US20200360365A1 - Substituted halo-quinoline derivates for use in the treatment of lymphomas and leukemia - Google Patents

Substituted halo-quinoline derivates for use in the treatment of lymphomas and leukemia Download PDF

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US20200360365A1
US20200360365A1 US16/959,950 US201916959950A US2020360365A1 US 20200360365 A1 US20200360365 A1 US 20200360365A1 US 201916959950 A US201916959950 A US 201916959950A US 2020360365 A1 US2020360365 A1 US 2020360365A1
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quinolin
amine
methoxyphenyl
compound
chloro
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Thierry Passeron
Rachid Benhida
Pascal DAO
Gian Marco De Donatis
Anthony Martin
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale INSERM
Universite Cote dAzur
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Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale INSERM
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Assigned to INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE reassignment INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA SANTE ET DE LA RECHERCHE MEDICALE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DE DONATIS, Gian Marco, VERHOEYEN, ELS
Assigned to Université Côte d'Azur reassignment Université Côte d'Azur ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PASSERON, THIERRY
Assigned to CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE reassignment CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BENHIDA, Rachid, DAO, Pascal, MARTIN, ANTHONY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/38—Nitrogen atoms
    • C07D215/42—Nitrogen atoms attached in position 4
    • C07D215/44—Nitrogen atoms attached in position 4 with aryl radicals attached to said nitrogen atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4706—4-Aminoquinolines; 8-Aminoquinolines, e.g. chloroquine, primaquine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
    • A61K39/3955—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2818—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against CD28 or CD152
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2827—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86

Definitions

  • the invention relates to substituted halo-quinoline derivatives which are active for the treatment of lymphomas and leukemia.
  • the instant invention provides NIK inhibitors that are useful for the treatment of lymphomas and leukemia. They decrease EZH2 at the transcriptional level and induce the production of an IFN- ⁇ response by the treated cells. These NIK inhibitors reduce the size of subcutaneous tumors without showing any specific toxicity, and when combined with anti-PD1 treatment lead to a dramatic reduction in tumor size with complete regression in some cases. Those effects are associated with a marked increase in the numbers and activation of type M1 macrophages, dendritic cells, Natural killer cells and T-cells within the treated tumors.
  • the invention relates to compounds of general formula (I):
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 and n have the meanings indicated below, for use in the treatment of a disease selected from lymphomas and leukemia, and to pharmaceutical compositions for use in the treatment of a disease selected from lymphomas and leukemia, containing such compounds.
  • these NIK inhibitors were shown to inhibit the non-canonical pathway and the development of lymphoma's in vitro (B cell lymphoma results) and for inhibiting lymphoma development in vivo.
  • the invention relates more particularly to compounds of general formula (I):
  • the free bond on the phenyl group means that the phenyl may be substituted in the ortho, meta or para position and when n is 2, in two of the ortho, meta or para positions.
  • Halo means fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
  • a preferred Halo group for R 1 is fluoro or chloro, and more preferably chloro.
  • a preferred halo group for R 2 is chloro.
  • compounds for use according to the invention are of general formula (2):
  • R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and n are as defined in general formula (I).
  • compounds for use according to the invention are of general formula (3):
  • R 1 , R 5 , R 6 and n are as defined in general formula (I) and X is a Halo chosen from Cl, F, Br and I. Preferably X is chloro.
  • compounds for use according to the invention are of general formula (3):
  • R 1 , R 5 , R 6 and n are as defined in general formula (I) and X is a Halo chosen from Cl, F, Br and I, and with the proviso that R 5 is not H.
  • X is chloro.
  • R 1 is selected from methyl (CH 3 ), fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), hydroxy (OH), methoxy (OCH 3 ), CF 3 , OCF 3 , OCF 2 H and O(CH 2 ) 2 OCH 3 , and when n is 2 then the substituents R 1 are identical or different.
  • the two R 1 form with the phenyl group at the meta and para positions a dioxolane group or a 1,4 dioxane group.
  • R 3 is H and R 4 is a phenyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups, identical or different, selected from OH, OCH 3 and Halo, Halo being preferably chloro.
  • R 3 and R 4 together form a (CH 2 ) 2 O(CH 2 ) 2 chain, that is to say that NR 3 R 4 forms a morpholino group.
  • compound (I) is selected from:
  • compound (I) is selected from:
  • compound (I) is selected from:
  • the halo group for R 2 is chloro (Cl).
  • the compounds of general formula (I) are more particularly the following:
  • the compounds of formula (I), their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or derived forms (optical isomers, tautomers, solvates or isotopic variations thereof), are valuable pharmaceutically active compounds suitable for the therapy and prophylaxis of lymphomas and/or leukemia.
  • these compounds are useful for the therapy and prophylaxis of tumors of the lymphocyte lineages, for example B and T cell related leukemia (ALL/CLL).
  • the compounds of general formula (I) may be administered alone or in combination. They may also be administered in combination with one or more other drugs.
  • excipient or “carrier” is used herein to describe any ingredient other than the compound(s) of the invention.
  • carrier is used herein to describe any ingredient other than the compound(s) of the invention.
  • excipient will to a large extent depend on factors such as the particular mode of administration, the effect of the excipient on solubility and stability, and the nature of the dosage form.
  • compositions suitable for the delivery of compounds of the present invention and methods for their preparation will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Such compositions and methods for their preparation may be found, for example, in ‘Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences’, 19th Edition (Mack Publishing Company, 1995).
  • Another aspect of the invention is thus a pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of a disease selected from lymphomas and leukemia comprising a compound of general formula (I) as defined above and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition for use as defined above may additionally comprise:
  • the pharmaceutical composition for use as defined above may additionally comprise an anti-PD-L1 antibody.
  • immunomodulatory compound refers to a compound that modulates one or more of the components (e.g., immune cells, or subcellular factors, genes regulating immune components, cytokines, chemokines or such molecules) of a host's immune system.
