US20200037686A1 - Article of apparel including thermoregulatory textile - Google Patents
Article of apparel including thermoregulatory textile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20200037686A1 US20200037686A1 US16/599,862 US201916599862A US2020037686A1 US 20200037686 A1 US20200037686 A1 US 20200037686A1 US 201916599862 A US201916599862 A US 201916599862A US 2020037686 A1 US2020037686 A1 US 2020037686A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- textile
- spacer elements
- article
- sealing agent
- compressed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims description 177
- 230000001331 thermoregulatory effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 45
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 206010016334 Feeling hot Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010000210 abortion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000176 abortion Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037081 physical activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/06—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/10—Impermeable to liquids, e.g. waterproof; Liquid-repellent
- A41D31/102—Waterproof and breathable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
- B32B5/142—Variation across the area of the layer
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/02—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/02—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/44—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table; Zincates; Cadmates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/45—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table; Aluminates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/46—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/73—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof
- D06M11/74—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with carbon or compounds thereof with carbon or graphite; with carbides; with graphitic acids or their salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/77—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with silicon or compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
- A41D13/005—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/2481—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including layer of mechanically interengaged strands, strand-portions or strand-like strips
Definitions
- the present application relates to an article of apparel and, in particular, a garment including a textile adapted to regulate thermal conditions of the wearer and methods of forming the textile.
- the heat retention of a planar textile structure generally increases with increasing thickness. As thickness of the textile increases, however, resistance to the passage of moisture also increases. This results in apparel that, while warming, can cause the skin to be covered with uncomfortable perspiration. Accordingly, it would be desirable to form apparel from a textile that, while light, is capable of heat retention and transfers perspiration from the wearer.
- the article of apparel comprises a fabric defining a first, inner surface facing the wearer, and a second, outer surface opposite the first surface.
- a plurality of compression areas are formed along the inner fabric surface, each compression area comprising compressed yarns.
- a sealing agent effective to reduce the air permeability of the fabric is applied to each compression area. The sealing agent secures the yarns in a compressed state.
- an article of apparel formed from a textile defines an inner surface configured to face a wearer and an outer surface opposite the inner surface.
- the textile includes a generally continuous first textile portion and a discontinuous second textile portion.
- the discontinuous second textile portion comprises a plurality of spacer elements extending distally from the first textile portion, each of the spacer elements oriented in spaced relation from adjacent spacer elements to define a gap between adjacent spacer elements.
- the plurality of spacer elements include a plurality of expanded spacer elements and a plurality of compressed spacer elements, each of the compressed spacer elements being secured in its compressed state by a sealing agent applied as a discontinuous pattern exposed along the inner surface of the textile.
- the discontinuous pattern is such that the sealing agent contacts each of the first textile portion and the second textile portion along a continuous stretch extending between at least two of the compressed spacer elements.
- a method of making an article of apparel includes an inner surface configured to face a wearer and an outer surface opposite the inner surface.
- the method comprises providing a generally continuous first textile portion and a discontinuous second textile portion.
- the discontinuous second textile portion includes a plurality of spacer elements extending distally from the first textile portion, each of the spacer elements oriented in spaced relation from adjacent spacer elements to define a gap between adjacent spacer elements.
- the method further comprises applying a sealing agent to a subset of the spacer elements to secure each spacer elements of the subset in a compressed state and resulting in a plurality of expanded spacer elements and a plurality of compressed spacer elements.
- the sealing agent is applied as a discontinuous pattern exposed along the inner surface of the textile, the discontinuous pattern contacting each of the first textile portion and the second textile portion along a continuous stretch extending between at least two of the compressed spacer elements of the subset.
- the textile includes a base layer and a spacer layer defined by a plurality of bosses extending from the base layer.
- the bosses are oriented in a grid pattern, being spaced apart to define gaps for air circulation.
- Selected bosses are mechanically compressed and secured in the compressed state utilizing an adhesive composition.
- the adhesive composition may further include heat insulating or heat reflective particles.
- the resulting textile may be utilized to form articles of apparel, including garments such as shirts, pants, coats, footwear and underwear.
- FIG. 1A is a top plan view of the front face of the textile for forming an article of apparel in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 1B illustrates a perspective view of the front face of the textile shown in FIG. 1A .
- FIG. 1C illustrates a schematic of the front face of the textile shown in FIG. 1A .
- FIG. 1D illustrates top plan view of the rear face of the textile shown in FIG. 1A .
- FIG. 2A illustrates a cross-sectional view of the textile shown in FIG. 1A .
- FIG. 2B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a textile in accordance with the invention.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate schematic views of the front face of the textile, showing spacer elements in a brickwork pattern ( FIG. 3A ) and checkerboard pattern ( FIG. 3B ).
- FIGS. 4A and 4B each illustrates a gravure apparatus to apply the adhesive composition to the textile.
- FIG. 5A illustrates an adhesive pattern in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 5B illustrates an adhesive pattern layout in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flow diagram including steps of forming the textile
- FIG. 7A is a top plan view of the front face of the textile, showing selected spacer elements being secured by adhesive strip.
- FIG. 7B illustrates a cross sectional view of the textile, showing compressed and expanded spacer elements.
- FIG. 8 illustrates an article of apparel formed from the textile of FIG. 1A .
- the textile 10 includes a first or outer layer or portion 105 and a second or inner layer or portion 110 .
- the inner textile portion 110 is oriented such that it faces the wearer, i.e., it is oriented closer to the wearer than the outer textile portion 105 (i.e., the inner portion defines the face side of the fabric).
- the inner portion 110 is in contact the wearer's skin.
- the inner textile portion 110 is discontinuous, being defined by one or more spacer elements 115 or bosses oriented in spaced relation from each other. Each spacer element 115 extends distally from the inner surface of the first textile portion 105 , toward the wearer.
- the spacer elements 115 may possess any dimensions (size/shape) suitable for its described purpose (space the first textile layer 105 from the skin of the wearer and/or fluid movement).
- the spacer elements 115 may possess a generally cylindrical shape (e.g., a right cylinder), or may be a polygon, possessing, e.g., a generally rectangular or a generally square shape.
- the diameter (length and/or width) of the spacer element 115 may be approximately up to 2 cm (e.g., 0.5 mm-5 mm).
- the height of the spacer element 115 may be approximately 0.10-6 mm.
