US20200340130A1 - Membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis - Google Patents

Membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200340130A1
US20200340130A1 US16/767,532 US201816767532A US2020340130A1 US 20200340130 A1 US20200340130 A1 US 20200340130A1 US 201816767532 A US201816767532 A US 201816767532A US 2020340130 A1 US2020340130 A1 US 2020340130A1
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electrode
anode
cathode
membrane
electroconductive
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Yasuyuki Tanaka
Harumi SUEOKA
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Tokuyama Corp
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Tokuyama Corp
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    • C25B9/10—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
    • C25B1/10—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
    • C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/75—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/77—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having diaphragms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gasket used for electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis, and more specifically to a membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis, and an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis which includes the same.
  • the alkaline water electrolysis method is known as a method of producing hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.
  • water is electrolyzed using a basic solution (alkaline water) in which an alkali metal hydroxide (such as NaOH and KOH) dissolves as an electrolytic solution, to generate hydrogen gas at a cathode and oxygen gas at an anode.
  • an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis an electrolysis vessel including an anode chamber where an anode is arranged and a cathode chamber where a cathode is arranged is known: the electrolysis vessel is partitioned into the anode chamber and the cathode chamber by an ionic-permeable separating membrane.
  • an electrolysis vessel having a zero-gap configuration zero-gap electrolysis vessel) which holds an anode and a cathode so that each of them is directly in contact with a separating membrane.
  • Patent Literature 1 WO 2013/191140
  • Patent Literature 2 JP 2002-332586 A
  • Patent Literature 3 JP 4453973 B
  • Patent Literature 4 WO 2014/178317
  • Patent Literature 6 JP 2015-117417 A
  • FIG. 1 is a schematically explanatory partial cross-sectional view of a conventional zero-gap electrolysis vessel 900 according to one embodiment.
  • the zero-gap electrolysis vessel 900 includes electrode chamber units 910 , 910 , . . .
  • the periphery of the cathode 970 and the periphery of the electroconductive elastic body 960 are fixed to the periphery of the current collector 950 .
  • the electroconductive elastic body 960 pushes the flexible cathode 970 toward the separating membrane 920 and the anode 940 , which makes the separating membrane 920 sandwiched between adjacent cathode 970 and anode 940 .
  • the separating membrane 920 is in direct contact with the anode 940 and the cathode 970 (that is, zero-gap), which reduces the solution resistance between the anode 940 and the cathode 970 , and thus reduces energy loss.
  • the separating membrane 920 is not in direct contact with the anode 940 and the cathode 970 (that is, non zero-gap) along the periphery thereof, that is, in the vicinity of the flange part 912 (or the gasket 930 ), which leads to a large solution resistance between the electrodes along this portion, and as a result leads to an increased operating voltage.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis which makes it possible for a separating membrane to be in direct contact with electrodes even along its periphery.
  • the present invention also provides an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis which includes the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly.
  • the present invention encompasses the following embodiments [1] to [14]:
  • a membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis comprising:
  • a separating membrane having a first membrane face and a second membrane face
  • an insulating gasket holding the separating membrane and the first electrode as one body
  • the gasket comprising:
  • first part and the second part sandwich therebetween the entire periphery of the separating membrane and the entire periphery of the first electrode, to hold the entire periphery of the separating membrane and the entire periphery of the first electrode as one body.
  • the first electrode is a flexible first porous plate.
  • gasket holds the separating membrane, the first electrode, and the second electrode as one body
  • the slit part receives the entire periphery of the separating membrane, the entire periphery of the first electrode, and the entire periphery of the second electrode;
  • the first part and the second part sandwich therebetween the entire periphery of the separating membrane, the entire periphery of the first electrode, and the entire periphery of the second electrode, to hold the entire periphery of the separating membrane, the entire periphery of the first electrode, and the entire periphery of the second electrode as one body.
  • the second electrode is a rigid porous plate.
  • the second electrode is a flexible second porous plate.
  • An electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis comprising:
  • an anode-side frame defining an anode chamber
  • a cathode-side frame defining a cathode chamber
  • the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly as in [1] or [2], wherein the anode-side frame and the cathode-side frame sandwich therebetween the assembly, to hold the assembly;
  • the assembly is arranged such that the first membrane face of the separating membrane faces the anode chamber and the second membrane face of the separating membrane faces the cathode chamber;
  • the first electrode is an anode
  • the second electrode is a cathode.
  • An electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis comprising:
  • an anode-side frame defining an anode chamber
  • a cathode-side frame defining a cathode chamber
  • the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly as in [1] or [2], wherein the anode-side frame and the cathode-side frame sandwich therebetween the assembly, to hold the assembly;
  • the assembly is arranged such that the first membrane face of the separating membrane faces the cathode chamber and the second membrane face of the separating membrane faces the anode chamber;
  • the first electrode is a cathode
  • the second electrode is an anode.
  • An electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis comprising:
  • an anode-side frame defining an anode chamber
  • a cathode-side frame defining a cathode chamber
  • the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly as in any one of [3] to [5], wherein the anode-side frame and the cathode-side frame sandwich therebetween the assembly, to hold the assembly,
  • the assembly is arranged such that the first membrane face of the separating membrane faces the anode chamber and the second membrane face of the separating membrane faces the cathode chamber;
  • the first electrode is an anode
  • the second electrode is a cathode.
  • An electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis comprising:
  • an anode-side frame defining an anode chamber
  • a cathode-side frame defining a cathode chamber
  • the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly as in any one of [3] to [5], wherein the anode-side frame and the cathode-side frame sandwich therebetween the assembly, to hold the assembly,
  • the assembly is arranged such that the first membrane face of the separating membrane faces the cathode chamber and the second membrane face of the separating membrane faces the anode chamber;
  • the first electrode is a cathode
  • the second electrode is an anode.
  • the first electrode is a flexible first porous plate.
  • the second electrode is a rigid porous plate.
  • the second electrode is a flexible second porous plate.
  • the rigid current collector is arranged such that the rigid current collector and the separating membrane sandwich therebetween the second electrode;
  • the second electrode is a flexible second porous plate
  • the second electrode is supported by the rigid current collector.
  • the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis of the present invention makes it possible for a separating membrane to be in direct contact with (an) electrode(s) even along its periphery.
  • an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis which includes the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis of the present invention can further reduce an operating voltage, which makes it possible to further reduce energy loss.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of the conventional zero-gap electrolysis vessel 900 according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematically explanatory view of a membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention: FIG. 2(A) is a front view; FIG. 2(B) is a right side view; FIG. 2(C) is a rear view; FIG. 2(D) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 2(A) ; and FIG. 2(E) is an exploded view of FIG. 2(D) .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematically explanatory view of a membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention: FIG. 3(A) is a front view; FIG. 3(B) is a right side view; FIG. 3(C) is a rear view; FIG. 3(D) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 3(A) ; and FIG. 3(E) is an exploded view of FIG. 3(D) .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematically explanatory view of a membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis 300 according to another embodiment of the present invention: FIG. 4(A) is a front view; FIG. 4(B) is a right side view; FIG. 4(C) is a rear view; FIG. 4(D) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 4(A) ; and FIG. 4(E) is an exploded view of FIG. 4(D) .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 1000 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 2000 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 3000 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 4000 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 5000 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 6000 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 7000 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 8000 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 9000 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 10000 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • E 1 and/or E 2 concerning elements E 1 and E 2 means “E 1 , or E 2 , or the combination thereof”, and expression “E 1 , . . . , E N ⁇ 1 , and/or E N ” concerning elements E 1 , . . . , E N (N is an integer of 3 or more) means “E 1 , . . . , E N ⁇ 1 , or E N , or any combination thereof”.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematically explanatory view of the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter may be referred to as “assembly 100 ”).