  • components e.g., immune cells, or subcellular factors, genes regulating immune components, cytokines, chemokines or such molecules
  • the immunomodulatory compound is an immunostimulatory agent.
  • Immunomodulatory agents may include, but are not limited to, small molecules, peptides, polypeptides, fusion proteins, antibodies.
  • Immunomodulatory antibodies are a promising class of anti-cancer therapies, due to their ability to promote a broad and sustained anti-cancer immune response in cancer patients.
  • the additional therapeutic agent(s) may also be (a) compound(s) of the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, derived forms or compositions thereof, or one or more compounds known in the art for the treatment of lymphomas and leukemia.
  • the additional therapeutic agent will be selected from a different class of therapeutic agents than those of the compounds of formula (I).
  • Suitable examples of other therapeutic agents which may be used in combination with the compound(s) of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derived forms thereof, include, but are by no means limited to:
  • the invention more particularly relates to a pharmaceutical composition as defined above, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment of a disease selected from lymphomas and leukemia.
  • two or more pharmaceutical compositions may conveniently be combined in the form of a kit suitable for co-administration of the compositions.
  • the kit of the invention comprises two or more separate pharmaceutical compositions, at least one of which contains a compound of formula (I) in accordance with the invention, and means for separately retaining said compositions, such as a container, divided bottle, or divided foil packet.
  • a container, divided bottle, or divided foil packet An example of such a kit is the familiar blister pack used for the packaging of tablets, capsules and the like.
  • the kit of the invention is particularly suitable for administering different dosage forms, for example parenteral, for administering the separate compositions at different dosage intervals, or for titrating the separate compositions against one another.
  • the kit typically comprises directions for administration and may be provided with a so-called memory aid.
  • the compounds of the formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, derived forms or compositions thereof can also be used as a combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents to be co-administered to a patient to obtain some particularly desired therapeutic end result in the treatment of lymphomas or leukemia.
  • the compounds of the invention are administered to patients at metastatic stage suffering from lymphomas or leukemia.
  • the terms “co-administration”, “co-administered” and “in combination with”, referring to the compounds of formula (I) and one or more other therapeutic agents is intended to mean, and does refer to and include the following: simultaneous administration of such combination of compound(s) of formula (I) and therapeutic agent(s) to a patient in need of treatment, when such components are formulated together into a single dosage form which releases said components at substantially the same time to said patient, substantially simultaneous administration of such combination of compound(s) of formula (I) and therapeutic agent(s) to a patient in need of treatment, when such components are formulated apart from each other into separate dosage forms which are taken at substantially the same time by said patient, whereupon said components are released at substantially the same time to said patient, sequential administration of such combination compound(s) of formula (I) and therapeutic agent(s) to a patient in need of treatment, when such components are formulated apart from each other into separate dosage forms which are taken at consecutive times by said patient with a significant time interval between each administration, whereupon said components
  • Compounds of the invention may be administered as crystalline or amorphous products. They may be obtained, for example, as solid plugs, powders, or films by methods such as precipitation, crystallization, freeze-drying, spray drying, or evaporative drying. Microwave or radio frequency drying may be used for this purpose.
  • the compounds of the invention may be administered by any suitable route.
  • a compound of the invention may be formulated as a pharmaceutical composition for oral, buccal, intranasal, parenteral (e. g. intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous), topical or rectal administration or in a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation.
  • parenteral e. g. intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous
  • topical or rectal administration or in a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may take the form of, for example, a tablet or capsule prepared by conventional means with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient such as a binding agent (e. g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulo se); filler (e. g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium phosphate); lubricant (e. g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrant (e. g., potato starch or sodium starch glycolate); or wetting agent (e. g., sodium lauryl sulphate).
  • a binding agent e. g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulo se
  • filler e. g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium phosphate
  • lubricant e. g., magnesium stearate, talc or
  • Liquid preparations for oral administration may take the form of a, for example, solution, syrup or suspension, or they may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
  • Such liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with a pharmaceutically acceptable additive such as a suspending agent (e. g., sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose or hydrogenated edible fats); emulsifying agent (e. g., lecithin or acacia); non-aqueous vehicle (e. g., almond oil, oily esters or ethyl alcohol); and preservative (e. g., methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid).
  • a suspending agent e. g., sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose or hydrogenated edible fats
  • emulsifying agent e. g., lecithin or acacia
  • non-aqueous vehicle e. g., almond oil, oily est
  • the composition may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
  • a compound of the present invention may also be formulated for sustained delivery according to methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Examples of such formulations can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,538, 214, 4,060,598, 4,173,626, 3,119,742, and 3,492,397, which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • a compound of the invention may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, including using conventional catheterization techniques or infusion.
  • Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
  • the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain a formulating agent such as a suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agent.
  • the active ingredient may be in powder form for reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.
  • sterile pyrogen-free water before use parenteral formulations are typically aqueous solutions which may contain excipients such as salts, carbohydrates and buffering agents (preferably to a pH of from 3 to 9), but, for some applications, they may be more suitably formulated as a sterile non-aqueous solution or as a dried form to be used in conjunction with a suitable vehicle such as sterile, pyrogen-free water.
  • the total daily dose of the compounds of the invention is typically in the range 0.001 mg to 5000 mg depending, of course, on the mode of administration.
  • an intravenous daily dose may only require from 0.001 mg to 40 mg.
  • the total daily dose may be administered in single or divided doses and may, at the physician's discretion, fall outside of the typical range given herein.
  • These dosages are based on an average human subject having a weight of about 65 kg to 70 kg. The physician will readily be able to determine doses for subjects whose weight falls outside this range, such as infants and the elderly.
  • treatment includes curative, palliative and prophylactic treatment.
  • a still further aspect of the present invention also relates to the use of the compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, derived forms or compositions thereof, for the manufacture of a drug having an anti- lymphoma or anti-leukemia activity.