- the spacer elements 115 are generally square, possessing length of approximately 2 mm and a width of approximately 2 mm. Referring to FIGS, 2 A and 2 B, the distal end of the spacer elements 115 may be generally square, or may be configured with a tapered 210 or rounded 215 edge, which assists in fluid roll off (explained in greater detail below).
- the spacer elements 115 are arranged in a predetermined pattern along the interior surface of the first textile portion 105 such that channels or gaps between adjacent elements.
- the spacer elements 115 are disposed in an array.
- the spacer elements 115 form a matrix, i.e., a rectangular array of elements ordered in columns 120 and rows 125 ( FIG. 1A ).
- a plurality of intersecting, elongated channels is defined between the rows and columns.
- first or vertical channels 130 are defined between adjacent columns 120
- horizontal channels 135 are defined between adjacent rows 125 .
- the channels 130 , 135 intersect each other at right angles to form a channel grid.
- the first channel 130 may possess the same dimensions as the second channel 135 , or may possess different dimensions.
- the first channel 130 may include a transverse dimension (width/height) that is less than the transverse dimension of the second channel 135 (i.e., the channels 135 between rows 125 are wider than the channels 130 between columns 120 ).
- the ratio of the transverse dimension of the second channel 135 to the transverse dimension of the first channel 130 may be in the range of 1:1-4:1 (e.g., 2:1, 3:1, etc.).
- the horizontal channel 135 may be approximate 1 mm wide, while the vertical channel 130 may be approximately 0.5 mm wide.
- the array is an offset matrix in which adjacent rows 125 and columns 120 are offset from each other such that the channels 130 , 135 do not extend the full width/length of the textile (i.e., the channels are interrupted by spacer elements).
- the spacer elements 115 may be offset along the columns and rows such that the elements are oriented in a checkerboard style layout. In this configuration, no elongated channels are formed; instead, pockets 140 are defined between adjacent elements 115 along the rows 120 and columns 125 .
- the back face of the textile 10 may be smooth or substantially smooth.
- the outer surface of the first textile portion 105 while possessing a texture, does not include spacer elements extending from its outer surface.
- the textile 10 may be formed of the same or similar yarn.
- the textile portions 105 , 110 may be formed of hydrophobic yarn such as polyester or polypropylene.
- the textile portions 105 , 110 may be formed of hydrophilic yarn such as cotton or wool.
- the textile portions 105 , 110 may be formed of a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic yarns.
- the textile 10 (the first 105 and second 110 textile portions) is formed of hydrophobic yarn (e.g., polyester) provided with hydrophilic properties, e.g., via chemical treatment (such as a conventional wicking finish).
- the first textile portion 105 and the second textile portion 110 are formed of yarns having different properties.
- the second textile portion 110 may be formed of untreated hydrophobic yarn and the first textile portion 105 may be formed of hydrophobic yarn treated such that it possesses hydrophilic properties 110 .
- the second textile portion 110 may be formed of hydrophobic yarns and the first textile portion 105 may be formed of hydrophilic yarns.
- the yarns of the first portion 105 and/or the second portion 110 may be treated with a durable water repellant (DWR) composition.
- DWR durable water repellant
- the denier of the yarns forming the first 105 and second 110 portions may differ (e.g., the denier of the first portion yarns may be greater than the denier of the second portion yarns).
- a textile 10 including channels 130 , 135 or pockets 140 is formed.
- the spacer elements 115 and the channels 130 , 135 or pockets 140 cooperate to control movement of fluid within and through the textile 10 .
- the structure drives liquid from the second textile portion 110 to the first textile portion 105 .
- the liquid drives liquid from the second textile portion 110 to the first textile portion 105 .
- the spacer element 115 when fluid contacts the surface of a spacer element 115 , it is drawn/moved along the length/height of the spacer element and into the first textile portion 105 , where it diffuses/spreads.
- the liquid falls directly into a channel 130 , 135 or pocket 140 , the liquid immediately contacts the first textile portion 105 where it diffuses/spreads.
- the spacer elements 115 when the spacer elements 115 are non-wicking and/or hydrophobic, the liquid may contact the spacer elements 115 , rolling off the spacer element into the channel 130 , 135 or pocket 140 .
- the spacer elements 115 may be configured with a tapered 210 or rounded 215 edge, assisting in fluid roll off ( FIG. 2B ).
- liquid from the user i.e., sweat
- the spacer element 115 is immediately directed from the spacer element 115 and into a channel 130 , 135 or pocket 140 .
- liquid is directed from the second textile portion 110 to the first textile portion 105 , where the liquid is held away from the skin of the wearer. This improves wearer comfort.
- the yarn may be selected to impart desired fluid absorption characteristics to the textile. That is, the first textile portion 105 may possess a first sorptivity (capillary action) value and the second textile portion 110 may possess a second sorptivity (capillary action) value. In an embodiment, the first sorptivity value is greater than the second sorptivity value (e.g., when the first portion is hydrophilic and the second portion is hydrophobic). In another embodiment, the first sorptivity value is less than or equal to the second sorptivity value. In a preferred embodiment, the first textile portion 105 generates greater capillary action (and thus possesses higher fluid sorptivity) than the second textile portion 110 .
- the textile portions 105 , 110 may be generally hydrophobic or hydrophilic, the relative degree of the relevant property may differ.
- the first textile portion 105 and the second textile portion 110 may be considered hydrophobic
- the second textile portion 110 may be less hydrophobic than the first textile portion 105 (and vice versa), i.e., the second textile portion experiences a greater moisture pick-up under a standard atmosphere (moisture pick up being measured by the mass of absorbed and adsorbed water that is held by a material).
- both textile portions 105 , 110 may be considered generally hydrophilic
- the second textile portion 110 may be less hydrophilic than the first textile portion 105 (and vice versa).
- the portions 105 , 110 may possess identical wicking properties.
- the textile structure 10 further enables movement of air along and through the textile 10 . While both the first textile portion 105 and the second textile portion 110 are air permeable, the air permeability of the textile 10 along a channel 130 , 135 or pocket 140 is greater than the air permeability of the textile along a spacer element 115 . Accordingly, the channels 130 , 135 or pockets 140 capture air and direct it out through the textile 10 (via the first textile portion 105 ), enhancing air flow during physical activity, thereby creating a heat dissipating or cooling effect. In a preferred embodiment, the first textile portion 105 possesses higher vapor permeability (breathability) than the second textile portion 110 (in its unprinted state).
- the textile 10 may be formed utilizing any process suitable for its described purpose.
