US20200338227A1 - Materials and methods for deoderization of mammalian urine - Google Patents

Materials and methods for deoderization of mammalian urine Download PDF

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US20200338227A1
US20200338227A1 US16/754,128 US201816754128A US2020338227A1 US 20200338227 A1 US20200338227 A1 US 20200338227A1 US 201816754128 A US201816754128 A US 201816754128A US 2020338227 A1 US2020338227 A1 US 2020338227A1
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odor
canceled
personal care
care product
salt
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Pinaki R. Majhi
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K11/00—Closets without flushing; Urinals without flushing; Chamber pots; Chairs with toilet conveniences or specially adapted for use with toilets
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
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    • A61F5/441—Devices worn by the patient for reception of urine, faeces, catamenial or other discharge; Portable urination aids; Colostomy devices having venting or deodorant means, e.g. filters ; having antiseptic means, e.g. bacterial barriers
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    • C05F3/04—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure from human faecal masses
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    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K11/00—Closets without flushing; Urinals without flushing; Chamber pots; Chairs with toilet conveniences or specially adapted for use with toilets
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    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
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Definitions

  • Absorbent products intended readily to absorb discharged body fluids are well known in the art.
  • disposable diapers, adult incontinence products, training pants, and feminine care products often employ water-swellable, generally water-insoluble, absorbent materials known in the art as superabsorbents.
  • superabsorbents are generally capable of absorbing at least about 10, and up to 100, times their weight in water.
  • the use of such superabsorbent materials in absorbent products greatly increases the absorbent capacity of the absorbent products while allowing for a reduction in their bulk.
  • the concentration of superabsorbent materials used in absorbent products has been increasing.
  • This invention relates to the controlling or neutralizing of offensive odors of mammalian urine.
  • the present invention relates to personal care products (e.g., diapers, pads), deodorizing colloidal compositions, urine-based fertilizers, portable urination systems, and methods of their use.
  • deodorizing colloidal compositions, urine-based fertilizers, portable urination systems are all characterized in that they contain an acrylate polymer comprising at least one acrylic acid monomer or salt thereof, which imparts a odor-neutralizing effect.
  • one aspect of the invention provides a personal care product, comprising an absorbent core mixed with an odor-neutralizing polymer, and a solid support; wherein the absorbent core and the solid support are adjacently disposed; the absorbent core comprises a dry, solid, water-swellable polymeric sorbent; and the odor-neutralizing polymer comprises an acrylate polymer comprising at least one acrylic acid monomer or salt thereof.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a colloidal composition, comprising an odor-neutralizing polymer and an aqueous solution, wherein the odor-neutralizing polymer is dispersed in the aqueous solution; and the odor-neutralizing polymer comprises an acrylate polymer comprises at least one acrylic acid monomer.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention provides a waterless urination system, comprising a disposable container; a toilet bowl; and a tube connecting the toilet bowl to the disposable container; wherein the tube is at least partially hollow; and the disposable container comprises a dry, solid, water-swellable polymeric sorbent comprising an odor-neutralizing polymeric compound comprising one or more acrylic acid monomers or salts thereof, and optionally one or more additives.
  • Still another aspect of the invention provides a fertilizer composition, comprising urine; and an odor-neutralizing polymeric sorbent comprising an acrylate polymer, and optionally one or more additives; wherein the acrylate polymer comprises at least one acrylic acid monomer.
  • a method for reducing urine odor in a personal care product to a level below human detection comprising exposing a urine sample to a personal care product comprising an absorbent core mixed with one or more odor-neutralizing polymers, and a solid support; wherein the absorbent core and the solid support are adjacently disposed; the absorbent core comprises a dry, solid, water-swellable polymeric sorbent; and the odor-neutralizing polymer comprises an acrylate polymer comprising at least one acrylic acid monomer or salt thereof.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides method for reducing urine odor to a level below human detection, comprising exposing a urine sample to a composition comprising an odor-neutralizing polymer comprising an acrylate polymer, wherein the acrylate polymer comprises at least one acrylic acid monomer.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention provides a reducing urine odor to a level below human detection comprising exposing a urine sample a waterless urination system comprising a disposable container; a toilet bowl; a tube connecting the toilet bowl to the disposable container; and a movable object disposed at the center of the toilet bowl and covering the opening of the tube connecting the toilet bowl to the disposable container; wherein the disposable container contains one or more odor-neutralizing polymers comprising one or more acrylic acid monomers or salts thereof, and optionally one or more additives; and the movable object allows for the free passage of liquid between the toilet bowl and the disposable container when open, and seals the toilet bowl from the disposable container when closed.