  • the present inventions concerns the use of the compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, derived forms or compositions thereof, for the manufacture of a drug for the treatment of lymphomas or leukemia.
  • the present invention provides a particularly interesting method to treat a mammal, including a human being, with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, derived form or composition thereof.
  • the present invention provides a particularly interesting method for the treatment of a disease selected from a lymphoma and leukemia in a mammal, including a human being, comprising administering said mammal with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I), its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or derived forms.
  • the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of cancer comprising a compound selected from:
  • cancer in particular, solid tumor cancer, and preferably those selected from melanoma, colon, lung, pancreas, kidney, Merkel carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, prostate, breast, bladder, leukemia and lymphomas.
  • the cancer is melanoma.
  • the additional therapeutic agent(s) may also be (a) compound(s) of the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, derived forms or compositions thereof, or one or more compounds known in the art for the treatment of cancer.
  • the additional therapeutic agent will be selected from a different class of therapeutic agents than those of the compounds 42 and 43.
  • Suitable examples of other therapeutic agents which may be used in combination with the compound(s) 42 and 43 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derived forms thereof, include, but are by no means limited to:
  • the invention more particularly relates to a pharmaceutical composition as defined above, as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in the treatment of cancer.
  • the compounds 42 and 43, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, derived forms or compositions thereof can also be used as a combination with one or more additional therapeutic agents to be co-administered to a patient to obtain some particularly desired therapeutic end result in the treatment of cancers, namely solid tumor cancer, and preferably those selected from melanoma, colon, lung, pancreas, kidney, Merkel carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, prostate, breast, bladder and lymphomas.
  • cancers namely solid tumor cancer, and preferably those selected from melanoma, colon, lung, pancreas, kidney, Merkel carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, prostate, breast, bladder and lymphomas.
  • the compounds 42 and 43 are administered to patients at metastatic stage suffering from cancers, namely solid tumor cancer, and preferably those selected from melanoma, colon, lung, pancreas, kidney, Merkel carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, prostate, breast, bladder and lymphomas.
  • cancers namely solid tumor cancer, and preferably those selected from melanoma, colon, lung, pancreas, kidney, Merkel carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, prostate, breast, bladder and lymphomas.
  • a still further aspect of the present invention also relates to the use of the compounds 42 and 43, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, derived forms or compositions thereof, in combination with:
  • the present inventions concerns the use of the compounds 42 and 43, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, derived forms or compositions thereof, in combination with:
  • the present invention provides a particularly interesting method to treat a mammal, including a human being, with an effective amount of a compound of 42 and/or 43 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, derived form or composition thereof in combination with:
  • the present invention provides a particularly interesting method for the treatment of a cancer in a mammal, including a human being, comprising administering said mammal with an effective amount of a compound 42 or 43, its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or derived forms in combination with:
  • the compounds of the formula (I) may be prepared using conventional procedures such as by the following illustrative methods in which the various substituents are as previously defined for the compounds of the formula (I) unless otherwise stated.
  • Step i) is performed in the conditions of an aromatic nucleophilic substitution in an acidic medium (Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1946, vol 68, 1807-1808).
  • Step ii) is performed in the conditions of a Buchwald-Hartwig coupling (Angewandte Chemie, International edition,1995, vol 34,1348-1350) in the presence of a catalyst, such as palladium and a base in a suitable solvent, e.g. Toluene, DME or dioxane.
  • a catalyst such as palladium and a base in a suitable solvent, e.g. Toluene, DME or dioxane.
  • Step i) is performed in the conditions of an aromatic substitution in basic medium in DMA (Tetrahedron Letters, 2013, vol 54, 6900-6904).
  • Step ii) is performed in the conditions of an aromatic substitution.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include the acid addition and base salts thereof.
  • Suitable acid addition salts are formed from acids, which form non-toxic salts.
  • Examples include the acetate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate/carbonate, bisulphate/sulphate, borate, camsylate, citrate, edisylate, esylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride/chloride, hydrobromide/bromide, hydroiodide/iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, mesylate, methylsulphate, naphthylate, 2-napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate/hydrogen phosphate/dihydrogen phosphate, saccharate, stearate, succinate, tartrate, tosylate and trifluoroacetate and xinafoate salts.
  • Suitable base salts are formed from bases, which form non-toxic salts.
  • Examples include the aluminium, arginine, benzathine, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diolamine, glycine, lysine, magnesium, meglumine, olamine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine and zinc salts.
  • Hemisalts of acids and bases may also be formed, for example, hemisulphate and hemicalcium salts.
  • compositions of formula (I) may be prepared by one or more of three methods:
  • the resulting salt may precipitate out and be collected by filtration or may be recovered by evaporation of the solvent.
  • the degree of ionization in the resulting salt may vary from completely ionized to almost non-ionized.
  • the compounds of the invention may exist in both unsolvated and solvated forms.
  • solvate is used herein to describe a molecular complex comprising the compound of the invention and a stoichiometric amount of one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvent molecules, for example, ethanol.
  • hydrate is employed when said solvent is water.
  • complexes such as clathrates, drug-host inclusion complexes wherein, in contrast to the aforementioned solvates, the drug and host are present in stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts.
  • complexes of the drug containing two or more organic and/or inorganic components which may be in stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts.
  • the resulting complexes may be ionized, partially ionized, or non-ionized.
  • references to compounds of formula (I) include references to salts, solvates and complexes thereof and to solvates and complexes of salts thereof.
  • the compounds of the invention include compounds of formula (I) as hereinbefore defined, including all polymorphs and crystal habits thereof, prodrugs and isomers thereof (including optical, geometric and tautomeric isomers) as hereinafter defined and isotopically-labeled compounds of formula (I).
  • pro-drugs of the compounds of formula (I) are also within the scope of the invention.
  • certain derivatives of compounds of formula (I) which may have little or no pharmacological activity themselves can, when administered into or onto the body, be converted into compounds of formula (I) having the desired activity, for example, by hydrolytic cleavage.