  • FIGS. 2(A) to 2(C) are respectively a front view, a right side view, and a rear view of the assembly 100
  • FIG. 2(D) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 2(A)
  • FIG. 2(E) is an exploded view of FIG. 2(D) .
  • the assembly 100 includes a separating membrane 10 having a first membrane face 11 and a second membrane face 12 ; a cathode (first electrode) 20 arranged in contact with the first membrane face 11 ; and an insulating gasket 30 holding the separating membrane 10 and the cathode (first electrode) 20 as one body.
  • the gasket 30 includes a first face 31 for contacting with an anode-side frame; a second face 32 for contacting with a cathode-side frame; a slit part 33 opening toward an inner peripheral side of the gasket 30 and receiving the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 and the entire periphery of the cathode (first electrode) 20 ; a first part 34 and a second part 35 , the first part 34 and the second part 35 facing each other across the slit part 33 in a direction crossing the first face 31 and the second face 32 (vertical direction of FIGS.
  • the first part 34 having the first face 31 and the second part 35 having the second face 32 ; and a continuous part 36 arranged on an outer peripheral side of the slit part 33 , the continuous part 36 uniting the first part 34 and the second part 35 into one body and sealing an outer peripheral end of the slit part 33 .
  • the first part 34 and the second part 35 sandwich therebetween the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 and the entire periphery of the cathode (first electrode) 20 , to hold the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 and the entire periphery of the cathode (first electrode) 20 as one body.
  • the cathode (first electrode) 20 is arranged on the same side as the second face 32 of the gasket 30 with respect to the separating membrane 10 .
  • a cross-sectional view taken along the line Y-Y of FIG. 2(A) is the same as the cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 2(A) , that is, FIG. 2(D) .
  • any known ionic-permeable separating membrane used for zero-gap electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis may be used without particular limitations.
  • the separating membrane 10 desirably has low gas permeability, low electric conductivity, and high strength.
  • Examples of the separating membrane 10 include porous separating membranes such as porous membranes formed of asbestos and/or modified asbestos, porous separating membranes using a polysulfone-based polymer, cloths using a polyphenylene sulfide fiber, fluorinated porous membranes, and porous membranes using a hybrid material that includes both inorganic and organic materials.
  • an ion-exchange membrane such as a fluorinated ion-exchange membrane may be used as the separating membrane 10 .
  • the cathode 20 any known cathode for generating hydrogen which is used for zero-gap electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis may be used without particular limitations.
  • the cathode 20 usually includes an electroconductive base material, and a catalyst layer covering the surface of the base material.
  • the electroconductive base material of the cathode 20 for example, nickel, a nickel alloy, stainless steel, mild steel, a nickeled nickel alloy, nickeled stainless steel, or nickeled mild steel may be preferably employed.
  • the catalyst layer of the cathode 20 a noble metal oxide, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, or manganese, or a coating formed of an oxide or a noble metal oxide thereof may be preferably employed.
  • the cathode 20 may be, for example, a flexible porous plate, and may be, for example, a rigid porous plate.
  • a porous plate including a rigid electroconductive base material (such as an expanded metal) and the above described catalyst layer may be used.
  • a porous plate including a flexible electroconductive base material (such as gauze woven (or knitted) out of metal wire, and a thin punching metal) and the above described catalyst layer may be used.
  • the area of one hole of the cathode 20 of a flexible porous plate is preferably 0.05 to 2.0 mm 2 , and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm 2 .
  • the ratio of the area of holes of the cathode 20 of a flexible porous plate to the area of a current-carrying cross section is preferably no less than 20%, and more preferably 20 to 50%.
  • the bending flexibility of the cathode 20 of a flexible porous plate is preferably no less than 0.05 mm/g, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.8 mm/g. Bending flexibility in the present description is represented by a value obtained in such a way that: one side of a square sample of 10 mm in length ⁇ 10 mm in width is fixed so that the sample is horizontal, and a deflection (mm) of another side (end of the sample) when a given load is downwardly applied to the other side, which is opposite to the fixed side, is divided by the load (g).
  • the bending flexibility is a parameter showing an inverse characteristics to bending rigidity.
  • the bending flexibility may be adjusted by a material and thickness of a porous plate, and in the case of gauze, by a way of weaving (or knitting) metal wire constituting the gauze etc.
  • the gasket 30 has, as shown in FIGS. 2(A) and 2(C) , a shape corresponding to the shapes of the anode-side frame and the cathode-side frame. As shown in FIGS. 2(B), 2(D) , and 2 (E), the first face 31 and the second face 32 of the gasket 30 are flat faces.
  • the gasket 30 is preferably formed of an alkali-resistant elastomer.
  • Examples of the material of the gasket 30 include elastomers such as natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polychloroprene (CR), butadiene rubber (BR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), silicone rubber (SR), ethylene propylene rubber (EPT), ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM), fluoro rubber (FR), isobtylene isoprene rubber (IIR), urethane rubber (UR), and chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber (CSM).
  • a layer of an alkali-resistant material may be provided for the surface of the gasket material by coating or the like.
  • the method of producing the assembly 100 is not particularly limited.
  • the peripheries of the separating membrane 10 and the cathode 20 are sandwiched between a gasket member on the anode side which includes the first face 31 , and a gasket member on the cathode side which includes the second face 32 , and thereafter the periphery of the gasket member on the anode side and the periphery of the gasket member on the cathode side are united into one body by welding, adhering, or the like, which makes it possible to obtain the assembly 100 where the slit part 33 of the gasket 30 that includes the slit part 33 and the continuous part 36 holds the peripheries of the separating membrane 10 and the cathode 20 (see FIGS.
  • the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 and the entire periphery of the cathode 20 which are received in the slit part 33 of the gasket 30 , are sandwiched between and held by the first part 34 and the second part 35 of the gasket 30 as one body, which makes it possible for at least the separating membrane 10 and the cathode 20 to be in direct contact with each other all over the faces thereof (that is, even the periphery).
  • employing the assembly 100 for a zero-gap electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis offers further reduced operating voltage and energy loss.
  • each electrode is fixed to an electrolysis element (anode-side frame or cathode-side frame), and measures such as welding and pinning are necessary for fixing electrodes.
  • an electrolysis element anode-side frame or cathode-side frame
  • measures such as welding and pinning are necessary for fixing electrodes.
  • the assembly 100 since the cathode 20 is united with the separating membrane 10 and the gasket 30 into one body, there is no need to fix the cathode 20 to the cathode-side frame. Therefore, employing the assembly 100 for a zero-gap electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis offers easy assembly of the electrolysis vessel.
  • the gasket 30 includes the continuous part 36 sealing the outer peripheral end of the slit part 33 on the outer peripheral side of the slit part 33 , which makes it possible for capillary action to prevent an electrolytic solution and gas from leaking from an end part of the separating membrane 10 to the outside of the electrolysis vessel.
  • the assembly 100 of the embodiment of including the separating membrane 10 , the cathode 20 , and the gasket 30 has been described as an example.
  • the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
  • an embodiment of a membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis may comprise an anode instead of the cathode 20 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematically explanatory view of a membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis 200 according to such another embodiment (hereinafter may be referred to as “assembly 200 ”).
