US20210196834A1 - Anti-sez6 antibody drug conjugates and methods of use - Google Patents

Anti-sez6 antibody drug conjugates and methods of use Download PDF

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US20210196834A1
US20210196834A1 US16/904,463 US201916904463A US2021196834A1 US 20210196834 A1 US20210196834 A1 US 20210196834A1 US 201916904463 A US201916904463 A US 201916904463A US 2021196834 A1 US2021196834 A1 US 2021196834A1
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antibody
sez6
adc
calicheamicin
hsez6
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David Liu
Julia Gavrilyuk
Alexander SCHAMMEL
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AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A61K47/6807—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug or compound being a sugar, nucleoside, nucleotide, nucleic acid, e.g. RNA antisense
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6801—Drug-antibody or immunoglobulin conjugates defined by the pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/6803—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates
    • A61K47/6807—Drugs conjugated to an antibody or immunoglobulin, e.g. cisplatin-antibody conjugates the drug or compound being a sugar, nucleoside, nucleotide, nucleic acid, e.g. RNA antisense
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6849—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a receptor, a cell surface antigen or a cell surface determinant
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    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6851—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell
    • A61K47/6857—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell the tumour determinant being from lung cancer cell
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies

Definitions

  • the present application pertains to a novel anti-SEZ6 antibody drug conjugate, components thereof and compositions comprising the same for the treatment, diagnosis or prophylaxis of cancer and any recurrence or metastasis thereof.
  • Differentiation and proliferation of stem cells and progenitor cells are normal ongoing processes that act in concert to support tissue growth during organogenesis, cell repair and cell replacement.
  • the system is tightly regulated to ensure that only appropriate signals are generated based on the needs of the organism.
  • Cell proliferation and differentiation normally occur only as necessary for the replacement of damaged or dying cells or for growth.
  • disruption of these processes can be triggered by many factors including the under- or overabundance of various signaling chemicals, the presence of altered microenvironments, genetic mutations or a combination thereof.
  • Disruption of normal cellular proliferation and/or differentiation can lead to various disorders including proliferative diseases such as cancer.
  • the present invention provides an antibody drug conjugate, or compositions thereof, which specifically binds to human SEZ6 determinants.
  • the SEZ6 determinant is a SEZ6 protein expressed on tumor cells while in other embodiments the SEZ6 determinant is expressed on tumor initiating cells.
  • the SEZ6 antibody drug conjugate will comprise:
  • Ab comprises an anti-SEZ6 antibody having a heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:3 and a light chain of SEQ ID NO:4 and wherein n is 2.
  • this antibody drug conjugate shall be termed “hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1” unless otherwise indicated.
  • the present invention comprises an antibody comprising a heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:3 and a light chain of SEQ ID NO:4.
  • the invention comprises a nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain (SEQ ID NO:3) or light chain (SEQ ID NO:4) of the anti-SEZ6 antibody of the invention or a fragment thereof.
  • the invention comprises a vector comprising one or more of the above described nucleic acids or a host cell comprising said nucleic acids or vectors.
  • the invention comprises a calicheamicin drug linker, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, comprising the structure set forth in Formula II.
  • compositions comprising an anti-SEZ6 ADC as disclosed herein.
  • the compositions will comprise a selected drug-antibody ratio (DAR) where the predominant ADC species (e.g., comprising 2 calicheamicin warheads) comprises greater than about 50%, greater than about 60%, greater than about 70%, greater than about 80%, greater than about 90% or greater than about 95% of the species present.
  • DAR drug-antibody ratio
  • the predominant ADC species e.g., comprising 2 calicheamicin warheads
  • the drug loading of the predominant species will be 2.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a method of treating cancer comprising administering an antibody drug conjugate or a pharmaceutical composition such as those described herein to a subject in need thereof.
  • the subject will be suffering from lung cancer and, in selected embodiments, small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
  • SCLC small cell lung cancer
  • the disclosed ADC will comprise a safety margin (derived as described herein) greater than 6.
  • the safety margin will be greater than 7 and in yet other embodiments the safety margin will be greater than 8 or greater than 9. In still other embodiments the safety margin will be about 10.
  • the invention comprises a method of reducing tumor initiating cells in a tumor cell population, wherein the method comprises contacting (e.g. in vitro or in vivo) a tumor initiating cell population with an antibody drug conjugate as described herein whereby the frequency of the tumor initiating cells is reduced.
  • the invention comprises a method of delivering a cytotoxin to a cell comprising contacting the cell with the disclosed antibody drug conjugate.
  • the present invention also provides kits or devices and associated methods that are useful in the treatment of lung cancer.
  • the present invention preferably provides an article of manufacture useful for treating lung cancer comprising a receptacle containing the SEZ6 ADC and instructional materials for using the ADC to treat lung cancer (e.g., small cell lung cancer) or provide a dosing regimen for the same.
  • the disclosed kits will comprise instructions, labels, inserts, readers or the like indicating that the kit or device is used for the treatment of lung cancer or provide a dosing regimen for the same.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1;
  • FIG. 2 provides binding curves demonstrating that a SEZ6 antibody comprising the S60N mutation has an affinity profile that is substantially the same as a SEZ6 antibody without the S60N mutation;
  • FIG. 3 demonstrates that the disclosed SEZ6 ADCs effectively kill cells expressing hSEZ6 in a dose dependent manner while not depleting na ⁇ ve control cells that do not express hSEZ6;
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B depict the ability of the disclosed SEZ6 ADCs to retard small cell lung cancer tumor growth in immunocompromised mice implanted with the SCLC LU 95 ( FIG. 4A ) and SCLC LU 149 ( FIG. 4B ); and
  • FIGS. 5A-5D demonstrate that SCLC tumors are particularly susceptible to treatment with ADCs comprising a non-cleavable calicheamicin linker drug wherein FIGS. 5A and 5B show, respectively, relative expression levels of SEZ6 and a positive control antigen in various tumor cell lines, FIG. 5C shows that a PBD toxin uniformly kills different type of cancer cells and FIG. 5D shows that calicheamicin is particularly active in killing SCLC cells.
  • the present invention provides novel anti-SEZ6 ADCs and components thereof (including the hSEZ6-1.ss1 antibody and the calicheamicin drug linker of Formula II) comprising a site-specific anti-SEZ6 antibody targeting agent and calicheamicin cytotoxic payload.
  • novel anti-SEZ6 ADCs and components thereof including the hSEZ6-1.ss1 antibody and the calicheamicin drug linker of Formula II
  • the disclosed anti-SEZ6 ADC is particularly efficacious in suppressing tumor growth when compared with other anti-SEZ6 ADCs.
  • the ability to effectively reduce or eliminate tumor and/or cancer stem cells through use of the SEZ6 ADC disclosed herein is due to the relative lack of off-site toxicity which allows for increased dosing. This, in turn provides for higher calicheamicin levels at the tumor site than other calicheamicin ADCs and results in increased cell killing. As shown in the appended Examples the increased toxin concentration at the tumor-site provides for extended tumor suppression in immunocompromised mice.
  • the SEZ6 ADC disclosed herein will likely exhibit a favorable therapeutic index and may be used in the treatment and/or prevention of selected proliferative disorders such as small cell lung cancer or progression or recurrence thereof.
  • SCLC is bronchogenic in origin, arising in part from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (Galluzzo and Bocchetta, 2011; PMID: 21504320).
  • SEZ6 may be an exemplar, may therefore offer a unique therapeutic target for tumors with the neuroendocrine phenotype.
  • SEZ6 expression is associated with various tumorigenic cell subpopulations in a manner which renders them susceptible to treatment as set forth herein.
  • the invention provides hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1 which may be particularly useful for targeting tumorigenic cells thereby facilitating the treatment, management and/or prevention of cancer.
  • the present invention allows for more effective treatment of cancer by inhibiting tumorigenesis, tumor maintenance and/or metastasis and recurrence. It will further be appreciated that the same characteristics of the disclosed antibodies make them particularly effective at treating recurrent tumors which have proved resistant or refractory to standard treatment regimens.
  • Methods that can be used to assess a reduction in the frequency of tumorigenic cells include, but are not limited to, cytometric or immunohistochemical analysis, preferably by in vitro or in vivo limiting dilution analysis (Dylla et al. 2008, PMID: PMC2413402 and Hoey et al. 2009, PMID: 19664991).
  • the ability of the antibodies of the current invention to reduce the frequency of tumorigenic cells can therefore be determined using the techniques and markers known in the art.
  • the anti-SEZ6 ADCs may reduce the frequency of tumorigenic cells by 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% or even by 35%.
