US20190323510A1 - Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion - Google Patents
Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20190323510A1 US20190323510A1 US16/348,659 US201716348659A US2019323510A1 US 20190323510 A1 US20190323510 A1 US 20190323510A1 US 201716348659 A US201716348659 A US 201716348659A US 2019323510 A1 US2019323510 A1 US 2019323510A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- turbine
- turbocharger
- casing
- shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/584—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps cooling or heating the machine
Definitions
- the invention relates to a turbocharger, in particular a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine.
- the turbocharger is a forced induction system very widely used in internal combustion engines for the purpose of increasing the power of these engines.
- the principle is to increase the density of the air supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine by compressing it using a compressor that is connected by a shaft to a turbine which is in turn set in rotation by the exhaust gases.
- a turbocharger generally requires the use, downstream of the turbocharger, of a heat exchanger in order to cool the air and thus further increase its density, since compressed air generally has an elevated temperature at the outlet of the turbocharger.
- the exhaust gases constitute the main source of heat within the turbocharger.
- these exhaust gases drive an increase in temperature which is non-beneficial both for the air compressed by the turbocharger and also for the bearings of the shaft connecting the compressor and the turbine.
- Document US2012/0003081 also discloses a turbocharger in which a cooling jacket is designed to bring compressed air directly from the compressor or downstream thereof into a cavity for the purpose of cooling the bearing of the shaft.
- a passage which may or may not contain an overpressure valve, is therefore provided between the interior of the compressor casing and the cooling cavity.
- turbochargers of the prior art make use of the air admitted into the compressor for the purpose of cooling the bearing or bearings supporting the shaft that connects the turbine to the compressor.
- the above-mentioned systems do not make it possible to reduce the negative impact of the flow of heat generated by the turbine inlet gases on the air admitted to the compressor.
- the present invention relates to a turbocharger comprising a compressor and a compressor casing that encloses said compressor, a turbine and a turbine casing that encloses said turbine, said compressor casing comprising an inlet and an outlet for the air admitted to a combustion chamber of an engine, said turbine casing comprising an inlet and an outlet for the exhaust gases, a shaft connecting said turbine and said compressor, at least one bearing for supporting and guiding in rotation said shaft, said turbocharger comprising means for securing the compressor casing to the turbine casing, said shaft comprising a free portion between the two casings, said securing means being suitable for permitting the passage of a flow of air flowing along said free portion and around said compressor casing and turbine casing.
- the free portion of the shaft communicates directly with the exterior of the turbocharger since the means for securing the compressor casing to the turbine casing allow a flow of outside air to pass around said casings and along said free portion, with direct contact between the flow of air and the free portion.
- the presence of this free portion substantially decreases the transfers of heat by thermal conduction between the two casings.
- the means for securing the compressor casing to the turbine casing comprise a plurality of bars.
- the turbocharger comprises two bearing housings for supporting the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine, the first bearing housing being located between the turbine casing and the free portion of the shaft, the second bearing housing being located between the compressor casing and the free portion of the shaft.
- the first bearing housing is secured to the turbine casing and the second bearing housing is secured to the compressor casing.
- the first and second bearing housings support in rotation the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine, and may contain any type of bearing suitable for fulfilling this function, whether they are, for example, journal bearings or rolling-element bearings.
- the first and second bearing housings advantageously comprise an inlet and an outlet for receiving a lubricant, and seals for preventing leakage of lubricant toward the free portion of the shaft and the turbine and compressor casings.
- the free portion of the shaft comprises air deflection means, said air deflection means being suitable for generating a flow of air when said shaft is rotating.
- the air deflection means are suitable for generating a flow of air flowing in the direction from the compressor casing to the turbine casing. Indeed, a flow of air flowing in that direction permits optimal ventilation of the compressor casing, drawing around the latter a flow of air at ambient temperature coming from outside the turbocharger, while blowing away the hot air that surrounds the turbine casing, and consequently preventing this hot air from heating the compressor casing.
- the ventilation can be brought about, either entirely or in addition to the above-described ventilation system, by ventilation means located outside the turbocharger and supplied with energy by an external energy source.
- said air ventilation means may comprise a fan located close to the compressor casing.
- the air deflection means comprise a plurality of blades, for example two blades, which are attached to the free portion of the shaft and will therefore be made to rotate when the turbocharger is powered by the exhaust gases.
- the turbocharger according to the invention comprises a protective shell that surrounds the free portion of the shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor.
- a shell of this kind acts as a protective barrier for the free portion of the shaft, which will have a very high rotational speed during operation of the turbocharger.
- a shell of this kind may also cover all of the compressor and turbine casings, while leaving openings around the compressor and turbine casings in order to allow the passage of the flow of air generated by the air deflection means that are advantageously present on the free portion of the shaft.