  • FIGS. 3(A) to 3(C) are respectively a front view, a right side view, and a rear view of the assembly 200
  • FIG. 3(D) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 3(A)
  • FIG. 3(E) is an exploded view of FIG. 3(D) .
  • elements already shown in FIG. 2 are given the same reference signs as in FIG. 2 , and the description thereof may be omitted.
  • the assembly 200 includes the separating membrane 10 having the first membrane face 11 and the second membrane face 12 ; an anode (first electrode) 40 arranged in contact with the first membrane face 11 ; and the insulating gasket 30 holding the separating membrane 10 and the anode (first electrode) 40 as one body.
  • the gasket 30 includes the first face 31 for contacting with the anode-side frame; the second face 32 for contacting with the cathode-side frame; the slit part 33 opening toward the inner peripheral side of the gasket 30 and receiving the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 and the entire periphery of the anode (first electrode) 40 ; the first part 34 and the second part 35 , the first part 34 and the second part 35 facing each other across the slit part 33 in the direction crossing the first face 31 and the second face 32 , the first part 34 having the first face 31 and the second part 35 having the second face 32 ; and the continuous part 36 arranged on the outer peripheral side of the slit part 33 , the continuous part 36 uniting the first part 34 and the second part 35 into one body and sealing the outer peripheral end of the slit part 33 .
  • the first part 34 and the second part 35 sandwich therebetween the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 and the entire periphery of the anode (first electrode) 40 , to hold the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 and the entire periphery of the anode (first electrode) 40 as one body.
  • the anode (first electrode) 40 is arranged on the same side as the first face 31 of the gasket 30 with respect to the separating membrane 10 .
  • a cross-sectional view taken along the line Y-Y of FIG. 3(A) is the same as the cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 3(A) , that is, FIG. 3(D) .
  • the separating membrane 10 and the gasket 30 in the assembly 200 are the same as the separating membrane 10 and the gasket 30 in the assembly 100 .
  • the anode (first electrode) 40 any known anode for generating oxygen which is used for zero-gap electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis may be used without particular limitations.
  • the anode 40 usually includes an electroconductive base material, and a catalyst layer covering the surface of the base material.
  • the catalyst layer is preferably porous.
  • the electroconductive base material of the anode 40 for example, ferronickel, vanadium, molybdenum, copper, silver, manganese, platinum group metals, graphite, or chromium, or any combination thereof may be used.
  • an electroconductive base material formed of nickel may be preferably used.
  • the catalyst layer includes nickel as an element.
  • the catalyst layer preferably includes nickel oxide, metallic nickel or nickel hydroxide, or any combination thereof, and may include an alloy of nickel and at least one other metal.
  • the catalyst layer is especially preferably formed of metallic nickel.
  • the catalyst layer may further include chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, tantalum, zirconium, aluminum, zinc, platinum group metals, or rare earth elements, or any combination thereof. Rhodium, palladium, iridium, or ruthenium, or any combination thereof may be further supported on the surface of the catalyst layer as an additional catalyst.
  • the anode 40 may be, for example, a flexible porous plate, and may be, for example, a rigid porous plate.
  • a porous plate including a rigid electroconductive base material (such as an expanded metal) and the above described catalyst layer may be used.
  • a porous plate including a flexible electroconductive base material (such as gauze woven (or knitted) out of metal wire, and a thin punching metal) and the above described catalyst layer may be used.
  • the ratio of the area of holes of the anode 40 of a flexible porous plate is preferably 0.05 to 2.0 mm 2 , and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm 2 .
  • the ratio of the area of holes of the anode 40 of a flexible porous plate to the area of a current-carrying cross section is preferably no less than 20%, and more preferably 20 to 50%.
  • the bending flexibility of the anode 40 of a flexible porous plate is preferably no less than 0.05 mm/g, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.8 mm/g.
  • the method of producing the assembly 200 is not particularly limited.
  • the peripheries of the separating membrane 10 and the anode 40 are sandwiched between a gasket member on the anode side which includes the first face 31 , and a gasket member on the cathode side which includes the second face 32 , and thereafter the periphery of the gasket member on the anode side and the periphery of the gasket member on the cathode side are united into one body by welding, adhering, or the like, which makes it possible to obtain the assembly 200 where the slit part 33 of the gasket 30 that includes the slit part 33 and the continuous part 36 holds the peripheries of the separating membrane 10 and the anode 40 (see FIGS.
  • 3(D) and 3(E) For example, one may separately prepare the separating membrane 10 , the anode 40 , and the gasket 30 , and thereafter may insert the peripheries of the separating membrane 10 and the anode 40 into the slit part 33 of the gasket 30 as temporarily changing the shape of the gasket 30 .
  • the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 and the entire periphery of the anode 40 which are received in the slit part 33 of the gasket 30 , are sandwiched between and held by the first part 34 and the second part 35 of the gasket 30 as one body, which makes it possible for at least the separating membrane 10 and the anode 40 to be in direct contact with each other all over the faces thereof (that is, even the periphery).
  • employing the assembly 200 for a zero-gap electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis offers further reduced operating voltage and energy loss.
  • each electrode is fixed to an electrolysis element (anode-side frame or cathode-side frame), and measures such as welding and pinning are necessary for fixing electrodes.
  • an electrolysis element anode-side frame or cathode-side frame
  • measures such as welding and pinning are necessary for fixing electrodes.
  • the assembly 200 since the anode 40 is united with the separating membrane 10 and the gasket 30 into one body, there is no need to fix the anode 40 to the anode-side frame. Therefore, employing the assembly 200 for a zero-gap electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis offers easy assembly of the electrolysis vessel.
  • the gasket 30 includes the continuous part 36 sealing the outer peripheral end of the slit part 33 on the outer peripheral side of the slit part 33 , which makes it possible for capillary action to prevent an electrolytic solution and gas from leaking from an end part of the separating membrane 10 to the outside of the electrolysis vessel.
  • an embodiment of a membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis may comprise both of a cathode and an anode.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematically explanatory view of a membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis 300 according to such another embodiment (hereinafter may be referred to as “assembly 300 ”).
  • FIGS. 4(A) to 4(C) are respectively a front view, a right side view, and a rear view of the assembly 300
  • FIG. 4(D) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 4(A)
  • FIG. 4(E) is an exploded view of FIG. 4(D) .
  • elements already shown in FIGS. 2 to 3 are given the same reference signs as in FIGS.
  • the assembly 300 includes the separating membrane 10 having the first membrane face 11 and the second membrane face 12 ; the anode (first electrode) 40 arranged in contact with the first membrane face 11 ; the cathode (second electrode) 20 arranged in contact with the second membrane face 12 ; and the insulating gasket 30 holding the separating membrane 10 , the anode (first electrode) 40 , and the cathode (second electrode) 20 as one body.
  • the gasket 30 includes the first face 31 for contacting with the anode-side frame; the second face 32 for contacting with the cathode-side frame; the slit part 33 opening toward the inner peripheral side of the gasket 30 and receiving the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 and the entire periphery of the anode (first electrode) 40 ; the first part 34 and the second part 35 , the first part 34 and the second part 35 facing each other across the slit part 33 in the direction crossing the first face 31 and the second face 32 (vertical direction of FIGS.
  • the first part 34 having the first face 31 and the second part 35 having the second face 32 ; and the continuous part 36 arranged on the outer peripheral side of the slit part 33 , the continuous part 36 uniting the first part 34 and the second part 35 into one body and sealing the outer peripheral end of the slit part 33 .