  • the reduction in frequency of tumorigenic cells may be in the order of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% or 65%.
  • the disclosed compounds may reduce the frequency of tumorigenic cells by 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or even 95%. It will be appreciated that any reduction of the frequency of tumorigenic cells is likely to result in a corresponding reduction in the tumorigenicity, persistence, recurrence and aggressiveness of the neoplasia.
  • Antibodies and variants and derivatives thereof including accepted nomenclature and numbering systems, have been extensively described, for example, in Abbas et al. (2010), Cellular and Molecular Immunology (6 th Ed.), W.B. Saunders Company; or Murphey et al. (2011), Janeway's Immunobiology (8 th Ed.), Garland Science.
  • an “antibody” or “intact antibody” typically refers to a Y-shaped tetrameric protein comprising two heavy (H) and two light (L) polypeptide chains held together by covalent disulfide bonds and non-covalent interactions. Each light chain is composed of one variable domain (VL) and one constant domain (CL). Each heavy chain comprises one variable domain (VH) and a constant region, which in the case of IgG, IgA, and IgD antibodies, comprises three domains termed CH1, CH2, and CH3 (IgM and IgE have a fourth domain, CH4).
  • the CH1 and CH2 domains are separated by a flexible hinge region, which is a proline and cysteine rich segment of variable length (from about 10 to about 60 amino acids in various IgG subclasses).
  • the variable domains in both the light and heavy chains are joined to the constant domains by a “J” region of about 12 or more amino acids and the heavy chain also has a “D” region of about 10 additional amino acids.
  • Each class of antibody further comprises inter-chain and intra-chain disulfide bonds formed by paired cysteine residues.
  • antibody specifically includes humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibodies comprising kappa ( ⁇ ) light chains.
  • variable domains of antibodies show considerable variation in amino acid composition from one antibody to another and are primarily responsible for antigen recognition and binding. Variable regions of each light/heavy chain pair form the antibody binding site such that an intact IgG antibody has two binding sites (i.e. it is bivalent). VH and VL domains comprise three regions of extreme variability, which are termed hypervariable regions, or more commonly, complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), framed and separated by four less variable regions known as framework regions (FRs). Non-covalent association between the VH and the VL region forms the Fv fragment (for “fragment variable”) which contains one of the two antigen-binding sites of the antibody.
  • CDRs complementarity-determining regions
  • FRs framework regions
  • variable region residue numbering is typically as set forth in Chothia or Kabat. Amino acid residues which comprise CDRs as defined by Kabat, Chothia, MacCallum (also known as Contact) and AbM as obtained from the Abysis website database (infra.) are set out below in Table 1. Note that MacCallum uses the Chothia numbering system.
  • Variable regions and CDRs in an antibody sequence can be identified according to general rules that have been developed in the art (e.g., as set forth above) or by aligning the sequences against a database of known variable regions. Methods for identifying these regions are described in Kontermann and Dubel, eds., Antibody Engineering, Springer, New York, N.Y., 2001 and Dinarello et al., Current Protocols in Immunology, John Wiley and Sons Inc., Hoboken, N.J., 2000. Exemplary databases of antibody sequences are described in, and can be accessed through, the “Abysis” website at www.bioinf.org.uk/abs (maintained by A. C.
  • sequences are analyzed using the Abysis database, which integrates sequence data from Kabat, IMGT and the Protein Data Bank (PDB) with structural data from the PDB. See Dr. Andrew C. R. Martin's book chapter Protein Sequence and Structure Analysis of Antibody Variable Domains. In: Antibody Engineering Lab Manual (Ed.: Duebel, S. and Kontermann, R., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, ISBN-13: 978-3540413547, also available on the website bioinforg.uk/abs).
  • the Abysis database website further includes general rules that have been developed for identifying CDRs which can be used in accordance with the teachings herein. Unless otherwise indicated, all CDRs set forth herein are derived according to the Abysis database website as per Kabat et al.
  • the heavy and light chain constant region sequences of the hSEZ6-1.ss1 antibody have been engineered as disclosed herein to provide unpaired cysteines. These constant regions are then operably associated with the disclosed heavy and light chain variable regions using standard molecular biology techniques to provide the full-length antibody chains that are incorporated in the disclosed hSEZ6-1.ss1.
  • the humanized antibody hSEZ6-1.ss1 is produced as set forth in Examples 1 and 2 appended hereto and the resulting amino acid sequences of the full length heavy chain and full length light chain are set forth immediately below as SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:4.
  • the heavy chain of the humanized antibody comprises a S60N mutation designed to inactivate a glycosylation site and a C220S mutation (numbered according to the EU index of Kabat) that provides the free cysteine on the light chain. Note that in the heavy chain the S60N and the C220S mutations are underlined while the resulting free cysteine at position 214 is underlined in the light chain. The variable region of both chains is depicted in bold type.
  • the SEZ6 antibody component of the instant invention has been engineered to facilitate efficient conjugation of the calicheamicin toxin.
  • antibody drug conjugate (ADC) preparations of the invention comprise a relatively homogenous population of ADC molecules both in terms of the position of the cytotoxin on the antibody and the drug to antibody ratio (DAR).
  • DAR drug to antibody ratio
  • site-specific engineered construct comprising SEQ ID NOS:3 and 4.
  • a “site-specific antibody” or “site-specific construct” means an antibody wherein at least one amino acid in either the heavy or light chain is deleted, altered or substituted (preferably with another amino acid) to provide at least one free cysteine.
  • a “site-specific conjugate” shall be held to mean an ADC comprising a site-specific antibody and at least one cytotoxin conjugated to the unpaired or free cysteine(s).
  • the cysteine at position 220 of the heavy chain (Eu numbering of Kabat) has been mutated to a serine thereby disrupting the disulfide bridge that naturally forms with the terminal cysteine at position 214 of the kappa light chain constant region. This renders the cysteine at position 214 a free or unpaired cysteine in accordance with the teachings herein that is then conjugated to the disclosed calicheamicin drug linker.
  • free cysteine or “unpaired cysteine” may be used interchangeably unless otherwise dictated by context and shall mean a cysteine (or thiol containing) constituent (e.g., a cysteine residue) of an antibody, whether naturally present or specifically incorporated in a selected residue position using molecular engineering techniques, that is not part of a naturally occurring (or “native”) disulfide bond under physiological conditions.
  • the free cysteine may comprise a naturally occurring cysteine whose native interchain or intrachain disulfide bridge partner has been substituted, eliminated or otherwise altered to disrupt the naturally occurring disulfide bridge under physiological conditions thereby rendering the unpaired cysteine suitable for site-specific conjugation.
  • free or unpaired cysteines may be present as a thiol (reduced cysteine), as a capped cysteine (oxidized) or as part of a non-native intra- or intermolecular disulfide bond (oxidized) with another cysteine or thiol group on the same or different molecule depending on the oxidation state of the system.
  • mild reduction of the appropriately engineered antibody construct will provide thiols available for site-specific conjugation.
  • the free or unpaired cysteines will be subject to selective reduction and subsequent conjugation to provide homogenous DAR compositions. No longer “free” or “unpaired” such residue positions may be termed “engineered sites of conjugation” once they are covalently bound to the drug linker.
  • Antibodies and fragments thereof may be produced or modified using genetic material obtained from antibody producing cells and recombinant technology (see, for example; Dubel and Reichert (Eds.) (2014) Handbook of Therapeutic Antibodies, 2 nd Edition, Wiley-Blackwell GmbH; Sambrook and Russell (Eds.) (2000) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (3 rd Ed.), NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; Ausubel et al. (2002) Short Protocols in Molecular Biology: A Compendium of Methods from Current Protocols in Molecular Biology , Wiley, John & Sons, Inc.; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,709,611).
  • nucleic acid molecules that encode the antibody of the invention.
  • the nucleic acids may be present in whole cells, in a cell lysate, or in a partially purified or substantially pure form.
  • a nucleic acid is “isolated” or rendered substantially pure when separated from other cellular components or other contaminants, e.g., other cellular nucleic acids or proteins, by standard techniques, including alkaline/SDS treatment, CsCl banding, column chromatography, agarose gel electrophoresis and others well known in the art.
  • a nucleic acid of the invention can be, for example, DNA (e.g.
  • genomic DNA e.g., genomic DNA, cDNA), RNA and artificial variants thereof (e.g., peptide nucleic acids), whether single-stranded or double-stranded or RNA, RNA and may or may not contain introns.
  • the nucleic acid is a cDNA molecule.
  • Nucleic acids of the invention can be obtained using standard molecular biology techniques.