- the textile 10 is knitted to form a unitary structure.
- the textile is formed via warp knitting.
- the textile 10 is a double knit jacquard formed via a process that simultaneously forms both textile portions 105 , 110 . While forming the second textile portion 110 , knitting is selectively started and stopped at predetermined positions to form spacer elements 115 . Stated another way, the channels 130 , 135 or pockets 140 are formed wherever the knitting operation is suspended (creating regions that are substantially free of pile) and spacer elements 115 are formed wherever the knitting operation is resumed (creating regions including pile).
- the textile 10 possesses loop pile construction.
- the textile 10 may be formed as described U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,065,600 or 5,547,733, the disclosure of each patent is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the first 105 and second 110 textile portions are independent layers secured together, e.g., via adhesive, stitching, etc. Accordingly, the textile 10 may possess a unitary construction, or may be formed of multiple, distinct layers.
- the textile 10 may be processed to selectively seal areas of the fabric and compress the fibers, filaments or yarns forming the textile.
- one or both textile portions 105 , 110 may be compressed and sealed to minimize its breathability and/or fluid abortion properties.
- the filaments, fibers, or yarns along the surface of a textile portion 105 , 110 may compressed by an applicator and secured in its compressed state utilizing an adhesive or sealant composition.
- the textile 10 may be further processed to selectively compress and/or seal one or more of the spacer elements 115 , as well as to selectively seal all or part of the channels 130 , 135 or pockets 140 .
- one or more spacer elements 115 is fully or partially compressed by an applicator and secured in its compressed state utilizing an adhesive or sealant composition.
- the textile 10 may be processed by a rotogravure apparatus configured to simultaneously compress a selected spacer element 115 and apply an adhesive or sealant composition to the compressed spacer element.
- the rotogravure apparatus 400 includes an impression roller 405 , a gravure cylinder 410 , and a tank 415 that holds the adhesive compositing or sealing agent 420 .
- the cylinder 410 is engraved with surface cells (not illustrated) that captures the adhesive composition or sealing agent 420 from the tank 415 and transfers the adhesive to the textile 10 .
- the cells are positioned on the cylinder 410 such that they selectively register/align with one or more of the spacer elements 115 and/or one or more channels 130 , 135 or pockets 140 on the textile 10 . Accordingly, when the textile 10 contacts the cylinder 410 , the adhesive composition 420 is applied in a discontinuous pattern on the front side of the textile, selectively compressing and securing the spacer elements 115 in their compressed state ( FIGS. 5A and 5B ) (discussed in greater detail below).
- the rotogravure is a reverse kiss gravure coater.
- the gravure cylinder 410 rotates in the opposite direction of the substrate; moreover, an impression roller 405 is not utilized. Instead, the textile 10 passes between a pair of idler rollers 430 A, 430 B, which are offset from the gravure cylinder 410 . Accordingly, the textile 10 , under tension, contacts (is pressed against) the gravure cylinder 410 , transferring the adhesive composition and/or compressing the spacer elements 115 .
- An exemplary reverse kiss gravure apparatus and process is disclosed in WO1997007899A1, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the speed of the roller may be approximately 30 revolutions per minute, and the applied wet coating possesses a thickness of no more than 30 ⁇ m.
- the adhesive composition 420 may be any adhesive suitable for its described purpose.
- the adhesive includes a polymeric binder such as polyurethane.
- Polyurethane while flexible, is effective to fill the voids of the textile (i.e., the air passages present in each the first textile portion 105 and the second textile portion 110 ), reducing or preventing air from passing through at its point of application.
- the adhesive composition 420 may further include insulating, heat-conducting, or heat-reflecting material dispersed in the binder.
- the adhesive composition 420 may contain inorganic materials such as ceramics (technical ceramics and refractory materials), as well as metals.
- the adhesive composition may include silica (SiO 2 ), silicon nitride (SiN), zeolite, zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, aluminum nitride (AlN), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), silicon carbide (SiC), and magnesium oxide (MgO), copper, aluminum, etc.
- the coating includes silica capable of absorbing thermal energy such as body heat.
- the adhesive composition may possess a viscosity of no more than 1000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the adhesive composition 420 may be applied in any pattern suitable for its described purpose.
- the adhesive composition 420 is applied in an interrupted or discontinuous pattern.
- the discontinuous layer is configured such that the adhesive composition covers no more than 50% the surface area of the textile front face (the user facing face).
- the adhesive composition 420 is applied as a vector pattern. Referring to FIG. 5A , the adhesive pattern 500 includes a linear member 505 A, 505 B, 505 C, 505 n+ 1 formed of segments 510 A, 510 B, 510 C, 510 D oriented at a predetermined angle A with respect to each other (e.g., an acute angle).
- the dimensions of the linear member 505 A- 505 n+ 1 may be any suitable for its described purpose.
- the transverse dimension (width) of the linear member 505 A- 505 n+ 1 may correspond to the width/diameter of a spacer element.
- the transverse dimension of the linear member 505 A- 505 n+ 1 may be greater or less than the transverse dimension (diameter) of a spacer element 115 and/or greater or less than the transverse dimension (width/height) of the channels 130 , 135 or pockets 140 .
- the transverse dimension of each linear member 505 A- 505 n+ 1 is approximately 1-5 mm (e.g., 2 mm or 3 mm).
- the pattern 500 may further include a plurality of linear members 505 A- 505 n+ 1 ordered to form a superstructure 515 such as a polygon and, in particular, a hexagon.
- the superstructure 515 includes a plurality linear members 505 A- 505 n+ 1 disposed in a nested arrangement.
- Each linear member 505 A- 505 n+ 1 is a partial hexagon with an apex 520 along the upper side of the nested arrangement and a broken border 525 along the lower side of the nested arrangement.
- the pattern 500 includes a plurality of superstructures 515 positioned adjacent each other in a honeycomb-like manner, with adjacent rows being offset.
- the array of superstructures 515 interconnected via a link 530 .
- the second linear member 505 B of one superstructure 515 is connected to the first linear member 505 A of a second superstructure along the link 530 .
- the linear members 505 A- 505 n+1 can span portions of the wearer, improving the capture and/or distribution of thermal energy (e.g., body heat) generated by the wearer. That is, the linear elements enable the efficient absorption and dispersion of heat over a wider surface area than, e.g., dots or circles. That is, if the first segment 510 A of a linear member is positioned over an area of the body generating heat, while the third segment 510 B is not, the first segment will initially absorb heat. The absorbed heat will then travel (be conducted) between segments 510 A- 510 n+1 . This is in contrast with individual circles or squares, which, being spaced from each other, do not dispersing it along the surface of the wearer.