  • the first part 34 and the second part 35 sandwich therebetween the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 , the entire periphery of the anode (first electrode) 40 , and the entire periphery of the cathode (second electrode) 20 , to hold the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 , the entire periphery of the anode (first electrode) 40 , and the entire periphery of the cathode (second electrode) 20 as one body.
  • the anode (first electrode) 40 is arranged on the same side as the first face 31 of the gasket 30 with respect to the separating membrane 10
  • the cathode (second electrode) 20 is arranged on the same side as the second face 32 of the gasket 30 with respect to the separating membrane 10 .
  • a cross-sectional view taken along the line Y-Y of FIG. 4(A) is the same as the cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 4(A) , that is, FIG. 4(D) .
  • the separating membrane 10 , the anode 40 , the cathode 20 , and the gasket 30 in the assembly 300 are respectively the same as the separating membrane 10 , the anode 40 , the cathode 20 , and the gasket 30 in the assemblies 100 and 200 .
  • the method of producing the assembly 300 is not particularly limited.
  • the peripheries of the anode 40 , the separating membrane 10 , and the cathode 20 are sandwiched between a gasket member on the anode side which includes the first face 31 , and a gasket member on the cathode side which includes the second face 32 , and thereafter the periphery of the gasket member on the anode side and the periphery of the gasket member on the cathode side are united into one body by welding, adhering, or the like, which makes it possible to obtain the assembly 300 where the slit part 33 of the gasket 30 that includes the slit part 33 and the continuous part 36 holds the peripheries of the anode 40 , the separating membrane 10 , and the cathode 20 (see FIGS.
  • the entire periphery of the separating membrane 10 , the entire periphery of the anode 40 , and the entire periphery of the cathode 20 which are received in the slit part 33 of the gasket 30 , are sandwiched between and held by the first part 34 and the second part 35 of the gasket 30 as one body, which makes it possible for the anode 40 and the separating membrane 10 to be in direct contact with each other all over the faces thereof (that is, even the periphery), and for the separating membrane 10 and the cathode 20 to be in direct contact with each other all over the faces thereof (that is, even the periphery).
  • each electrode is fixed to an electrolysis element (anode-side frame or cathode-side frame), and measures such as welding and pinning are necessary for fixing electrodes.
  • anode 40 and the cathode 20 are united with the separating membrane 10 and the gasket 30 into one body, there is no need to fix the anode 40 to the anode-side frame, and there is no need to fix the cathode 20 to the cathode-side frame either.
  • the assembly 300 for a zero-gap electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis offers easy assembly of the electrolysis vessel.
  • the gasket 30 includes the continuous part 36 sealing the outer peripheral end of the slit part 33 on the outer peripheral side of the slit part 33 , which makes it possible for capillary action to prevent an electrolytic solution and gas from leaking from an end part of the separating membrane 10 to the outside of the electrolysis vessel.
  • an embodiment of a membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis may include a gasket having an annular shape, or a polygonal shape other than a quadrangular shape (such as a hexagonal or octagonal shape).
  • the shapes of the separating membrane, the cathode, and the anode are determined according to the shape of the gasket.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 1000 according to one embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 1000 ”).
  • the electrolysis vessel 1000 is an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis which includes the above described membrane-electrode-gasket assembly 100 (see FIG. 2 ). As shown in FIG.
  • the electrolysis vessel 1000 includes an electroconductive anode-side frame 51 defining an anode chamber A; an electroconductive cathode-side frame 52 defining a cathode chamber C; the assembly 100 sandwiched between and held by the anode-side frame 51 and the cathode-side frame 52 so that the anode-side frame 51 is in contact with the first face 31 and the cathode-side frame 52 is in contact with the second face 32 ; and an anode (second electrode) 41 arranged in contact with the second membrane face 12 of the separating membrane 10 , wherein the anode 41 is not held by the gasket 30 .
  • the assembly 100 is arranged so that the first membrane face 11 of the separating membrane 10 faces the cathode chamber C, and the second membrane face 12 of the separating membrane 10 faces the anode chamber A.
  • the cathode (first electrode) 20 is a flexible porous plate (first porous plate)
  • the anode (second electrode) 41 is a rigid porous plate (second porous plate).
  • the electrolysis vessel 1000 further includes electroconductive ribs 61 , 61 , . . . (hereinafter may be referred to as “electroconductive rib 61 ”) that are provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the anode-side frame 51 .
  • the anode 41 is held by the electroconductive rib 61 .
  • the electrolysis vessel 1000 also includes electroconductive ribs 62 , 62 . . . (hereinafter may be referred to as “electroconductive rib 62 ”) that are provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the cathode-side frame 52 , a current collector 72 that is held by the electroconductive rib 62 , and an electroconductive elastic body (first elastic body) 82 that is held by the current collector 72 .
  • the cathode 20 is pushed by the elastic body 82 toward the anode 41 .
  • any known frame used for electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis may be used without particular limitations as long as the anode chamber A and the cathode chamber C can be separately defined.
  • the anode-side frame 51 has an electroconductive backside separating wall 51 a , and a flange part 51 b uniting with the entire periphery of the backside separating wall 51 a so as to have watertightness.
  • the cathode-side frame 52 has an electroconductive backside separating wall 52 a , and a flange part 52 b uniting with the entire periphery of the backside separating wall 52 a so as to have watertightness.
  • the backside separating walls 51 a and 52 a each define adjacent electrolytic cells, and electrically connect the adjacent electrolytic cells in series.
  • the flange part 51 b together with the backside separating wall 51 a , the separating membrane 10 and the gasket 30 , defines the anode chamber
  • the flange part 52 b together with the backside separating wall 52 a , the separating membrane 10 and the gasket 30 , defines the cathode chamber.
  • the flange parts 51 b and 52 b have shapes corresponding to the gasket 30 of the assembly 100 .
  • the flange part 51 b of the anode-side frame 51 is in contact with the first face 31 of the gasket 30 without any gap
  • the flange part 52 b of the cathode-side frame 52 is in contact with the second face 32 of the gasket 30 without any gap.
  • the flange part 51 b includes an anolyte supply flow path to supply an anolyte to the anode chamber A, and an anolyte collection flow path to collect the anolyte and gas generated at the anode from the anode chamber A.
  • the flange part 52 b includes a catholyte supply flow path to supply a catholyte to the cathode chamber C, and a catholyte collection flow path to collect the catholyte and gas generated at the cathode from the cathode chamber C.
  • any alkali-resistant rigid electroconductive material may be used without particular limitations. Examples of such a material include simple metals such as nickel and iron; stainless steel such as SUS304, SUS310, SUS310S, SUS316, and SUS316L; and metal materials obtained by nickeling any of them.
  • any alkali-resistant rigid electroconductive material may be used without particular limitations.
  • examples of such a material include simple metals such as nickel and iron; stainless steel such as SUS304, SUS310, SUS310S, SUS316, and SUS316L; metal materials obtained by nickeling any of them; and non-metal materials such as reinforced plastics.
  • the backside separating wall 51 a and the flange part 51 b of the anode-side frame 51 may be united by welding, adhesion, or the like, and may be formed of the same material into one body.
  • the backside separating wall 52 a and the flange part 52 b of the cathode-side frame 52 may be united by welding, adhesion, or the like, and may be formed of the same material into one body. While only a single electrolytic cell (electrolysis vessel 1000 ) is shown in FIG. 5 , the flange part 51 b of the anode-side frame 51 may extend to the opposite side of the backside separating wall 51 a (right side of the sheet of FIG.
