US20210260235A1

US20210260235A1 - Support Structures, Cabinets and Methods For Disinfecting Objects

Info

Publication number: US20210260235A1
Application number: US17/316,197
Authority: US
Inventors: Mark A. Stibich; Deepak Jayaraj; Sarah E. Simmons; Katie Velasquez
Original assignee: Xenex Disinfection Services Inc
Current assignee: Xenex Disinfection Services Inc
Priority date: 2016-02-04
Filing date: 2021-05-10
Publication date: 2021-08-26
Also published as: US11648326B2; WO2017136812A1; JP6766159B2; JP2019505319A; JP2020203137A; US20170224858A1; SG11202000815WA; EP3411086A1; EP3738618A1; US20180339076A1; CA3052574A1; EP3411086B1; US11000615B2; ES2818601T8; SG10202007397RA; ES2818601T3

Abstract

Methods are provided which include placing one or more objects into a cabinet, subsequently closing the cabinet and remotely starting a disinfection device disposed therein to disperse a germicide within the closed cabinet. Embodiments of cabinets include a moveable germicidal blocking partition for separating portions of the cabinet, a door for accessing one of the portions and a sensor for detecting when the partition is in position to separate the portions. Other embodiments of cabinets include one or more germicidal dose sensors and program instructions for terminating operation of a particular disinfection apparatus placed in the cabinet when a signal is received indicating that a predetermined dose of a germicide is detected in the cabinet. Embodiments of moveable enclosures are provided having a loading port and a support structure configured to allow access to the support structure without providing access to affect movement of a germicidal lamp in the enclosure.

Description

This application is a continuation of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/052,850, filed Aug. 2, 2018, which is a continuation of pending International Patent Application No. PCT/US2017/016675 filed Feb. 6, 2017, which designates the United States and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/363,917, filed Nov. 29, 2016; which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/291,024, filed Feb. 4, 2016.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention generally relates to the disinfection of objects and, more specifically to, support structures, cabinets and methods for disinfecting objects.

2. Description of the Related Art

The following descriptions and examples are not admitted to be prior art by virtue of their inclusion within this section.
In general, germicidal systems are designed to subject one or more surfaces and/or objects to a germicide to deactivate or kill microorganisms residing upon the surface/s and/or object/s. Applications of germicidal systems include but are not limited to sterilization, object disinfection, and room/area decontamination. Examples of area/room decontaminations system are those used in hospital rooms to disinfect the objects therein and those used in agricultural operations, such as those which are used to breed and/or farm animals. Examples of sterilizing systems are those used for sterilizing surgical tools, food or pharmaceutical packaging. A challenge in many applications is accessing all surfaces of an object to insure thorough disinfection of the object. In particular, some germicidal systems may only effectively treat surfaces which are facing the germicidal system and, thus, surfaces not facing the system may not be disinfected adequately.
Furthermore, surfaces of an object which are in contact with a surface of another object, such as the surface of an object touching the surface of a table or surfaces of a plurality of objects stacked upon each other are hidden from exposure and, thus, such surfaces are not disinfected. Objects which are particularly susceptible for being in contact with other objects are those which are relatively small and portable. Furthermore, such objects are often handled by humans, making them more likely to have germs on their surfaces. Some germicidal systems include trays for objects to be positioned on such that access to surfaces of the objects may be manipulated. Such trays, however, are labor and time intensive in that the objects must be carefully positioned to avoid overlapping the objects and, further, that the objects must be turned over during a disinfection process to insure disinfection of surfaces that were originally placed in contact with the trays.
Accordingly, it would be advantageous to develop devices and processes that can aid in accessing all surfaces of objects during a disinfection process with minimal labor involved and minimal interruptions to the disinfection process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Enclosures, cabinets and methods are provided for disinfecting objects. The following description of various embodiments of enclosures, cabinets and methods is not to be construed in any way as limiting the subject matter of the appended claims.
An embodiment of a moveable enclosure includes an interior germicidal lamp arranged within an interior cavity of the moveable enclosure, a support structure for holding one or more objects arranged along an interior sidewall of the interior cavity, and a loading port arranged along an exterior sidewall of the moveable enclosure. The dimensional configurations and arrangements of the loading port and the support structure in the moveable enclosure allow access to load one or more objects on the support structure via the loading port without providing access to affect movement of the germicidal lamp via the loading port.
An embodiment of a cabinet includes a moveable partition for separating first and second portions of the cabinet, wherein the moveable partition is configured to block transmission of a germicide. In addition, the cabinet includes at least one door to allow access to at least the second portion of the cabinet and a sensor for detecting when the moveable partition is in position to separate the first and second portions of the cabinet.
An embodiment of another cabinet includes an interior void dimensionally configured to accommodate a particular disinfection device, wherein the cabinet does not include an electrical outlet or a battery for supplying power to the particular disinfection device. The cabinet further includes a door to enclose the cabinet, one or more germicide dose sensors arranged in the interior of the cabinet, a processor; and a storage medium comprising program instructions which are executable by the processor for terminating operation of the particular disinfection apparatus when a signal is received from at least one of the one or more germicide dose sensors indicating that a predetermined dose of germicide is detected within the cabinet.
An embodiment of a method for disinfecting objects includes placing into a cabinet a first set of one or more objects and a first disinfection device configured project a germicide into an ambient of the disinfection device. The method further includes closing the cabinet with the first disinfection device and the first set of one or more objects inside the cabinet and remotely starting the first disinfection device to disperse a germicide within the closed cabinet. The method further includes opening the cabinet subsequent to the first disinfection device terminating dispersal of the germicide, removing the first disinfection device and the first set of one or more objects from the cabinet and then dismantling the cabinet. The method further includes reconstructing the cabinet, placing a second set of one or more objects into the reconstructed cabinet, placing a second disinfection device into the reconstructed cabinet, closing the reconstructed cabinet with the second disinfection device and the second set of one or more objects inside the reconstructed cabinet and remotely starting the second disinfection device to disperse the germicide within the closed cabinet.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example flowchart of a method for disinfecting one or more objects in a cabinet;

FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of an example shelf having nubbles for suspending objects thereon;

FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of an example cabinet for disinfecting one or more objects;

FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic top view of another example cabinet for disinfecting one or more objects;

FIGS. 5-7 illustrate schematic top views of different example cabinets having partitionable chambers for disinfection one or more objects;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example flowchart of a method for disinfecting one or more objects in a cabinet having partitionable chambers;

FIG. 9 illustrates an example a top view of an example basket designed to hold a stethoscope; and

FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the example basket shown in FIG. 9 taken along axis A-A.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Devices and methods are provided that increase the versatility of operationally independent disinfection apparatuses, allow a majority if not all exterior sides of an object to be simultaneously disinfected and offer a manner to determine if an object has been deemed suitable for a particular disinfection system. More specifically, methods are provided which include placing one or more objects into a cabinet, placing a disinfection device into the cabinet, closing the cabinet with the disinfection device and the one or more objects inside the cabinet and remotely starting the disinfection device to disperse a germicide within the closed cabinet as set forth in FIG. 1. In addition, a method is provided in FIG. 8 for disinfection of objects in a partitionable cabinet. Moreover, cabinets are provided which are specifically configured to enable such a processes as illustrated in FIGS. 3-7. Furthermore, support structures are provided which are configured to confirm an object placed thereon is suitable for a particular disinfection system, an example of which is set forth in FIGS. 9 and 10.
The objects considered for use in the methods, cabinets and support structures provided herein may include any configuration (i.e., shape, size, weight, material, construction, etc.) and may particularly depend on the configuration of the cabinet in which they are to be disinfected or the support structure upon which they are to be arranged for a disinfection process. In some cases, objects which are relatively small and portable may be suitable for some of the cabinets described herein. In particular, some of the cabinets described herein include support structures, such as trays, shelving and/or baskets to hold objects during a disinfection cycle. In such cases, objects occupying less than approximately 1.0 ft³and, in some cases, objects occupying less than approximately 0.5 ft³may be particularly applicable for such processes. In other cases, the cabinets described herein may be configured to disinfect larger objects, particularly those occupying more than approximately 1.0 ft³. In any case, the methods, cabinets and support structures described herein may, in some cases, be used in hospitals. In such embodiments, objects which may be considered for use in the methods, cabinets and support structures provided herein may include medical items which are kept within a hospital, including medical equipment and supplies. Non-medical items may be considered for use in the methods, cabinets and support structures provided herein as well, such as but not limited to pens, pads of paper, pamphlets and television remote controls. In any case, objects of the same configuration or of different configurations may be considered for a given disinfection process.
As noted above, FIG. 1 outlines a method for disinfecting one or more objects in a cabinet. As shown, block 10 includes placing one or more objects into a cabinet. In some cases, the step of placing the one or more objects into the cabinet may include placing the one or more objects onto a floor of the cabinet. In addition or alternatively, the step of placing the one or more objects into the cabinet may include wheeling the one or more objects into the cabinet. Either embodiment may be particularly suitable for placing a relatively large object into the cabinet particularly those occupying more than approximately 1.0 ft³. Examples of relatively large objects may include but are not limited to medical equipment, wheeled over-the-bed tables, intravenous poles and carts.
In some additional or alternative cases, the step of placing the one or more objects into the cabinet may include placing one or more of the object/s on one or more shelves arranged in the cabinet, placing one or more of the object/s on one or more trays arranged in the cabinet and/or placing one or more of the object/s in one or more baskets arranged within a cabinet as set forth in block 22. In some embodiments, the step of placing the one or more objects into the cabinet may additionally or alternatively include placing the one or more objects on one or more trays, on one or more shelves and/or in one or more baskets and then placing the one or more trays, the one or more shelves and/or the one or more baskets in the cabinet as respectively set forth in blocks 24 and 25. In any case, the shelving, basket/s and/or tray/s may be arranged at any location in the cabinet. In some embodiments, one or more shelves, one or more baskets and/or one or more trays may be attached and/or extend from sidewalls of the cabinet and/or door/s of the cabinet. In addition or alternatively, one or more baskets, one or more shelves and/or one or more trays may be hung from the ceiling of the cabinet. Furthermore, one or more baskets and/or one or more trays may be arranged on a floor of the cabinet and/or may be arranged on a shelf in the cabinet.
In any case, the shelving, the basket/s and/or the tray/s considered for the methods, cabinets and support structures provided herein include portions which are transparent to germicidal light and/or include through holes. In some embodiments, the size of the through holes in the shelving, basket/s and/or tray/s may be large relative to the framework surrounding the through holes (i.e., the through holes may occupy more space than the framework surrounding the through holes, such as commonly found in wired racks or polymer frameworks having a configuration similar to a wire rack). In some cases, the framework surrounding the through holes may be partially or entirely made of materials transparent to germicidal light. In some embodiments, regardless of whether the shelving, basket/s and/or tray/s include through holes, one or more of the shelves, basket/s and/or tray/s may be made of entirely material/s transparent to germicidal light. An example of a material transparent to germicidal light is quartz, but other materials may be considered.
In some cases, the shelving, basket/s and/or trays may include one or more suspension nubbles for objects to be placed on and such that they may be suspended above the attached shelving, basket or tray. The suspension nubble/s may allow a greater surface area of object/s to be exposed to germicide that is projected from a disinfection device arranged in the cabinet and, thus, may increase the efficacy of disinfecting the object/s during a disinfection process. In some cases, the suspension nubble/s may comprise a material which is transparent to germicidal light, particularly for embodiments in which a disinfection device to be used in the cabinet comprising the shelving, basket or tray has a germicidal light source. In some of such embodiments, the other portions of the shelving, basket or tray comprising the one or more suspension nubbles may not be transparent to germicidal light or include through holes. In particular, in some cases, the only portion of a shelf, basket or tray made of a material transparent to germicidal light may be the one or more suspension nubbles. In other cases, however, the other portions of the shelving, basket or tray comprising the one or more suspension nubbles may include a material transparent to germicidal light or include through holes. In alternative embodiments, the suspension nubble/s may not be transparent to germicidal light.
An example shelf 34 is illustrated in FIG. 2 having a variety of nubbles. In particular, FIG. 2 shows shelf 34 with a wire rack having suspension nubbles 35, 36 and 37 attached to bars of the rack. As shown, suspension nubbles 35 are conical, which may be advantageous for minimizing the amount of contact with an object placed thereon. An alternative shape for suspension nubbles may be spherical, as shown by nubbles 36 in FIG. 2. Several other shapes may be considered as well, such as but not limited to pyramids and triangular prisms. Another type of suspension nubble configuration that may be considered for the shelving, basket/s and/or tray/s for the cabinets and methods described herein may be a suspension nubble having a substantially flat upper surface by which to receive an object. For example, circular wafers, such as shown by suspension nubbles 37 in FIG. 2, or any other shaped wafers may be used. Alternatively, square or rectangular blocks or inverted cones or prisms may be used. In any of such cases, the substantially flat upper surface of a suspension nubble may, in some embodiments, may be roughed to aid in retaining an object thereon. In other cases, however, the substantially flat upper surface of a suspension nubble may be smooth.
Regardless of their shape, nubble/s may, in some cases, have a height of at least approximately 2 cm. In other embodiments, suspension nubble/s may have a height of less than approximately 2 cm. In some cases, all suspension nubbles on a shelf, basket and/or tray may have the same height. Such a configuration may aid in stabilizing an object that spans more than one of the suspension nubbles for support. In other embodiments, the height of some or all suspension nubbles on a shelf, basket and/or tray may be different. Furthermore, in some cases, a shelf, basket and/or tray may have suspension nubbles of the same configuration (i.e., the same shape and/or size). In other embodiments, the size and/or shape of some or all suspension nubbles on a shelf, basket and/or tray may be different.
In any case, suspension nubble/s may, in some embodiments, be affixed to a shelf, basket and/or tray such that they are not readily removable from or moveable along the shelf, basket and/or tray. In yet other cases, suspension nubble/s may be attached in a manner such that they do not move along the shelf, basket and/or tray to which they are attached, but yet may be removed from the shelf, basket and/or tray by human force. In this manner, the suspension nubble/s may be adjusted for different objects and/or different disinfection cycles. In other embodiments, suspension nubble/s may be configured to move (e.g., slide) along the shelf, basket and/or tray to which they are attached. In any case, suspension nubbles may include any attachment or mounting means for coupling to a shelf, basket and/or tray. In some embodiments, a suspension nubble may include one or more lower members that are configured to attach to a particular surface configuration. For example, in cases in which a suspension nubble is attached to a wired rack, the suspension nubble may include one or more lower members dimensionally and collectively configured to securely conform to a bar of the wired rack. Although FIG. 2 shows suspension nubbles attached to a bars of a wire rack, the use of nubbles are not necessarily so restricted. In particular, suspension nubbles may be attached to any surface of shelf, basket and/or tray of any configuration.
