by a focusing lens drive section 340 (see FIG. 7 ).
  • the laser machining apparatus 100 is centered so that the laser beam emitted from the opening 36 a of the nozzle 36 is located at a center of the opening 36 a . In a regular state, the laser beam is emitted from the center of the opening 36 a.
  • the galvano scanner unit 32 functions as a beam vibrating mechanism that vibrates the laser beam that advances in the machining head 35 and is emitted from the opening 36 a, in the opening 36 a. How the galvano scanner unit 32 vibrates the laser beam will be described later.
  • the galvano scanner unit 32 has a scanning mirror 321 that reflects the laser beam emitted from the collimation lens 31 , and a drive section 322 that rotates the scanning mirror 321 to a predetermined angle. Further, the galvano scanner unit 32 has a scanning mirror 323 that reflects the laser beam emitted from the scanning mirror 321 , and a drive section 324 that rotates the scanning mirror 323 to a predetermined angle.
  • the drive sections 322 and 324 can reciprocally vibrate the scanning mirrors 321 and 323 within a predetermined angle range respectively based on control by the NC device 50 .
  • the galvano scanner unit 32 vibrates the laser beam with which the sheet metal W is irradiated.
  • the galvano scanner unit 32 is one example of the beam vibrating mechanism, and the beam vibrating mechanism is not limited to the galvano scanner unit 32 having a pair of scanning mirrors.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a state where either one or both of the scanning mirror 321 and the scanning mirror 323 is or are tilted, and a position of the laser beam with which the sheet metal W is irradiated is displaced.
  • a fine solid line that is bent by the bend mirror 33 and passes through the focusing lens 34 shows an optical axis of the laser beam at the time of the regular state of the laser machining apparatus 100 .
  • an angle of the optical axis of the laser beam that is incident on the bend mirror 33 changes by an operation of the galvano scanner unit 32 located in front of the bend mirror 33 , and the optical axis deviates from a center of the bend mirror 33 .
  • incident positions of the laser beams onto the bend mirror 33 are assumed to be same positions before and after the operation of the galvano scanner unit 32 .
  • the optical axis of the laser beam is assumed to be displaced from the position shown by the fine solid line to a position shown by a thick solid line by the action by the galvano scanner unit 32 .
  • the laser beam reflected by the bend mirror 33 is assumed to incline at an angle ⁇
  • an irradiation position of the laser beam on the sheet metal W is displaced by a distance ⁇ s.
  • a focal length of the focusing lens 34 is EFL (Effective Focal Length)
  • EFL Effective Focal Length
  • the irradiation position of the laser beam on the sheet metal W can be displaced by the distance ⁇ s in an opposite direction to the direction shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the distance ⁇ s is a distance less than a radius of the opening 36 a, and is preferably a distance less than or equal to a maximum distance when the maximum distance is a distance obtained by subtracting a predetermined margin from the radius of the opening 36 a.
  • the NC device 50 can vibrate the laser beam in a predetermined direction within a plane of the sheet metal W by controlling the drive sections 322 and 324 of the galvano scanner unit 32 . By vibrating the laser beam, it is possible to vibrate a beam spot formed on a surface of the sheet metal W.
  • the laser machining apparatus 100 configured as above cuts the sheet metal W by the laser beam emitted from the laser oscillator 10 and produces a product having a predetermined shape.
  • the laser machining apparatus 100 locates the focal point of the laser beam at any appropriate position of, on the top surface of the sheet metal W, upward from the top surface by a predetermined distance, or downward from the top surface by a predetermined distance within a thickness of the sheet metal W, and cuts the sheet metal while vibrating the laser beam in a predetermined vibration pattern.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 an example of the vibration pattern in which the NC device 50 vibrates the laser beam by the galvano scanner unit 32 will be described.
  • a cutting advancing direction of the sheet metal W is set as an x-direction, and a direction orthogonal to the x-direction within the plane of the sheet metal W is set as a y-direction.
  • the NC device 50 can select any of vibration patterns in accordance with an instruction of the operator by the operation section 40 .
  • the vibration pattern is set to the machining conditions stored in the machining condition database 70
  • the NC device 50 selects the vibration pattern that is set in the machining conditions.
  • FIG. 4 and. FIG. 5 illustrate vibration patterns in a state where the machining head 35 is not moved in the x-direction to make it easier to understand the vibration pattern.
  • FIG. 4 is a vibration pattern in which a beam spot Bs is vibrated in the x-direction within a groove Wk formed by advancement of the beam spot Bs.
  • the vibration pattern illustrated in FIG. 4 is referred to as a parallel vibration pattern.
  • the parallel vibration pattern is a vibration pattern in which Fx:Fy is 1:0.
  • FIG. 5 is a vibration pattern in which the beam spot Bs is vibrated in the y-direction. By vibrating the beam spot Bs in the y-direction, the groove Wk has a kerf width K 2 that is wider than a kerf width K 1 .
  • the vibration pattern illustrated in FIG. 5 is referred to as an orthogonal vibration pattern.
  • the orthogonal vibration pattern is a vibration pattern in which Fx:Fy is 0:1.
  • the NC device 50 may vibrate the laser beam in a vibration pattern in which the vibration in the x-direction and the vibration in the y-direction are combined.
  • a first example of another vibration pattern is a circular vibration pattern in which the laser beam is vibrated circularly so that the beam spot Bs draws a circle.
  • a second example of another vibration pattern is an 8-shaped vibration pattern in which the laser beam is vibrated in an 8-shape so that the beam spot Bs draws the figure eight.
  • a third example of another vibration pattern is a C-shaped vibration pattern in which the laser beam is vibrated so that the beam spot Bs draws the letter C in the alphabet.