  • the acrylic acid monomer is a moiety having the structure:
  • R is C 10 -C 30 -alkyl, C 10 -C 30 -haloalkyl, C 10 -C 30 -alkoxy, C 10 -C 30 -haloalkoxy, C 10 -C 30 -alkenyl, or polysiloxane;
  • x is an integer from 1 to about 10,000;
  • y is an integer from 0 to about 1,000.
  • FIG. 1 is a drawing of a feminine hygiene product.
  • FIG. 2 is a drawing of an adult incontinence product.
  • FIG. 3 is a drawing of a cross-section of an adult incontinence product.
  • FIG. 4 is a drawing of an absorbent underpant.
  • FIG. 5 is an exemplary embodiment of a waterless urination system of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 depicts the samples described in Example 1.
  • FIG. 7 depicts the samples described in Example 2.
  • FIG. 8A depicts the samples described in Example 4.
  • FIG. 8B depicts the samples described in Example 4.
  • FIG. 9 depicts the samples described in Example 5.
  • This invention relates to the controlling or neutralizing of offensive odors associated with mammalian urine.
  • the present invention thus relates to a deodorizing personal care products, such as diapers, training pants, absorbent underpants, adult incontinence products, feminine hygiene products, and the like, and methods of use thereof.
  • personal care products can be made in one or several layers and are intended for absorption of urine.
  • the present personal care products are characterized in that they contain, in an inner area or layer, an acrylate polymer comprising at least one acrylic acid monomer or salt thereof, which imparts an odor-neutralizing effect.
  • the present invention also relates to deodorized colloidal compositions, urine-based fertilizers, portable urination systems, and methods of their use.
  • deodorizing colloidal compositions, urine-based fertilizers, portable urination systems are all characterized in that they contain an acrylate polymer comprising at least one acrylic acid monomer or salt thereof, which imparts a odor-neutralizing effect.
  • Alkyl refers to a fully saturated cyclic or acyclic, branched or unbranched carbon chain moiety having the number of carbon atoms specified, or up to 30 carbon atoms if no specification is made.
  • alkyl of 10 to 30 carbon atoms includes decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl and tetracosyl.
  • a straight chain or branched chain alkyl has between 10 and 30 carbon atoms in its backbone.
  • alkoxyl or “alkoxy” as used herein refers to an alkyl group, as defined below, having an oxygen moiety attached thereto.
  • Alkenyl refers to any cyclic or acyclic, branched or unbranched unsaturated carbon chain moiety having the number of carbon atoms specified, or up to 30 carbon atoms if no limitation on the number of carbon atoms is specified; and having one or more double bonds in the moiety.
  • Alkenyl of 10 to 30 carbon atoms is exemplified by decenyl, undecenyl, dodenyl, tridecenyl, tetradecenyl, pentadecenyl, hexadecenyl, heptadecenyl, octadecenyl, nonadecenyl, eicosenyl, heneicosoenyl, docosenyl, tricosenyl, and tetracosenyl, in their various isomeric forms, where the unsaturated bond(s) can be located any wherein the moiety and can have either the (Z) or the (E) configuration about the double bond(s).
  • the term “substituted” is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds.
  • the permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, aromatic and nonaromatic substituents of organic compounds.
  • Illustrative substituents include, for example, those described herein above.
  • the permissible substituents can be one or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds.
  • the heteroatoms such as nitrogen may have hydrogen substituents and/or any permissible substituents of organic compounds described herein which satisfy the valences of the heteroatoms.
  • substitution or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc.
  • halogen designates —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I.
  • haloalkyl means at least one halogen, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein.
  • haloalkoxy means at least one halogen, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group, as defined herein.