- thermal energy e.g., body heat
- the textile 10 is obtained (Step 605 ), e.g., formed via the knitting processes explained above.
- the textile 10 is placed in the rotogravure apparatus 400 (Step 610 ), where the impression roller 405 contacts the exposed (outer) surface of the first textile portion 105 , urging the exposed (inner) surface of the second textile portion 110 (including the spacer elements 115 ) against the gravure cylinder 410 .
- the cells of the gravure cylinder 410 having a depth of 100 ⁇ m-200 ⁇ m (e.g., 150 ⁇ m), are configured to align with selected spacer elements 115 .
- the cylinder cells will contact the selected spacer elements 115 , compressing the spacer element to form a compressed spacer element 715 ( FIG. 7A ). While compressed, the cylinder 410 applies/transfers the adhesive composition 420 to the surface of the textile 10 (Step 615 ). The transferred adhesive composition 420 secures the compressed spacer element 715 in its compressed state ( FIG. 7B ). After transfer, the applied adhesive composition 420 may be dried via a heater (at, e.g., 100° C.).
- the resulting textile 10 includes a partially or fully compressed spacer elements 715 and uncompressed (expanded) spacer elements 115 .
- the adhesive composition 420 may be selectively transferred to a channel 130 , 135 or pocket 140 , sealing the channel with adhesive (Step 620 ) and reducing air permeability (breathability) at the point of application.
- the adhesive composition 420 may completely cover a spacer element 715 (securing the entire spacer element in its compressed configuration) or may partially cover a spacer element 115 (securing a portion of the spacer element in the compressed configuration).
- the resulting textile 10 includes a plurality of expanded spacer elements 115 extending distally from the first textile portion 105 at a first height and a plurality of compressed spacer elements 715 extending from the first textile portion 105 at a second height, with the second height being less than the first height.
- the distal end of each compressed spacer element 715 may be substantially or completely flush with the textile surface (i.e., with the surface of the first textile portion 105 ), or may be slightly recessed into the textile surface.
- the surface including the compressed fibers, filaments, or yarns may be recessed or substantially flush with the surrounding non-compressed areas, depending on the pressure applied.
- the resulting textile 10 (and the article of apparel made therefrom) possesses improved thermoregulatory control compared to a textile lacking the adhesive composition. That is, the textile 10 possesses improved heat retention and distribution capabilities without increasing the overall weight of the textile/article of apparel (or increasing the weight by only a nominal amount). In the sealed areas, transmission of fluid (liquid/air) through the textile 10 is delayed or prevented.
- the binder e.g., polyurethane
- the binder e.g., polyurethane
- the adhesive composition 420 seals the textile 10 by covering the pores or openings existing within the fabric, decreasing airflow and liquid flow therethrough. Decreasing the air permeability of the textile (and thus of the article of apparel) increases its insulating properties of the textile. The heat of the wearer, moreover, is retained in the air pockets naturally existing between the wearer and the textile 10 (or between the textile and another fabric layer).
- the adhesive composition 420 being applied as a discontinuous layer, maintains the breathability of the textile.
- any liquid contacting a sealed area may simply roll of the sealed area to an unsealed area, being moved away from the user.
- the adhesive composition 420 may further include insulation or other heat retaining material, further increasing the insulation properties of the composition, and thus the textile 10 (compared with the textile printed with the adhesive composition lacking insulation material). That is, if the adhesive composition 420 further includes an insulating material, the composition is effective to decrease thermal conductivity through the textile, increasing its absorption of heat.
- the silica having a specific heat capacity value that is greater than that of, e.g., the textile 10 and/or the binder, is capable of absorbing heat from the wearer. Even when the heat energy is removed, the heat retaining material may then release the stored energy, warming the microclimate around the wearer.
- the heat retaining material may be selected to emit or radiate selected wavelengths back to wearer (e.g., IR waves), when the heat source is removed.
- heat retaining materials include ceramics such as AlO 2 , ZnO, SnO 2 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 , SiC and ZrC.
- the heat retaining material may be present in an amount of less than 50 wt % and, in particular, less than 25 wt % (e.g., 2-10 wt %).
- the adhesive composition 420 includes a heat conductive material, the heat of the wearer will be absorbed and will be evenly dispersed along the composition, increasing the overall feeling of warmth, with the heat being transferred from a warmer part of the body to a cooler part.
- the adhesive composition 420 further includes a heat-reflective material, the composition is effective to reflect the heat of the wearer back towards the wearer, increasing the feeling of warmth.
- the overall fluid control characteristics remain intact since a substantial portion of the channels 130 , 135 , pockets 140 , and/or spacer elements 115 remain exposed (unsealed/unprinted). That is, while overall air permeability (breathability) is reduced, the article of apparel still retains a substantial level of breathability, increasing user comfort. Thus, the invention increases user warmth, adds minimum weight to the textile 10 , and retains the base properties of the textile such as breathability.
- a garment can be provided that, while capable of moving sweat away from the wearer to provide the wearer with a feeling of dryness, also provides a warming effect while worn.
- the resulting garment includes areas possessing different air permeability and/or heat retention values.
- the area of fabric including the sealing agent possesses a first air permeability value
- the area of fabric not including the sealing agent possesses a second air permeability value.
- the second air permeability value is higher than the first air permeability value.
- area of fabric including the sealing agent with a heat retaining or insulating material possesses a first heat retention value
- the area of fabric not including the sealing agent with the heat retention material possesses a second heat retention value, with the second heat retention value being lower than the first heat retention value.
- the article of apparel includes not only alternating bands of first and second air permeability values, but also alternating bands of first and second heat retention values. Accordingly, it is possible to control the level of insulation in the garment by selectively applying a predetermined amount of adhesive composition or sealing agent 420 to the textile (the greater the coverage of the sealing agent 420 , the lower the fluid movement and the greater the heat retention property of the garment).
- the textile 10 formed according to the principles of the present invention may be used in a number of different products.
- the textile 10 may be incorporated into a shirt 800 ( FIG. 8 ) where the second textile portion 105 is positioned along the inside of the shirt, facing the wearer.