  • cDNAs encoding the light and heavy chains of the antibody can be obtained by standard PCR amplification or cDNA cloning techniques.
  • nucleic acid molecules encoding the antibody can be recovered from the library.
  • DNA fragments encoding VH and VL segments can be further manipulated by standard recombinant DNA techniques, for example to convert the variable region genes to full-length antibody chain genes, to Fab fragment genes or to a scFv gene.
  • a VL- or VH-encoding DNA fragment is operably linked to another DNA fragment encoding another protein, such as an antibody constant region or a flexible linker.
  • the term “operably linked”, as used in this context, means that the two DNA fragments are joined such that the amino acid sequences encoded by the two DNA fragments remain in-frame.
  • the isolated DNA encoding the VH region can be converted to a full-length heavy chain gene by operably linking the VH-encoding DNA to another DNA molecule encoding heavy chain constant regions (CH1, CH2 and CH3 in the case of IgG1).
  • the sequences of human heavy chain constant region genes are known in the art (see e.g., Kabat, et al. (1991) (supra)) and DNA fragments encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard PCR amplification.
  • Isolated DNA encoding the VL region can be converted to a full-length light chain gene by operably linking the VL-encoding DNA to another DNA molecule encoding the light chain constant region, CL.
  • the sequences of human light chain constant region genes are known in the art (see e.g., Kabat, et al. (1991) (supra)) and DNA fragments encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard PCR amplification.
  • the light chain constant region can be a kappa or lambda constant region, but most preferably is a kappa constant region.
  • VH or VL domains may be operably linked to their respective constant regions (CH or CL) where the constant regions are site-specific constant regions and provide a site-specific antibody.
  • the resulting site-specific antibody will comprise two unpaired cysteines in the CL domain.
  • cell lines that stably express the selected antibody may be engineered using standard art recognized techniques and form part of the invention.
  • host cells can be transformed with DNA controlled by appropriate expression control elements (e.g., promoter or enhancer sequences, transcription terminators, polyadenylation sites, etc.), and a selectable marker.
  • appropriate expression control elements e.g., promoter or enhancer sequences, transcription terminators, polyadenylation sites, etc.
  • selectable marker e.g., promoter or enhancer sequences, transcription terminators, polyadenylation sites, etc.
  • Any of the selection systems well known in the art may be used, including the glutamine synthetase gene expression system (the GS system) which provides an efficient approach for enhancing expression under selected conditions.
  • the GS system is discussed in whole or part in connection with EP 0 216 846, EP 0 256 055, EP 0 323 997 and EP 0 338 841 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,591,639 and 5,879,936.
  • Another compatible expression system for the development of stable cell lines is the FreedomTM CHO-S Kit (Life Technologies).
  • an antibody of the invention may be purified or isolated by methods known in the art in that it is identified and separated and/or recovered from its natural environment and separated from contaminants that would interfere with diagnostic or therapeutic uses for the antibody or related ADC.
  • Isolated antibodies include antibodies in situ within recombinant cells.
  • isolated preparations may be purified using various art-recognized techniques, such as, for example, ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography, dialysis, diafiltration, and affinity chromatography, particularly Protein A or Protein G affinity chromatography.
  • conjugate is used broadly and means the covalent association of a calicheamicin with the antibody of the instant invention. Herein the association is effected through cysteine residues at position 214 of the light chain constant regions.
  • the ADCs of the instant invention may be used to selectively deliver predetermined calicheamicin warheads to tumorigenic cells and/or cells expressing SEZ6.
  • drug or “warhead” may be used interchangeably and will mean a calicheamicin molecule.
  • a “payload” comprises the calicheamicin in combination with a non-cleavable linker compound that provides a stable pharmaceutical complex until the ADC reaches the target.
  • Formula II (set forth above) is an exemplary payload with a calicheamicin warhead.
  • the disclosed ADC will direct the bound payload (e.g., Formula II) to the target site in a relatively unreactive, non-toxic state before releasing and activating the calicheamicin toxin.
  • This targeted release of the warhead is preferably achieved through stable conjugation of the payloads and relatively homogeneous composition of the ADC preparations which minimize over-conjugated toxic ADC species.
  • the conjugates of the instant invention can substantially reduce undesirable non-specific toxicity. This advantageously provides for relatively high levels of the active cytotoxin at the tumor site while minimizing exposure of non-targeted cells and tissue thereby providing enhanced efficacy.
  • the conjugate of the instant invention may be generally represented by Formula III:
  • Ab comprises an anti-SEZ6 antibody having a heavy chain of SEQ ID NO:3 and a light chain of SEQ ID NO:4;
  • [L-D] comprises the linker drug of Formula II covalently attached to Ab
  • n 2.
  • the instant invention comprises selective conjugation of the calicheamicin payload to free cysteines using stabilization agents in combination with mild reducing agents as described herein.
  • Such reaction conditions tend to provide more homogeneous preparations with less non-specific conjugation and contaminants and correspondingly less toxicity.
  • the antibodies of the invention are conjugated to a calicheamicin toxin. That is, the disclosed SEZ6 ADC of the invention may comprise the formula Ab-[L-D]n (Formula III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein D is calicheamicin or analog thereof in any of the molecular structures provided herein.
  • calicheamicins are a class of enediyne antitumor antibiotics derived from the bacterium Micromonospora echinospora , including calicheamicin ⁇ 1 I , calicheamicin ⁇ 1 Br , calicheamicin ⁇ 1 Br , calicheamicin ⁇ 2 I , calicheamicin ⁇ 3 I , calicheamicin ⁇ 1 i and calicheamicin ⁇ 1 i were isolated and characterized.
  • calicheamicin analogs are well known in the art (e.g., see Lee et al., Journal of Antibiotics, July 1989 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and are compatible with the calicheamicin drug linker constructs and antibody drug conjugates disclosed herein.
  • calicheamicin ⁇ 1 contains two distinct structural regions, each playing a specific role in the compound's biological activity.
  • the larger of the two consists of an extended sugar residue, comprising four monosaccharide units and one hexasubstituted benzene ring; these are joined together through a highly unusual series of glycosidic, thioester, and hydroxylamine linkages.
  • the second structural region, the aglycon (known as calicheamicinone), contains a compact, highly functionalized bicyclic core, housing a strained enediyne unit within a bridging 10-member ring.
  • This aglycon subunit further comprises an allylic trisulfide which, as described below, functions as an activator to generate the cytotoxic form of the molecule.
  • calicheamicin shall be held to mean any one of calicheamicin ⁇ 1 I , calicheamicin ⁇ 1 Br , calicheamicin ⁇ 1 Br , calicheamicin ⁇ 2 I , calicheamicin ⁇ 3 I , calicheamicin ⁇ 1 i and calicheamicin ⁇ 1 i along with N-acetyl derivatives, sulfide analogs and analogs thereof.
  • calicheamicin will be understood to encompass any calicheamicin found in nature as well as calicheamicin molecules with a disulfide moiety having a point of attachment to another molecule (e.g., an antibody drug conjugate) and analogs thereof.
  • calicheamicin ⁇ I is to be understood to be construed as comprising the following molecules:
  • R 1 is defined as below.
  • the calicheamicin component of the disclosed antibody drug conjugates will comprise N-acetyl Calicheamicin ⁇ 1 I (N-Ac calicheamicin).
  • Calicheamicins target nucleic acids and cause strand scission thereby killing the target cell. More specifically, calicheamicins have been found to bind the minor groove of DNA, where they then undergo a reaction analogous to Bergman cyclization to generate a diradical species.
  • the aryl tetrasaccharide subunit serves to deliver the drug to its target, tightly binding to the minor groove of double helical DNA as demonstrated by Crothers et al. (1999).
  • a nucleophile e.g. glutathione
  • D expressly comprises any member of the class of calicheamicin as known in the art wherein the terminal —S—S—S—CH 3 moiety may be replaced with —S—Si , wherein the symbol represents the point of attachment to a linker.
  • D is of the Formula V
  • R 1 is hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —CF 3 , —CCl 3 , —CBr 3 , —CI 3 , —CN, —C(O)R 1E , —NR 1A R 1C , —C(O)OR 1A , —C(O)NR 1B R 1C , —SR 1D , —SO n1 R 1B or —SO v1 NR 1B R 1C .
  • R 1 will comprise H.
  • R 1 will comprise —C(O)CH 3 .