  • Such derivatives are referred to as “pro-drugs”.
  • Further information on the use of pro-drugs may be found in ‘Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, Vol. 14, ACS Symposium Series (T. Higuchi and W. Stella) and ‘Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design’, Pergamon Press, 1987 (ed. E. B Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association).
  • Pro-drugs in accordance with the invention can, for example, be produced by replacing appropriate functionalities present in the compounds of formula (I) with certain moieties known to those skilled in the art as “pro-moieties” as described, for example, in “Design of Prodrugs” by H. Bundgaard (Elsevier, 1985).
  • prodrugs in accordance with the invention include for example where the compound of formula (I) contains an alcohol functionality (—OH), a compound wherein the hydrogen of the alcohol functionality of the compound of formula (I) is replaced by (C1-C6)alkanoyloxymethyl.
  • metabolites of compounds of formula (I), that is, compounds formed in vivo upon administration of the drug are also included within the scope of the invention.
  • Some examples of metabolites in accordance with the invention include where the compound of formula (I) contains a phenol moiety.
  • Compounds of formula (I) containing one or more asymmetric carbon atoms can exist as two or more stereoisomers. Included within the scope of the present invention are all stereoisomers, geometric isomers and tautomeric forms of the compounds of formula (I), including compounds exhibiting more than one type of isomerism, and mixtures of one or more thereof.
  • acid addition or base salts wherein the counter ion is optically active for example, D-lactate or L-lysine, or racemic, for example, DL-tartrate or DL-arginine.
  • racemate (or a racemic precursor) may be reacted with a suitable optically active compound, for example, an alcohol, or, in the case where the compound of formula (I) contains an acidic or basic moiety, an acid or base such as tartaric acid or 1-phenylethylamine.
  • a suitable optically active compound for example, an alcohol, or, in the case where the compound of formula (I) contains an acidic or basic moiety, an acid or base such as tartaric acid or 1-phenylethylamine.
  • the resulting diastereomeric mixture may be separated by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization and one or both of the diastereoisomers converted to the corresponding pure enantiomer(s) by means well known to a skilled person.
  • Chiral compounds of the invention may be obtained in enantiomerically-enriched form using chromatography, typically HPLC (chiral columns), on an asymmetric resin with a mobile phase consisting of a hydrocarbon, typically heptane or hexane, containing from 0 to 50% by volume of isopropanol, typically from 2% to 20%, and from 0 to 5% by volume of an alkylamine, typically 0.1% diethylamine.
  • HPLC chiral columns
  • a mobile phase consisting of a hydrocarbon, typically heptane or hexane, containing from 0 to 50% by volume of isopropanol, typically from 2% to 20%, and from 0 to 5% by volume of an alkylamine, typically 0.1% diethylamine.
  • MeOH or iPrOH and H 2 O are used as solvents. Concentration of the eluate affords the enriched mixture.
  • Stereoisomeric conglomerates may be separated by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art-see, for example, “Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds” by E. L. Eliel (Wiley, New York, 1994). “Chiral Separation Techniques”. by G. Subramanian. John Wiley & Sons, 2008. “Preparative Enantioselective Chromatography” by G. B. Cox. Wiley, 2005.
  • solvates in accordance with the invention include those wherein the solvent of crystallization may be isotopically substituted, e.g. D 2 O.
  • FIG. 1 mRNA levels of EZH2 detected by qPCR in A375 cancer cells incubated with compound 42, 43 (10 ⁇ M) or DMSO (control) for 96 h.
  • FIG. 2 mRNA levels of p21 detected by qPCR in A375 cancer cells incubated with compound 42, 43 (10 ⁇ M) or DMSO (control) for 96 h.
  • FIG. 3 IFN- ⁇ levels detected by ELISA in supernatant of A375 cancer cells treated with compound 42, 43 (10 ⁇ M) or DMSO (control) for 96 h.
  • FIG. 4 Inhibition of the non-canonical NF- ⁇ B pathway or treatment with anti-PD1 in vivo in plck-GAPDH AITL mice increased their survival.
  • FIG. 5 Combining NIK Inhibition and anti-PD1 leads to survival of the plck-GAPDH AITL mouse model
  • FIG. 6 in vitro dose response study with compounds 5, 38, 42 and 43.
  • FIG. 7 in vivo effect of compound 42 alone or in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody.
  • FIG. 8 NIK Inhibitors are specific for B cell lymphoma cell lines in which the non-canonical NF-kB pathway is activated. Effect of compound 38 treatment (10 mM, 96 Hrs) on the cell number of different Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) B cell lines (U2932, KARPAS 422, SUDHL6, OCYL3). The cell number is normalized to the corresponding DMSO treated control cells.
  • DLBCL Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  • Cancer cell proliferation assay (A375, A549, PC3, HT-29, MiaPaca-2 and MCF-7)
  • the tested cancer cells are the following: human melanoma cells (A375), lung carcinoma cells (A549), prostate cancer cells (PC3), colon adenocarcinoma (HT29), pancreas carcinoma (MiaPaca 2) and breast carcinoma (MCF-7).
  • Viability (%) 100 ⁇ [(dead cell number/total cells)*100].
  • PCR primers for EZH2 (accession number NM004456.4) and p21(CDKN1A) (accession number NM078467.2) were obtained from primer bank or primer depot (http://pga.mgh.harvard.edu/primerbank/, https://primerdepot.nci.nih.gov), and their specificity was verified using primer blast (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/).
  • Results obtained are summarized in Table 4 and FIG. 3 .
  • SA- ⁇ -Gal senescence-associated ⁇ -galactosidase
  • 4-MUG 4-methylumbelliferyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranoside
  • the production of the fluorophore was monitored at an emission/excitation wavelength of 365/460 nm, as reported (Gary and Kindell, 2005)
  • Microsomal stability was evaluated with mouse liver microsomes (0.5 mg/mL) and NADPH cofactor (1 mM) at 37° C. The percentage of remaining compound is determined at 5 min by LC-MS by measuring the area under the peak of compound on the chromatogram.