  • the flange part 52 b of the cathode-side frame 52 may extend to the opposite side of the backside separating wall 52 a (left side of the sheet of FIG. 5 ), to define, together with the backside separating wall 52 a , an anode chamber of a neighboring electrolytic cell.
  • any known electroconductive rib used for electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis may be used without particular limitations.
  • the electroconductive rib 61 is provided to stand at the backside separating wall 51 a of the anode-side frame 51
  • the electroconductive rib 62 is provided to stand at the backside separating wall 52 a of the cathode-side frame.
  • the shape, number, and arrangement of the electroconductive rib 61 are not particularly limited as long as the electroconductive rib 61 can fix the anode 41 to the anode-side frame 51 to hold the anode 41 .
  • the shape, number, and arrangement of the electroconductive rib 62 are not particularly limited either as long as the electroconductive rib 62 can fix the current collector 72 to the cathode-side frame 52 to hold the current collector 72 .
  • any alkali-resistant rigid electroconductive material may be used without particular limitations. Examples of such a material include materials such as simple metals such as nickel and iron; stainless steel such as SUS304, SUS310, SUS310S, SUS316, and SUS316L; and metals obtained by nickeling any of them.
  • any known current collector used for electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis may be used without particular limitations.
  • an expanded metal or punching metal made from an alkali-resistant rigid electroconductive material may be preferably employed.
  • the material of the current collector 72 include simple metals such as nickel and iron; stainless steel such as SUS304, SUS310, SUS310S, SUS316, and SUS316L; and metals obtained by nickeling any of them.
  • any known means such as welding and pinning may be employed without particular limitations.
  • any known electroconductive elastic body used for electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis may be used without particular limitations.
  • an elastic mat, a coil spring, a leaf spring, or the like that is made of an aggregate of metal wires of an alkali-resistant electroconductive material may be preferably employed.
  • the material of the elastic body 82 include simple metals such as nickel and iron; stainless steel such as SUS304, SUS310, SUS310S, SUS316, and SUS316L; and metals obtained by nickeling any of them.
  • any known means such as welding, pinning, and bolting may be employed without particular limitations.
  • any anode of a rigid porous plate for alkaline water electrolysis which is the same as the anode 40 described above concerning the assembly 200 ( FIG. 3 ) may be used without particular limitations.
  • any known means such as welding, pinning, and bolting may be employed without particular limitations.
  • the electrolysis vessel 1000 includes the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis 100 , which makes it possible for at least the separating membrane 10 and the cathode 20 to be in direct contact with each other all over the faces thereof (that is, even the periphery).
  • the electrolysis vessel 1000 offers reduced operating voltage and energy loss more than conventional zero-gap electrolysis vessels. Since the cathode 20 is united with the separating membrane 10 and the gasket 30 into one body, there is no need to fix the cathode 20 to the cathode-side frame 52 . Therefore, the electrolysis vessel 1000 offers easy assembly of the electrolysis vessel.
  • the gasket 30 includes the continuous part 36 sealing the outer peripheral end of the slit part 33 on the outer peripheral side of the slit part 33 , which makes it possible for capillary action to prevent an electrolytic solution and gas from leaking from an end part of the separating membrane 10 to the outside of the electrolysis vessel.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 2000 according to such another embodiment (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 2000 ”).
  • electrolysis vessel 2000 an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 2000 according to such another embodiment (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 2000 ”).
  • elements already shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 are given the same reference signs as in FIGS. 2 to 5 , and the description thereof may be omitted.
  • FIG. 6 elements already shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 are given the same reference signs as in FIGS. 2 to 5 , and the description thereof may be omitted. As shown in FIG.
  • the electrolysis vessel 2000 includes the electroconductive anode-side frame 51 defining the anode chamber A; the electroconductive cathode-side frame 52 defining the cathode chamber C; the assembly 200 sandwiched between and held by the anode-side frame 51 and the cathode-side frame 52 so that the anode-side frame 51 is in contact with the first face 31 and the cathode-side frame 52 is in contact with the second face 32 ; and a cathode (second electrode) 21 arranged in contact with the second membrane face 12 of the separating membrane 10 , wherein the cathode 21 is not held by the gasket 30 .
  • the assembly 200 is arranged so that the first membrane face 11 of the separating membrane 10 faces the anode chamber A, and the second membrane face 12 of the separating membrane 10 faces the cathode chamber C.
  • the anode (first electrode) 40 is a flexible porous plate (first porous plate)
  • the cathode (second electrode) 21 is a rigid porous plate (second porous plate).
  • the electrolysis vessel 2000 further includes the electroconductive rib 62 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the cathode-side frame 52 . The cathode 21 is held by the electroconductive rib 62 .
  • the electrolysis vessel 2000 also includes the electroconductive rib 61 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the anode-side frame 51 , a current collector 71 that is held by the electroconductive rib 61 , and an electroconductive elastic body (first elastic body) 81 that is held by the current collector 71 .
  • the anode 40 is pushed by the elastic body 81 toward the cathode 21 .
  • any known current collector used for electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis may be used without particular limitations.
  • an expanded metal, a punching metal, or a net made from an alkali-resistant rigid electroconductive material may be preferably employed.
  • the material of the current collector 71 include simple metals such as nickel and iron; stainless steel such as SUS304, SUS310, SUS310S, SUS316, and SUS316L; and metals obtained by nickeling any of them.
  • any known means such as welding and pinning may be employed without particular limitations.
  • any known electroconductive elastic body used for electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis may be used without particular limitations.
  • an elastic mat, a coil spring, a leaf spring, or the like that is made of an aggregate of metal wires of an alkali-resistant electroconductive material may be preferably employed.
  • the material of the elastic body 81 include simple metals such as nickel and iron; stainless steel such as SUS304, SUS310, SUS310S, SUS316, and SUS316L; and metals obtained by nickeling any of them.
  • any known means such as welding and pinning may be employed without particular limitations.
  • any cathode of a rigid porous plate for alkaline water electrolysis which is the same as the cathode 20 described above concerning the assembly 100 ( FIG. 2 ) may be used without particular limitations.
  • any known means such as welding, pinning, and bolting may be employed without particular limitations.
  • the electrolysis vessel 2000 includes the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis 200 , which makes it possible for at least the separating membrane 10 and the anode 40 to be in direct contact with each other all over the faces thereof (that is, even the periphery).
  • the electrolysis vessel 2000 offers reduced operating voltage and energy loss more than conventional zero-gap electrolysis vessels. Since the anode 40 is united with the separating membrane 10 and the gasket 30 into one body, there is no need to fix the anode 40 to the anode-side frame 51 . Therefore, the electrolysis vessel 2000 offers easy assembly of the electrolysis vessel.
  • the gasket 30 includes the continuous part 36 sealing the outer peripheral end of the slit part 33 on the outer peripheral side of the slit part 33 , which makes it possible for capillary action to prevent an electrolytic solution and gas from leaking from an end part of the separating membrane 10 to the outside of the electrolysis vessel.
  • the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 1000 of the embodiment of holding the second electrode 41 of a rigid porous plate by the electroconductive rib 61 and the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 2000 of the embodiment of holding the second electrode 21 of a rigid porous plate by the electroconductive rib 62 have been described as an example.
  • the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
  • an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis of the embodiment of pushing the second electrode of a rigid porous plate by an electroconductive second elastic body toward the first electrode may be employed.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 3000 according to such another embodiment (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 3000 ”).
  • electrolysis vessel 3000 elements the same as those already shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 are given the same reference signs as in FIGS. 2 to 6 , and the description thereof may be omitted. As shown in FIG.