- the shell then acts as a barrier to prevent direct contact between an operator and the casings, in particular the turbine casing which will have a high temperature during operation.
- the protective shell may be secured to the means for securing the turbine casing to the compressor casing, or directly to the turbine and compressor casings.
- the invention relates to a vehicle, comprising an internal combustion engine connected to a turbocharger as described above.
- a plurality of turbochargers according to the invention may be installed on a single vehicle, being mounted in series or in parallel, for the purpose of optimizing the forced induction performance in the various operating ranges of the engine.
- the turbine casing of the turbocharger may advantageously be connected to the exhaust gases of the engine downstream of the catalytic converter.
- the exhaust gases are at a lower temperature at the outlet of the catalytic converter than at the inlet of the latter, and it has therefore been observed that such a configuration was consequently advantageous for the purpose of minimizing transfers of heat to the compressor casing, and thus optimizing the performance of the turbocharger.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the turbocharger according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a protective shell that can be used with the turbocharger according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the turbocharger according to the invention.
- the turbocharger consists of a compressor casing 1 that houses a radial compressor, and of a turbine casing 2 that houses a radial turbine.
- the turbine is connected to the compressor by a shaft 3 .
- the compressor draws in the air 4 that is intended to be admitted to the engine and, once it has compressed this air, thus sends it to the intake duct of the engine.
- the turbine for its part, is driven by the exhaust gases 5 from the engine.
- the compressor casing 1 is secured to the turbine casing 2 via the intermediary of a plurality of bars 6 and attachment plates 7 a and 7 b secured to said casings 1 and 2 .
- the shaft 3 comprises a free portion 8 between the two casings 1 and 2 .
- the free portion 8 communicates with the exterior of the turbocharger.
- the bars 6 allow the passage of a flow of air coming from the exterior of the turbocharger and flowing around the two casings 1 and 2 and along the free portion 8 , with the bars 6 allowing direct contact between the flow of air and the free portion 8 .
- the presence of this free portion 8 greatly reduces the transfers of heat by thermal conduction, from the turbine casing to the compressor casing, which are observed in the prior art when a central bearing housing is inserted between the two casings and is in contact therewith.
- the shaft 3 is advantageously supported by two bearings located in bearing housings 9 a and 9 b.
- the bearing housing 9 a is secured to the compressor casing via the intermediary of the attachment plate 7 a, while the bearing housing 9 b is secured to the turbine casing via the intermediary of the attachment plate 7 b.
- the bearings housed in the bearing housings 9 a and 9 b may be of any kind provided that they are capable of fulfilling their role, specifically supporting and guiding in rotation the shaft 3 .
- the bearings may be, for example, journal bearings, rolling-element bearings or foil bearings.
- a cooling system such as a heat exchanger
- the lubricating oil distribution circuit upstream of the turbocharger in order to minimize the temperature of this lubricating oil at the point at which it enters the turbocharger.
- the only bearing housing may be the housing 9 a or 9 b , or a bearing housing placed at a more intermediate position between the two casings 1 and 2 .
- the free portion 8 of the shaft 3 of the turbocharger shown in FIG. 1 comprises two blades 10 that form a helix around the shaft 3 .
- these blades constitute air deflection means actuated in rotation and capable of generating a flow of air 11 along the free portion 8 when the turbocharger is driven by the exhaust gases 5 .
- the geometry of the blades 10 (not shown) is chosen so as to generate a flow of air going from the compressor casing to the turbine casing when the turbine and the compressor are driven in rotation.
- the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine has a new role which is to serve as a rotating support for a fan that draws a flow of air around the compressor casing 1 .
- the turbocharger shown in FIG. 1 advantageously comprises a protective shell 12 , which in this instance is depicted as transparent for greater clarity, although an opaque shell could of course be used.
- a shell 12 of this kind serves to protect access to the free portion 8 of the shaft 3 , and in particular to the blades 10 attached to the shaft 3 , which will rotate at very high speed during operation of the turbocharger.
- the shell 12 When it covers the compressor casing 1 and turbine casing 2 , the shell 12 then also acts as a barrier to prevent direct contact between an operator and the casings, in particular the turbine casing which will have a very high temperature during operation.
- the protective shell 12 may be secured to the bars 6 for securing the turbine casing to the compressor casing, or may be secured directly to the turbine and compressor casings, via the intermediary of attachment means such as struts 13 . However, the protective shell 12 leaves openings around the compressor casing 1 and turbine casing 2 to allow the passage of the flow of air 11 .
- the air 11 evacuated around the turbine casing 2 may also be recovered by a heat recovery system and serve to heat certain components or regions of the vehicle.
- the turbocharger according to the invention may be a variable-geometry turbocharger, that is to say provided with a turbine that is able to regulate the flow of the exhaust gases, thereby adjusting the flow rate in order to optimize the power of the turbine in dependence on the required load.
