US20190323510A1 - Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion - Google Patents

Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190323510A1
US20190323510A1 US16/348,659 US201716348659A US2019323510A1 US 20190323510 A1 US20190323510 A1 US 20190323510A1 US 201716348659 A US201716348659 A US 201716348659A US 2019323510 A1 US2019323510 A1 US 2019323510A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
compressor
turbine
turbocharger
casing
shaft
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/348,659
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English (en)
Inventor
Haydar SERBES
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrosserie Technic
Original Assignee
Carrosserie Technic
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrosserie Technic filed Critical Carrosserie Technic
Assigned to CARROSSERIE TECHNIC reassignment CARROSSERIE TECHNIC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SERBES, Haydar
Publication of US20190323510A1 publication Critical patent/US20190323510A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/584—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps cooling or heating the machine

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbocharger, in particular a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine.
  • the turbocharger is a forced induction system very widely used in internal combustion engines for the purpose of increasing the power of these engines.
  • the principle is to increase the density of the air supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine by compressing it using a compressor that is connected by a shaft to a turbine which is in turn set in rotation by the exhaust gases.
  • a turbocharger generally requires the use, downstream of the turbocharger, of a heat exchanger in order to cool the air and thus further increase its density, since compressed air generally has an elevated temperature at the outlet of the turbocharger.
  • the exhaust gases constitute the main source of heat within the turbocharger.
  • these exhaust gases drive an increase in temperature which is non-beneficial both for the air compressed by the turbocharger and also for the bearings of the shaft connecting the compressor and the turbine.
  • Document US2012/0003081 also discloses a turbocharger in which a cooling jacket is designed to bring compressed air directly from the compressor or downstream thereof into a cavity for the purpose of cooling the bearing of the shaft.
  • a passage which may or may not contain an overpressure valve, is therefore provided between the interior of the compressor casing and the cooling cavity.
  • turbochargers of the prior art make use of the air admitted into the compressor for the purpose of cooling the bearing or bearings supporting the shaft that connects the turbine to the compressor.
  • the above-mentioned systems do not make it possible to reduce the negative impact of the flow of heat generated by the turbine inlet gases on the air admitted to the compressor.
  • the present invention relates to a turbocharger comprising a compressor and a compressor casing that encloses said compressor, a turbine and a turbine casing that encloses said turbine, said compressor casing comprising an inlet and an outlet for the air admitted to a combustion chamber of an engine, said turbine casing comprising an inlet and an outlet for the exhaust gases, a shaft connecting said turbine and said compressor, at least one bearing for supporting and guiding in rotation said shaft, said turbocharger comprising means for securing the compressor casing to the turbine casing, said shaft comprising a free portion between the two casings, said securing means being suitable for permitting the passage of a flow of air flowing along said free portion and around said compressor casing and turbine casing.
  • the free portion of the shaft communicates directly with the exterior of the turbocharger since the means for securing the compressor casing to the turbine casing allow a flow of outside air to pass around said casings and along said free portion, with direct contact between the flow of air and the free portion.
  • the presence of this free portion substantially decreases the transfers of heat by thermal conduction between the two casings.
  • the means for securing the compressor casing to the turbine casing comprise a plurality of bars.
  • the turbocharger comprises two bearing housings for supporting the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine, the first bearing housing being located between the turbine casing and the free portion of the shaft, the second bearing housing being located between the compressor casing and the free portion of the shaft.
  • the first bearing housing is secured to the turbine casing and the second bearing housing is secured to the compressor casing.
  • the first and second bearing housings support in rotation the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine, and may contain any type of bearing suitable for fulfilling this function, whether they are, for example, journal bearings or rolling-element bearings.
  • the first and second bearing housings advantageously comprise an inlet and an outlet for receiving a lubricant, and seals for preventing leakage of lubricant toward the free portion of the shaft and the turbine and compressor casings.
  • the free portion of the shaft comprises air deflection means, said air deflection means being suitable for generating a flow of air when said shaft is rotating.
  • the air deflection means are suitable for generating a flow of air flowing in the direction from the compressor casing to the turbine casing. Indeed, a flow of air flowing in that direction permits optimal ventilation of the compressor casing, drawing around the latter a flow of air at ambient temperature coming from outside the turbocharger, while blowing away the hot air that surrounds the turbine casing, and consequently preventing this hot air from heating the compressor casing.