  • the laser beam vibrates while the machining head 35 is moving in the cutting advancing direction, and therefore the vibration pattern becomes a vibration pattern in which a displacement in the cutting advancing direction (x-direction) is added to the vibration pattern illustrated in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 , or another vibration pattern not illustrated.
  • the orthogonal vibration pattern illustrated in FIG. 5 is taken as an example, the beam spot Bs vibrates in the y-direction while moving in the x-direction, and therefore the actual orthogonal vibration pattern becomes a vibration pattern as illustrated in FIG. 6 .
  • the NC device 50 includes a galvano control section 501 , a focal position control section 502 , and a data retention section 503 .
  • the galvano control section 501 is supplied with movement vector information indicating in which direction of the combination of the X-direction and the Y-direction the machining head is to be moved, and a vibration pattern selection signal. Based on the movement vector information, the x-direction that is the cutting advancing direction of the sheet metal and the y-direction orthogonal to the x-direction are determined.
  • the galvano control section 501 controls either one or both of the drive sections 322 and 324 of the galvano scanner unit 32 so as to vibrate the laser beam in the vibration pattern selected by the vibration pattern selection signal.
  • the galvano control section 501 is one example of a beam vibration mechanism control section that controls a beam vibration mechanism.
  • the focal position control section 502 controls the focusing lens drive section 340 so that the focal position set in machining conditions is achieved.
  • the focusing lens drive section 340 is one example of focal point moving mechanism that moves the focal point of the laser beam with which the sheet metal W is irradiated in the orthogonal direction with respect to the surface of the sheet metal W.
  • the focal position of the laser beam may be configured to be adjusted by a method other than moving the focusing lens 34 .
  • the focal position control section 502 controls the focusing lens drive section 340 to move the focal point
  • the focal position control section 502 supplies the focal point movement information indicating in which direction of upward or downward the focal point is moved to what extent to the galvano control section 501 .
  • the galvano control section 501 controls the drive sections 322 and 324 based on the focal point movement information.
  • the data retention section 503 retains beam profile data.
  • FIG. 8 conceptually illustrates the beam profile data.
  • the beam profile data shows beam diameters in respective positions in the advancing direction of the laser beam when the laser beam of a convergent beam is most focused on a beam waist, and thereafter diverges.
  • the data retention section 503 can retain the beam diameter at intervals of 1 mm, for example, in the advancing direction of the laser beam as the beam profile data.
  • a beam diameter in the beam waist is 120 ⁇ m.
  • the beam diameter at this time is, for example, 148 ⁇ m.
  • the beam diameter at this time is also 148 ⁇ m.
  • the reference amplitude Qy 0 is illustrated with more exaggeration than in FIG. 5 .
  • the beam diameter is 148 ⁇ m.
  • the galvano control section 501 refers to the beam profile data, and controls the drive section 322 or 324 to make the amplitude in the y-direction of the laser beam Qy 2 to maintain the irradiation range y 0 in the y-direction, based on the focal point movement information supplied from the focal position control section 502 .
  • the beam diameter of the beam spot Bs on the surface of the sheet metal W at the time of the focal point of the laser beam being located on the reference position is assumed to be a first beam diameter
  • the galvano control section 501 can control the galvano scanner unit 32 to vibrate the laser beam with an amplitude obtained by subtracting a difference value which is obtained by subtracting the first beam diameter from the second beam diameter, from the reference amplitude Qy 0 .
  • the orthogonal vibration pattern illustrated in. FIG. 5 is taken as an example, but even in the parallel vibration pattern illustrated in FIG. 4 or other vibration patterns, the galvano control section 501 similarly changes the amplitude according to a relative position of the focal point with respect to the sheet metal W.
  • the amplitude of each of the vibration patterns is changed, and therefore the irradiation range of the laser beam at the time of the beam spot Bs being located at both end portions in the vibration direction can be made constant.
  • the irradiation range of the laser beam is a distance between both outer sides at the time of the beam spot Bs being located at both the end portions in the vibration direction.
  • the irradiation range which is set in advance can be maintained, and therefore even if the focal point of the laser beam is moved, the sheet metal W can be favorably cut.
  • the kerf width of the groove Wk formed at the time of cutting the sheet metal W as in the orthogonal vibration pattern it is not preferable that the kerf width is changed by moving the focal point of the laser beam. According to one or more embodiments, it is possible to cut the sheet metal W without changing the kerf width.
  • the amplitude Qy is constant at 400 ⁇ m regardless of the position of the focal point in the orthogonal direction.
  • “good” indicates a case where the sheet metal W can be cut with good quality of a cut surface
  • “acceptable” indicates a case where the sheet metal W can be cut though the quality of the cut surface is not so good
  • “bad” indicates a case where the sheet metal W cannot be cut.
  • FIG. 10 the experimental results using the soft steel as the sheet metal W are illustrated, but it is possible to obtain a similar effect even when the sheet metal W a stainless steel or an aluminum alloy since it does not deviate from the purport of maintaining the irradiation range of a laser beam.
  • the present invention is not limited to the one or more embodiments described above, and can be variously changed within the range without departing from the summary of the present invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
US17/282,866 2018-10-12 2019-10-04 Laser machining apparatus and laser machining method Pending US20210346991A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2018193150A JP6643442B1 (ja) 2018-10-12 2018-10-12 レーザ加工機及びレーザ加工方法
JP2018-193150 2018-10-12
PCT/JP2019/039237 WO2020075632A1 (ja) 2018-10-12 2019-10-04 レーザ加工機及びレーザ加工方法

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