  • R 1A , R 1B , R 1C , R 1D and R 1E are independently hydrogen, halogen, —CF 3 , —CCl 3 , —CBr 3 , —CI 3 , —OH, —NH 2 , —COOH, —CONH 2 , —N(O) 2 , —SH, —S(O) 3 H, —S(O) 4 H, —S(O) 2 NH 2 , —NHNH 2 , —ONH 2 , —NHC(O)NHNH 2 , —NHC(O)NH 2 , —NHS(O) 2 H, —NHC(O)H, —NHC(O)—OH, —NHOH, —OCF 3 , —OCCl 3 , —OCBr 3 , —OCI 3 , —OCHF 2 , —OCHCl 2 , —OCHBr 2 , —OCHI 2 , substitute
  • R 1B and R 1C substituents bonded to the same nitrogen atom may optionally be joined to form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
  • the symbol n1 is independently an integer from 0 to 4, the symbol v1 is independently 1 or 2 and the symbol represents the point of attachment to a linker.
  • the illustrated compound comprises a disulfide calicheamicin analog (e.g., an N-acetyl calicheamicin analog such as shown in Formula II) preferably bound to a disulfide protective group (at the point of attachment represented by ) that is covalently bound to the remainder of the linker.
  • the disulfide protective group improves stability of the disulfide bond in the bloodstream and allows for effective synthesis of the disclosed calicheamicin-linker constructs.
  • the calicheamicin disulfide group is preferably protected by a short chain substituted or unsubstituted bifunctional aliphatic or aryl group (“disulfide protective group”) that provides stability (e.g., plasma stability) until the ADC reaches the target cell. More specifically the configuration of the disulfide protective group provides a degree of steric hindrance for the disulfide bond thereby reducing its susceptibility to cleavage via thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. In this position the disulfide protective group covalently links the calicheamicin disulfide group with the remainder of the non-cleavable linker.
  • disulfide protective group a short chain substituted or unsubstituted bifunctional aliphatic or aryl group that provides stability (e.g., plasma stability) until the ADC reaches the target cell. More specifically the configuration of the disulfide protective group provides a degree of steric hindrance for the disulfide bond thereby
  • the linker Upon reaching the target (e.g., a cancer cell) the linker will preferably be severed or degraded to release the calicheamicin attached to part of the linker through the disulfide protective group.
  • the linker Upon reaching the target (e.g., a cancer cell) the linker will preferably be severed or degraded to release the calicheamicin attached to part of the linker through the disulfide protective group.
  • the disulfide protective group i.e. distal from the calicheamicin
  • the remainder of the linker attached to the calicheamicin will be degraded under physiological conditions to the point where the disulfide bond is severed (preferably intracellularly) followed by rearrangement and formation of the active biradical calicheamicin species.
  • payloads compatible with the instant invention comprise one or more warheads and a non-cleavable linker associating the warheads with the antibody targeting agent.
  • Compatible non-cleavable linkers covalently bind with the reactive residue on the antibody (preferably a cysteine or lysine) and calicheamicin through the disulfide moiety.
  • the linker will comprise selected non-cleavable linkers.
  • the ADCs will comprise compatible non-cleavable linkers containing amide linked polyethylene glycol or alkyl spacers that liberate the calicheamicin payload during lysosomal degradation of the ADC within the target cell.
  • a particularly compatible non-cleavable linker used in Formula II is shown immediately below in Formula VII wherein the wavy line indicates the point of attachment to the disulfide group of the calicheamicin.
  • cysteine residues will be deprotonated to generate a thiolate nucleophile which may be reacted with soft electrophiles such as maleimides and iodoacetamides.
  • soft electrophiles such as maleimides and iodoacetamides.
  • reagents for such conjugations may react directly with a cysteine thiol to form the conjugated protein or with a linker drug to form a linker drug intermediate.
  • linker In the case of a linker, several routes, employing organic chemistry reactions, conditions, and reagents are known to those skilled in the art, including: (1) reaction of a cysteine group of the protein of the invention with a linker reagent, to form a protein-linker intermediate, via a covalent bond, followed by reaction with an activated compound; and (2) reaction of a nucleophilic group of a compound with a linker reagent, to form a drug linker intermediate, via a covalent bond, followed by reaction with a cysteine group of a protein of the invention.
  • antibodies Prior to conjugation, antibodies may be made reactive for conjugation with linker reagents by treatment with a reducing agent such as dithiothreitol (DTT) or (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP).
  • a reducing agent such as dithiothreitol (DTT) or (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP).
  • additional nucleophilic groups can be introduced into antibodies through the reaction of lysines with reagents, including but not limited to, 2-iminothiolane (Traut's reagent), SATA, SATP or SAT(PEG)4, resulting in conversion of an amine into a thiol.
  • Conjugation reagents commonly include maleimide, haloacetyl, iodoacetamide succinimidyl ester, isothiocyanate, sulfonyl chloride, 2,6-dichlorotriazinyl, pentafluorophenyl ester, and phosphoramidite, although other functional groups can also be used.
  • methods include, for example, the use of maleimides, iodoacetimides or haloacetyl/alkyl halides, aziridine, acryloyl derivatives to react with the thiol of a cysteine to produce a thioether that is reactive with a compound.
  • Disulphide exchange of a free thiol with an activated piridyldisulphide is also useful for producing a conjugate (e.g., use of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic (TNB) acid).
  • a maleimide is used.
  • site-specific antibodies or engineered antibodies allow for conjugate preparations that exhibit enhanced stability and substantial homogeneity due, at least in part, to the provision of engineered free cysteine site(s) and/or the novel conjugation procedures set forth herein.
  • the present invention additionally provides for the selective reduction of certain prepared free cysteine sites and attachment of the drug linker to the same.
  • the conjugation specificity promoted by the engineered sites and the selective reduction allows for a high percentage of site directed conjugation at the desired positions.
  • efficient conjugation rates may be obtained which considerably reduces unwanted high-DAR contaminants and non-specific toxicity.
  • the engineered constructs and disclosed novel conjugation methods comprising selective reduction provide ADC preparations having improved pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics and, potentially, an improved therapeutic index.
  • site-specific constructs present free cysteine(s) which, when reduced, comprise thiol groups that are nucleophilic and capable of reacting to form covalent bonds with electrophilic groups on linker moieties such as those disclosed above.
  • antibodies of the instant invention preferably have reducible unpaired interchain cysteines, i.e. cysteines providing such nucleophilic groups.
  • the reaction of free sulfhydryl groups of the reduced free cysteines and the terminal maleimido or haloacetamide groups of compatible drug linkers will provide the desired conjugation.
  • free cysteines of the antibodies may be made reactive for conjugation with linker reagents by treatment with a reducing agent such as dithiothreitol (DTT) or (tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP).
  • DTT dithiothreitol
  • TCEP tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine
  • the free cysteines of engineered antibodies may be selectively reduced to provide enhanced site-directed conjugation and a reduction in unwanted, potentially toxic contaminants.
  • More specifically “stabilizing agents” such as arginine have been found to modulate intra- and inter-molecular interactions in proteins and may be used, in conjunction with selected reducing agents (preferably relatively mild), to selectively reduce the free cysteines and to facilitate site-specific conjugation as set forth herein.
  • selected reducing agents preferably relatively mild
  • this selective reduction may be effected by the use of certain reducing agents or certain reducing agent concentrations.
  • selective reduction of an engineered construct will comprise the use of stabilization agents in combination with reducing agents (including mild reducing agents).
  • stabilization agents e.g., arginine
  • the term “selective conjugation” shall mean the conjugation of an engineered antibody that has been selectively reduced in the presence of a cytotoxin as described herein.
  • stabilizing agents e.g., arginine
  • compatible antibody constructs and selective conjugation techniques and reagents are extensively disclosed in WO2015/031698 which is incorporated herein specifically as to such methodology and constructs.
  • such stabilizing agents may act to modulate the electrostatic microenvironment and/or modulate conformational changes at the desired conjugation site, thereby allowing relatively mild reducing agents (which do not materially reduce intact native disulfide bonds) to facilitate conjugation at the desired free cysteine site(s).
  • Such agents e.g., certain amino acids
  • Such agents are known to form salt bridges (via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions) and can modulate protein-protein interactions in such a way as to impart a stabilizing effect that may cause favorable conformational changes and/or reduce unfavorable protein-protein interactions.
  • such agents may act to inhibit the formation of undesired intramolecular (and intermolecular) cysteine-cysteine bonds after reduction thus facilitating the desired conjugation reaction wherein the engineered site-specific cysteine is bound to the drug (preferably via a linker). Since selective reduction conditions do not provide for the significant reduction of intact native disulfide bonds, the subsequent conjugation reaction is naturally driven to the relatively few reactive thiols on the free cysteines (e.g., preferably 2 free thiols per antibody). As previously alluded to, such techniques may be used to considerably reduce levels of non-specific conjugation and corresponding unwanted DAR species in conjugate preparations fabricated in accordance with the instant disclosure.