  • Table 1a shows that compounds 42 and 43 do not significantly affect the viability of treated cancer cells compared to untreated ones.
  • Table 1b shows that compounds 42 and 43, and more particularly compound 42, strongly reduce the proliferation of all tested cancer cells (human melanoma cells (A375), lung carcinoma cells (A549), prostate cancer cells (PC3), colon adenocarcinoma (HT29), pancreas carcinoma (MiaPaca 2) and breast carcinoma (MCF-7).
  • cancer cells human melanoma cells (A375), lung carcinoma cells (A549), prostate cancer cells (PC3), colon adenocarcinoma (HT29), pancreas carcinoma (MiaPaca 2) and breast carcinoma (MCF-7).
  • Table 2 shows that compounds 42 and 43 do not significantly affect the viability of human melanocytes.
  • NIK and the downstream target EZH2 are not expressed or at very low level in normal cells.
  • the selective inhibition of NIK by the compounds of the invention do not alter normal cells and do not modify the viability of normal cells such as melanocytes.
  • Table 3 shows that incubation of cells with compound 42 leads to a drastic decrease of mRNA expression of EZH2 as compared to incubation with a control compound (DMSO) ( FIG. 1 ). Correspondingly treatment with compound 42 leads to a major increase of p21 mRNA expression ( FIG. 2 ).
  • Compounds 42 and 43 act by inhibiting NIK that regulates the non-canonical NF-kB pathway which in turn transcriptionally inhibits EZH2.
  • EZH2 is the central target as it decreases p21 by promoting its methylation and inhibit the transcription of IFN-y by direct interaction on its promoter.
  • the compounds of the invention increase p21 and promote senescence. It thus induces a decrease in proliferation of treated cells.
  • the immune activation is due to the induced secretion of IFN- ⁇ by the treated cells.
  • Table 4 demonstrates that A375 cells treated with the compounds 42 and 43, and particularly compound 42, produce and secrete IFN- ⁇ while almost no IFN- ⁇ can be detected in untreated cells ( FIG. 3 ).
  • EZH2 inhibits the production of IFN-y by interfering directly on its promotor site. By downregulating EZH2 at its transcriptional level the compounds induce the transcription of IFN- ⁇ and its production by the treated cancer cells.
  • Table 4 shows a marked increase of the secretion of IFN- ⁇ in the media by the treated cancer cells as compared to control. This local production of IFN- ⁇ is crucial for attracting and activating the immune cells that will in vivo participate to the elimination of the cancer cells.
  • Microsomal stability serves as an in vitro assessment for the first path metabolisation of the drugs and is thus representative of an in vitro hepatic clearance, and an initial indicator for in vivo stability.
  • the cDNA of human GAPDH fused to the V5 tag in the plasmid pcDNA3 was amplified by PCR and inserted in a plasmid under the control of the promoter of the kinase LCK (pick) upon BamHI digestion.
  • the plck-GAPDH-V5 cassette was linearized from this plasmid and microinjected into the pronuclei of ovocytes from C57BL/6J mice that were subsequently implanted into gestating females (Service d'experimentation animale et de Transgénèse (SEAT), CNRS, Villejuif, France).
  • transgenic founders F35, F16, F07, F31
  • C57BL/6J mice for breeding were obtained from ENVIGO (Cannat, France).
  • Genotyping of the plck-GAPDH mice was performed on genomic DNA isolated from a tail biopsy using the following couples of primers: 51 and S2′. These primers were used with standard IL-2 primers.
  • Plck-p65 ⁇ / ⁇ mice were generated by crossing pLck-Cre transgenic mice (Jackson Institute (n° cat #003802) with p65 flox/flox mice provided by R. Schmidt (Algul et al., 2007) in our animal facility. Genotyping was performed using following primers: p651oxRV and p65loxFW; LckCreRV and LckCreFW.
  • Plck-IKB ⁇ / ⁇ mice were generated by crossing plck-Cre transgenic mice with IKB flox/flox mice provided by R. Rupec (Rupec et al., 2005). Genotyping was performed using following primers: IkB-1ox2-FW; IkB-Lox-2-RV.
  • mice were bred and maintained under pathogen-free conditions at the local animal facility (C3M, INSERM U1065, Nice, France). All experimental procedures were carried out in compliance with protocols approved by the local ethical and experimentation committee (SBEA, Nice, France, pending N° A06088014 and B0608820). At sacrifice, single cell suspensions were prepared from all the hematopoietic organs (spleen, lymph nodes, liver, blood and bone marrow) for further isolation and analysis.
  • Thymocytes of 5-week old plck-GAPDH mice were isolated and lysed for western blot analysis.
  • Mouse anti-V5 was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif., USA), rabbit anti-GAPDH from Abcam (Cambridge, UK) and mouse anti-Hsp90 (C45GS) from Cell signaling (Leiden, The Netherlands).
  • Antibodies against NF- ⁇ B1 (sc-166588X), NF- ⁇ B2 (sc-7386x), P65 (sc-8008x) and RelB (sc-166416x) were purchased from Santacruz (Heidelberg, Germany).
  • IL-4 and IL-17 splenocytes were stimulated for 5 hours in PMA (phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate; Sigma, France)/ionomycin (Sigma, France) in the presence of golgi-stop (BD Biosciences, Le Pont de Claix, France) and upon surface staining (anti-CD4 or anti-CD8) cells were fixed and permeabilized using the Cytofix/Cytoperm kit and protocol (BD Biosciences). Intracellular staining for V5tag and GAPDH was performed using the same Cytofix/Cytoperm kit.