  • the electrolysis vessel 3000 includes the electroconductive anode-side frame 51 defining the anode chamber A; the electroconductive cathode-side frame 52 defining the cathode chamber C; the assembly 100 sandwiched between and held by the anode-side frame 51 and the cathode-side frame 52 so that the anode-side frame 51 is in contact with the first face 31 and the cathode-side frame 52 is in contact with the second face 32 ; and the anode (second electrode) 41 arranged in contact with the second membrane face 12 of the separating membrane 10 , wherein the anode 41 is not held by the gasket 30 .
  • the assembly 100 is arranged so that the first membrane face 11 of the separating membrane 10 faces the cathode chamber C, and the second membrane face 12 of the separating membrane 10 faces the anode chamber A.
  • the cathode (first electrode) 20 is a flexible porous plate (first porous plate)
  • the anode (second electrode) 41 may be a rigid porous plate, and may be a flexible porous plate (second porous plate).
  • the anode (second electrode) 41 is preferably a rigid porous plate.
  • the electrolysis vessel 3000 includes the electroconductive rib 62 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the cathode-side frame 52 , the current collector 72 that is held by the electroconductive rib 62 , and the electroconductive elastic body (first elastic body) 82 that is held by the current collector 72 .
  • the cathode 20 is pushed by the elastic body 82 toward the anode 41 .
  • the electrolysis vessel 3000 also includes the electroconductive rib 61 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the anode-side frame 51 , the current collector 71 that is held by the electroconductive rib 61 , and the electroconductive elastic body (second elastic body) 81 that is held by the current collector 71 .
  • the anode 41 is pushed by the elastic body 81 toward the cathode 20 .
  • the electrolysis vessel 3000 offers further easy assembly of the electrolysis vessel.
  • the separating membrane 10 receives the pressure from the elastic bodies on both the anode side and the cathode side, which makes it easy to suppress deformation of the separating membrane 10 in the vicinity of the periphery of the second electrode 41 .
  • the above described effects concerning the electrolysis vessel 1000 may be also obtained.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 4000 according to such another embodiment (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 4000 ”).
  • electrolysis vessel 4000 an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 4000 according to such another embodiment (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 4000 ”).
  • the electrolysis vessel 4000 includes the electroconductive anode-side frame 51 defining the anode chamber A; the electroconductive cathode-side frame 52 defining the cathode chamber C; the assembly 100 sandwiched between and held by the anode-side frame 51 and the cathode-side frame 52 so that the anode-side frame 51 is in contact with the first face 31 and the cathode-side frame 52 is in contact with the second face 32 ; and an anode (second electrode) 42 arranged in contact with the second membrane face 12 of the separating membrane 10 , wherein the anode 42 is not held by the gasket 30 .
  • the assembly 100 is arranged so that the first membrane face 11 of the separating membrane 10 faces the cathode chamber C, and the second membrane face 12 of the separating membrane 10 faces the anode chamber A.
  • the cathode (first electrode) 20 is a flexible porous plate (first porous plate)
  • the anode (second electrode) 42 is a flexible porous plate (second porous plate).
  • the electrolysis vessel 4000 includes the electroconductive rib 62 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the cathode-side frame 52 , the current collector 72 that is held by the electroconductive rib 62 , and the electroconductive elastic body (first elastic body) 82 that is held by the current collector 72 .
  • the cathode 20 is pushed by the elastic body 82 toward the anode 42 .
  • the electrolysis vessel 4000 also includes the electroconductive rib 61 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the anode-side frame 51 , the current collector 71 that is held by the electroconductive rib 61 , the electroconductive elastic body (second elastic body) 81 that is held by the current collector 71 , and an electroconductive rigid current collector 91 that is arranged between the elastic body 81 and the anode 42 .
  • the anode 42 is pushed by the elastic body 81 toward the cathode 20 via the rigid current collector 91 .
  • the rigid current collector 91 is arranged so that the second electrode (anode) 42 is sandwiched between the rigid current collector 91 and the separating membrane 10 .
  • the second electrode (anode) 42 is supported by the rigid current collector 91 .
  • any known electroconductive rigid current collector may be used.
  • an expanded metal or punching metal made from an alkali-resistant rigid electroconductive material may be preferably employed.
  • the material of the rigid current collector 91 include simple metals such as nickel and iron; stainless steel such as SUS304, SUS310, SUS310S, SUS316, and SUS316L; and metals obtained by nickeling any of them.
  • the rigid current collector 91 may be, but is not necessarily held by the elastic body 81 .
  • any known means such as welding, pinning, and bolting may be employed without particular limitations.
  • the electrolysis vessel 4000 offers further easy assembly of the electrolysis vessel.
  • the elastic body 81 pushes the second electrode 42 via the rigid current collector 91 (that is, the second electrode 42 is supported by the rigid current collector 91 from the back), which offers further uniform pressure all over the faces of both electrodes by which both electrodes are pushed toward the separating membrane 10 even when the second electrode, which is not united with the assembly into one body, is flexible, and thus offers further uniform current density.
  • the separating membrane 10 receives the pressure from the elastic bodies on both the anode side and the cathode side, which makes it easy to suppress deformation of the separating membrane 10 in the vicinity of the gasket 30 .
  • the above described effects concerning the electrolysis vessel 1000 may be also obtained.
  • the electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis 1000 , 2000 , 3000 and 4000 including the assembly 100 ( FIG. 2 ) of uniting the separating membrane 10 and cathode 20 with the gasket 30 into one body, or the assembly 200 ( FIG. 3 ) of uniting the separating membrane 10 and the anode 40 with the gasket 30 into one body have been described as an example.
  • the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
  • an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis of the embodiment of including the assembly 300 ( FIG. 4 ) of uniting the separating membrane 10 , the cathode 20 , and the anode 40 with the gasket 30 into one body may be employed.
  • electrolysis vessel 5000 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 5000 according to such another embodiment (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 5000 ”).
  • electrolysis vessel 5000 elements already shown in FIGS. 2 to 8 are given the same reference signs as in FIGS. 2 to 8 , and the description thereof may be omitted. As shown in FIG. 9 , elements already shown in FIGS. 2 to 8 are given the same reference signs as in FIGS. 2 to 8 , and the description thereof may be omitted. As shown in FIG.
  • the electrolysis vessel 5000 includes the electroconductive anode-side frame 51 defining the anode chamber A; the electroconductive cathode-side frame 52 defining the cathode chamber C; and the assembly 300 sandwiched between and held by the anode-side frame 51 and the cathode-side frame 52 so that the anode-side frame 51 is in contact with the first face 31 and the cathode-side frame 52 is in contact with the second face 32 .
  • the assembly 300 is arranged so that the anode 40 faces the anode chamber A, and the cathode 20 faces the cathode chamber C.
  • the cathode (first electrode) 20 is a flexible porous plate (first porous plate).
  • the anode (second electrode) 40 may be a flexible porous plate (second porous plate), and may be a rigid porous plate.
  • the electrolysis vessel 5000 includes the electroconductive rib 62 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the cathode-side frame 52 , the current collector 72 that is held by the electroconductive rib 62 , and the electroconductive elastic body (first elastic body) 82 that is held by the current collector 72 .
  • the cathode 20 is pushed by the elastic body 82 toward the anode 40 .
  • the electrolysis vessel 5000 also includes the electroconductive rib 61 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the anode-side frame 51 , and the current collector 71 that is held by the electroconductive rib 61 .
  • the anode 40 is supported by the current collector 71 from the back.