  • polysiloxane means a group represented by the formulae —(OSiH 2 ) n OH and —(OSiH 2 ) n .
  • Polysiloxanes include branched compounds, the defining feature of which is that each pair of silicon centres is separated by one oxygen atom.
  • each expression e.g., alkyl, m, n, etc., when it occurs more than once in any structure, is intended to be independent of its definition elsewhere in the same structure.
  • mammal includes, but is not limited to, humans (i.e., a male or female of any age group, e.g., a pediatric subject (e.g., infant, child, adolescent) or adult subject (e.g., young adult, middle-aged adult or senior adult)) and/or other primates (e.g., cynomolgus monkeys, rhesus monkeys); mammals, including commercially relevant mammals, including work animals as well as household pets, such as cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, cats, and/or dogs; and/or birds, including commercially relevant birds such as chickens, ducks, geese, quail, and/or turkeys.
  • Preferred mammals are humans, dogs, and cats.
  • compositions of the present invention comprise odor-neutralizing polymers and copolymers.
  • An example of the polymers and copolymers of the compositions of the present invention comprise acrylic acid based polymers or copolymers (AAP). Acrylic acid polymer products are produced or distributed by several companies (Table 1).
  • AAPs can be linear polymers of acrylic acid, or polymers crosslinked with polyalkenyl ethers or divinyl glycol or other crosslinkers. It has been reported that when these AAPs have been polymerized under the same conditions and using the same recipe as the crosslinked grades, but without the crosslinked monomer, the weight average molecular weights are in the order of about 500,000 (“Molecular weight of Carbopol® and Pemulen® polymers”, Noveon, Inc., 2001, TDS 222). The molecular weight of crosslinked polymers is in the billions. There are two major types of crosslinked polymers:
  • homopolymers which are polymers of acrylic acid crosslinked, for example with allyl sucrose or allylpentaerythritol;
  • copolymers which are polymers of acrylic acid modified by long chain (C 10 -C 30 ) alkyl acrylates, and crosslinked, for example with allylpentaerythritol.
  • odor-neutralizing polymers that comprise one or more acrylic acid monomers.
  • the one or more acrylic acid monomer is a moiety having the structure:
  • R is C 10 -C 30 -alkyl, C 10 -C 30 -haloalkyl, C 10 -C 30 -alkoxy, C 10 -C 30 -haloalkoxy, C 10 -C 30 -alkenyl, or polysiloxane;
  • x is an integer from 1 to about 10,000;
  • y is an integer from 0 to about 1,000.
  • R is C 10 -C 30 -alkyl.
  • y is 0.
  • x is an integer from about 1000 to about 5000; and y is 0.
  • linear acrylic acid polymers are soluble in polar solvents, such as water, crosslinked polymers do not dissolve in water, instead they swell.
  • crosslinked polymers In a solution of crosslinked polymers with a concentration of up to 1%, no significant swelling occurs until the crosslinked polymers are partially neutralized with an appropriate base to form a salt. When this salt dissolves and ionizes, the crosslinked polymers swell into a thickened form (“Application technology for Carbopol® resins and cosmetic formulations”, Noveon, Inc., 2001, TDS 60).
  • the backbone of acrylic acid homopolymers is the same, and the main difference between these types of polymers is related to crosslink density and molecular weight, rather than that type of monomer that is used as the crosslinking agent.
  • crosslink density With very minor adjustments in the crosslinker density, one can produce a large number of AAP products similar in gross molecular structure but varying in application properties, for example, viscosity.
  • Crosslink density can be varied by minor shifts in position of the crosslinker on the acrylic backbone.
  • the present invention comprises compositions of linear polymers or copolymers that deodorize mammalian urine.
  • polymers and copolymers are used interchangeably herein, and polymer includes copolymer.
  • one embodiment of the present invention comprises compositions that deodorize mammalian urine.
  • compositions of the present invention comprise acrylic acid polymers and copolymers.
  • a composition comprises an effective amount of an acrylic acid polymer or copolymer in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient composition.
  • a composition comprises an AAP in range of about 1 microgram to 5 g per dose or application, or a composition may comprise from about 0.001% wt to about 99% wt of one or more AAPs. Ranges of AAPs in compositions include from about less than 0.05%, from about 0.001% wt.