  • stabilizing agents compatible with the present invention will generally comprise compounds with at least one moiety having a basic pKa.
  • the moiety will comprise a primary amine while in other embodiments the amine moiety will comprise a secondary amine.
  • the amine moiety will comprise a tertiary amine or a guanidinium group.
  • the amine moiety will comprise an amino acid while in other compatible embodiments the amine moiety will comprise an amino acid side chain.
  • the amine moiety will comprise a proteinogenic amino acid.
  • the amine moiety comprises a non-proteinogenic amino acid.
  • compatible stabilizing agents may comprise arginine, lysine, proline and cysteine. In certain preferred embodiments the stabilizing agent will comprise arginine. In addition, compatible stabilizing agents may include guanidine and nitrogen containing heterocycles with basic pKa.
  • compatible stabilizing agents comprise compounds with at least one amine moiety having a pKa of greater than about 7.5, in other embodiments the subject amine moiety will have a pKa of greater than about 8.0, in yet other embodiments the amine moiety will have a pKa greater than about 8.5 and in still other embodiments the stabilizing agent will comprise an amine moiety having a pKa of greater than about 9.0.
  • Other embodiments will comprise stabilizing agents where the amine moiety will have a pKa of greater than about 9.5 while certain other embodiments will comprise stabilizing agents exhibiting at least one amine moiety having a pKa of greater than about 10.0.
  • the stabilizing agent will comprise a compound having the amine moiety with a pKa of greater than about 10.5, in other embodiments the stabilizing agent will comprise a compound having an amine moiety with a pKa greater than about 11.0, while in still other embodiments the stabilizing agent will comprise an amine moiety with a pKa greater than about 11.5. In yet other embodiments the stabilizing agent will comprise a compound having an amine moiety with a pKa greater than about 12.0, while in still other embodiments the stabilizing agent will comprise an amine moiety with a pKa greater than about 12.5. Those of skill in the art will understand that relevant pKa's may readily be calculated or determined using standard techniques and used to determine the applicability of using a selected compound as a stabilizing agent.
  • the disclosed stabilizing agents are shown to be particularly effective at targeting conjugation to free site-specific cysteines when combined with certain reducing agents.
  • compatible reducing agents may include any compound that produces a reduced free site-specific cysteine for conjugation without significantly disrupting the native disulfide bonds of the engineered antibody.
  • the activated drug linker is largely limited to binding to the desired free site-specific cysteine site(s). Relatively mild reducing agents or reducing agents used at relatively low concentrations to provide mild conditions are particularly preferred.
  • the terms “mild reducing agent” or “mild reducing conditions” shall be held to mean any agent or state brought about by a reducing agent (optionally in the presence of stabilizing agents) that provides thiols at the free cysteine site(s) without substantially disrupting native disulfide bonds present in the engineered antibody. That is, mild reducing agents or conditions (preferably in combination with a stabilizing agent) are able to effectively reduce free cysteine(s) (provide a thiol) without significantly disrupting the protein's native disulfide bonds.
  • the desired reducing conditions may be provided by a number of sulfhydryl-based compounds that establish the appropriate environment for selective conjugation.
  • mild reducing agents may comprise compounds having one or more free thiols while in some embodiments mild reducing agents will comprise compounds having a single free thiol.
  • Non-limiting examples of reducing agents compatible with the selective reduction techniques of the instant invention comprise glutathione, n-acetyl cysteine, cysteine, 2-aminoethane-1-thiol and 2-hydroxyethane-1-thiol.
  • engineered antibodies capable of conjugation may contain free cysteine residues that comprise sulfhydryl groups that are blocked or capped as the antibody is produced or stored. Such caps include small molecules, proteins, peptides, ions and other materials that interact with the sulfhydryl group and prevent or inhibit conjugate formation.
  • the unconjugated engineered antibody may comprise free cysteines that bind other free cysteines on the same or different antibodies. As discussed herein such cross-reactivity may lead to various contaminants during the fabrication procedure.
  • the engineered antibodies may require uncapping prior to a conjugation reaction.
  • antibodies herein are uncapped and display a free sulfhydryl group capable of conjugation.
  • antibodies herein are subjected to an uncapping reaction that does not disturb or rearrange the naturally occurring disulfide bonds. It will be appreciated that in most cases the uncapping reactions will occur during the normal reduction reactions (reduction or selective reduction).
  • conjugation and purification methodology compatible with the present invention advantageously provides the ability to generate relatively homogeneous ADC preparations comprising a narrow DAR distribution.
  • the disclosed constructs e.g., site-specific constructs
  • selective conjugation provides for homogeneity of the ADC species within a sample in terms of the stoichiometric ratio between the drug and the engineered antibody and with respect to the toxin location.
  • drug to antibody ratio or “DAR” refers to the molar ratio of drug to antibody in an ADC preparation.
  • a conjugate preparation may be substantially homogeneous with respect to its DAR distribution, meaning that within the ADC preparation is a predominant species of site-specific ADC with a particular drug loading (e.g., a drug loading of 2) that is also uniform with respect to the site of loading (i.e., on the free cysteines).
  • a particular drug loading e.g., a drug loading of 2
  • the desired homogeneity may be achieved through the use of site-specific constructs in combination with selective reduction.
  • compatible preparations may be purified using analytical or preparative chromatography techniques to provide the desired homogeneity.
  • the homogeneity of the ADC sample can be analyzed using various techniques known in the art including but not limited to mass spectrometry, HPLC (e.g. size exclusion HPLC, RP-HPLC, HIC-HPLC etc.) or capillary electrophoresis.
  • HPLC e.g. size exclusion HPLC, RP-HPLC, HIC-HPLC etc.
  • capillary electrophoresis e.g. size exclusion HPLC, RP-HPLC, HIC-HPLC etc.
  • liquid chromatography methods such as reverse phase (RP) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) may separate compounds in the mixture by drug loading value.
  • RP reverse phase
  • HIC hydrophobic interaction chromatography
  • IEC ion-exchange
  • MMC mixed-mode chromatography
  • the disclosed ADCs and preparations thereof may comprise drug and antibody moieties in various stoichiometric molar ratios depending on the configuration of the antibody and, at least in part, on the method used to effect conjugation.
  • the drug loading per ADC may comprise 2 calicheamicin warheads.
  • compositions of the invention actually comprise a mixture of conjugates with a range of drug compounds.
  • the disclosed ADC compositions include mixtures of conjugates where most of the constituent antibodies are covalently linked to one or more drug moieties and (despite the relative conjugate specificity provided by engineered constructs and selective reduction) where the drug moieties may be attached to the antibody by various thiol groups. That is, following conjugation, compositions of the invention will comprise a mixture of ADCs with different drug loads at various concentrations (along with certain reaction contaminants primarily caused by free cysteine cross reactivity).
  • the conjugate compositions may be driven to the point where they largely contain a single predominant desired ADC species (e.g., with a drug loading of 2) with relatively low levels of other ADC species (e.g., with a drug loading of 1, 4, 6, etc.).
  • the average DAR value represents the weighted average of drug loading for the composition as a whole (i.e., all the ADC species taken together).
  • acceptable DAR values or specifications are often presented as an average, a range or distribution (i.e., an average DAR of 2+/ ⁇ 0.5).
  • compositions comprising a measured average DAR within the range i.e., 1.5 to 2.5
  • the present invention will comprise compositions having an average DAR of 2+/ ⁇ 0.5. In other embodiments the present invention will comprise an average DAR of 2+/ ⁇ 0.4 or a DAR of 2+/ ⁇ 0.3 or a DAR of 2+/ ⁇ 0.2.
  • IgG1 conjugate compositions will preferably comprise a composition with relatively low levels (i.e., less than 30%) of non-predominant ADC species (e.g., ADCs with a drug loading of 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, etc.). In some embodiments the ADC composition will comprise an average DAR of 2+/ ⁇ 0.4 with relatively low levels ( ⁇ 30%) of non-predominant ADC species.
  • the ADC composition will comprise an average DAR of 2+/ ⁇ 0.3 with relatively low levels ( ⁇ 30%) of non-predominant ADC species.
  • the predominant ADC species e.g., with a drug loading of 2
  • the distribution of drugs per antibody in preparations of ADC from conjugation reactions may be characterized by conventional means such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry, reverse phase HPLC, HIC, mass spectroscopy, ELISA, and electrophoresis.
  • the quantitative distribution of ADC in terms of drugs per antibody may also be determined.