  • Hematopoietic tissues were fixed in formaldehyde overnight and subsequently transferred into 70% ethanol and embedded in paraffin. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on the paraffin embedded tissue sections to color the follicular center. Immuno-staining was performed using anti-mouse antibodies against CD3 (SP7) Spring (Roche, Boulogne-Billancourt, France), B220 (CD45R) BioRad (Marnes-la-Coquette France), KI67 (SP6), Labvision/Thermofisher. Follicular DCs were detected by anti-CD21 (Ep3093, Abcam, Paris, France).
  • T cells Clonality of T cells was determined by surface staining for TCR- ⁇ of the CD4 + T cells in the tumors with antibodies directed against the different ⁇ -chains (Mouse V ⁇ TCR screening panel (FITC): ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 5.1, ⁇ 6, ⁇ 7, ⁇ 8.1, ⁇ 8.3, ⁇ 9, ⁇ 10, ⁇ 11, ⁇ 12, ⁇ 13, ⁇ 14, ⁇ 17; BD Biosciences).
  • FITC Mae V ⁇ TCR screening panel
  • Illumina 2 ⁇ 75 bp paired-end reads were mapped using STAR_2.4.0a versus mm10 Mus musculus build following Encode RNA-seq options.
  • Feature Counts from subread package release 1.5.0-p3-Linux-x86_64
  • “--primary -g gene_name -p -s 1 -C” options was used with “--primary -g gene_name -p -s 1 -C” options to obtain a count matrix at the gene_name level for statistical analysis.
  • RNAseq data were quantified using RSEM software 1.2.25 (Li and Dewey, 2011).
  • the gene sets were chosen on the basis of know expression patterns in human and mice Tfh and both GC and post-GC B cell subsets. The results were analyzed using a 2-way hierarchical clustering.
  • SES Sample Enrichment Scores
  • CD4 + T cells were isolated from the spleen of tumor bearing plck-GAPDH or wt C57/BL6 mice by incubation of total splenocytes an anti-mouse CD4-FITC antibody (Miltenyi) following by an incubation with anti-FITC microbeads according to manufacturer's instructions (Miltenyi).
  • CD19 + B cells were isolated using an anti-mouse CD19-FITC antibody and then following the same procedure as for CD4 + cells.
  • Total RNA was extracted from cells using the RNA extraction kit (Qiagen, Valencia, Calif., USA) according to manufacturer's instructions.
  • the relative mRNA expression level of HIF1a and LDHa were obtained by real-time quantification PCR, using the TaqMan PCR Master Mix (Eurogentec, Seraing, Belgium) and TaqMan assay primer set (Thermofisher; HIF1a: Mm00468878_m1; LDHa: Mm00495282_gl) on the 7500 Fast and the Step One (Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
  • PCR fragments were then sequenced by Sanger sequencing performed at Biofidal (Vaulx en Velin, France; www.biofidal.com).
  • Plck-GAPDH tumors were injected into 10 NSG mice (see above) and 5 were treated with a newly developed chemical NIK inhibitor (compound 5 according to the invention) or with Vehicle. IP injections were performed every other day with compound 5 (250 ⁇ g in 100 ⁇ l DMSO/Tween-20/Labrafil) or vehicle (100 ⁇ l DMSO/Tween-20/Labrafil).
  • the second NIK inhibitor used (compound 38 according to the invention) was more soluble and IP injections were performed every other day with compound 38 (250 ⁇ g in 100 ⁇ l NaCl 0,9%/mouse) or vehicle (100 ⁇ l NaCl 0,9%/mouse).
  • Genomic DNA was extracted from CD4 + T cells as mentioned above. Paired-end DNA library was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions (Agilent). The adapter-modified gDNA fragments were enriched by six cycles of PCR. Whole exome capture was carried out using Agilent's SureSelect Kit. After DNA quality evaluation, pooled samples were sequenced on Illunima Hiseq 2000.
  • Raw data were first filtered using an in house quality control. Paired-end clean reads are aligned to the reference genome (UCSC hg19) using Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA) software (Li and Durbin, 2009). If a read or reads pair is mapped to multiple positions, BWA will choose the most likely placement. While if two or more most-likely placements are present, BWA will choose any one randomly. Aligned reads were realigned to the genome. Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) (DePristo et al., 2011) was used to ignore those duplicates resulted from PCR amplification with Picard-tool.
  • GATK Genome Analysis Toolkit
  • mice Two different plck-GAPDH tumors expressing high levels of PD-1 on the CD4 + T cells were injected into 10 NSG mice and the mice were treated with anti-PD1 antibody (clone PMP1-14, BioXcell; 125 ⁇ g in PBS/mouse) or an isotope control antibody daily for the first 2 days post-tumor injection, then every other day.
  • anti-PD1 antibody clone PMP1-14, BioXcell; 125 ⁇ g in PBS/mouse
  • an isotope control antibody daily for the first 2 days post-tumor injection, then every other day.
  • mice were injected with antibody (anti-PD1 or isotype control) in the morning and compound 38 according to the invention (injected in the evening) daily for the first 2 days plck-GAPDH post-tumor injection, then every other day. Same concentration as for single treatments was used.
  • Recipient mice were sacrificed at endpoint (>10% weight loss or palpable splenomegaly). Single cell suspensions were prepared from the spleen, BM and liver for immunophenotypic FACS analysis.
  • T cell differentiation and T cell cancers such as peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL). It is only recently emerging as a key factor in T cell survival and function (Balmer et al., 2016; Chang et al., 2013; Xu et al., 2016). Therefore, we generated a transgenic mouse model, in which we overexpressed GAPDH under the control of the T cell specific promoter, plck. A V5-tag was fused to GAPDH to distinguish it from the endogenous GAPDH enzyme expression and 4 founder animals were identified (data not shown).
  • the plck-GAPDH mice developed a generalized lymphadenopathy (data not shown), which was only detectable in an already advanced stage of the tumor development by sudden loss of weight. These mice developed in almost all of the cases a splenomegaly and at high frequency enlarged mesenchymal (MES) LN, hepatomegaly and less frequently, LNs at ectopic sites such as the kidney, heart or intestines (data not shown).