- the turbocharger according to the invention may comprise a plurality of compressors and/or turbines arranged in sequence.
- the turbocharger may for example comprise a central turbine connected to two compressors, one on either side of the turbine. A free portion 8 around which a flow of air is able to flow is then advantageously included on the shaft between the turbine and each of the two compressors.
- FIG. 2 shows in greater detail an embodiment of the shell 12 which can be used with the turbocharger according to the invention.
- This shell 12 advantageously comprises a part 14 for at least partially surrounding the compressor casing 1 and a part 15 for at least partially surrounding the turbine casing 2 .
- These two parts 14 and 15 advantageously meet in a central region in order to surround the shaft 3 of the turbocharger, and are connected by securing means such as securing rods 16 .
- Part 14 is advantageously a tubular part comprising an inlet opening 14 a for the flow of air 11 , and an outlet opening 14 b for the egress of this flow of air 11 .
- Part 14 advantageously comprises a frustoconical portion 17 .
- the frustoconical portion 17 is advantageously located between a distal small-diameter cylindrical portion 18 and a proximal large-diameter cylindrical portion 19 .
- Part 15 surrounding the turbine casing 2 , is advantageously also a tubular part comprising an inlet hole 20 into which is inserted the distal portion 18 of part 14 .
- the securing means 16 advantageously comprise 4 rods that are connected to the frustoconical portion 17 of part 14 , and to the walls of the inlet hole 20 of part 15 .
- part 15 also comprises an outlet hole 21 for the egress of the flow of air 11 .
- the distal portion 18 is advantageously inserted into the inlet hole 20 of part 15 with no contact therewith.
- part 15 is at a higher temperature than part 14 , owing to the heat that it receives from the turbine casing 2 . It is therefore desirable to reduce the transfers of heat between this part 15 and part 14 , in order to improve the performance of the turbocharger.
- a space between the distal portion 18 of part 14 and the walls of the inlet hole 20 of part 15 it is also possible to use a thermally insulating material in order to reduce the thermal transfers between the two parts 14 and 15 .
- At least one of parts 14 and 15 is advantageously made, at least in part, using a material which helps reduce the transfers of heat by radiation, typically infrared, between the turbine casing 2 and the compressor casing 1 .
- a material which helps reduce the transfers of heat by radiation typically infrared
- the presence of a material of this kind having an advantageous level of opaqueness to radiation, typically infrared makes it possible to further improve the performance of the turbocharger used in combination with the protective shell 12 , since the transfers of heat between the turbine casing 2 and the compressor casing 1 are further reduced by its presence.
Abstract
A turbocharger includes a compressor and a compressor housing (1) surrounding the compressor, a turbine and a turbine housing (2) surrounding the turbine. The compressor housing (1) includes an inlet and an outlet for the air (4) entering a combustion chamber of an engine. The turbine housing (2) includes an inlet and an outlet for the exhaust gases (5), a shaft (3) linking the turbine and the compressor, at least one bearing for supporting and guiding the rotation of the shaft (3). The turbocharger includes attachment means (6, 7a, 7b) for attaching the turbine housing (2) to the compressor housing (1). The shaft (3) includes a free portion (8) between the two housings (1, 2), the attachment means (6, 7a, 7b) being suitable for allowing the passage of a flow of air circulating along the free portion (8) and around the turbine housing (2) and compressor housing (1).
Description
- The invention relates to a turbocharger, in particular a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine.
- The turbocharger is a forced induction system very widely used in internal combustion engines for the purpose of increasing the power of these engines. The principle is to increase the density of the air supplied to the combustion chamber of the engine by compressing it using a compressor that is connected by a shaft to a turbine which is in turn set in rotation by the exhaust gases. For optimal operation, a turbocharger generally requires the use, downstream of the turbocharger, of a heat exchanger in order to cool the air and thus further increase its density, since compressed air generally has an elevated temperature at the outlet of the turbocharger. Owing to their high temperature, the exhaust gases constitute the main source of heat within the turbocharger. Thus, these exhaust gases drive an increase in temperature which is non-beneficial both for the air compressed by the turbocharger and also for the bearings of the shaft connecting the compressor and the turbine.
- Document US2014/0352299 discloses a turbocharger in which a cooling duct is designed so as to convey part of the air compressed in the compressor close to the bearing of the shaft between the turbine and the compressor. A cooling system of this kind therefore has the aim of cooling the bearing in order to protect it from the heating due to the friction of the shaft in the bearing and due to the high temperatures of the exhaust gases.