  • the antibodies or ADCs of the invention can be formulated in various ways using art recognized techniques.
  • the therapeutic compositions of the invention can be administered neat or with a minimum of additional components while others may optionally be formulated to contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carriers comprise excipients, vehicles, adjuvants and diluents that are well known in the art.
  • the particular dosage regimen i.e., dose, timing and repetition, will depend on the particular individual, as well as empirical considerations such as pharmacokinetics (e.g., half-life, clearance rate, etc.). Determination of the frequency of administration may be made by persons skilled in the art, such as an attending physician based on considerations of the condition and severity of the condition being treated, age and general state of health of the subject being treated and the like. Frequency of administration may be adjusted over the course of therapy based on assessment of the efficacy of the selected composition and the dosing regimen. Such assessment can be made on the basis of markers of the specific disease, disorder or condition.
  • these include direct measurements of tumor size via palpation or visual observation; indirect measurement of tumor size by x-ray or other imaging techniques; an improvement as assessed by direct tumor biopsy and microscopic examination of a tumor sample; the measurement of an indirect tumor marker or an antigen identified according to art-recognized techniques; reduction in the number of proliferative or tumorigenic cells, maintenance of the reduction of such neoplastic cells; reduction of the proliferation of neoplastic cells; or delay in the development of metastasis.
  • the invention provides for the use of an ADC of the invention for the treatment of various neoplastic disorders.
  • the diseases to be treated are neoplastic conditions comprising solid tumors.
  • the ADC of the invention will be used to treat tumors or tumorigenic cells expressing a SEZ6 determinant.
  • the disclosed ADC will be used to treat a subject suffering from small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
  • SCLC small cell lung cancer
  • the “subject” or “patient” to be treated will be human although, as used herein, the terms are expressly held to comprise any mammalian species.
  • the ADC can be administered to small cell lung cancer patients exhibiting limited stage disease or extensive stage disease.
  • the disclosed ADC will be administered to refractory patients (i.e., those whose disease recurs during or shortly after completing a course of initial therapy); sensitive patients (i.e., those whose relapse is longer than 2-3 months after primary therapy); or patients exhibiting resistance to a platinum based agent (e.g. carboplatin, cisplatin, oxaliplatin) and/or a taxane (e.g. docetaxel, paclitaxel, larotaxel or cabazitaxel).
  • the SEZ6 ADC of the instant invention may be administered to frontline patients.
  • the SEZ6 ADC of the instant invention may be administered to second line patients.
  • the SEZ6 ADC of the instant invention may be administered to third line patients or to fourth line patients.
  • the invention includes pharmaceutical packs and kits comprising one or more containers or receptacles, wherein a container can comprise one or more doses of the ADC of the invention.
  • the pack or kit contains a unit dosage, meaning a predetermined amount of a composition comprising, for example, the ADC of the invention, with or without one or more additional agents and optionally, one or more anti-cancer agents.
  • kits When the components of the kit are provided in one or more liquid solutions, aqueous or non-aqueous though typically an aqueous solution is preferred, with a sterile aqueous solution being particularly preferred.
  • the formulation in the kit can also be provided as dried powder(s) or in lyophilized form that can be reconstituted upon addition of an appropriate liquid.
  • the liquid used for reconstitution can be contained in a separate container.
  • Such liquids can comprise sterile, pharmaceutically acceptable buffer(s) or other diluent(s) such as bacteriostatic water for injection.
  • the kit comprises the ADC of the invention in combination with additional therapeutics or agents, the solution may be pre-mixed, either in a molar equivalent combination, or with one component in excess of the other.
  • the ADC of the invention and any optional anti-cancer agent or other agent can be maintained separately within distinct containers prior to administration to a patient.
  • kits, incorporating compositions of the invention will comprise a label, marker, package insert, bar code and/or reader indicating that the kit contents may be used for the treatment of cancer.
  • the kit may comprise a label, marker, package insert, bar code and/or reader indicating that the kit contents may be administered in accordance with a certain dosage or dosing regimen to treat a subject suffering from cancer.
  • the label, marker, package insert, bar code and/or reader indicates that the kit contents may be used for the treatment of small cell lung cancer or a dosing regimen for treatment of the same.
  • Suitable containers or receptacles include, for example, bottles, vials, syringes, infusion bags (i.v. bags), etc.
  • the containers can be formed from a variety of materials such as glass or pharmaceutically compatible plastics.
  • the receptacle(s) can comprise a sterile access port.
  • the container may be an intravenous solution bag or a vial having a stopper that can be pierced by a hypodermic injection needle.
  • the kit can contain a means by which to administer the ADC and any optional components to a patient, e.g., one or more needles or syringes (pre-filled or empty), or other such like apparatus, from which the formulation may be injected or introduced into the subject or applied to a diseased area of the body.
  • the kits of the invention will also typically include a means for containing the vials, or such like, and other components in close confinement for commercial sale, such as, e.g., blow-molded plastic containers into which the desired vials and other apparatus are placed and retained.
  • Seizure protein 6 homolog isoform 1 precursor (NP_849191) 2 Seizure protein 6 homolog isoform 2 precursor (NP_001092105) 3 hSEZ6-1.ss1 heavy chain protein sequence 4 hSEZ6-1.ss1 light chain protein sequence 5 Nucleic acid sequence encoding hSEZ6-1.ss1 heavy chain protein sequence including introns 6 Nucleic acid sequence encoding hSEZ6-1.ss1 light chain protein sequence
  • SEZ6 murine antibodies were produced in accordance with the teachings herein through inoculation with human SEZ6-Fc.
  • three strains of mice were used to generate high affinity, murine, monoclonal antibody modulators that can be used to associate with and/or inhibit the action of human SEZ6 (e.g., NP_849191: Seizure protein 6 homolog isoform 1 precursor; NP 001092105: Seizure protein 6 homolog isoform 2 precursor) for the prevention and/or treatment of various proliferative disorders.
  • NP_849191 Seizure protein 6 homolog isoform 1 precursor
  • NP 001092105 Seizure protein 6 homolog isoform 2 precursor
  • Balb/c, CD-1 and FVB mouse strains were immunized with human recombinant SEZ6-Fc and used to produce Hybridomas.
  • the SEZ6-Fc antigen was purified from supernatant from CHO-S cells over expressing a SEZ6-Fc construct. 10 ⁇ g of SEZ6-Fc immunogen was used for the first immunization, followed by 5 ⁇ g and 2.5 ⁇ g of SEZ6-Fc immunogen for the subsequent three immunizations and five immunizations, respectively. All immunizations were performed with the immunogen emulsified with an equal volume of TITERMAX® Gold (CytRx Corporation) or alum adjuvant. Murine antibodies were generated by immunizing six female mice (two each of: Balb/c, CD-1, FVB) via footpad route for all injections.
  • Solid-phase ELISA assays were used to screen mouse sera for mouse IgG antibodies specific for human SEZ6. A positive signal above background was indicative of antibodies specific for SEZ6. Briefly, 96 well plates (VWR International, Cat. #610744) were coated with recombinant SEZ6-His at 0.5 ⁇ g/ml in ELISA coating buffer overnight. After washing with PBS containing 0.02% (v/v) Tween 20, the wells were blocked with 3% (w/v) BSA in PBS, 200 ⁇ L/well for 1 hour at room temperature (RT).
  • Mouse serum was titrated (1:100, 1:200, 1:400, and 1:800) and added to the SEZ6 coated plates at 50 ⁇ L/well and incubated at RT for 1 hour. The plates are washed and then incubated with 50 ⁇ L/well HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG diluted 1:10,000 in 3% BSA-PBS or 2% FCS in PBS for 1 hour at RT. Again the plates were washed and 40 ⁇ L/well of a TMB substrate solution (Thermo Scientific 34028) was added for 15 minutes at RT. After developing, an equal volume of 2N H 2 SO 4 was added to stop substrate development and the plates were analyzed by spectrophotometer at OD 450.
  • TMB substrate solution Thermo Scientific 34028
  • Sera-positive immunized mice were sacrificed and draining lymph nodes (popliteal and inguinal, and medial iliac if enlarged) were dissected out and used as a source for antibody producing cells.
  • a single cell suspension of B cells (228.9 ⁇ 10 6 cells) was fused with non-secreting P3x63Ag8.653 myeloma cells (ATCC #CRL-1580) at a ratio of 1:1 by electrofusion. Electrofusion was performed using the BTX HybrimmuneTM System, (BTX Harvard Apparatus) as per the manufacturer's directions.