  • MES mesenchymal
  • LNs lymph nodes
  • the spleens and lymph nodes (LN) showed a greatly altered architecture and the follicular structures visible in the wt were destroyed in the plck-GAPDH mice, marked by large polymorphic infiltration of T cells and B cells (data not shown).
  • Enlarged livers showed nodules formed by infiltrating lymphocytes (data not shown). All these pathological features together, point towards a peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL), characterized by generalized lymphopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, effected lymph node and follicular structures and extranodal manifestations. Even more remarkable was that aged plck-GAPDH mice developed also a typical skin rash and that their MES LNs and ectopic LNs showed a strong vascularization (data not shown). Moreover, 50% of plck-GAPDH mice developed ascites in the abdominal region (data not shown). Finally, the splenic tumors of the transgenic mice were characterized by a 2-fold higher cellularity of T cells and an increased ratio of CD4 + -T cells over CD8 + -T cells (data not shown).
  • PTCL peripheral T cell lymphoma
  • CD4 + -T cells were positive for programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and to a lesser extent for the chemokine receptor, CXCRS (data not shown).
  • PD1 programmed cell death 1
  • CXCRS chemokine receptor
  • the percentages of CD4 + PD1 high CXCR5 + T follicular helper (Tfh)-like cell fraction was significantly higher in plck-GAPDH than in wt spleens but the increase in total CD4 + PD1 high was even more pronounced reaching 80% (data not shown).
  • the inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS), a typical Tfh receptor assuring B cell interaction (Hu et al., 2011) was upregulated on the tumor CD4 + T cells (data not shown).
  • the CD4 + plck-GAPDH neoplastic cells had an activated memory phenotype (data not shown) and showed a higher expression of the death receptor FAS (CD95) compared to CD4 + wt T cells (data not shown), both characteristics of Tfh cells.
  • Tfh reside in germinal centers (GCs) and normally interact with GC B cells, where they are critical for B cell survival, promoting Ig class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation, ultimately yielding plasma cells and memory B cells (Cildir et al., 2016).
  • GCs germinal centers
  • Ig class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation ultimately yielding plasma cells and memory B cells
  • B cell phenotyping of cells in the enlarged spleens and lymph nodes of the plck-GAPDH mice demonstrated significantly increased percentages of hyperplasic FAS + (CD95 + ) GL-7 + GC B cells compared to wt (data not shown B). Additionally, these FAS + GL-7 + GC B cells demonstrated increased levels of FAS and FAS-Ligand (CD178; data not shown).
  • Tfh Interaction with the Tfh cells is essential for the development of plasma B cells. Moreover, PD1 on Tfh regulates not only GC survival but also impacts on the PC differentiation (Hu et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2014). Identification of PC cells by CD138 + CD19 ⁇ B220 low surface expression showed that 30% of the plck-GAPDH mice showed more than 5% of PCs in their enlarged spleens or even lymph nodes varying from 6 to 80% of total mononuclear cells (data not shown).
  • Plck-GAPDH PTCLs Have a Gene Expression Profile Resembling that of AITL Patient PTCL
  • FOS, IL-21, PD1, LIF1 were significantly upregulated and enriched in the murine lymphomas as compared to wt (data not shown).
  • This Tfh signature in our plck-GAPHD lymphoma CD4 + T cells was already suggested by their immuno-phenotype (CD4 + CXCR5 + ICOS + PD1 high , data not shown).
  • GEA for a GC-plasma B cell signature showed a remarkable upregulation for GC-enriched genes in mPTCLs (AICDA, PDL1, IRF4, CCL4, FAS, BAX) while CCR7 downregulation in GCs upon Tfh commitment was also confirmed (data not shown).
  • XBP1 a key regulator of PC development was also upregulated in the mPTCLs indicating that we have a mixed GC and PC B-cell signature.
  • AITL is characterized by strong autoimmune features and inflammatory signals (de Leval et al., 2007) identical to those found in plck-GAPDH such as increased IFN ⁇ , IL1R ⁇ , IL-6 and TNF ⁇ (data not shown).
  • Tfh and GC B interaction is based on cytokine-chemokine cross-talks.
  • the co-existence of Tfh and B cells in the plck-GAPDH could be explained by the presence of multiple chemokines attracting T cells, B cells but also multiple other immune cells such as DCs, macrophages and monocytes to the same microenvironment as found in AITL (Mourad et al., 2008).
  • GEP of mPTCL versus wt splenocytes revealed an upregulated expression of multiple cytokines and chemokines (data not shown). This expression pattern of secreted chemokines and cytokines (data not shown) corresponded to those of AITL patient LN (data not shown). Moreover, our mPTCL clearly showed a prominent upregulation of humoral immune response genes and genes related to vascularization and cell cycle entry (data not shown) confirming again the match between mPTCL and AITL characteristic features (hypergammaglobulinemia in 50-80% of the patients and increased tumor vascularization; (de Leval et al., 2010; de Leval et al., 2007).
  • the RHOA effector domain was also found mutated in Burkitt lymphoma (Rohde et al., 2014)(data not shown).
  • Whole exome sequencing of the plck-GAPDH Tfh CD4 + cells uncovered mutations in epigenetic modifiers such as IDH2, DNMT3A and TET2. This is in agreement with the frequent mutations of these genes in AITL patient cells (Cairns et al., 2012; Couronne et al., 2012; Lemonnier et al., 2012; Odejide et al., 2014; Quivoron et al., 2011).
  • Plck-GAPDH Develop an AITL-Like PTCL via a GAPDH-Dependent Activation of the NF- ⁇ B Pathway.