  • the electrolysis vessel 5000 includes the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis 300 , which makes it possible for the separating membrane 10 and the cathode 20 to be in direct contact with each other all over the faces thereof (that is, even the periphery), and also makes it possible for the separating membrane 10 and the anode 40 to be in direct contact with each other all over the faces thereof (that is, even the periphery).
  • the electrolysis vessel 5000 offers reduced operating voltage and energy loss more than conventional zero-gap electrolysis vessels.
  • the electrolysis vessel 5000 offers easy assembly of the electrolysis vessel.
  • the gasket 30 includes the continuous part 36 sealing the outer peripheral end of the slit part 33 on the outer peripheral side of the slit part 33 , which makes it possible for capillary action to prevent an electrolytic solution and gas from leaking from an end part of the separating membrane 10 to the outside of the electrolysis vessel.
  • the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 5000 of the embodiment of including the current collector 71 supported by the electroconductive rib 61 , and supporting the anode 40 by the current collector 71 from the back has been described as an example.
  • the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
  • an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis of the embodiment of not including the current collector 71 when the anode 40 is a rigid porous electrode, and directly supporting the anode 40 by the electroconductive rib 61 from the back may be employed.
  • the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 5000 of the embodiment of pushing the cathode 20 of a flexible porous plate toward the anode 40 by the elastic body 82 , and supporting the anode 40 by the electroconductive rib 61 and the current collector 71 from the back has been described as an example.
  • the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
  • an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis of the embodiment of pushing an anode of a flexible porous plate toward a cathode by an elastic body, and supporting the cathode by an electroconductive rib and a current collector from the back may be employed.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 6000 according to such another embodiment (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 6000 ”).
  • electrolysis vessel 6000 an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 6000 according to such another embodiment.
  • elements already shown in FIGS. 2 to 9 are given the same reference signs as in FIGS. 2 to 9 , and the description thereof may be omitted.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 6000 according to such another embodiment.
  • the electrolysis vessel 6000 includes the electroconductive anode-side frame 51 defining the anode chamber A; the electroconductive cathode-side frame 52 defining the cathode chamber C; and the assembly 300 sandwiched between and held by the anode-side frame 51 and the cathode-side frame 52 so that the anode-side frame 51 is in contact with the first face 31 and the cathode-side frame 52 is in contact with the second face 32 .
  • the assembly 300 is arranged so that the anode 40 faces the anode chamber A, and the cathode 20 faces the cathode chamber C.
  • the anode (first electrode) 40 is a flexible porous plate (first porous plate).
  • the cathode (second electrode) 20 may be a flexible porous plate (second porous plate), and may be a rigid porous plate.
  • the electrolysis vessel 6000 includes the electroconductive rib 61 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the anode-side frame 51 , the current collector 71 that is held by the electroconductive rib 61 , and the electroconductive elastic body (first elastic body) 81 that is held by the current collector 71 .
  • the anode 40 is pushed by the elastic body 81 toward the cathode 20 .
  • the electrolysis vessel 6000 also includes the electroconductive rib 62 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the cathode-side frame 52 , and the current collector 72 that is held by the electroconductive rib 62 .
  • the cathode 20 is supported by the current collector 72 from the back.
  • the same effects as the above described electrolysis vessel 5000 may be obtained from the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 6000 of such an embodiment.
  • the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 6000 of the embodiment of including the current collector 72 supported by the electroconductive rib 62 , and supporting the cathode 20 by the current collector 72 from the back has been described as an example.
  • the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
  • an embodiment of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis is not necessarily comprise the current collector 72 when the cathode 20 is a rigid porous electrode, and directly supporting the cathode 20 by the electroconductive rib 62 from the back.
  • the electrolysis vessels for alkaline water electrolysis 5000 and 6000 of the embodiment of pushing the first electrode of a flexible porous plate toward the second electrode by the electroconductive first elastic body, and supporting the second electrode by the electroconductive rib from the back have been described as an example.
  • the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
  • an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis of the embodiment of pushing the first electrode of a flexible porous plate toward the second electrode by the electroconductive first elastic body, and pushing the second electrode toward the first electrode by the electroconductive second elastic body may be employed.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 7000 according to such another embodiment (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 7000 ”).
  • electrolysis vessel 7000 an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 7000 according to such another embodiment.
  • elements already shown in FIGS. 2 to 10 are given the same reference signs as in FIGS. 2 to 10 , and the description thereof may be omitted.
  • FIG. 11 elements already shown in FIGS. 2 to 10 are given the same reference signs as in FIGS. 2 to 10 , and the description thereof may be omitted. As shown in FIG.
  • the electrolysis vessel 7000 includes the electroconductive anode-side frame 51 defining the anode chamber A; the electroconductive cathode-side frame 52 defining the cathode chamber C; and the assembly 300 sandwiched between and held by the anode-side frame 51 and the cathode-side frame 52 so that the anode-side frame 51 is in contact with the first face 31 and the cathode-side frame 52 is in contact with the second face 32 .
  • the assembly 300 is arranged so that the anode 40 faces the anode chamber A, and the cathode 20 faces the cathode chamber C.
  • At least one of the cathode (first electrode) 20 and the anode (second electrode) 40 is a flexible porous plate. Both the cathode (first electrode) 20 and the anode (second electrode) 40 may be flexible porous plates. Preferably, one of the cathode (first electrode) 20 and the anode (second electrode) 40 is a flexible porous plate, and the other thereof is a rigid porous plate.
  • the electrolysis vessel 7000 includes the electroconductive rib 62 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the cathode-side frame 52 , the current collector 72 that is held by the electroconductive rib 62 , and the electroconductive elastic body (first elastic body) 82 that is held by the current collector 72 .
  • the cathode 20 is pushed by the elastic body 82 toward the anode 40 .
  • the electrolysis vessel 7000 also includes the electroconductive rib 61 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the anode-side frame 51 , the current collector 71 that is held by the electroconductive rib 61 , and the electroconductive elastic body (second elastic body) 81 that is held by the current collector 71 .
  • the anode 40 is pushed by the elastic body 81 toward the cathode 20 .
  • the same effects as the above described electrolysis vessel 5000 may be obtained from the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 7000 of such an embodiment.
  • the separating membrane 10 receives the pressure from the elastic bodies on both the anode side and the cathode side, which makes it easy to suppress deformation of the separating membrane 10 in the vicinity of the gasket 30 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 8000 (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 8000 ”) according to still another embodiment.
  • electrolysis vessel 8000 an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 8000 (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 8000 ”) according to still another embodiment.
  • elements already shown in FIGS. 2 to 11 are given the same reference signs as in FIGS. 2 to 11 , and the description thereof may be omitted.
  • the electrolysis vessel 8000 includes the electroconductive anode-side frame 51 defining the anode chamber A; the electroconductive cathode-side frame 52 defining the cathode chamber C; and the assembly 300 sandwiched between and held by the anode-side frame 51 and the cathode-side frame 52 so that the anode-side frame 51 is in contact with the first face 31 and the cathode-side frame 52 is in contact with the second face 32 .
  • the assembly 300 is arranged so that the anode 40 faces the anode chamber A, and the cathode 20 faces the cathode chamber C.
  • the cathode (first electrode) 20 is a flexible porous plate (first porous plate).
  • the anode (second electrode) 40 may be a rigid porous plate, and may be a flexible porous plate (second porous plate).
  • the anode (second electrode) 40 is preferably a flexible porous plate.
  • the electrolysis vessel 8000 includes the electroconductive rib 62 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the cathode-side frame 52 , the current collector 72 that is held by the electroconductive rib 62 , and the electroconductive elastic body (first elastic body) 82 that is held by the current collector 72 .