  • the ventilation can be brought about, either entirely or in addition to the above-described ventilation system, by ventilation means located outside the turbocharger and supplied with energy by an external energy source.
  • said air ventilation means may comprise a fan located close to the compressor casing.
  • the air deflection means comprise a plurality of blades, for example two blades, which are attached to the free portion of the shaft and will therefore be made to rotate when the turbocharger is powered by the exhaust gases.
  • the turbocharger according to the invention comprises a protective shell that surrounds the free portion of the shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor.
  • a shell of this kind acts as a protective barrier for the free portion of the shaft, which will have a very high rotational speed during operation of the turbocharger.
  • a shell of this kind may also cover all of the compressor and turbine casings, while leaving openings around the compressor and turbine casings in order to allow the passage of the flow of air generated by the air deflection means that are advantageously present on the free portion of the shaft.
  • the shell then acts as a barrier to prevent direct contact between an operator and the casings, in particular the turbine casing which will have a high temperature during operation.
  • the protective shell may be secured to the means for securing the turbine casing to the compressor casing, or directly to the turbine and compressor casings.
  • the invention relates to a vehicle, comprising an internal combustion engine connected to a turbocharger as described above.
  • a plurality of turbochargers according to the invention may be installed on a single vehicle, being mounted in series or in parallel, for the purpose of optimizing the forced induction performance in the various operating ranges of the engine.
  • the turbine casing of the turbocharger may advantageously be connected to the exhaust gases of the engine downstream of the catalytic converter.
  • the exhaust gases are at a lower temperature at the outlet of the catalytic converter than at the inlet of the latter, and it has therefore been observed that such a configuration was consequently advantageous for the purpose of minimizing transfers of heat to the compressor casing, and thus optimizing the performance of the turbocharger.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the turbocharger according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a protective shell that can be used with the turbocharger according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the turbocharger according to the invention.
  • the turbocharger consists of a compressor casing 1 that houses a radial compressor, and of a turbine casing 2 that houses a radial turbine.
  • the turbine is connected to the compressor by a shaft 3 .
  • the compressor draws in the air 4 that is intended to be admitted to the engine and, once it has compressed this air, thus sends it to the intake duct of the engine.
  • the turbine for its part, is driven by the exhaust gases 5 from the engine.
  • the compressor casing 1 is secured to the turbine casing 2 via the intermediary of a plurality of bars 6 and attachment plates 7 a and 7 b secured to said casings 1 and 2 .
  • the shaft 3 comprises a free portion 8 between the two casings 1 and 2 .
  • the free portion 8 communicates with the exterior of the turbocharger.
  • the bars 6 allow the passage of a flow of air coming from the exterior of the turbocharger and flowing around the two casings 1 and 2 and along the free portion 8 , with the bars 6 allowing direct contact between the flow of air and the free portion 8 .
  • the presence of this free portion 8 greatly reduces the transfers of heat by thermal conduction, from the turbine casing to the compressor casing, which are observed in the prior art when a central bearing housing is inserted between the two casings and is in contact therewith.
  • the shaft 3 is advantageously supported by two bearings located in bearing housings 9 a and 9 b.
  • the bearing housing 9 a is secured to the compressor casing via the intermediary of the attachment plate 7 a, while the bearing housing 9 b is secured to the turbine casing via the intermediary of the attachment plate 7 b.
  • the bearings housed in the bearing housings 9 a and 9 b may be of any kind provided that they are capable of fulfilling their role, specifically supporting and guiding in rotation the shaft 3 .
  • the bearings may be, for example, journal bearings, rolling-element bearings or foil bearings.
  • a cooling system such as a heat exchanger
  • the lubricating oil distribution circuit upstream of the turbocharger in order to minimize the temperature of this lubricating oil at the point at which it enters the turbocharger.
  • the only bearing housing may be the housing 9 a or 9 b , or a bearing housing placed at a more intermediate position between the two casings 1 and 2 .
  • the free portion 8 of the shaft 3 of the turbocharger shown in FIG. 1 comprises two blades 10 that form a helix around the shaft 3 .
  • these blades constitute air deflection means actuated in rotation and capable of generating a flow of air 11 along the free portion 8 when the turbocharger is driven by the exhaust gases 5 .
  • the geometry of the blades 10 (not shown) is chosen so as to generate a flow of air going from the compressor casing to the turbine casing when the turbine and the compressor are driven in rotation.
  • the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine has a new role which is to serve as a rotating support for a fan that draws a flow of air around the compressor casing 1 .