  • the present invention comprises synthetic water soluble and water-swelling polymers. These polymers are commonly synthesized from water-soluble monomers, like: acrylic acid (AA) and its sodium salt, acrylamide (AM), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), vinylyyrolidone (VP), quaternary ammonium salt, like dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and etc. They generally follow the free radical polymerization mechanism.
  • AA acrylic acid
  • AM acrylamide
  • HEMA hydroxyethyl methacrylate
  • HAA hydroxyethyl acrylate
  • VP vinylyyrolidone
  • quaternary ammonium salt like dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and etc.
  • DAAC dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride
  • Solution polymerization is commonly used in the synthesis of linear, low molecular weight water-soluble polymers.
  • Poly(acrylic acid) and its copolymers, and polyacrylamide and its copolymer with DMDAAC are polymerized in solution.
  • inverse suspension/emulsion processes are used in order to synthesize the high molecular weight poly(acrylic acid), polyacrylamide and their copolymers.
  • the water-soluble monomers are polymerized in a homogenous aqueous solution in the presence of free-radical initiators, mostly redox couples.
  • the solution process requires low operating costs, principally in the avoidance of materials such as organic phases and emulsifiers.
  • Linear, high molecule weight, polyacrylamide-based polymers are commercially synthesized through inverse emulsion (W/O, 0.05-1 ⁇ m) polymerization, while the production of lightly crosslinked, poly(acrylic acid)-based polymers is generally manufactured by inverse suspension (W/O, 0.05-2 mm) polymerization.
  • W/O inverse emulsion
  • W/O lightly crosslinked, poly(acrylic acid)-based polymers
  • W/O inverse suspension
  • the aqueous monomer mixture i.e., water phase
  • an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon phase i.e., oil phase
  • the size of particles strongly depends on the chemical and physical properties of the emulsifiers or dispersing agents used.
  • Nonlimiting examples of such polymers or copolymers include, but are not limited to, linear acrylic acid-based polymers, crosslinked acrylic acid-based polymers, high molecular weight crosslinked acrylic acid-based polymers, polymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with allyl sucrose, polymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with allylpentaerythritol, polymers of acrylic acid, modified by long chain (C 10 -C 30 ) acrylates, polymers of acrylic acid, modified by long chain (C 10 -C 30 ) acrylates that are crosslinked with allylpentaerythritol, copolymers of acrylic acid, modified by long chain (C 10 -C 30 ) alkyl acrylates, and copolymers of acrylic acid, modified by long chain (C 10 -C 30 ) alkyl acrylates crosslinked with allylpentaerythritol, polymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with divinyl glycol, homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with an allyl ether of pena
  • Some personal care products are designed to be removed and discarded after a single use.
  • single use it is meant that the disposable absorbent incontinence product will be disposed of after being used once instead of being laundered or cleaned for reuse, as is typical of regular cloth underwear.
  • Examples of some commercially available disposable absorbent incontinence products include diapers, training pants, pads, pantyliners, fitted briefs, belted shields, guards for men, protective underwear, and adjustable underwear.
  • a personal care product includes components such as: a liquid-permeable layer (e.g., body-side liner, surge layer, etc.), a liquid-impermeable layer which might have moisture vapor permeability or breathability (e.g., outer cover, ventilation layer, baffle, etc.), an absorbent core, an elastic member, and so forth.
  • a liquid-permeable layer e.g., body-side liner, surge layer, etc.
  • a liquid-impermeable layer which might have moisture vapor permeability or breathability (e.g., outer cover, ventilation layer, baffle, etc.)
  • an absorbent core e.g., an elastic member, and so forth.
  • absorbent articles are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,197,959 to Buell; U.S. Pat. No. 5,085,654 to Buell; U.S. Pat. No. 5,634,916 to Lavon, et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,569,2
  • the disposable absorbent incontinence underwear are similar in appearance, size, and shape to regular cloth underwear except that they are formed from a variety of different materials including absorbent and elastic materials.