  • NF- ⁇ B Constitutive activation of the NF- ⁇ B signaling has been observed in various tumors including lymphomas and leukemia, which rely on NF- ⁇ B for their proliferation and survival (Imbert and Peyron, 2017). Additionally, we have shown that GAPDH enhances B lymphoma aggressiveness via activation of NF- ⁇ B (Chiche et al., 2015). Moreover, our gene expression profiling data showed that many NF- ⁇ B target genes are upregulated in our plck-GAPDH tumors such as INF ⁇ , ICOS, IL-6, CCLS, CCL2, CCL4, CXCL9, 10 and 11, IgG heavy chains, CD40, CD44, ICAM-1 and IRF4 (non-extensive list).
  • NF- ⁇ B target genes are upregulated in our plck-GAPDH tumors such as INF ⁇ , ICOS, IL-6, CCLS, CCL2, CCL4, CXCL9, 10 and 11, IgG heavy chains, CD40
  • plck-p65 ⁇ / ⁇ mice unable to activate the canonical NF- ⁇ B pathway in T cells
  • plck-I ⁇ B ⁇ / ⁇ mice characterized by a constitutive activation of the NF- ⁇ B pathway specifically in the T cell compartment.
  • I ⁇ B ⁇ / ⁇ mice developed a Tfh T cell lymphoma characterized by expression of CXCR5 and PD1 on CD4 + -T cells and GC B cell markers, CD95 and GL-7 on CD19 + -cells. They also showed an increased CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio and higher GAPDH expression levels. All these features are identical to mPTCL developed by plck-GAPDH mice (data not shown).
  • NF- ⁇ B inducing kinase NIK
  • IKKa phosphorylation Xiao et al., 2001
  • NIK NF- ⁇ B inducing kinase
  • GC B cells also express high levels of NIK to sustain their survival (Cildir et al., 2016; Mesin et al., 2016; Yamada et al., 2000).
  • NIK could represent an important therapeutic target in these type of AITL cancers.
  • NIK inh-5 NIK inhibitor compound 5 according to the invention
  • PCT/EP2017/067306 A first plck-GAPDH tumor was engrafted in NSG mice as established before (data not shown).
  • the NIK inh-5 treated group showed significant increased survival as compared to the control group ( FIG. 4B ).
  • the former group showed that the spleen was completely devoid of GC B cells but Tfh CD4 + -T cell were still detected and expressed high levels of PD1 ( FIG. 4C ).
  • PD1 and its ligand PDL-1 play a central role in down-modulation of anti-tumor immunity by dampening T-cell effector functions.
  • PD1 overexpression was indeed characteristic for CD4 + Tfh cells in our plck-GAPDH AITL-like tumors (data not shown). Therefore, we evaluated an anti-PD1 immunotherapy.
  • Donor mPTCL with characteristic Tfh phenotype and GC B cell invasion consisted of CD4 Tfh, CD8 T cells and GC B cells expressing the PDL-1 ligand (data not shown) at high levels meaning that anti-PD1 treatment may not only disrupt T-T cell interaction but also T-B cell interaction, known as a driver of T and B cell proliferation in this lymphoma.
  • PD1 was highly expressed on CD4 + but not on CD8 + T cells in the mPTCL (data not shown).
  • the liver showed upon anti-PD1 treatment no white spots of immune cell infiltrates as seen for the isotype mAb treated controls (data not shown).
  • the percentage of B cells in the spleen was markedly increased upon anti-PD1 treatment but the percentage of GC B cells was reduced as compared to control mice (data not shown).
  • Exactly the same CD4, CD8 T and B cell distribution was confirmed in the BM and the liver (data not shown). This was due to anti-PD1 treatment mediated reversion of immunosuppression as we confirmed increased production of INF ⁇ , granzyme B and perforin by cytotoxic CD8 + T cells (data not shown).
  • NIK could represent an important therapeutic target in AITL cancers.
  • PD1 and its ligand PDL-1 play a central role in down-modulation of anti-tumor immunity by dampening T-cell effector functions.
  • the use of blocking antibodies against PD1 or PDL-1 is emerging as an effective therapy reversing this cancer immunosuppression (Topalian et al., 2016). Therefore, we evaluated treatment with a novel NIK inhibitor alone or in combination with an anti-PD1 immunotherapy in our AITL preclinical model.
  • NIK inh32 NIK inhibitor COMPONENT 38
  • NIK inh32 NIK inhibitor COMPONENT 38
  • anti-PD1 and NIK inh Both NIK inh single treatment or combined with anti-PD1 resulted in significant increased survival of up to 60% and 70% of the plck-GAPDH tumor engrafted mice, respectively ( FIG. 5B ).
  • FIG. 5C At sacrifice, we detected a significant decrease in spleen size for the single and double treated mice compared to controls.
  • the melanoma cell line A375 was treated during 96h with graded concentration of compounds 5, 38, 42 and 43. At the end of the culture period, the cell concentration was determined.
  • Results demonstrate an inhibition of A375 proliferation starting around 5mM of compounds 5, 38, 42 and 43 (see FIG. 6 ).
  • the IC50s are as follows:
  • B9 melanoma cells were administrated subcutaneously.
  • Compound 42 was administrated IP once every day at 50 mg/kg.
  • the anti-PD1 compound (BE0146-clone RMP1-14) was administered IP once every day at 10 mg/kg.
  • Administration of treatment was made when tumors are visible (between 50 and 100 mm 3 ). The results are shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the tested cancer cells are the following: the human Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines: Karpas-422, SUDHL-6, U2932 and Oxyl3.
  • DLBCL human Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
  • Proliferation (%) (Treated cell number/untreated cells)*100.
  • NF-kB2 induces senescence bypass in melanoma via a direct transcriptional activation of EZH2.
  • EZH2 expression is associated with high proliferation rate and aggressive tumor subgroups in cutaneous melanoma and cancers of the endometrium, prostate, and breast. J Clin Oncol 24, 268-273.
  • GAPDH binds to active Akt, leading to Bc1-xL increase and escape from caspase-independent cell death.

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US20200361872A1 (en) 2020-11-19
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EP3735408A1 (fr) 2020-11-11
EP3735408B1 (fr) 2023-11-29
JP2021510176A (ja) 2021-04-15
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