  • the turbocharger shown in FIG. 1 advantageously comprises a protective shell 12 , which in this instance is depicted as transparent for greater clarity, although an opaque shell could of course be used.
  • a shell 12 of this kind serves to protect access to the free portion 8 of the shaft 3 , and in particular to the blades 10 attached to the shaft 3 , which will rotate at very high speed during operation of the turbocharger.
  • the shell 12 When it covers the compressor casing 1 and turbine casing 2 , the shell 12 then also acts as a barrier to prevent direct contact between an operator and the casings, in particular the turbine casing which will have a very high temperature during operation.
  • the protective shell 12 may be secured to the bars 6 for securing the turbine casing to the compressor casing, or may be secured directly to the turbine and compressor casings, via the intermediary of attachment means such as struts 13 . However, the protective shell 12 leaves openings around the compressor casing 1 and turbine casing 2 to allow the passage of the flow of air 11 .
  • the air 11 evacuated around the turbine casing 2 may also be recovered by a heat recovery system and serve to heat certain components or regions of the vehicle.
  • the turbocharger according to the invention may be a variable-geometry turbocharger, that is to say provided with a turbine that is able to regulate the flow of the exhaust gases, thereby adjusting the flow rate in order to optimize the power of the turbine in dependence on the required load.
  • the turbocharger according to the invention may comprise a plurality of compressors and/or turbines arranged in sequence.
  • the turbocharger may for example comprise a central turbine connected to two compressors, one on either side of the turbine. A free portion 8 around which a flow of air is able to flow is then advantageously included on the shaft between the turbine and each of the two compressors.
  • FIG. 2 shows in greater detail an embodiment of the shell 12 which can be used with the turbocharger according to the invention.
  • This shell 12 advantageously comprises a part 14 for at least partially surrounding the compressor casing 1 and a part 15 for at least partially surrounding the turbine casing 2 .
  • These two parts 14 and 15 advantageously meet in a central region in order to surround the shaft 3 of the turbocharger, and are connected by securing means such as securing rods 16 .
  • Part 14 is advantageously a tubular part comprising an inlet opening 14 a for the flow of air 11 , and an outlet opening 14 b for the egress of this flow of air 11 .
  • Part 14 advantageously comprises a frustoconical portion 17 .
  • the frustoconical portion 17 is advantageously located between a distal small-diameter cylindrical portion 18 and a proximal large-diameter cylindrical portion 19 .
  • Part 15 surrounding the turbine casing 2 , is advantageously also a tubular part comprising an inlet hole 20 into which is inserted the distal portion 18 of part 14 .
  • the securing means 16 advantageously comprise 4 rods that are connected to the frustoconical portion 17 of part 14 , and to the walls of the inlet hole 20 of part 15 .
  • part 15 also comprises an outlet hole 21 for the egress of the flow of air 11 .
  • the distal portion 18 is advantageously inserted into the inlet hole 20 of part 15 with no contact therewith.
  • part 15 is at a higher temperature than part 14 , owing to the heat that it receives from the turbine casing 2 . It is therefore desirable to reduce the transfers of heat between this part 15 and part 14 , in order to improve the performance of the turbocharger.
  • a space between the distal portion 18 of part 14 and the walls of the inlet hole 20 of part 15 it is also possible to use a thermally insulating material in order to reduce the thermal transfers between the two parts 14 and 15 .
  • At least one of parts 14 and 15 is advantageously made, at least in part, using a material which helps reduce the transfers of heat by radiation, typically infrared, between the turbine casing 2 and the compressor casing 1 .