  • the cells were resuspended in hybridoma selection medium supplemented with Azaserine (Sigma #A9666), high glucose DMEM medium with sodium pyruvate (Cellgro cat #15-017-CM) containing 15% Fetal Clone I serum (Hyclone), 10% BM Condimed (Roche Applied Sciences), 4 mM L-glutamine, 100 IU Penicillin-Streptomycin and 50 ⁇ M 2-mercaptoethanol and then plated in three T225 flasks in 90 mL selection medium per flask. The flasks were then placed in a humidified 37° C. incubator containing 5% CO 2 and 95% air for 6-7 days.
  • the library consisting of the cells grown in bulk in the T225s was plated at 1 cell per well in Falcon 96 well U-bottom plates using the Aria I cell sorter.
  • the selected hybridomas were then grown in 200 ⁇ L of culture medium containing 15% Fetal Clone I serum (Hyclone), 10% BM-Condimed (Roche Applied Sciences), 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 4 mM L-glutamine, 100 IU Penicillin-Streptomycin, 50 ⁇ M 2-mercaptoethanol, and 100 ⁇ M hypoxanthine Any remaining unused hybridoma library cells were frozen for future library testing. After ten to eleven days of growth supernatants from each well of the plated cells were assayed for antibodies reactive for SEZ6 by ELISA and FACS assays.
  • Selected growth positive hybridoma wells secreting murine immunoglobulin were also screened for human SEZ6 specificity and cynomolgus, rat and murine SEZ6 cross reactivity using a flow cytometry based assay with 293 cells engineered to over-express the selected species specific antigen.
  • ELISA and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that purified antibody from most or all of these hybridomas bound SEZ6 in a concentration-dependent manner.
  • Wells containing immunoglobulin that bound SEZ6 GFP cells were transferred and expanded.
  • the resulting clonal hybridomas were cryopreserved in CS-10 freezing medium (Biolife Solutions) and stored in liquid nitrogen.
  • One fusion was performed and seeded in 48 plates (4608 wells at approximately 40% cloning efficiency).
  • the initial screen yielded sixty-three murine antibodies that associated with human SEZ6.
  • a second screen was subsequently performed and yielded 134 antibodies that associated with human SEZ6.
  • Example 1 An antibody from Example 1 was chosen for further processing and humanization.
  • RNA from the hybridoma expressing the selected antibody was isolated, amplified and sequenced using standard art-recognized techniques. From the nucleotide sequence information, data regarding V, D and J gene segments of the heavy and light chains of subject murine antibodies were obtained. The V-(D)-J sequences were aligned with mouse Ig germ line sequences and acceptor human variable framework regions were selected based on their highest sequence homology to the subject mouse framework sequence and its canonical structure for CDR grafting. The resulting genetic arrangement for the humanized variable regions of the antibody are shown in Table 3A immediately below.
  • the engineered variable regions were then used to generate a human IgG1/kappa anti-SEZ6 site-specific antibody comprising a native kappa light chain (LC) constant region and a heavy chain (HC) constant region mutated to provide an unpaired cysteine.
  • cysteine 220 (C220) in the upper hinge region of the HC was substituted with serine (C220S) to provide the hSEZ6-1.ss1 antibody.
  • the HC and LC form an antibody comprising two free cysteines at the c-terminal ends of the light chain constant regions (e.g., C214) that are suitable for conjugation to a therapeutic agent.
  • all numbering of constant region residues is in accordance with the EU numbering scheme as set forth in Kabat et al.
  • a VH nucleic acid was cloned onto an expression vector containing a C220S mutated HC constant region.
  • Resulting vectors encoding the mutant C220S HC were co-transfected in CHO-S cells with a vector encoding the selected light chain variable region operably associated with a wild-type IgG1 kappa LC and expressed using a mammalian transient expression system.
  • hSEZ6-1.ss1 The resulting humanized antibody with these mutations was termed hSEZ6-1.ss1.
  • substantial equivalency of hSEZ6-1.ss1 to the parental humanized antibody and murine source antibody was confirmed as to affinity.
  • the amino acid sequence of the full-length hSEZ6-1.ss1 site-specific antibody heavy chain is SEQ ID NO:3, having the variable region mutation site S60N and constant region mutation site C220S.
  • the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable region is shown below as SEQ ID NO:7, having the S60N mutation underlined.
  • SEQ ID NO: 7 EVQLVQSGAEVKKPGESLKISCKGSGYSFTSSWINWVRQMPGKGLEWMG RIYPGEGDTNY N GNFEGQVTISADKSISTAYLQWSSLKASDTAMYYCTR GLVMDYWGQGTLVTVSS
  • SEQ ID NO:8 The amino acid sequence of the full-length hSEZ6-1.ss1 site-specific antibody light chain is SEQ ID NO:4, having the toxin conjugation residue at C214.
  • the amino acid sequence of the light chain variable region is shown below as SEQ ID NO:8
  • Step 1 tert-butyl [34-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-4,32-dioxo-7,10,13,16,19, 22,25,28-octaoxa-3,31-diazatetratriacontan-1-yl]carbamate
  • Step 3 4- ⁇ [(2E)-2- ⁇ (1R,4Z,8S)-8-( ⁇ (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-( ⁇ (2S,4S,5S)-5-[acetyl(ethyl)amino]-4-methoxyoxan-2-yl ⁇ oxy)-5-[( ⁇ (2S,4S,5S,6R)-5-[(4- ⁇ [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy ⁇ -3-iodo-5,6-dimethoxy-2-methylbenzoyl)sulfanyl]-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl ⁇ oxy)amino]-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl ⁇ oxy)-1-hydroxy-10-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]-11-oxobicyclo[7.3.1]trideca-4,
  • N-Acetyl calicheamicin ⁇ 1 (0.2 g, 0.142 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in acetonitrile (30 mL), and the resultant solution was chilled to ⁇ 15° C.
  • 4-Mercapto-4-methylpentanoic acid (0.420 mL, 2.837 mmol, 20 eq) was dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and added slowly to the cooled solution of N-acetyl calicheamicin ⁇ 1.
  • Triethylamine (0.377 mL, 2.837 mmol, 20 eq) was added to the reaction mixture, and then the reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to room temperature over 3-18 hours.
  • N-Acetyl calicheamicin acid (Step 3, 100 mg, 0.068 mmol, 1 eq) was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (3.4 mL) and cooled to 0° C.
  • N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (176 ⁇ L, 1.01 mmol, 15 eq)
  • (1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy)dimethylamino-morpholino-carbenium hexafluorophosphate (COMU, 43 mg, 0.1 mmol, 1.5 eq) were then sequentially added.
  • MS Waters® Acuity® Ultra SQ Detector ESI, Scan range 120-2040 Da.
  • Mobile phase A 0.1% formic acid in water.
  • Mobile phase B 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile.
  • Mobile phase A 0.1% formic acid in water.
  • Mobile phase B 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile.
  • Mobile phase A 0.1% formic acid in water.
  • Mobile phase B 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile.
  • Mobile phase A 0.1% formic acid in water.
  • Mobile phase B 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile.
  • Anti-hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADCs were prepared according to the teachings herein for further in vitro and in vivo testing.
  • hSEZ6-1.ss1 from Example 2 was conjugated to a non-cleavable calicheamicin drug linker (Formula II prepared as in Example 3) via a terminal maleimido moiety with a free sulfhydryl group to create the disclosed SEZ6 ADC which is termed hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1 herein.
  • three control SEZ6 ADCs were fabricated by conjugating hSEZ6-1.ss1 to the same calicheamicin payloads but comprising cleavable linkers (ADC2, ADC3 and ADC4).
  • the control ADCs were made comprising hSEZ6-1.ss1 without the S6ON mutation.
  • the site-specific humanized SEZ6 ADC (hSEZ6-1.ss1) was conjugated using a modified partial reduction process.
  • the desired product is an ADC that is maximally conjugated on the unpaired cysteine (C214) on each LC constant region and that minimizes ADCs having a drug loading which is greater than 2 while maximizing ADCs having a drug loading of 2.
  • the antibodies were selectively reduced using a process comprising a stabilizing agent (e.g. L-arginine) and a mild reducing agent (e.g. glutathione) prior to conjugation with the linker drug, followed by a diafiltration and formulation step.