In any case, in some embodiments, the upper portion of suspension nubble/s may include a different material than their attachment/mounting means. For example, in some cases, the upper portion of a suspension nubble may include a material that is transparent to germicidal light, such as quartz for instance, to allow a greater surface area of an object arranged thereon to be exposed to germicidal light during a disinfection cycle. The attachment/mounting means of the nubble, however, may include a different material and, in particular embodiments, may include a material which is not transparent to germicidal light. A variance in materials between the upper portion of a suspension nubble and its attachment/mounting means may be particularly applicable for embodiments in which the material used for the upper portion of the suspension nubble is not conducive for coupling to the material of the shelving, basket/s or tray/s. Alternatively, the upper portion of suspension nubble/s and their attachment/mounting means may be made of the same material/s and, in particular embodiments, may be in the form of a single composite material.
The term “cabinet” as used herein refers to an article for enclosing and holding one or more items, wherein the article has a door for receiving the one or more items and for closing the cabinet, and wherein the article may be either moved wholly or moved by dismantling at least some of the framework of the cabinet and reconstructing the cabinet from the dismantled framework at a different location. The term is distinct from areas of a building that are primarily bordered by fixed constructs of a building, such as by drywall or concrete, in that those constructs cannot be dismantled and readily reused to construct a wall. In particular, the term “cabinet” as used herein does not refer to rooms in a building, hallways, bathrooms, or closets having fixed sidewalls composed of materials commonly used to define interior spaces within a building such as but not limited to drywall or concrete. In contrast, the term is inclusive to reconstructable and/or moveable articles. For example, the term is inclusive to wall mounted articles, including but not limited to backless boxes which utilize a wall of a room to form an enclosure for the cabinet. In particular, wall mounted cabinets may be either moved wholly or moved by dismantling the cabinet and reconstructing the cabinet from the dismantled framewok at a different location. Furthermore, the term “cabinet” as used herein encompasses free-standing reconstructable or moveable enclosures. Moreover, the term encompasses reconstructable or moveable articles which utilize the floor and/or the ceiling to form the enclosure for the cabinet. As such, articles which do not include a floor and/or a ceiling but which form an enclosure with a floor or ceiling of a building may be considered herein a cabinet when the article is arranged in such a manner.
As shown in block 12, the method outlined in FIG. 1 further includes placing a disinfection device into the cabinet. The doubled arrow line between blocks 10 and 12 indicates that either process may be conducted prior to the other or they may be performed at substantially the same time. In any case, the method continues to block 14 to close the cabinet and further to block 16 to remotely start the disinfection device to disperse a germicide within the closed cabinet. In some cases, the disinfection device may be configured to be independently operational from the cabinet. Alternatively stated, the disinfection device placed into the cabinet may be configured to be operational independent from the cabinet. More specifically, the disinfection devices considered herein may be free-standing devices having their own power source and/or a power cord for accessing their own power. Thus, the functional features of the disinfection device need not be coupled to the cabinet for the disinfection device to operate.
Such a configuration of a disinfection device does not necessarily mandate that the disinfection device be operationally independent from the cabinet during a disinfection cycle, but rather that it merely has the configuration to do so. For instance, as set forth in more detail below, the cabinets described herein may, in some embodiments, include a power outlet arranged along an interior surface for receiving a power plug and further a power cord coupled to the power outlet and extending out from an exterior surface of the cabinet. Such a configuration may be useful for supplying power to the disinfection device through the cabinet. In particular, a power plug of a disinfection device may be plugged into the power outlet of the cabinet and the power cord of the cabinet may be plugged into a power outlet coupled to a mains power supply of a building. In this manner, the power cord of the disinfection device need not be routed exterior to the cabinet. In other embodiments, however, the power cord of the disinfection device may be routed exterior to the cabinet, such as under a sidewall of the cabinet or through a hole along a sidewall of the cabinet, to directly connect the disinfection device to a power outlet coupled to a mains power supply of a building.
In any case, the method outlined in FIG. 1 includes terminating operation of the disinfection device as denoted in block 20 and subsequently removing one or more of the object/s and/or the disinfection device. In some embodiments, operation of the disinfection device may be terminated upon receiving a signal from a remote user interface of the device. In this manner, the timing of the termination may be selected by an individual. In other cases, operation of the disinfection device may be automatically terminated after a predetermined amount of time (which may be a time preset by an individual setting up a particular disinfection cycle in the cabinet or may be a default time preset for disinfection cycles conducted in the cabinet). In yet other embodiments, operation of the disinfection device may be automatically terminated after a predetermined amount of germicide is detected in the cabinet as denoted in block 30 in FIG. 1 and described in more detail below. In general, a disinfection device may include program instructions to terminate its operation based on any one or more of such bases for termination. In some cases, a disinfection device may further include program instructions to terminate its upon detecting motion of a door comprising the cabinet as denoted in block 32 in FIG. 1 and described in more detail below.
The disinfection devices considered herein may be any device configured to generate a dispersible germicide. In particular, the disinfection devices considered herein may be any device or apparatus configured to generate a germicide in form of a liquid, a vapor, a gas, a plasma or germicidal light. In some cases, a disinfection device may be configured to generate more than one type of germicide. As used herein, the term “germicide” refers to an agent for deactivating or killing microorganisms, particularly disease carrying and/or disease producing microorganisms (a.k.a, germs). The term “kill,” as used herein, means to cause the death of an organism. In contrast, the term “deactivate,” as used herein, means to render an organism unable to reproduce without killing. As such, a germicide which is configured to deactivate a microorganism, as used herein, refers to an agent which renders a microorganism unable to reproduce but leaves the organism alive. Furthermore, the term “disinfection device” as used herein refers to a collection of one or more components used to generate and disperse a germicide. In some embodiments, a disinfection device may include components in addition to the component/s used to generate the germicide to effect the dispersal of the germicide from the generation component/s. In any case, the disinfection devices described herein may include any number of germicidal sources, depending on the design specifications of the disinfection device.
In some cases, a germicidal source of the disinfection devices described herein may be configured to generate a liquid, vapor, gaseous or plasma germicide that is molecularly configured to deactivate and/or kill microorganisms. As used herein, the phrase “molecularly configured” refers to the elemental composition of a substance (i.e., the number and type of atoms making up a substance) to impart the function stated after the phrase. In some embodiments, the functionality of a liquid, vapor, gaseous or plasma germicide to deactivate and/or kill a microorganism may be attributed to the elements constituting the germicide and, thus, such germicides may be referenced as being molecularly configured to deactivate and/or kill microorganisms. This is in contrast to liquid, vapor, gaseous or plasma germicides which impart their deactivation and/or killing functionality by the manner in which they are used. For example, boiling water and steam are often effective sterilizing agents due to the temperature at which they are employed rather than their molecular composition. An example of a gaseous germicide which deactivates or kills microorganisms by the manner in which it is used is air at a very high temperature. Furthermore, the germicidal effectiveness of some plasma germicides is primarily due to the presence and activity of charged particles making up the plasma rather than the molecular composition of the charged particles.
An example of a gaseous germicide that is molecularly configured to kill microorganisms is ozone. Examples of plasmas germicides that are molecularly configured to deactivate or kill microorganisms are those that employ or generate reactive oxygen species. Examples of liquid and vapor germicides that are molecularly configured to deactivate or kill microorganisms include liquid and vapor disinfection solutions having a principle disinfection agent such as but not limited to bleach, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds or ozone. In any of such cases, the liquid and vapor germicides may be aqueous or non-aqueous. It is noted that although germicidal sources which are configured to generate a liquid, vapor, gaseous or plasma germicide that is molecularly configured to deactivate or kill microorganisms are discussed in detail above, the disinfection devices considered herein may, in some embodiments, include a germicidal source configured to generate a liquid, vapor, gaseous or plasma germicide which imparts its deactivation or killing functionality by the manner in which it is used, such as via boiling water, steam or heated air. In any case, examples of disinfection devices which may be configured to disperse liquid, vapor, gaseous, or plasma germicides include but are not necessarily limited to liquid sprayers, foggers, plasmas torchers and misting systems including wet and dry mist systems. As used herein, the term “mist” refers to a suspension of minute globules of a liquid in a gas. For use herein, a germicidal mist is categorized as a liquid germicide.