- the ceramic print covers about 25% to about 80% of the interior surface area of the article of apparel (e.g., about 35%-45%).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This document is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/607,318, filed Jan. 28, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/932,480, filed Jan. 28, 2014, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- The present application relates to an article of apparel and, in particular, a garment including a textile adapted to regulate thermal conditions of the wearer and methods of forming the textile.
- The heat retention of a planar textile structure generally increases with increasing thickness. As thickness of the textile increases, however, resistance to the passage of moisture also increases. This results in apparel that, while warming, can cause the skin to be covered with uncomfortable perspiration. Accordingly, it would be desirable to form apparel from a textile that, while light, is capable of heat retention and transfers perspiration from the wearer.
- An article of apparel and method of making the article of apparel for a wearer is disclosed herein. In at least one embodiment, the article of apparel comprises a fabric defining a first, inner surface facing the wearer, and a second, outer surface opposite the first surface. A plurality of compression areas are formed along the inner fabric surface, each compression area comprising compressed yarns. A sealing agent effective to reduce the air permeability of the fabric is applied to each compression area. The sealing agent secures the yarns in a compressed state.
- In at least one embodiment, an article of apparel formed from a textile defines an inner surface configured to face a wearer and an outer surface opposite the inner surface. The textile includes a generally continuous first textile portion and a discontinuous second textile portion. The discontinuous second textile portion comprises a plurality of spacer elements extending distally from the first textile portion, each of the spacer elements oriented in spaced relation from adjacent spacer elements to define a gap between adjacent spacer elements. The plurality of spacer elements include a plurality of expanded spacer elements and a plurality of compressed spacer elements, each of the compressed spacer elements being secured in its compressed state by a sealing agent applied as a discontinuous pattern exposed along the inner surface of the textile. The discontinuous pattern is such that the sealing agent contacts each of the first textile portion and the second textile portion along a continuous stretch extending between at least two of the compressed spacer elements.
- In yet another embodiment, a method of making an article of apparel is disclosed. The article of apparel includes an inner surface configured to face a wearer and an outer surface opposite the inner surface. The method comprises providing a generally continuous first textile portion and a discontinuous second textile portion. The discontinuous second textile portion includes a plurality of spacer elements extending distally from the first textile portion, each of the spacer elements oriented in spaced relation from adjacent spacer elements to define a gap between adjacent spacer elements. The method further comprises applying a sealing agent to a subset of the spacer elements to secure each spacer elements of the subset in a compressed state and resulting in a plurality of expanded spacer elements and a plurality of compressed spacer elements. The sealing agent is applied as a discontinuous pattern exposed along the inner surface of the textile, the discontinuous pattern contacting each of the first textile portion and the second textile portion along a continuous stretch extending between at least two of the compressed spacer elements of the subset.
- In at least one embodiment, the textile includes a base layer and a spacer layer defined by a plurality of bosses extending from the base layer. The bosses are oriented in a grid pattern, being spaced apart to define gaps for air circulation. Selected bosses are mechanically compressed and secured in the compressed state utilizing an adhesive composition. The adhesive composition may further include heat insulating or heat reflective particles. The resulting textile may be utilized to form articles of apparel, including garments such as shirts, pants, coats, footwear and underwear.
-
FIG. 1A is a top plan view of the front face of the textile for forming an article of apparel in accordance with the invention. -
FIG. 1B illustrates a perspective view of the front face of the textile shown inFIG. 1A . -
FIG. 1C illustrates a schematic of the front face of the textile shown inFIG. 1A . -
FIG. 1D illustrates top plan view of the rear face of the textile shown inFIG. 1A . -
FIG. 2A illustrates a cross-sectional view of the textile shown inFIG. 1A . -
FIG. 2B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a textile in accordance with the invention. -
FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate schematic views of the front face of the textile, showing spacer elements in a brickwork pattern (FIG. 3A ) and checkerboard pattern (FIG. 3B ). -
FIGS. 4A and 4B each illustrates a gravure apparatus to apply the adhesive composition to the textile. -
FIG. 5A illustrates an adhesive pattern in accordance with the invention. -
FIG. 5B illustrates an adhesive pattern layout in accordance with the invention. -
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram including steps of forming the textile -
FIG. 7A is a top plan view of the front face of the textile, showing selected spacer elements being secured by adhesive strip. -
FIG. 7B illustrates a cross sectional view of the textile, showing compressed and expanded spacer elements. -
FIG. 8 illustrates an article of apparel formed from the textile ofFIG. 1A . - Like numerals refer to like components throughout the figures.
- With reference to
FIGS. 1A-1C , thetextile 10 according to the invention includes a first or outer layer orportion 105 and a second or inner layer orportion 110. Theinner textile portion 110 is oriented such that it faces the wearer, i.e., it is oriented closer to the wearer than the outer textile portion 105 (i.e., the inner portion defines the face side of the fabric). In an embodiment, theinner portion 110 is in contact the wearer's skin. Theinner textile portion 110 is discontinuous, being defined by one or morespacer elements 115 or bosses oriented in spaced relation from each other. Eachspacer element 115 extends distally from the inner surface of thefirst textile portion 105, toward the wearer. Thespacer elements 115 may possess any dimensions (size/shape) suitable for its described purpose (space thefirst textile layer 105 from the skin of the wearer and/or fluid movement). By way of example, thespacer elements 115 may possess a generally cylindrical shape (e.g., a right cylinder), or may be a polygon, possessing, e.g., a generally rectangular or a generally square shape. The diameter (length and/or width) of thespacer element 115 may be approximately up to 2 cm (e.g., 0.5 mm-5 mm). The height of thespacer element 115 may be approximately 0.10-6 mm. In a preferred embodiment, thespacer elements 115 are generally square, possessing length of approximately 2 mm and a width of approximately 2 mm. Referring to FIGS, 2A and 2B, the distal end of thespacer elements 115 may be generally square, or may be configured with a tapered 210 or rounded 215 edge, which assists in fluid roll off (explained in greater detail below). - The
spacer elements 115 are arranged in a predetermined pattern along the interior surface of thefirst textile portion 105 such that channels or gaps between adjacent elements. In an embodiment, thespacer elements 115 are disposed in an array. By way of example, thespacer elements 115 form a matrix, i.e., a rectangular array of elements ordered incolumns 120 and rows 125 (FIG. 1A ). With this configuration, a plurality of intersecting, elongated channels is defined between the rows and columns. Specifically, first or vertical channels 130 (from the viewpoint ofFIG. 1A ) are defined betweenadjacent columns 120, whilehorizontal channels 135 are defined betweenadjacent rows 125. Thechannels first channel 130 may possess the same dimensions as thesecond channel 135, or may possess different dimensions. In an embodiment, thefirst channel 130 may include a transverse dimension (width/height) that is less than the transverse dimension of the second channel 135 (i.e., thechannels 135 betweenrows 125 are wider than thechannels 130 between columns 120). By way of example, the ratio of the transverse dimension of thesecond channel 135 to the transverse dimension of thefirst channel 130 may be in the range of 1:1-4:1 (e.g., 2:1, 3:1, etc.). By way of specific example, thehorizontal channel 135 may be approximate 1 mm wide, while thevertical channel 130 may be approximately 0.5 mm wide. - Referring to