  • a material which helps reduce the transfers of heat by radiation typically infrared
  • the presence of a material of this kind having an advantageous level of opaqueness to radiation, typically infrared makes it possible to further improve the performance of the turbocharger used in combination with the protective shell 12 , since the transfers of heat between the turbine casing 2 and the compressor casing 1 are further reduced by its presence.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US16/348,659 2016-11-10 2017-11-09 Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion Abandoned US20190323510A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16198259.0A EP3321508A1 (fr) 2016-11-10 2016-11-10 Turbocompresseur avec un arbre comprenant une portion libre
EP16198259.0 2016-11-10
PCT/EP2017/078820 WO2018087262A1 (fr) 2016-11-10 2017-11-09 Turbocompresseur avec un arbre comprenant une portion libre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20190323510A1 true US20190323510A1 (en) 2019-10-24

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/348,659 Abandoned US20190323510A1 (en) 2016-11-10 2017-11-09 Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20190323510A1 (zh)
EP (2) EP3321508A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2020500272A (zh)
CN (1) CN109983233A (zh)
WO (1) WO2018087262A1 (zh)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210310374A1 (en) * 2020-01-13 2021-10-07 Polaris Industries Inc. Turbocharger Lubrication System For A Two-Stroke Engine
US11639684B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2023-05-02 Polaris Industries Inc. Exhaust gas bypass valve control for a turbocharger for a two-stroke engine
US11725573B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2023-08-15 Polaris Industries Inc. Two-passage exhaust system for an engine
US11725599B2 (en) 2020-01-13 2023-08-15 Polaris Industries Inc. System and method for controlling operation of a two-stroke engine having a turbocharger
US11781494B2 (en) 2020-01-13 2023-10-10 Polaris Industries Inc. Turbocharger system for a two-stroke engine having selectable boost modes
US11815037B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2023-11-14 Polaris Industries Inc. Method and system for controlling a two stroke engine based on fuel pressure
US11828239B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2023-11-28 Polaris Industries Inc. Method and system for controlling a turbocharged two stroke engine based on boost error
US12006860B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2024-06-11 Polaris Industries Inc. Turbocharger system for a two-stroke engine
US12031494B2 (en) 2023-07-05 2024-07-09 Polaris Industries Inc. System and method for controlling operation of a two-stroke engine having a turbocharger

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US2042533A (en) * 1933-11-20 1936-06-02 Gen Electric Rotary pump, blower, or compressor and the like
US2213939A (en) * 1937-06-26 1940-09-03 Jendrassik George Apparatus for gas turbines
US3150820A (en) * 1962-07-20 1964-09-29 Worthington Corp Turbine compressor unit
US3740170A (en) * 1971-04-23 1973-06-19 Caterpillar Tractor Co Turbocharger cooling and lubricating system
DE3642121A1 (de) * 1986-12-10 1988-06-23 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Antriebssystem
CN2549235Y (zh) * 2002-05-23 2003-05-07 张惠忠 煤气加压风机轴承冷却装置
CN101196349A (zh) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-11 何君 一种浮动轴承式高速电机驱动的空气循环机
US8784036B2 (en) 2010-07-01 2014-07-22 William E. Woollenweber Air-cooled turbocharger with optional internal pressure relief valve
DE202012011756U1 (de) * 2012-12-06 2013-01-30 Borgwarner Inc. Abgasturbolader
US9003793B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2015-04-14 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Turbocharger assembly with compressed air cooled bearings
US9926941B2 (en) * 2013-12-17 2018-03-27 Honeywell International Inc. Turbocharger center housing

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11639684B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2023-05-02 Polaris Industries Inc. Exhaust gas bypass valve control for a turbocharger for a two-stroke engine
US11725573B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2023-08-15 Polaris Industries Inc. Two-passage exhaust system for an engine
US11815037B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2023-11-14 Polaris Industries Inc. Method and system for controlling a two stroke engine based on fuel pressure
US11828239B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2023-11-28 Polaris Industries Inc. Method and system for controlling a turbocharged two stroke engine based on boost error
US12006860B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2024-06-11 Polaris Industries Inc. Turbocharger system for a two-stroke engine
US12018611B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2024-06-25 Polaris Industries Inc. Turbocharger system for a two-stroke engine
US20210310374A1 (en) * 2020-01-13 2021-10-07 Polaris Industries Inc. Turbocharger Lubrication System For A Two-Stroke Engine
US11725599B2 (en) 2020-01-13 2023-08-15 Polaris Industries Inc. System and method for controlling operation of a two-stroke engine having a turbocharger
US11781494B2 (en) 2020-01-13 2023-10-10 Polaris Industries Inc. Turbocharger system for a two-stroke engine having selectable boost modes
US11788432B2 (en) * 2020-01-13 2023-10-17 Polaris Industries Inc. Turbocharger lubrication system for a two-stroke engine
US12031494B2 (en) 2023-07-05 2024-07-09 Polaris Industries Inc. System and method for controlling operation of a two-stroke engine having a turbocharger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2018087262A1 (fr) 2018-05-17
JP2020500272A (ja) 2020-01-09
CN109983233A (zh) 2019-07-05
EP3538769A1 (fr) 2019-09-18
EP3321508A1 (fr) 2018-05-16

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