  • a stabilizing agent e.g. L-arginine
  • a mild reducing agent e.g. glutathione
  • each antibody was partially reduced in a buffer containing 1M L-arginine/5 mM EDTA with a pre-determined concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), pH 8.0 for a minimum of 20 hours at room temperature. All preparations were then buffer exchanged into a 20 mM Tris/3.2 mM EDTA, pH 7.0 buffer using a 30 kDa membrane (Millipore Amicon Ultra) to remove the reducing buffer. The resulting partially reduced preparations were then conjugated to the respective calicheamicin drug linker via a maleimide group for a minimum of 60 mins. at room temperature. The pH was then adjusted to 6.0 with the addition of 0.5 M acetic acid. Preparations of the ADCs were buffer exchanged into diafiltration buffer by diafiltration using a 30 kDa membrane. The dialfiltered SEZ6 ADC was then formulated with sucrose and polysorbate-20 to the target final concentration.
  • GSH reduced glutathione
  • the resulting formulation was then analyzed for protein concentration (by measuring UV), aggregation (SEC), drug to antibody ratio (DAR) by reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and activity (in vitro cytotoxicity). It was then frozen and stored until use.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic representation of hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1 is presented in FIG. 1 appended hereto.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the S60N mutation and removal of the glycosylation site in the heavy chain variable region does not materially alter the binding properties of hSEZ6-1.ss1 antibodies when compared with the parent antibody lacking the mutation.
  • the affinity measurements shown in Table 4 demonstrate that the introduced mutation does not adversely impact the binding of the antibody used in the disclosed ADC. As such, the potentially destabilizing position may be modified without compromising the pharmaceutical effectiveness of the molecule.
  • anti-SEZ6 ADCs of the invention can efficiently mediate the delivery of conjugated cytotoxic agents to live cells.
  • an in vitro cell killing assay was performed using the anti-SEZ6 ADCs produced in Example 4 above.
  • HEK293T cells overexpressing hSEZ6 or na ⁇ ve HEK293T cells were plated at 500 cells per well into BD Tissue Culture plates (BD Biosciences). One day later, various concentrations of purified ADC conjugated to calicheamicin were added to the cultures. The cells were incubated for 96 hours. After the incubation viable cells were enumerated using CellTiterGlo® (Promega) as per the manufacturer's instructions. Raw luminescence counts using cultures containing non-treated cells were set as 100% reference values and all other counts were calculated as a percentage of the reference value.
  • FIG. 3 shows that all hSEZ6 expressing cells treated were much more sensitive to the anti-SEZ6 ADCs as compared to the na ⁇ ve HET293T cells, demonstrating the specificity of the ADCs to the SEZ6 antigen.
  • PK Pharmacokinetics
  • hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1, hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC2, and hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC3 were evaluated in NOD SCID mice.
  • the ADCs were each co-administered with 10 mg/kg unconjugated HuIgG1 antibody in order to saturate the Fc ⁇ R-mediated clearance and provide suitable ADC exposure.
  • Serum samples were collected at 5 min, 4, 24, 72, 120, 168, 216, and 336 hours after each dose, and total antibody (TAb) and ADC concentrations were assessed by MSD immunoassay.
  • Example 8 hSEZ6-1.ss1 Antibody Drug Conjugates Suppress Tumor Growth In Vivo
  • ellipsoid volume a ⁇ b 2 /2, where a is the long diameter, and b is the short diameter of an ellipse).
  • Mice (5 per group) were treated with identical single doses of either vehicle (5% glucose in sterile water), or HuIgG1- or SEZ6-ADC preparations via an intraperitoneal injection (100 ⁇ L volume).
  • SEZ6-ADC was co-administered with 10 mg/kg naked, HuIgG1 antibody in order to linearize the pharmacokinetics.
  • SEM standard error of the mean
  • Non-cleavable linker ADC1 had similar or greater efficacy compared to cleavable linker ADC2 while cleavable linker ADC3 had greater efficacy compared to ADC1 at 2 mg/kg.
  • hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1 and hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC3 can achieve durable responses for 50 days or longer in SCLC PDX.
  • the response was SEZ6-ADC specific, as there was no response observed following treatment with non-binding ADCs (HuIgG1) conjugated to the same calicheamicin drug linkers (data not shown).
  • hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1 hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1
  • hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC2 and hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC3 comprise an identical targeted mAb (hSEZ6-1.ss1) and warhead (N-acetyl gamma calicheamicin), with differences in the linker drug attachment.
  • hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1 is unique in that it comprises a non-cleavable linker as compared to the other cathepsin B-susceptible di-peptide based linker drugs.
  • the SEZ6 ADCs were evaluated in four discrete high-expressing SEZ6 SCLC mouse PDX models (LU64, LU86, LU95 and LU149), and in an exploratory repeat-dose toxicity study in cynomolgus monkeys.
  • a semi-mechanistic PK/PD model based on untreated tumor growth and SEZ6 ADC-treated tumor response data in mouse was used to predict the tumor-static concentrations (TSC) that correspond to an ADC concentration resulting in tumor stasis in patients.
  • TSC tumor-static concentrations
  • human PK was simulated based on cynomolgus monkey PK data. Predictions of human PK were then used to estimate the dose required to achieve a plasma trough concentration at the dose interval in patients that is equivalent to the TSC.
  • Safety margins were estimated by comparing the ADC exposures at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in cynomolgus monkey with the exposure at the predicted human efficacious dose. This analysis was repeated for each lung PDX models evaluated (LU64, LU86, LU95 and LU149).
  • Table 5 provides the predicted safety margin for each of the SEZ6 ADCs. Based on this analysis, hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1 was predicted to be more tolerable than the other SEZ6 ADCs (hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC2, hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC3) conjugated to the same payload but with cleavable linkers. This analysis predicted a safety margin of approximately 10 for hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1 which is considerably higher than the two constructs with cleavable linkers.
  • Example 10 hSEZ6-1.ss1 ADC1 is Particularly Active in SCLC
  • toxin specific assays were conducted using various tumor xenograft cell lines. Initially SCLC, BR, CR, GA, NSCLC and PA PDX cell lines were interrogated via microarray analysis to determine the respective expression level of SEZ6 antigen ( FIG. 5A ) and CD46, a known positive control antigen ( FIG. 5B ). The microarray analysis was conducted using the Affymetrix ClariomD assay on purified RNA samples derived from human PDX. A review of FIGS.
  • 5A and 5B shows that, while SEZ6 expression is upregulated in SCLC tumors compared to other tumor types, the positive antigen control CD46 exhibited consistently high mRNA expression levels across the panel of patient derived xenografts (PDX). Accordingly, the CD46 antigen was used as a surrogate ADC target to gauge the impact of the disclosed novel calicheamicin drug linker (Formula II) on various tumor types.
  • a humanized CD46 antibody (U.S. Pat. No. 10,017,565 B2) was conjugated to the calicheamicin drug linker set forth herein or to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) drug linker control.
  • the ADCs were generated substantially as set forth in Example 4 above. Following preparation, the CD46 ADCs were frozen and stored until use.
  • PDX cells were inoculated into the flank of NOD-SCID mice.
  • PBD ADC preparations were introduced as a single 1.6 mg/kg dose ( FIG. 5C ) while the calicheamicin ADC preparations were administered as a single 8 mg/kg dose for all tumor types other than the SCLC PDX ( FIG. 5D ).
  • the calicheamicin ADC preparation was administered as a 2 mg/kg or a 4 mg/kg dose ( FIG. 5D ).
  • the tumors were then monitored for changes compared to non-targeting ADC preparation with the same warhead.
  • dTTP Delta Time to Tumor progression
  • the PBD ADC preparations provided a relatively uniform tumor response regardless of the PDX tumor type.
  • susceptibility of the SCLC PDX to killing by the PBD toxin was largely equivalent to that of the other tumor cell lines.
  • the SCLC PDX cell lines proved far more susceptible to killing by the calicheamicin ADCs than the other PDX cell lines ( FIG. 5D ). More specifically, after a single, 8 mg/kg dose of the calicheamicin ADC the majority of patient derived xenografts from BR, CR, GA and NSCLC tumors exhibited minimal to no response.
  • pancreatic tumors There was a mixture of responses in pancreatic tumors but even the pancreatic tumors showed minimal responses ( ⁇ 25 days dTTP) in the majority of cell lines tested.
  • the lower 2 mg/kg (black circles) or 4 mg/kg (white circles) doses of the calicheamicin ADC consistently reduced SCLC tumor growth substantially more than higher doses of the calicheamicin ADC achieved on other PDX tumors.
  • the majority of the SCLC tumors exhibited growth delays of greater than 40 days as compared to a nontargeting antibody carrying the same warhead (data not shown).
  • Ab comprises an anti-SEZ6 antibody having a heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 and a light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 and wherein n is 2.
  • Ab comprises an anti-SEZ6 antibody having a heavy chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:3 and a light chain sequence of SEQ ID NO:4 and wherein n is 2.

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