FIG. 3A , in another embodiment of the invention, the array is an offset matrix in whichadjacent rows 125 andcolumns 120 are offset from each other such that thechannels FIG. 3B , furthermore, thespacer elements 115 may be offset along the columns and rows such that the elements are oriented in a checkerboard style layout. In this configuration, no elongated channels are formed; instead, pockets 140 are defined betweenadjacent elements 115 along therows 120 andcolumns 125. - Referring to
FIG. 1D , the back face of the textile 10 (the surface facing outward, away from the wearer) may be smooth or substantially smooth. For example, the outer surface of thefirst textile portion 105, while possessing a texture, does not include spacer elements extending from its outer surface. - The textile 10—the
first textile portion 105 and thesecond textile portion 110—may be formed of the same or similar yarn. By way of example, thetextile portions textile portions textile portions - In other embodiments, the
first textile portion 105 and thesecond textile portion 110 are formed of yarns having different properties. By way of example, thesecond textile portion 110 may be formed of untreated hydrophobic yarn and thefirst textile portion 105 may be formed of hydrophobic yarn treated such that it possesseshydrophilic properties 110. By way of further example, thesecond textile portion 110 may be formed of hydrophobic yarns and thefirst textile portion 105 may be formed of hydrophilic yarns. By way of still further example, the yarns of thefirst portion 105 and/or thesecond portion 110 may be treated with a durable water repellant (DWR) composition. Additionally, the denier of the yarns forming the first 105 and second 110 portions may differ (e.g., the denier of the first portion yarns may be greater than the denier of the second portion yarns). - With the above configuration, a
textile 10 includingchannels pockets 140 is formed. Thespacer elements 115 and thechannels pockets 140 cooperate to control movement of fluid within and through thetextile 10. Regarding liquid, the structure drives liquid from thesecond textile portion 110 to thefirst textile portion 105. Specifically, when fluid contacts the surface of aspacer element 115, it is drawn/moved along the length/height of the spacer element and into thefirst textile portion 105, where it diffuses/spreads. Additionally, when liquid falls directly into achannel pocket 140, the liquid immediately contacts thefirst textile portion 105 where it diffuses/spreads. - Alternatively, when the
spacer elements 115 are non-wicking and/or hydrophobic, the liquid may contact thespacer elements 115, rolling off the spacer element into thechannel pocket 140. To this end, as mentioned above, thespacer elements 115 may be configured with a tapered 210 or rounded 215 edge, assisting in fluid roll off (FIG. 2B ). - With these configurations, liquid from the user (i.e., sweat) is immediately directed from the
spacer element 115 and into achannel pocket 140. In other words, liquid is directed from thesecond textile portion 110 to thefirst textile portion 105, where the liquid is held away from the skin of the wearer. This improves wearer comfort. - It should be noted that the yarn may be selected to impart desired fluid absorption characteristics to the textile. That is, the
first textile portion 105 may possess a first sorptivity (capillary action) value and thesecond textile portion 110 may possess a second sorptivity (capillary action) value. In an embodiment, the first sorptivity value is greater than the second sorptivity value (e.g., when the first portion is hydrophilic and the second portion is hydrophobic). In another embodiment, the first sorptivity value is less than or equal to the second sorptivity value. In a preferred embodiment, thefirst textile portion 105 generates greater capillary action (and thus possesses higher fluid sorptivity) than thesecond textile portion 110. - It should also be understood that while the
textile portions first textile portion 105 and thesecond textile portion 110 may be considered hydrophobic, thesecond textile portion 110 may be less hydrophobic than the first textile portion 105 (and vice versa), i.e., the second textile portion experiences a greater moisture pick-up under a standard atmosphere (moisture pick up being measured by the mass of absorbed and adsorbed water that is held by a material). Similarly, while bothtextile portions second textile portion 110 may be less hydrophilic than the first textile portion 105 (and vice versa). Alternatively, theportions - Along with liquid flow, the
textile structure 10 further enables movement of air along and through thetextile 10. While both thefirst textile portion 105 and thesecond textile portion 110 are air permeable, the air permeability of thetextile 10 along achannel pocket 140 is greater than the air permeability of the textile along aspacer element 115. Accordingly, thechannels pockets 140 capture air and direct it out through the textile 10 (via the first textile portion 105), enhancing air flow during physical activity, thereby creating a heat dissipating or cooling effect. In a preferred embodiment, thefirst textile portion 105 possesses higher vapor permeability (breathability) than the second textile portion 110 (in its unprinted state). - The
textile 10 may be formed utilizing any process suitable for its described purpose. In an embodiment, thetextile 10 is knitted to form a unitary structure. By way of example, the textile is formed via warp knitting. By way of further example, thetextile 10 is a double knit jacquard formed via a process that simultaneously forms bothtextile portions second textile portion 110, knitting is selectively started and stopped at predetermined positions to formspacer elements 115. Stated another way, thechannels pockets 140 are formed wherever the knitting operation is suspended (creating regions that are substantially free of pile) andspacer elements 115 are formed wherever the knitting operation is resumed (creating regions including pile). - In other embodiments, the
textile 10 possesses loop pile construction. By way of example, thetextile 10 may be formed as described U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,065,600 or 5,547,733, the disclosure of each patent is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In still other embodiments, the first 105 and second 110 textile portions are independent layers secured together, e.g., via adhesive, stitching, etc. Accordingly, thetextile 10 may possess a unitary construction, or may be formed of multiple, distinct layers. - In order to control the properties of the article of apparel, the
textile 10 may be processed to selectively seal areas of the fabric and compress the fibers, filaments or yarns forming the textile. In an embodiment, one or bothtextile portions textile portion - In an embodiment, the
textile 10 may be further processed to selectively compress and/or seal one or more of thespacer elements 115, as well as to selectively seal all or part of thechannels spacer elements 115 is fully or partially compressed by an applicator and secured in its compressed state utilizing an adhesive or sealant composition. By way of example, thetextile 10 may be processed by a rotogravure apparatus configured to simultaneously compress a selectedspacer element 115 and apply an adhesive or sealant composition to the compressed spacer element. Referring toFIG. 4 , therotogravure apparatus 400 includes animpression roller 405, agravure cylinder 410, and atank 415 that holds the adhesive compositing or sealingagent 420. Thecylinder 410 is engraved with surface cells (not illustrated) that captures the adhesive composition or sealingagent 420 from thetank 415 and transfers the adhesive to thetextile 10. The cells are positioned on thecylinder 410 such that they selectively register/align with one or more of thespacer elements 115 and/or one ormore channels pockets 140 on thetextile 10. Accordingly, when the textile 10 contacts thecylinder 410, theadhesive composition 420 is applied in a discontinuous pattern on the front side of the textile, selectively compressing and securing thespacer elements 115 in their compressed state (FIGS. 5A and 5B ) (discussed in greater detail below). - In another embodiment, the rotogravure is a reverse kiss gravure coater. Referring to
FIG. 4B , thegravure cylinder 410 rotates in the opposite direction of the substrate; moreover, animpression roller 405 is not utilized. Instead, the textile 10 passes between a pair ofidler rollers gravure cylinder 410. Accordingly, thetextile 10, under tension, contacts (is pressed against) thegravure cylinder 410, transferring the adhesive composition and/or compressing thespacer elements 115. An exemplary reverse kiss gravure apparatus and process is disclosed in WO1997007899A1, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. - In an embodiment, the speed of the roller may be approximately 30 revolutions per minute, and the applied wet coating possesses a thickness of no more than 30μm.