  • the absorbent materials allow the disposable absorbent incontinence underwear to absorb and retain body waste while the elastic material permits the disposable absorbent incontinence underwear to conform snugly to the anatomy of the wearer's torso.
  • absorbent underpant 50 as shown in FIG. 4 has an outer cover or baffle 52 , a body-side liner 54 , and an absorbent core (not shown). Further discussion regarding absorbent underpants can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,240,569 to Van Gompel; U.S. Pat. No. 6,367,089 to Van Gompel; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004/0210205 A1 to Van Gompel et al., which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • disposable absorbent incontinence underwear has an open configuration.
  • an open configuration it is meant that the disposable absorbent incontinence underwear does not have a waist opening and a pair of leg openings before it is positioned about the wearer's torso.
  • disposable absorbent incontinence underwear having an open configuration has a relatively flat or convex shape before it is secured around the torso of the wearer.
  • disposable absorbent incontinence underwear having an open configuration has an approximately rectangular or hourglass shape.
  • a belted shield is still another type of a disposable absorbent incontinence product that has an open configuration and is held about the wearer's torso by a belt or a pair of straps, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,386,595 to Kuen et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,886,512 to Damico et al., which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • incontinence product is a guard for men, which resembles an absorbent pad that can conform to the male genitalia, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,558,659 to Sherrod et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Pad 10 While not ideal, some women wear feminine hygiene pads to absorb urine, such as the pad 10 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Pad 10 includes a body-side liner 14 , which extends to a pad perimeter 12 .
  • Underneath liner 14 is a tissue layer 17 and an absorbent core 16 .
  • the tissue may be substituted by a different odor-neutralizing polymer, such as a non-woven material.
  • feminine incontinence pads 30 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 have a baffle or outer cover 32 , a body-side liner 34 , and various layers in between, which includes an absorbent core 36 .
  • the absorbent core 36 has a body-facing surface adjacent the body-side liner 34 , a garment-facing surface adjacent the outer-cover 32 , and a pair of longitudinal sides.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section of one non-limiting example of incontinence product.
  • the body-side liner 34 is at the top of FIG. 3 .
  • the body-side liner 34 is designed to allow body fluid, particularly urine, to quickly pass through and be received by an absorbent core 36 .
  • the bodyside liner 34 is placed in contact with the genital area of a human body.
  • a surge layer 35 may be positioned below the liner 34 .
  • the surge layer 35 acts as a reservoir to accept large surges of liquid and slowly release them to the subsequent layers.
  • Below the surge layer 35 is the absorbent core 36 surrounded by a odor-neutralizing polymer in the form of a tissue wrap 37 .
  • the absorbent core 36 typically includes fluff and superabsorbent particles. The superabsorbent particles are loose and very small and therefore can escape onto the body or clothing unless contained.
  • the odor-neutralizing polymer or tissue wrap 37 serves to prevent superabsorbent particles from migrating from the absorbent core to the user's skin.
  • Under the odor-neutralizing polymer-wrapped absorbent core 36 is a baffle or outercover 32 .
  • the odor-neutralizing polymer is disposed onto the absorbent core 36 by wrapping it at least around the body-facing surface and longitudinal sides. A solid support such as tissue wrap 37 may be fully wrapped about the absorbent core 36 so that the garment-facing surface is covered as well.
  • the odor-neutralizing polymer covers as much as 100 percent the surface area of the body-facing surface of the absorbent core 36 .
  • the odor-neutralizing polymer is disposed onto the body-facing or the garment-facing surface of the absorbent core 36 .
  • two layers of odor-neutralizing polymer are used, one covering the body-facing surface of the absorbent core 36 , and the other, the garment-facing surface of the absorbent core 36 .
  • Airlaid layer 38 may be placed either below the tissue wrapped absorbent core 36 as shown, or above the tissue wrapped absorbent core 36 .
  • Pads typically have a thickness of about 2.5 centimeters (cm) or less. Desirably, the thickness of a pad is less than about 1 cm. More desirably, the thickness of a pad is less than about 0.7 cm.
  • a pad can have a length of from between about 15 cm to about 50 cm, and a width of from between about 2 cm to about 15 cm. Pads may have a rectangular, hourglass, or asymmetrical configuration.