As noted above, a germicidal source of the disinfection devices described herein may, in some embodiments, be a source configured to generate germicidal light. The term “germicidal light” refers to light which is capable of deactivating or killing microorganisms, particularly disease carrying and/or disease producing microorganisms (a.k.a., germs). Ranges of light which are known to be germicidal include ultraviolet light between approximately 200 nm and approximately 320 nm, particularly 220 nm and between 260 nm and 265 nm, and visible violet-blue light (also known as high-intensity narrow-spectrum (HINS) light) between approximately 400 nm and approximately 470 nm, particularly 405 nm. In some embodiments, a germicidal light source may generate ranges of light which are not germicidal such as but not limited to visible light greater than approximately 500 nm, but such capability will not deter from the reference of the light sources being germicidal. Furthermore, a light source or lamp may, in some cases, be characterized in the type of light it generates, but such characterization need not limit the light source or lamp to generating only that type of light. For example, an ultraviolet lamp is one which generates ultraviolet light but it may produce light of other wavelengths. In any case, the germicidal light sources considered for the disinfection devices described herein may be of any size and shape, depending on the design specifications of the disinfection devices. The terms “germicidal light source” and “germicidal lamp” are used interchangeably herein and refer to a collection of one or more components used to generate and disperse germicidal light.
Examples of germicidal light sources which may be configured to generate ultraviolet light and/or HINS light include discharge lamps, light emitting diode (LED) solid state devices, and excimer lasers. HINS lamps are generally constructed of LEDs. A discharge lamp as used herein refers to a lamp that generates light by means of an internal electrical discharge between electrodes in a gas. The term encompasses gas-discharge lamps, which generate light by sending an electrical discharge through an ionized gas (i.e., a plasma). The term also encompasses surface-discharge lamps, which generate light by sending an electrical discharge along a surface of a dielectric substrate in the presence of a gas, producing a plasma along the substrate's surface. As such, the discharge lamps which may be considered for the germicidal sources described herein include gas-discharge lamps as well as surface-discharge lamps. Discharge lamps may be further characterized by the type of gas/es employed and the pressure at which they are operated. The discharge lamps which may be considered for the germicidal sources described herein may include those of low pressure, medium pressure and high intensity. In addition, the gas/es employed may include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, mercury vapor, sodium vapor and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, various additives and/or other substances may be included in the gas/es. In any case, the discharge lamps considered for the germicidal sources described herein may include those which generate continuous light and those which generate light in short durations, the latter of which are often referred to as flashtubes or flashlamps. Flashtubes or flashlamps that are used to supply recurrent pulses of light are often referred to as pulsed light sources.
A commonly used gas-discharge lamp used to produce continuous light is a mercury-vapor lamp, which may be considered for some of the disinfection devices described herein. It emits a strong peak of light at 253.7 nm, which is considered particularly applicable for germicidal disinfection and, thus, is commonly referenced for ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI). A commonly used flashlamp which may be considered for the disinfection devices described herein is a xenon flashtube. In contrast to a mercury-vapor lamp, a xenon flashtube generates a broad spectrum of light from ultraviolet to infrared and, thus, provides ultraviolet light in the entire spectrum known to the germicidal (i.e., between approximately 200 nm and approximately 320 nm). In addition, a xenon flashtube can provide relatively sufficient intensity in the spectrum which is known to be optimally germicidal (i.e., between approximately 260 nm and approximately 265 nm). Moreover, a xenon flashtube generates an extreme amount of heat, which can further contribute to the deactivation and killing of microorganisms.
Although they are not readily available on the commercial market to date, a surface-discharge lamp may be considered for some of the disinfection devices described herein as noted above. Similar to a xenon flashtube, a surface-discharge lamp produces ultraviolet light in the entire spectrum known to the germicidal (i.e., between approximately 200 nm and approximately 320 nm). In contrast, however, surface-discharge lamps operate at higher energy levels per pulse and, thus, greater UV efficiency, as well as offer longer lamp life as compared to xenon flashtubes. It is noted that the aforementioned descriptions and comparisons of a mercury-vapor lamp, a xenon flashlamp, and a surface discharge lamp in no way restrict the disinfection devices described herein to include such lamps. Rather, the aforementioned descriptions and comparisons are merely provided to offer factors which one skilled in the art may contemplate when selecting a germicidal light source for disinfection devices described herein.
As noted above, in some cases, the germicidal light source may be an excimer laser and, thus, the germicidal light used to disinfect objects in the cabinet may be a narrow beam of light. In such cases, a disinfection device comprising the laser may be configured to move the laser such that multiple or all locations in the cabinet are disinfected. Alternatively, a disinfection device may be configured to distribute germicidal light into an ambient of a room in a spacious manner such that at least the portions of an object in the vicinity of the disinfection device may be simultaneously disinfected. The disinfection device may be of any shape, size, or configuration in which to achieve such an objective.
In some cases, it may be advantageous for the methods and cabinets described herein to utilize a room disinfection device. More specifically, the methods and cabinets described herein may, in some cases, utilize disinfection devices with configurations to facilitate room disinfection. As used herein, the term “room disinfection device” refers to a device configured to disinfect a space which is suitable for human occupancy so as to deactivate, destroy or prevent the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms in the area. The phrase “a space which is suitable for human occupancy” as used herein refers to a space in which an adult human being of average size may comfortably occupy for at least a period of time to eat, sleep, work, lounge, partake in an activity, or complete a task therein. In some cases, spaces suitable for human occupancy may be bounded and include a door for entering and exiting the room. In other cases, a space suitable for human occupancy may be an area with indeterminate boundaries. Examples of spaces which are suitable for human occupancy include but are not limited to single patient rooms, multiple occupancy patient rooms, bathrooms, walk-in closets, hallways, bedrooms, offices, operating rooms, patient examination rooms, waiting and/or lounging areas and nursing stations. Although some disinfection devices used for the systems and methods described herein may be configured for room disinfection, the systems and methods need not be so limited. As such, a disinfection device used in the systems and methods described herein need not include all or any of the features described below that are generally associated with room disinfection devices.
In general, a room disinfection device includes configurations to distribute an effective amount of germicide in a spacious manner to an ambient of a room in which the device is arranged to maximize the number of surfaces and objects disinfected in the room. The device may be of any shape, size, or configuration in which to achieve such an objective. An example configuration of a room disinfection device which may be particularly considered for the disinfection devices discussed herein is for the germicidal source to be arranged within the device to distribute a germicide approximately 360° around the source. In such cases, the room disinfection device may be void of a component sufficient to block the germicide approximately 360° around the device such that germicide emitted from the germicidal source substantially encircles the device. Another configuration of a room disinfection device is to be automated to move through a room or area while the germicidal source is projecting germicide into an ambient of the room or area. For instance, some room disinfection devices include motorized wheels and processor-executable program instructions for activating the motorized wheels in accordance with a predetermined route and/or in response to sensors to maneuver around obstacles in the room or area while the germicidal source is emitting germicide/s. It is noted that although a room disinfection device may include such a configuration, such a movement feature would not be used in conjunction with the methods and cabinets disclosed herein.
Another common feature of room disinfection devices which may be optionally included in the disinfection devices considered for the methods described herein is to be configured to direct germicidal light to a region approximately 2 feet and approximately 4 feet from a floor of a room in which the apparatus is arranged. In particular, the region between approximately 2 feet and approximately 4 feet from a floor of a room is considered a “high touch” region of a room since objects of frequent use are generally placed in such a region. Examples of configurations which offer such light direction are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 13/706,926 filed Dec. 6, 2012 and 13/708,208 filed Dec. 7, 2012 and International Patent Application No. PCT/US2014/059698 filed Oct. 8, 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference as if set forth fully herein. Other features specific to room disinfection devices are disclosed in such documents as well. For example, other features of room disinfection devices include wheels and/or a handle to affect portability for the devices. In addition, many room disinfection devices include configurations for remotely starting the devices such that individuals need not be present in the room when operation of the device commences.