- The
adhesive composition 420 may be any adhesive suitable for its described purpose. For example, the adhesive includes a polymeric binder such as polyurethane. Polyurethane, while flexible, is effective to fill the voids of the textile (i.e., the air passages present in each thefirst textile portion 105 and the second textile portion 110), reducing or preventing air from passing through at its point of application. - The
adhesive composition 420 may further include insulating, heat-conducting, or heat-reflecting material dispersed in the binder. By way of example, theadhesive composition 420 may contain inorganic materials such as ceramics (technical ceramics and refractory materials), as well as metals. By way of specific example, the adhesive composition may include silica (SiO2), silicon nitride (SiN), zeolite, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, aluminum nitride (AlN), alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC), and magnesium oxide (MgO), copper, aluminum, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the coating includes silica capable of absorbing thermal energy such as body heat. - In an embodiment, the adhesive composition may possess a viscosity of no more than 1000 mPa·s.
- The
adhesive composition 420 may be applied in any pattern suitable for its described purpose. In an embodiment, theadhesive composition 420 is applied in an interrupted or discontinuous pattern. Preferably, the discontinuous layer is configured such that the adhesive composition covers no more than 50% the surface area of the textile front face (the user facing face). In an embodiment, theadhesive composition 420 is applied as a vector pattern. Referring toFIG. 5A , theadhesive pattern 500 includes alinear member segments linear member 505A-505 n+1 (and thus of thesegments 510A-510D) may be any suitable for its described purpose. By way of example, the transverse dimension (width) of thelinear member 505A-505 n+1 may correspond to the width/diameter of a spacer element. In other embodiments, the transverse dimension of thelinear member 505A-505 n+1 may be greater or less than the transverse dimension (diameter) of aspacer element 115 and/or greater or less than the transverse dimension (width/height) of thechannels linear member 505A-505 n+1 is approximately 1-5 mm (e.g., 2 mm or 3 mm). - The
pattern 500 may further include a plurality oflinear members 505A-505 n+1 ordered to form asuperstructure 515 such as a polygon and, in particular, a hexagon. As seen inFIG. 5A , thesuperstructure 515 includes a pluralitylinear members 505A-505 n+1 disposed in a nested arrangement. Eachlinear member 505A-505 n+1 is a partial hexagon with an apex 520 along the upper side of the nested arrangement and abroken border 525 along the lower side of the nested arrangement. - Referring to
FIG. 5B , in an embodiment, thepattern 500 includes a plurality ofsuperstructures 515 positioned adjacent each other in a honeycomb-like manner, with adjacent rows being offset. The array ofsuperstructures 515 interconnected via alink 530. In an embodiment, the secondlinear member 505B of onesuperstructure 515 is connected to the firstlinear member 505A of a second superstructure along thelink 530. - With these arrangements, the
linear members 505A-505 n+1 can span portions of the wearer, improving the capture and/or distribution of thermal energy (e.g., body heat) generated by the wearer. That is, the linear elements enable the efficient absorption and dispersion of heat over a wider surface area than, e.g., dots or circles. That is, if thefirst segment 510A of a linear member is positioned over an area of the body generating heat, while thethird segment 510B is not, the first segment will initially absorb heat. The absorbed heat will then travel (be conducted) betweensegments 510A-510 n+1. This is in contrast with individual circles or squares, which, being spaced from each other, do not dispersing it along the surface of the wearer. - Formation of the textile 10 with selectively compressed spacer elements is explained with reference to
FIG. 6 . First, thetextile 10 is obtained (Step 605), e.g., formed via the knitting processes explained above. Thetextile 10 is placed in the rotogravure apparatus 400 (Step 610), where theimpression roller 405 contacts the exposed (outer) surface of thefirst textile portion 105, urging the exposed (inner) surface of the second textile portion 110 (including the spacer elements 115) against thegravure cylinder 410. The cells of thegravure cylinder 410, having a depth of 100 μm-200 μm (e.g., 150 μm), are configured to align with selectedspacer elements 115. The cylinder cells will contact the selectedspacer elements 115, compressing the spacer element to form a compressed spacer element 715 (FIG. 7A ). While compressed, thecylinder 410 applies/transfers theadhesive composition 420 to the surface of the textile 10 (Step 615). The transferredadhesive composition 420 secures the compressedspacer element 715 in its compressed state (FIG. 7B ). After transfer, the appliedadhesive composition 420 may be dried via a heater (at, e.g., 100° C.). - Accordingly, as shown in
FIGS. 7A and 7B , the resultingtextile 10 includes a partially or fully compressedspacer elements 715 and uncompressed (expanded) spacerelements 115. Additionally, theadhesive composition 420 may be selectively transferred to achannel pocket 140, sealing the channel with adhesive (Step 620) and reducing air permeability (breathability) at the point of application. - Once transferred, the
adhesive composition 420 may completely cover a spacer element 715 (securing the entire spacer element in its compressed configuration) or may partially cover a spacer element 115 (securing a portion of the spacer element in the compressed configuration). Accordingly, the resultingtextile 10 includes a plurality of expandedspacer elements 115 extending distally from thefirst textile portion 105 at a first height and a plurality ofcompressed spacer elements 715 extending from thefirst textile portion 105 at a second height, with the second height being less than the first height. Depending on the pressure applied, the distal end of eachcompressed spacer element 715 may be substantially or completely flush with the textile surface (i.e., with the surface of the first textile portion 105), or may be slightly recessed into the textile surface. In compressed areas not including aspacer element 115, the surface including the compressed fibers, filaments, or yarns may be recessed or substantially flush with the surrounding non-compressed areas, depending on the pressure applied. - The resulting textile 10 (and the article of apparel made therefrom) possesses improved thermoregulatory control compared to a textile lacking the adhesive composition. That is, the