  • a pantyliner is a relatively thin absorbent pad having a thickness of about 1 cm or less. Desirably, the thickness of a pantyliner is less than about 0.5 cm.
  • a pantyliner can have a length of from between about 15 cm to about 50 cm and a width of from between about 2 cm to about 15 cm.
  • the pantyliner may have a rectangular, hourglass or asymmetrical configuration and may contain the same components as the pad shown in FIG. 3 , or at least the body-side liner 34 , the solid support such as tissue wrap 37 , an absorbent core 36 , and an outer cover 32 .
  • the odor-neutralizing polymer is mixed into the absorbent core during the manufacture thereof. This ensures that the carbon particles are bound into the odor-neutralizing polymer and will not migrate to the article liner 34 .
  • the solid support is in the form of tissue wrap 37 is made using a conventional cellulose tissue manufacturing process except that activated carbon particles or fibers are added to the pulp slurry in a concentration sufficient to result in a tissue having an effective amount of activated carbon.
  • Conventional tissue products are made according to widely known papermaking-type processes. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,129,988 to Farrington, Jr.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,772,845 to Farrington, Jr. etal.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,554 to Edwards etal. each discloses various tissue-making methods, which are incorporated by reference.
  • the solid support is a super absorbent fiber, super absorbent laminate, or airlaid paper.
  • the super absorbent fiber has a fiber density of at least 1.4 g/mL. In some embodiments, the super absorbent fiber has a fiber density of about 1.4 g/mL.
  • the super absorbent fiber comprises a at least one synthetic fiber, at least one natural fiber, or a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the at least one synthetic fiber comprises polyester.
  • the present invention further provides methods for reducing urine odor in a personal care product to a level below human detection, comprising exposing a urine sample to a personal care product comprising an absorbent core mixed with one or more odor-neutralizing polymer, and a solid support; wherein the absorbent core and the solid support are adjacently disposed; the absorbent core comprises a dry, solid, water-swellable polymeric sorbent; and the odor-neutralizing polymer comprises an acrylate polymer comprising at least one acrylic acid monomer or salt thereof.
  • the urine sample is a human urine sample.
  • the current products for household urine control including odor distorters and eliminators use expensive chemicals and/or biological materials (e.g., enzymes, probiotics) that require special processes for manufacturing, processing, and/or handling and do not address the root cause of the smell.
  • the present invention thus provides a type of product that offers a simple, less expensive solution by addressing the root cause of smell at its source.
  • key odor-neutralizing polymers e.g., AAPs, e.g., Carbopol®
  • these products are designed in such a way that other components (when needed) such as oils, fragrances, preservatives, surfactant, and the like, can be included in the product.
  • colloidal composition comprising an odor-neutralizing polymer comprising an acrylate polymer and an aqueous solution, wherein the odor-neutralizing polymer is dispersed in the aqueous solution; and the acrylate polymer comprises at least one acrylic acid monomer.
  • the colloidal composition of the invention further comprises one or more odor-neutralizing agents and/or odor-counteracting agents.
  • the colloidal composition of the invention comprises an oil, a fragrance, a preservative, or a surfactant.
  • Exemplary odor-neutralizing agents include enzymes, peroxides, bicarbonate salts, surfactants or detergents, other polymers, lipids, oils, antibacterials, antimicrobials, probiotics, and the like.
  • Exemplary odor-counteracting agent include preservatives, fragrances, chelating agents, probiotics, enzymes, and oxygen boosters.
  • the odor-neutralizing agent is a metal oxide.
  • the metal oxide is calcium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, or titanium dioxide.
  • the colloidal composition of the invention comprises a colorant or a taste-altering substance.
  • compositions disclosed herein can be formulated by methods known in the art.
  • the composition is formulated as a microemulsion, an emulsion, a suspension, a spray, a solution, a foam, a gel, or an emulsion gel.
  • the present invention further provides methods for reducing urine odor to a level below human detection, comprising exposing a urine sample to a composition (e.g., a colloidal composition) comprising an odor-neutralizing polymer comprising an acrylate polymer, wherein the acrylate polymer comprises at least one acrylic acid monomer.