Another feature of a room disinfection device which may be included in the disinfection devices considered for the methods described herein is to include configurations to distribute an effective amount of germicide to achieve at least a 2-log reduction in bacterial contamination on surfaces within a room or area that are greater than 1 meter or even 2 or 3 meters from the germicidal source. Configurations used to generate such an effect generally depend on the configuration of the germicidal source, particularly the size of the germicidal source, the intensity and/or frequency at which the germicide is dispersed and the orientation of the germicidal source in the apparatus. In general, the germicidal sources considered herein may, in some embodiments, be any shape, size, orientation or configuration and may be conducted at parameters to achieve a desired reduction in bacterial contamination on surfaces within a room or area that are greater than 1 meter or even 2 or 3 meters from the apparatus. An example of an orientation of a germicidal source which may aid in achieving such an effect is that the germicidal source may be vertically arranged (e.g., the germicidal source may be arranged lengthwise substantially perpendicular to a horizontal plane of the support structure) to aid in distributing the germicide greater distances within a room or area. Moreover, power fluxes of at least 1.0 W/m²may be generally used to achieve at least a 2-log reduction in bacterial contamination on surfaces within a room or area that are greater than 1 meter from the germicidal source.
In some cases, room disinfection devices may utilize configurations of other components in the device (i.e., other than the configurations of the germicidal source) to aid in achieving a desired reduction in bacterial contamination on surfaces within a room or area that are greater than 1 meter or even 2 or 3 meters from the germicidal source. For example, room disinfection devices may, in some embodiments, include an actuator coupled to the germicidal source and processor-executable program instructions for activating the actuator to move the germicidal source while the germicidal source is projecting germicide into an ambient of a room or area to aid in the distribution of germicide in a room or area. More specifically, the germicidal source may be moved in vertical, horizontal and/or diagonal directions via the actuator while the germicidal source is projecting germicide into an ambient of a room or area. Such a configuration may, in some embodiments, be included in the disinfection devices considered for the methods described herein and activated during a disinfection cycle in a cabinet. In particular, moving the germicidal source within a cabinet may aid in distributing the germicide among the different support structures in the cabinet.
Another component which is often included in room disinfection devices which may be included in the disinfection devices considered for the methods described herein is a movement detection sensor and/or a room/area occupancy sensor, such as a motion sensor, a thermal sensor, a Doppler sensor, or a photo recognition sensor. In particular, to prevent inadvertent exposure of a germicide to individuals during disinfection of a room or an area, the disinfection devices considered herein may include program instructions to inhibit or terminate activation of a power supply circuit to the germicidal source upon detecting movement and/or occupancy in the area/room in which the apparatus is arranged. In some cases, in order to use such disinfection devices in cabinets in which objects arranged therein are moved during a disinfection process (as described in more detail below), the disinfection devices may include a switch to activate and deactivate the movement detection or occupancy sensor comprising the device.
In other embodiments, the movement detection or occupancy sensor/s and associated program instructions of a disinfection device may be used when the disinfection device is placed in a cabinet for disinfecting objects. In particular, the method disclosed herein may include positioning the room disinfection device in the cabinet such that a movement sensor comprising the room disinfection device is in alignment with a door of the cabinet as set forth in block 28 of FIG. 1. In this manner, if the door to the cabinet is opened during operation of the disinfection device, power supply to the disinfection device will be terminated as set forth in block 32 of FIG. 1. In some of such embodiments, the cabinet may be void of mechanism/s to move objects therein. In other cases, the detection range of the movement sensor may be such that it is limited to the vicinity of the cabinet door and, thus, objects may be moved within the cabinet without detection of the sensor. Alternatively, the cabinet described herein may have a switch to activate and deactivate the mechanism/s used to move objects arranged therein such that it may be used in conjunction with a disinfection device having an active movement sensor.
In yet other embodiments, the cabinets disclosed herein may include an alternative safety mechanism/system to ensure door/s of the cabinet are closed when a disinfection device therein is projecting a germicide (i.e., a safety mechanism/system that does not include use of a movement sensor or an occupancy sensor comprising the disinfection device). For example, the cabinet may include a latch sensor on a door, which sends a signal to terminate operation of a disinfection apparatus when the door latch is opened. Alternatively, the cabinet may include a lock on a door and a germicidal sensor configured to prevent the inactivation of the lock when sensing a predetermined amount of germicide in the cabinet. Other safety mechanism/system ensuring door/s of the cabinet are closed when a disinfection device therein is projecting a germicide may be considered.
In any case, cabinets are provided herein which are specifically configured to enable simultaneous disinfection of a majority if not all surfaces of one or more objects disposed therein. As described in detail above, the cabinets include shelving, one or more baskets and/or one or more trays, at least portions of which are transparent to germicidal light and/or comprise through-holes. As further described above, the shelving, basket/s and/or tray/s may be arranged along the sidewalls, door/s, ceiling or floor of the cabinet. In addition to such support structures (i.e., shelving, basket/s and/or tray/s), the cabinets include a void of sufficient size to accommodate a disinfection device. In general, disinfection devices come in various sizes and, thus, the size of the void may vary, depending on the design of the cabinet. Some disinfection devices, particularly room disinfection devices, are relatively large units (i.e., 10 ft³or greater) and, thus, the void may, in some cases, be of sufficient size to accommodate such a device. In any case, the shelving, basket/s and/or tray/s of the cabinet are adjacent to the void and, in some cases, circumvent the void. In some embodiments, the void may centered in the cabinet, but in other embodiments the void may not be centered in the cabinet. In any case, portions of the support structures facing the void may be transparent to germicidal light and/or may include through-holes such that objects placed on the support structures may be exposed to a germicide projected from a disinfection device occupying the void. In some embodiments, the cabinet and/or the one or more support structures may include an automated means for moving one or more objects placed on or in the one or more support structures, such as a vibrator for example. For example, the cabinet may include vibrating wire racks.
An example of a cabinet having some of the aforementioned features is illustrated in FIG. 3. In particular, FIG. 3 illustrates cabinet 40 having interior void 42 of at least 10 ft³, tray 44, shelving 46 and baskets 48 adjacent the interior void, wherein at least portions of the tray, shelving and baskets facing the interior void are transparent to germicidal light and/or comprise through-holes. In addition, cabinet 40 includes door 43. In some cases, cabinet 40 may include one or more loading ports with closable doors along its exterior sidewalls to access one or more of tray 44, shelving 46 and/or baskets 48 as an additional or alternative manner in which to load one or more objects into the cabinet. An example loading port 45 is shown in FIG. 3 accessing shelving 46. As set forth above, interior void 42 is of sufficient size to accommodate disinfection device 50.
In some embodiments, the cabinets considered herein may have alignment markers and/or an alignment system such that a disinfection device may be placed in a predetermined position within the void of the cabinet as denoted in block 26 of FIG. 1. In some cases, the alignment markers and/or alignment system may be configured such that a germicidal source of the disinfection device is a specified distance from the support structures upon which objects will be placed in the cabinet. In particular, some types of germicidal sources generate intense amounts of heat and, thus, pose a risk of causing items too close to the source of getting too hot to touch after a disinfection process, melting or catching fire. An exemplary range of distances that the alignment markers and/or alignment system may be based on to separate the disinfection device from the support structures may between approximately 3 inches and approximately 12 inches, but shorter and longer distances may be suitable, depending on the germicidal source of the disinfection device.
Various other configurations may be considered for the cabinets as well. For example, in some cases, the cabinets may be absent a floor or, alternatively, include a floor with a tapered lip such that in either case a disinfection device may be easily loaded into the cabinet. In the latter of such embodiments, the cabinet may include a door extending in proximity to the tapered lip. In any case, a cabinet may include a single door by which to load objects and a disinfection device into the cabinet. In other embodiments, cabinet may include multiple doors. For instance, a cabinet may include a first door for primarily loading a disinfection device into the cabinet and a second door for primarily loading objects into the cabinet. In other cases, cabinets that have multiple doors may not have loading designations for their doors. In some embodiments, a cabinet may include doors on opposing sides of the cabinet.
In any case, the cabinets considered herein may, in some embodiments, include a power outlet along its interior for receiving a power plug of a disinfection device. The power outlet may be coupled to a power cord extending out from an exterior surface of the cabinet such that the disinfection device may be coupled to a mains power supply of a building when arranged in the cabinet. Alternatively, a cabinet may include an opening such that a power cord of a disinfection device may be routed therethrough to a power outlet along a wall of a room in which the cabinet is arranged. In yet other cases, a cabinet may be void of such provisions, particularly if the cabinet is specifically designed to accommodate a particular disinfection device that is powered by its own battery.