  • the cathode 20 is pushed by the elastic body 82 toward the anode 40 .
  • the electrolysis vessel 8000 also includes the electroconductive rib 61 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the anode-side frame 51 , the current collector 71 that is held by the electroconductive rib 61 , the electroconductive elastic body (second elastic body) 81 that is held by the current collector 71 , and the electroconductive rigid current collector 91 that is arranged between the elastic body 81 and the anode 40 .
  • the anode 40 is pushed by the elastic body 81 toward the cathode 20 via the rigid current collector 91 . That is, in the electrolysis vessel 8000 , the rigid current collector 91 is arranged so that the second electrode (anode) 40 is sandwiched between the rigid current collector 91 and the separating membrane 10 .
  • the second electrode (anode) 40 is supported by the rigid current collector 91 .
  • the elastic body 81 pushes the anode 40 via the rigid current collector 91 (that is, the anode 40 is supported by the rigid current collector 91 from the back), which offers further uniform pressure all over the faces of both electrodes by which both electrodes are pushed toward the separating membrane 10 even when both the anode 40 and the cathode 20 are flexible, and thus offers further uniform current density.
  • the above described effects concerning the electrolysis vessel 7000 may be also obtained.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 9000 (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 9000 ”) according to such another embodiment.
  • electrolysis vessel 9000 an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 9000 according to such another embodiment.
  • the electrolysis vessel 9000 includes the electroconductive anode-side frame 51 defining the anode chamber A; the electroconductive cathode-side frame 52 defining the cathode chamber C; and the assembly 300 sandwiched between and held by the anode-side frame 51 and the cathode-side frame 52 so that the anode-side frame 51 is in contact with the first face 31 and the cathode-side frame 52 is in contact with the second face 32 .
  • the assembly 300 is arranged so that the anode 40 faces the anode chamber A, and the cathode 20 faces the cathode chamber C.
  • the anode (first electrode) 40 is a flexible porous plate (first porous plate).
  • the cathode (second electrode) 20 may be a rigid porous plate, and may be a flexible porous plate (second porous plate).
  • the cathode (second electrode) 20 is preferably a flexible porous plate.
  • the electrolysis vessel 9000 includes the electroconductive rib 61 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the anode-side frame 51 , the current collector 71 that is held by the electroconductive rib 61 , and the electroconductive elastic body (first elastic body) 81 that is held by the current collector 71 .
  • the anode 40 is pushed by the elastic body 81 toward the cathode 20 .
  • the electrolysis vessel 9000 also includes the electroconductive rib 62 that is provided so as to stick out from the inner wall of the cathode-side frame 52 , the current collector 72 that is held by the electroconductive rib 62 , the electroconductive elastic body (second elastic body) 82 that is held by the current collector 72 , and the electroconductive rigid current collector 91 that is arranged between the elastic body 82 and the cathode 20 .
  • the cathode 20 is pushed by the elastic body 82 toward the anode 40 via the rigid current collector 91 . That is, in the electrolysis vessel 9000 , the rigid current collector 91 is arranged so that the second electrode (cathode) 20 is sandwiched between the rigid current collector 91 and the separating membrane 10 .
  • the second electrode (cathode) 20 is supported by the rigid current collector 91 .
  • the same effects as the above described electrolysis vessel 8000 may be also obtained from the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 9000 of such an embodiment. That is, according to the electrolysis vessel 9000 , the elastic body 82 pushes the cathode 20 via the rigid current collector 91 (that is, the cathode 20 is supported by the rigid current collector 91 from the back), which offers further uniform pressure all over the faces of both electrodes by which both electrodes are pushed toward the separating membrane 10 even when both the anode 40 and the cathode 20 are flexible, and thus offers further uniform current density.
  • the above described effects concerning the electrolysis vessel 7000 may be also obtained.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematically explanatory cross-sectional view of an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 10000 (hereinafter may be referred to as “electrolysis vessel 10000 ”) according to such another embodiment.
  • electrolysis vessel 10000 an electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 10000
  • the electrolysis vessel 10000 includes the electroconductive anode-side frame 51 defining the anode chamber A; the electroconductive cathode-side frame 52 defining the cathode chamber C; and the assembly 300 sandwiched between and held by the anode-side frame 51 and the cathode-side frame 52 so that the anode-side frame 51 is in contact with the first face 31 and the cathode-side frame 52 is in contact with the second face 32 .
  • the assembly 300 is arranged so that the anode 40 faces the anode chamber A, and the cathode 20 faces the cathode chamber C.
  • at least one of the cathode (first electrode) 20 and the anode (second electrode) 40 is a flexible porous plate. Both the cathode (first electrode) 20 and the anode (second electrode) 40 may be flexible porous plates.
  • one of the cathode (first electrode) 20 and the anode (second electrode) 40 is a flexible porous plate, and the other thereof is a rigid porous plate.
  • the electrolysis vessel 10000 includes the electroconductive elastic body (first elastic body) 82 that is arranged between the electroconductive backside separating wall 52 a of the cathode-side frame 52 and the cathode 20 so as to be in direct contact with the backside separating wall 52 a and the cathode 20 .
  • the cathode 20 is pushed by the elastic body 82 toward the anode 40 .
  • the electrolysis vessel 10000 also includes the electroconductive elastic body (second elastic body) 81 that is arranged between the electroconductive backside separating wall 51 a of the anode-side frame 51 and the anode 40 so as to be in direct contact with the backside separating wall 51 a and the anode 40 .
  • the anode 40 is pushed by the elastic body 81 toward the cathode 20 .
  • the effects same as the above described electrolysis vessel 7000 may be also obtained from the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 10000 of such an embodiment.
  • the anode chamber A and the cathode chamber C do not include any electroconductive rib, which makes it possible to thinner each electrolytic cell, which offers a downsized electrolysis vessel, which offers increased gas production per occupied site area.
  • One or both of the anode chamber and the cathode chamber include(s) no electroconductive rib, which makes it possible to reduce materials to constitute the electrolysis vessel, and steps necessary for making the electrolysis vessel.
  • Alkaline water was electrolyzed under the conditions of: current-carrying cross section 0.5 dm 2 , electrode solution temperature 80° C., KOH concentration 25 mass %, and current density 60 A/dm 2 , using the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis 5000 ( FIG. 9 ) including the membrane-electrode-gasket assembly for alkaline water electrolysis 300 ( FIG. 4 ), which is encompassed in the present invention, to measure a necessary voltage.
  • Alkaline water was electrolyzed under the same conditions as in the example except that a zero-gap electrolysis vessel having a conventional structure of not uniting a gasket and electrodes into one body (see FIG. 1 ) was used instead of the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis used in example, to measure a necessary voltage.
  • the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis used in example made it possible to reduce a voltage necessary for electrolysis by 1.5% compared to the conventional zero-gap electrolysis vessel used in comparative example although their electric conduction area and current value were the same. This shows that an increased area where zero-gap was achieved (the electrodes and the separating membrane were in direct contact with each other) led to a further uniform current flow all over the conducting surface. While crystal deposition due to leakage of the electrode solution was confirmed around the gasket of the electrolysis vessel of comparative example one day after the start of the electrolysis, no crystal deposition due to leakage of the electrode solution was confirmed in the electrolysis vessel for alkaline water electrolysis used in example even after the electrolysis had continued for 2 weeks.

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US20230243047A1 (en) * 2022-02-01 2023-08-03 Verdagy, Inc. Electrolyzer cell and methods of using and manufacturing the same
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US20230143558A1 (en) 2023-05-11

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