  • a composition e.g., a colloidal composition
  • the urine sample is a mammalian urine sample.
  • the mammal is a non-human (e.g., a cat or a dog).
  • the mammal is a felidae, equine, canine, bovine, primate, rodent, or bovidae.
  • Waterless urination systems were introduced in 1990s. This kind of system is in high demand worldwide, especially where proper septic or sewer systems do not exist. In these regions, contaminated river, lake, and/or pond water can deliver pathogens in drinking water and thus lead to extremely unhealthy conditions for the inhabitants.
  • Current waterless urination systems use oils, polymeric ball, or gel materials to deal with the ammonia and amines found in urine.
  • These systems further comprise secondary features that are designed to channel urine to an existing sewer or septic line. Alternatively, these systems incorporate features designed to collect the urine in a tank for longer term storage, e.g., until the tank is transported to a treatment facility for disposal or for use in certain products such as fertilizers.
  • the current waterless urination systems are stationary, expensive, and, in most cases, require an extended plumbing connection.
  • the waterless urination system of the present invention utilizes an in-situ neutralization of the basic components of urine (e.g., amines, amides, and the like) by an odor-neutralizing polymer (e.g., AAPs, e.g., Carbopol).
  • AAPs e.g., Carbopol
  • Existing waterless technology may be optionally incorporated into the existing waterless system (e.g., polymer ball or oil(s)).
  • existing waterless technology e.g., polymer ball or oil(s)
  • the features of existing waterless technology related to channelizing the urine to a large storage tank or to a sewer or septic line or any other disposal line are not required by the present technology.
  • a waterless urination system comprising a disposable container; a toilet bowl; and a tube connecting the toilet bowl to the disposable container comprising a dry, solid, water-swellable polymeric sorbent comprising a polymeric compound, comprising one or more odor-neutralizing polymers (e.g., polymers comprising at least one acrylic acid monomer or a salt thereof), and optionally one or more additives.
  • the tube is at least partially hollow, and, preferably, is entirely hollow.
  • the present invention also contemplates a new type of toilet bowl, wherein urine odor is controlled by the opening and closing of a lid or ball at the center of the toilet bowl.
  • the lid is open during urination and closed when not in use.
  • This opening and closing mechanism can be executed by manual operation using a connector whose one end is connected to the ball or lid and the other end is connected to a device or paddle that is operated by the user.
  • the opening and closing mechanisms is operated by a sensor (e.g., a UV ray).
  • the waterless urination system further comprises a movable object disposed at the center of the toilet bowl and covering the opening of the tube connecting the toilet bowl to the disposable container.
  • a movable object allows for the free passage of liquid between the toilet bowl and the disposable container when open, and seals the toilet bowl from the disposable container when closed.
  • a waterless urination system comprising a disposable container; a bodyside interface; and a tube connecting the bodyside interface to the disposable container comprising a dry, solid, water-swellable polymeric sorbent comprising a polymeric compound, comprising one or more odor-neutralizing polymers (e.g., polymers comprising at least one acrylic acid monomer or a salt thereof), and optionally one or more additives.
  • the tube is at least partially hollow, and, preferably, is entirely hollow.
  • the bodyside interface is an interface that facilities the transfer of urine and other waste products to the disposable container.
  • exemplary bodyside interfaces are polymer sheaths (e.g., a modified condom), cups, funnels, and catheters.
  • the polymer sheath comprises a biocompatible polymer (e.g., latex, nitrile, polyisoprene, or polyurethane).
  • the disposable container further comprises a connection unit.
  • the connection unit is connected to a second tube and the opposite end of the tube is connected to a waste storage unit, wherein the tube is at least partially hollow.
  • one end of disposable containers described herein can placed onto the subject's body and the other end on the floor or other location (e.g., of the spacecraft, flight or home floor).
  • the collecting component of these devices can be designed and attached to the pipe/tube in such a way that they can be detached/replaced with a push of a button (easy insert/locking mechanism).
  • Urine and other disposed materials can be stored conveniently next or below the toilet or just outside the toilet room in the disposable container, which can act as a storage system.
  • This storage system (without the toilet bowl) can be replaced with a new system (containing fresh odor-neutralizing polymer) when needed.