In some embodiments, the cabinets provided herein may be free-standing units. In other cases, the cabinets may be mounted to a wall. In either case, the cabinets may extend to a floor of a room in which it is arranged, but in other embodiments, they may not. In some embodiments, the sidewalls and doors of the cabinets may be sealed to prevent a germicide generated from a disinfection device therein from leaking out of the cabinet. In other cases, the cabinets may not be sealed. In some embodiments, the cabinets may include a highly reflective material along one or more of its interior surfaces, including the sidewalls, ceiling and/or floor of the cabinet, if applicable. In some cases, the highly reflective materials may be those highly reflective to ultraviolet light and/or visible violet-blue light. In particular, it may be advantageous for at least a portion of the cabinets to include a material which exhibits greater than 50% reflectance to ultraviolet light and/or visible violet-blue light, or more specifically, greater than 85% reflectance to ultraviolet light and/or visible violet-blue light. Examples of reflective materials which may be employed include but are not limited to metalized nylon, Teflon, aluminum, reflective paint, biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (boPET) (e.g., Mylar), and GORE® DRP® Diffuse Reflector Material available from W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. In addition or alternative to being highly reflective, the cabinets may include a variety of other material characteristics along its interior surface, such as but not limited to being antimicrobial.
In some cases, the cabinets described herein may include one or more fans, such as shown by reference number 49 in FIG. 3, for cooling the interior of the cabinets and/or dispersing a liquid or gas germicide generated by a disinfection device arranged in the cabinet FIG. 3. The one or more fans may be arranged interior to the cabinet and/or may be arranged within the sidewalls, floor or ceiling of the cabinet. In embodiments in which the cabinet includes one or more fans arranged within its walls, the fans may be configured to drawn air in or out of the cabinet. In some cases, the cabinet may include an ozone reducing device disposed within a wall, floor or ceiling of the cabinet extending between an interior of the cabinet to an exterior of the cabinet such as shown by reference number 51 in FIG. 3. In particular, ozone may, in some cases, be created as a byproduct from the use of a germicidal light source, specifically if the lamp generates ultraviolet light of wavelengths shorter than approximately 240 nm since such a spectrum of UV light causes oxygen atoms of oxygen molecules to dissociate, starting the ozone generation process. Ozone is a known health and air quality hazard and, thus, the release of it by devices is regulated. Examples of ozone reducing devices which may be included in the cabinets described herein include but are not limited to a carbon filter or a device which produces free radicals catalysts that covert ozone to diatomic oxygen.
In some embodiments, the cabinets described herein may include one or more germicide dose sensor/s, such as shown by reference number 41 in FIG. 3 for detecting the amount of germicide dispersed in the cabinet. In some cases, the germicide dose sensor/s may be configured to affect the operation of a disinfection device arranged in the cabinet. In particular, the cabinet and/or the disinfection device may include a storage medium with processor executable program instructions to shut off the disinfection device when a signal is received from the germicide dose sensor/s indicating that a predetermined dose of germicide is detected within the cabinet as denoted in block 30 of FIG. 1. In additional or alternative embodiments, the cabinets described herein may include a humidity and/or temperature control system, such as shown by reference number 47 in FIG. 3. In particular, the cabinets described herein may include dehumidifiers and/or cooling devices to control the humidity and temperature of the interior of the cabinet. In particular, controlling the humidity and/or temperature of an environment sometimes may improve the germicidal efficacy of a germicidal source and, thus, may be used to optimize disinfection cycle time.
In some cases, the cabinet may include a system for identifying objects placed in the cabinet to ensure objects placed in the cabinet are those that have been deemed suitable for a particular disinfection system. In some embodiments, a system for identifying objects may include a scanning system, such as a barcode reader or an RF receiver, that is used to identify objects placed in the cabinet having identification tags attached thereto. In addition or alternatively, a system for identifying objects may include a weight sensor in one or more of the support structures of the cabinet. In particular, a weight sensor may be used to verify whether the weight of an object placed on or in the support structure is in an appropriate range for what it has been identified as via a scanning system of the cabinet. In addition or alternatively, a support structure of the cabinet may be designated for receipt of a particular object (or a particular type of object, such as a type of medical device) and the weight sensor may be used to verify whether the weight of an object placed in or on the support structure is in an appropriate range for the object which support structure is designated. In some of such cases, the support structure may have sidewalls having a peripheral contour similar to the object for which it is designated as described in more detail below in reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. In other embodiments, the support structure may not have a distinct shape, but yet be designated for a particular object or object type for verification purposes. In any case, the cabinets described herein may include a system to ensure objects on the support structures of the cabinet are not touching each other, such as but not limited to a machine vision system.
In some embodiments, the cabinets provided herein may include a user interface. The user interface may be used for setting disinfection process parameters and/or communicating conditions of various systems comprising the cabinet, including but not limited to process parameters and/or conditions for any of the features noted above. In general, the user interface may be configured to project audio commands (i.e., have a speaker and program instructions for sending signals for an audio command to be broadcasted) and/or display visual commands (i.e., include as screen and program instructions for displaying text or pictorial information thereon) for setting disinfection process parameters and/or communicating conditions of various systems comprising the cabinet. It is noted that the aforementioned features of chamber 40 described in reference to FIG. 3, namely the shelving, basket/s, tray/s, user interface, identification system, weight sensor, germicide dose sensors, humidity and/or temperature controllers, ozone filter, fans and loading ports, are optional and are not mutually inclusive.
As shown in FIG. 3 and described above, the configuration of cabinet 40 is specific to having void 42 substantially central to cabinet 40 with tray 44, shelves 46 and baskets 48 arranged around void 42. The cabinets described herein, however, are not necessarily so limited. In particular, cabinets considered herein may have off-center void regions for accommodating a disinfection device. FIG. 4 illustrates a top view schematic drawing of cabinet 60 having disinfection device 54 disposed off-center in the cabinet, particularly in portion 62 of the cabinet opposing portion 64 having one or more objects 56 disposed therein. In general, one or more objects 56 may include object/s of any configuration (i.e., shape, size, weight, material, construction, etc.). In some cases, object/s 56 may be disposed on tray/s, shelving and/or basket/s arranged in portion 64. In some of such cases, the tray/s, shelving and/or basket/s may be arranged along interior surfaces of portion 64 such as described for the tray/s, shelving and/or baskets of cabinet 40 in FIG. 3. In addition or alternatively, the tray/s, shelving and/or basket/s may be supported by a free-standing rack arranged in portion 64 of cabinet 60. In some cases, the free-standing rack may include wheels or some other displacement mechanism to affect mobility and portability of the rack. In such embodiments, the rack may be preloaded with one or more objects 56 prior to being placed in portion 64 of cabinet 60. In other cases, the rack may not include a displacement mechanism and, in some embodiments, the rack may be secured within cabinet 60.
In alternative embodiments, one or more objects 56 may be placed on the floor of cabinet 60 or the floor upon which the cabinet is arranged. In such cases, one or more objects 56 may not be placed on a specific support structure within cabinet 60. In some of such embodiments, one or more of object/s 56 may include wheels or some other displacement mechanism to affect mobility and portability of the object/s. Alternatively, one or more of object/s 56 may be void of displacement mechanisms. In any case, to accommodate a rack or free standing objects within portion 64, portion 64 may include a void space sufficient to receive the rack or free-standing object. The void space may be on the order of greater than approximately 1.0 ft³, greater than approximately 5.0 ft³and, in some cases, greater than approximately 10.0 ft³, but smaller void spaces may be considered.
As noted above in reference to FIG. 3, some of the cabinets disclosed herein may include a void space greater than approximately 10.0 ft³to accommodate a disinfection device generally configured for room disinfection. In some embodiments, portion 62 may include such a void space. In other cases, however, disinfection device 54 need not be so large and, thus, portion 62 may be smaller than 10.0 ft³. In general, disinfection device 54 may include any device configured to generate a dispersible germicide. Although disinfection device 54 may be configured to be independently operational from cabinet 60 and/or may be configured for room disinfection, disinfection device 54 need not be so limited. In particular, disinfection device 54 may, in some embodiments, be operationally dependent on cabinet 60, specifically that the power used to operate the device is drawn through the cabinet. In addition or alternatively, disinfection device 54 need not include all or any of the features described above that are generally associated with room disinfection devices.
As shown in FIG. 4, cabinet 60 may include doors 66 for allowing separate access to portions 62 and 64. Such a configuration may ease loading of one or more objects 56 and disinfection device 54 into the cabinet. In alternative embodiments, however, cabinet 60 may include a single door. In addition or alternatively, cabinet 60 may include closable loading ports along its exterior surface aligned with support structures in portion 64 when cabinet 60 includes such support structures. In any case, the door/s and/or loading port/s may be arranged along any portion of the cabinet and, thus, the positions of the door/s and loading port/s should not be limited to be on opposing ends of the cabinet as shown in FIG. 4. Furthermore, the door/s and loading port/s of the cabinet may be hinged doors, sliding doors, or retractable doors and, thus, should not be limited to the hinged doors shown in FIG. 4.