textile 10 possesses improved heat retention and distribution capabilities without increasing the overall weight of the textile/article of apparel (or increasing the weight by only a nominal amount). In the sealed areas, transmission of fluid (liquid/air) through thetextile 10 is delayed or prevented. Without being bound to a particular theory, it is believed that the binder (e.g., polyurethane) of theadhesive composition 420 seals thetextile 10 by covering the pores or openings existing within the fabric, decreasing airflow and liquid flow therethrough. Decreasing the air permeability of the textile (and thus of the article of apparel) increases its insulating properties of the textile. The heat of the wearer, moreover, is retained in the air pockets naturally existing between the wearer and the textile 10 (or between the textile and another fabric layer). - Wearer comfort, however, is maintained. The
adhesive composition 420, being applied as a discontinuous layer, maintains the breathability of the textile. In addition, any liquid contacting a sealed area may simply roll of the sealed area to an unsealed area, being moved away from the user. - In addition, the
adhesive composition 420 may further include insulation or other heat retaining material, further increasing the insulation properties of the composition, and thus the textile 10 (compared with the textile printed with the adhesive composition lacking insulation material). That is, if theadhesive composition 420 further includes an insulating material, the composition is effective to decrease thermal conductivity through the textile, increasing its absorption of heat. For example, when silica is present in theadhesive composition 420, the silica, having a specific heat capacity value that is greater than that of, e.g., thetextile 10 and/or the binder, is capable of absorbing heat from the wearer. Even when the heat energy is removed, the heat retaining material may then release the stored energy, warming the microclimate around the wearer. - In still further embodiments, the heat retaining material may be selected to emit or radiate selected wavelengths back to wearer (e.g., IR waves), when the heat source is removed.
- Examples of heat retaining materials include ceramics such as AlO2, ZnO, SnO2, TiO2, SiO2, SiC and ZrC. The heat retaining material may be present in an amount of less than 50 wt % and, in particular, less than 25 wt % (e.g., 2-10 wt %).
- If the
adhesive composition 420 includes a heat conductive material, the heat of the wearer will be absorbed and will be evenly dispersed along the composition, increasing the overall feeling of warmth, with the heat being transferred from a warmer part of the body to a cooler part. - Finally, if the
adhesive composition 420 further includes a heat-reflective material, the composition is effective to reflect the heat of the wearer back towards the wearer, increasing the feeling of warmth. - Regardless of the type of adhesive composition used, the overall fluid control characteristics remain intact since a substantial portion of the
channels spacer elements 115 remain exposed (unsealed/unprinted). That is, while overall air permeability (breathability) is reduced, the article of apparel still retains a substantial level of breathability, increasing user comfort. Thus, the invention increases user warmth, adds minimum weight to thetextile 10, and retains the base properties of the textile such as breathability. - In this manner, a garment can be provided that, while capable of moving sweat away from the wearer to provide the wearer with a feeling of dryness, also provides a warming effect while worn.
- In addition, since the adhesive composition or sealing
agent 420 is applied in a discontinuous pattern along the inner fabric surface, the resulting garment includes areas possessing different air permeability and/or heat retention values. Specifically, the area of fabric including the sealing agent possesses a first air permeability value, while the area of fabric not including the sealing agent possesses a second air permeability value. The second air permeability value is higher than the first air permeability value. Additionally, area of fabric including the sealing agent with a heat retaining or insulating material possesses a first heat retention value, while the area of fabric not including the sealing agent with the heat retention material possesses a second heat retention value, with the second heat retention value being lower than the first heat retention value. - When the discontinuous pattern of
FIGS. 5A and 5B is utilized, the article of apparel according includes not only alternating bands of first and second air permeability values, but also alternating bands of first and second heat retention values. Accordingly, it is possible to control the level of insulation in the garment by selectively applying a predetermined amount of adhesive composition or sealingagent 420 to the textile (the greater the coverage of the sealingagent 420, the lower the fluid movement and the greater the heat retention property of the garment). - The textile 10 formed according to the principles of the present invention may be used in a number of different products. For example, the
textile 10 may be incorporated into a shirt 800 (FIG. 8 ) where thesecond textile portion 105 is positioned along the inside of the shirt, facing the wearer. - While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. In at least one embodiment, the ceramic print covers about 25% to about 80% of the interior surface area of the article of apparel (e.g., about 35%-45%).
- Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. It is to be understood that terms such as “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “rear,” “side,” “height,” “length,” “width,” “upper,” “lower,” “interior,” “exterior,” “medial,” “lateral,” and the like as may be used herein, merely describe points of reference and do not limit the present invention to any particular orientation or configuration.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (2)
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US16/599,862 US20200037686A1 (en) | 2014-01-28 | 2019-10-11 | Article of apparel including thermoregulatory textile |
US18/171,310 US20230189911A1 (en) | 2014-01-28 | 2023-02-17 | Method of making article of apparel including thermoregulatory textile |
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US201461932480P | 2014-01-28 | 2014-01-28 | |
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US16/599,862 US20200037686A1 (en) | 2014-01-28 | 2019-10-11 | Article of apparel including thermoregulatory textile |
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US14/607,318 Division US10492550B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 | 2015-01-28 | Article of apparel including thermoregulatory textile |
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2015
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2019
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US10492550B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
US20230189911A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
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