  • the storage system has a ventilation attachment for release of any gaseous material that can accumulate over long term storage.
  • the urine disposed materials can be used later for fertilizers, extracting important chemicals from urine, or other uses such as water recovery.
  • the waterless urination system disclosed herein eliminates the requirement of running water and channelizing urine safely to a sewer/septic/treatment system/center, which are of primary concern in areas where proper septic or sewer systems do not exist.
  • the present invention thus provides a cost effective, portable or stationary waterless urination system.
  • the present invention further provides a method for reducing urine odor to a level below human detection comprising exposing a urine sample a waterless urination system comprising
  • a disposable container a toilet bowl;
  • a movable object disposed at the center of the toilet bowl and covering the opening of the tube connecting the toilet bowl to the disposable container;
  • the disposable container contains one or more odor-neutralizing polymers comprising one or more acrylic acid monomers or salts thereof, and optionally one or more additives;
  • the movable object allows for the free passage of liquid between the toilet bowl and the disposable container when open, and seals the toilet bowl from the disposable container when closed.
  • the urine sample is a human urine sample.
  • the waterless urination systems disclosed herein are suitable for use by terrestrial in-flights aircrew, space mission crew, bedridden individuals, wheelchair-bound individuals, long-distance drivers (e.g., freight drivers) and other individuals who have limitation in accessing a toilet and/or restricted movement.
  • the method comprises:
  • the salt is nontoxic. In some embodiments, the salt is selected from sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium bromide, magnesium bromide, calcium bromide, sodium iodide, magnesium iodide, calcium iodide, sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate.
  • the water recovery method further comprises the step of contacting the contents of the disposable container with an acid, thereby adjusting the pH of the contents of the disposable container to at least less than 8.1.
  • the pH is adjusted to about pH 8, about pH 7.5, about pH 7, about pH 6.5, about pH 6, about pH 5.5, or about pH 5.
  • the acid is an inorganic acid.
  • the acid is hydrochloric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, or sulfuric acid.
  • separating the water from the mixture comprises distillation or filtration.
  • Urea has the highest nitrogen content of all solid nitrogenous fertilizers in common use. Therefore, it has the lowest transportation costs per unit of nitrogen nutrient.
  • AOB ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
  • Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria especially Nitrobacter, oxidize nitrite to nitrate, which is extremely mobile in soils because of its negative charge and is a major cause of water pollution from agriculture. Ammonium and nitrate are readily absorbed by plants, and are the dominant sources of nitrogen for plant growth. Urea is also used in many multi-component solid fertilizer formulations. Urea is highly soluble in water and is therefore also very suitable for use in fertilizer solutions (in combination with ammonium nitrate: UAN), e.g., in ‘foliar feed’ fertilizers. The most common impurity of synthetic urea is biuret, which impairs plant growth.
  • a urea-based fertilizer composition comprising urine; and a polymeric sorbent comprising an acrylate polymer, and optionally one or more additives; wherein the acrylate polymer comprises at least one acrylic acid monomer.
  • exemplary additives include antibacterials, antimicrobials, and bioenzymatic materials.
  • the fertilizer composition disclosed herein is provided as granules or prills.
  • the fertilizer composition disclosed herein is provided as granules.
  • Urea absorbs moisture from the atmosphere and therefore is typically stored either in closed or sealed bags on pallets or, if stored in bulk, under cover with a tarpaulin. As with most solid fertilizers, storage in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area is recommended.
  • the present invention provides methods of modulating plant growth comprising the steps of:
  • the method further comprises the step of contacting the soil with a liquid (e.g., water) after contacting the soil with the contents of the disposable container or the fertilizer of the present disclosure.
  • a liquid e.g., water
  • Superabsorbent polymer granules were removed from the diaper base, collected, and used for Examples 4 and 5.
  • Examples 1-5 demonstrate an effective approach to address the bad odor of urine associated with diaper products, using odor-neutralizing polymers such as Carbopol®. Examples 1-5 demonstrate a process for eliminating bad odor of urine that is simple, cost-effective, safe, and easily incorporable into the exiting diaper designs without any structural changes or integrity of the diaper.
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