Although portion 62 of cabinet 60 is shown absent of object/s therein, use of the cabinet should not be so limited. In particular, one or more objects may be placed in portion 62 as long as they do not interfere with the arrangement of disinfection device 54. FIG. 5 illustrates cabinet 70 having support structures 76 (i.e., tray/s, shelving and/or baskets) arranged adjacent to disinfection device 54 in portion 72 of the cabinet. In addition, cabinet 70 includes portion 74 having one or more objects 56 placed therein as similarly described for one or more objects 56 in portion 64 of cabinet 60 in FIG. 4. To increase efficiency, it may be advantageous in some cases to successively load one or more objects into portions 72 and 74 of cabinet 70. In such embodiments, it may be advantageous to partition portion 74 from portion 72 such that the one or more objects placed in portion 72 may be disinfected from a germicide projected from disinfection device 54 while one or more objects 56 are placed into portion 74. As such, cabinet 70 include moveable partition 78 to separate portions 72 and 74 of cabinet 70.
In general, moveable partition 78 is configured to block transmission of a germicide generated by disinfection device 54. In embodiments in which the germicide is a liquid, gas, mist or plasma, any non-pervious material may be used for partition 78, such as glass, plastics, metals, or wood. In some of such cases, at least the side of partition 78 facing disinfection device 54 may include a material which is resistant to chemical erosion. In other cases, particularly in which the germicide generated by disinfection device 54 is germicidal light, at least the side of partition 78 facing disinfection device 54 may include a material which attenuates the germicidal light. Further to having partition 78, cabinet 70 may, in some embodiments, include sensor 79 for detecting when partition 78 is in position to separate portions 72 and 74 of the cabinet.
Cabinets with more than one partition are illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7. In particular, FIG. 6 illustrates cabinet 80 having moveable partitions 83 respectively separating portions 84 and 86 from portion 82 and sensors 89 for detecting when partitions 83 are in position to respectively separate portions 84 and 86 from portion 82. In addition, FIG. 7 illustrates cabinet 90 having moveable partitions 93 respectively separating portions 94, 96, 97, and 98 from portion 92. Furthermore, FIG. 7 illustrates cabinet 90 having sensors 99 for detecting when partitions 93 are in position to respectively separate portions 94, 96, 97, and 98 from portion 92. As respectively shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, portions 82 and 92 accommodate disinfection device 54 and each of portions 84, 86, 94, 96, 97 and 98 accommodate one or more objects 56. Moreover, each of cabinets 80 and 90 include doors 66 for respectively accessing portions 84, 86, 94, 96, 97 and 98. In some cases, cabinet 80 and/or cabinet 90 may include an additional door for loading disinfection device 54. It is noted that partitions 83 differ from partition 78 of cabinet 70 and partitions 93 of cabinet 90 in that they are retractable within the cabinet. The variation of the partitions, however, is not specific to the configuration of cabinet 80 nor are partitions 78 and 93 specific to cabinets 70 and 90. Any type of moveable partition may be employed in the cabinets described herein, including but not limited to those shown in FIGS. 5-7 but as well as those which move vertically from or through the ceiling of the cabinets or from the floor of the cabinet. Moreover, portions 84, 86, 94, 96, 97 and 98 need not be the same size within a cabinet.
A method of disinfecting objects within cabinets having partitionable portions or chambers, such as shown and described above in reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, is shown in FIG. 8. In particular, FIG. 8 includes block 100 in which one or more objects are placed into a second portion of a cabinet, which is adjacent a first portion of a cabinet having a disinfection device arranged therein or at least configured to accommodate a disinfection device. In the latter of such embodiments, a disinfection device may be placed within the first portion of the cabinet during or after the one or more objects are placed into the second portion of the cabinet. In any case, the method continues with closing at least the first and second portions of the cabinet as denoted in block 102. Subsequently in block 104, the disinfection device is remotely started to disperse a germicide within at least the first and second portions of the cabinet.
At some point before, during or after any of the processes denoted in blocks 100, 102 and 104, a third portion of the cabinet is segregated from the first portion of the cabinet (i.e., the portion of the cabinet designated to house the disinfection device) using a germicide blocking partition, such as those described above in reference to FIGS. 5-7. After such segregation, one or more objects are placed into the third portion of the cabinet as denoted in block 108 of FIG. 8. Due to the germicide blocking partition, the process of block 108 may, in some cases, be performed while the disinfection device is generating and projecting a germicide into the first and second portions of the cabinet. Such a method may be similarly facilitated for other chambers of the cabinet such that there may be a succession of simultaneous loading the cabinet with object/s and disinfecting object/s within the cabinet among the different chambers. In addition, portions of a cabinet may also be segregated after disinfecting objects therein such that the objects may be removed from the cabinet while objects in a different portion of the cabinet are being disinfected.
Further to the idea of ensuring objects placed in a cabinet are those that have been deemed suitable for a particular disinfection system, support structures are provided which are configured to confirm an object placed thereon/therein is suitable for a particular disinfection system. In particular, support structures are provided which include sidewalls shaped to emulate a peripheral contour of a particular object, such as a medical device. The sidewalls may be sidewalls of a base of a support structure or may extend up from the base of the support structure. In some embodiments, the periphery of the support structure and the areal space of the base may be slightly larger than the object it is configured to receive. In this manner, the object may be inset within the support structure in cases in which the sidewalls of the support structure extend up from the base. In other embodiments, the periphery of the support structure and the areal space of the base may be substantially equal or smaller than the object it is configured to receive. In such cases, the object may be suspended above the base of the support structure when the sidewalls of the support structure extend up from the base.
In any case, the configuration of the sidewalls to match a peripheral contour of a particular object offers visual confirmation that the object has been deemed suitable for the particular disinfection system the support structure comprises. In some cases, the support structure may additionally include contour sensors along its base and/or sidewalls to electronically confirm the peripheral contour of an object placed on the support structure matches that of the specifically shaped sidewalls. In any case, the support structure may include a shelf, basket or a tray. An example of a support structure having such features is illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10. In particular, FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate basket 110 having base 118 with sidewalls 116 extending up from the base and shaped to match a peripheral contour of stethoscope 114. In some cases, the base and/or sidewalls may include materials transparent to germicidal light and/or one or more through-holes for the transmission of germicide therethrough.
In some cases, the support structure may include a weight sensor, such as shown with weight sensor 112 in FIGS. 9 and 10, to verify whether the weight of an object placed on the support structure is in an appropriate range for what it has been designed to receive. In addition or alternatively, the support structure may include a scannable identification tag to coincide with a scanning identification system of a cabinet in which the support structure is to be arranged. In any of such cases, the support structure may, in some cases, include a means for conveying information to a user of the support structure (e.g., via visual display and/or audio commands) of the state of such various features. In some of such embodiments, the support structure may include a processor and a storage medium comprising program instructions executable by the processor for activating said means for conveying information upon receiving signal/s from the various features. For example, the support structure may include processor executable program instructions for activating said means for conveying information upon the weight sensor detecting a force that exceeds a predetermined threshold and/or upon a multiple of the contour sensors detecting contact with an object.
The term “storage medium”, as used herein, refers to any electronic medium configured to hold one or more set of program instructions, such as but not limited to a read-only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic or optical disk, or magnetic tape. The term “program instructions”, as used herein, refers to commands within software which are configured to perform a particular function. Program instructions may be implemented in any of various ways, including procedure-based techniques, component-based techniques, and/or object-oriented techniques, among others. Program instructions may be transmitted over or on a carrier medium such as a wire, cable, or wireless transmission link.
It will be appreciated to those skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure that this invention is believed to provide support structures, cabinets and methods for disinfecting objects. Further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed as illustrative only and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the general manner of carrying out the invention. It is to be understood that the forms of the invention shown and described herein are to be taken as the presently preferred embodiments. Elements and materials may be substituted for those illustrated and described herein, parts and processes may be reversed, and certain features of the invention may be utilized independently, all as would be apparent to one skilled in the art after having the benefit of this description of the invention. Changes may be made in the elements described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the following claims. The term “approximately” as used herein refers to variations of up to +/−5% of the stated number.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A moveable enclosure, comprising:

a germicidal lamp, wherein the germicidal lamp is arranged within an interior cavity of the moveable enclosure;

a support structure arranged along an interior sidewall of the interior cavity, wherein the support structure is configured for holding one or more objects; and

a loading port arranged along an exterior sidewall of the moveable enclosure, wherein dimensional configurations and arrangements of the loading port and the support structure in the moveable enclosure allow access to load one or more objects on the support structure via the loading port without providing access to affect movement of the germicidal lamp via the loading port.

2. The moveable enclosure of claim 1, wherein the support structure is arranged a distance between approximately 3 inches and approximately 12 inches from the germicidal lamp.

3. The moveable enclosure of claim 1, wherein the support structure is a shelf, a basket, or a tray.

4. The moveable enclosure of claim 1, further comprising a door to close the loading port.

5. The moveable enclosure of claim 1, wherein the germicidal lamp is configured to emit ultraviolet light and/or visible violet-blue light.

6. The moveable enclosure of claim 5, wherein the germicidal lamp is configured to emit ultraviolet light along the entire spectrum between approximately 200 nm and approximately 320 nm.

7. A cabinet, comprising:

a moveable partition for separating first and second portions of the cabinet, wherein the moveable partition is configured to block transmission of a germicide;

at least one door for access to at least the second portion of the cabinet; and

a sensor for detecting when the moveable partition is in position to separate the first and second portions of the cabinet.

8. The cabinet of claim 7, wherein the moveable partition is configured to block transmission of germicidal light.

9. The cabinet of claim 7, further comprising:

one or more additional moveable partitions for respectively separating one or more additional portions of the cabinet from the first portion of the cabinet, wherein the one or more additional moveable partitions are configured to block transmission of a germicide;

one or more additional doors for allowing separate access to the one or more additional portions of the cabinet; and

one or more additional sensors for respectively detecting when the one or more additional moveable partitions are in position to separate the one or more additional portions of the cabinet from the first portion of the cabinet.

10. The cabinet of claim 7, further comprising a germicidal dose sensor within at least the second portion of the cabinet.

11. The cabinet of claim 7, further comprising one or more support structures arranged within an interior of at least the second portion of the cabinet, wherein at least portions of the support structures facing the first portion of the cabinet are transparent to germicidal light and/or comprise through-holes, and wherein the support structures comprise shelving, one or more baskets and/or one or more trays.

12. The cabinet of claim 7, wherein one or more interior surfaces of the cabinet comprise a material exhibiting greater than 85% reflectance to at least ultraviolet light.

13. A cabinet, comprising:

an interior void dimensionally configured to accommodate a particular disinfection device, wherein the cabinet does not include an electrical outlet or a battery for supplying power to the particular disinfection device;

a door to enclose the cabinet;

one or more germicide dose sensors arranged in the interior of the cabinet;

a processor; and

a storage medium comprising program instructions which are executable by the processor for terminating operation of the particular disinfection apparatus when a signal is received from at least one of the one or more germicide dose sensors indicating that a predetermined dose of germicide is detected within the cabinet.

14. The cabinet of claim 13, further comprising one or more support structures arranged within one or more areas of the cabinet adjacent the interior void, wherein at least portions of the one or more support structures facing the interior void are transparent to germicidal light and/or comprise through-holes.

15. The cabinet of claim 13, wherein the one or more support structures comprise shelving, one or more baskets and/or one or more trays.

16. The cabinet of claim 13, further comprising one or more interior surfaces comprising a material exhibiting greater than 85% reflectance to ultraviolet light and/or visible violet-blue light.

17. A method for disinfecting objects, wherein the method comprises:

placing a first set of one or more objects into a cabinet;

placing a first disinfection device into the cabinet, wherein the first disinfection device is configured to project a germicide into an ambient of the first disinfection device;

closing the cabinet with the first disinfection device and the first set of one or more objects inside the cabinet;

remotely starting the first disinfection device to disperse the germicide within the closed cabinet;

opening the cabinet subsequent to the first disinfection device terminating dispersal of the germicide;

removing the first disinfection device and the first set of one or more objects from the cabinet;

dismantling the cabinet subsequent to said removing the first disinfection device and the first set of one or more objects from the cabinet;

reconstructing the cabinet;

placing a second set of one or more objects into the reconstructed cabinet;

placing a second disinfection device into the reconstructed cabinet;

closing the reconstructed cabinet with the second disinfection device and the second set of one or more objects inside the reconstructed cabinet; and

remotely starting the second disinfection device to disperse the germicide within the closed cabinet.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first disinfection device and the second disinfection device are the same disinfection device.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein at least one of the first and second disinfection devices is configured to be independently operational from the cabinet.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of placing the one or more objects into the cabinet comprises placing the one or more objects on one or more shelves arranged in the cabinet, placing the one or more object on one or more trays arranged in the cabinet and/or placing the one or more objects in one or more baskets arranged within a cabinet, wherein the one or more shelves, the one or more trays and/or the one or more baskets are transparent to germicidal light and/or comprise through holes.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of placing the one or more objects into the cabinet comprises:

placing the one or more objects on one or more trays, on one or more shelves and/or in one or more baskets, wherein the one or more trays, one or more shelves and/or one or more baskets are transparent to germicidal light and/or comprise through holes; and

subsequently placing the one or more trays, the one or more shelves and/or the one or more baskets in the cabinet.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of placing the one or more objects into the cabinet comprises wheeling at least one of the one or more objects into the cabinet.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one of the one or more objects comprises wheels.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one of the one or more objects is supported on a free-standing rack comprising wheels.