- Document US2012/0003081 also discloses a turbocharger in which a cooling jacket is designed to bring compressed air directly from the compressor or downstream thereof into a cavity for the purpose of cooling the bearing of the shaft. A passage, which may or may not contain an overpressure valve, is therefore provided between the interior of the compressor casing and the cooling cavity.
- Thus, the above-mentioned turbochargers of the prior art make use of the air admitted into the compressor for the purpose of cooling the bearing or bearings supporting the shaft that connects the turbine to the compressor. However, the above-mentioned systems do not make it possible to reduce the negative impact of the flow of heat generated by the turbine inlet gases on the air admitted to the compressor.
- The present invention is defined in the appended independent claim. The preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
- According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a turbocharger comprising a compressor and a compressor casing that encloses said compressor, a turbine and a turbine casing that encloses said turbine, said compressor casing comprising an inlet and an outlet for the air admitted to a combustion chamber of an engine, said turbine casing comprising an inlet and an outlet for the exhaust gases, a shaft connecting said turbine and said compressor, at least one bearing for supporting and guiding in rotation said shaft, said turbocharger comprising means for securing the compressor casing to the turbine casing, said shaft comprising a free portion between the two casings, said securing means being suitable for permitting the passage of a flow of air flowing along said free portion and around said compressor casing and turbine casing.
- The presence of the free portion, which is therefore a portion of the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine which is not enclosed within a bearing housing, makes it possible to reduce the conduction of heat, from the turbine casing to the compressor casing, which is conventionally observed in the prior art. Indeed, it has been observed that the presence of a bearing housing surrounding all of that portion of the shaft between the compressor casing and the turbine casing gave rise to a non-negligible flow of heat from the turbine casing, which is therefore heated by the exhaust gases, to the compressor casing, in which any increase in temperature is therefore disadvantageous owing to the resulting decrease in density of the compressed air.
- Thus, the free portion of the shaft communicates directly with the exterior of the turbocharger since the means for securing the compressor casing to the turbine casing allow a flow of outside air to pass around said casings and along said free portion, with direct contact between the flow of air and the free portion. Thus, and in contrast to that observed in the prior art, the presence of this free portion substantially decreases the transfers of heat by thermal conduction between the two casings.
- According to one advantageous embodiment, the means for securing the compressor casing to the turbine casing comprise a plurality of bars.
- According to one advantageous embodiment, the turbocharger comprises two bearing housings for supporting the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine, the first bearing housing being located between the turbine casing and the free portion of the shaft, the second bearing housing being located between the compressor casing and the free portion of the shaft. The first bearing housing is secured to the turbine casing and the second bearing housing is secured to the compressor casing. Thus, the first and second bearing housings support in rotation the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine, and may contain any type of bearing suitable for fulfilling this function, whether they are, for example, journal bearings or rolling-element bearings. The first and second bearing housings advantageously comprise an inlet and an outlet for receiving a lubricant, and seals for preventing leakage of lubricant toward the free portion of the shaft and the turbine and compressor casings.
- According to one advantageous embodiment, the free portion of the shaft comprises air deflection means, said air deflection means being suitable for generating a flow of air when said shaft is rotating. Very advantageously, the air deflection means are suitable for generating a flow of air flowing in the direction from the compressor casing to the turbine casing. Indeed, a flow of air flowing in that direction permits optimal ventilation of the compressor casing, drawing around the latter a flow of air at ambient temperature coming from outside the turbocharger, while blowing away the hot air that surrounds the turbine casing, and consequently preventing this hot air from heating the compressor casing. The presence of, on one hand, the free portion on the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine and, on the other hand, air deflection means that generate a flow of air from the compressor casing toward the turbine casing along the free portion thus permits optimal cooling of the compressor casing while reducing the thermal conduction between the compressor casing and the turbine casing, and furthermore effecting efficient ventilation of the air close to the compressor casing. This ensures optimal thermal insulation of the compressor casing with respect to the turbine casing. With such a system, it can be observed that the efficiency of the engine connected to the turbocharger is significantly improved, and also that it is no longer necessary to use an intercooler. In other embodiments, the ventilation can be brought about, either entirely or in addition to the above-described ventilation system, by ventilation means located outside the turbocharger and supplied with energy by an external energy source. For example, said air ventilation means may comprise a fan located close to the compressor casing.
- According to one advantageous embodiment, the air deflection means comprise a plurality of blades, for example two blades, which are attached to the free portion of the shaft and will therefore be made to rotate when the turbocharger is powered by the exhaust gases.
- According to one advantageous embodiment, the turbocharger according to the invention comprises a protective shell that surrounds the free portion of the shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor. A shell of this kind acts as a protective barrier for the free portion of the shaft, which will have a very high rotational speed during operation of the turbocharger. A shell of this kind may also cover all of the compressor and turbine casings, while leaving openings around the compressor and turbine casings in order to allow the passage of the flow of air generated by the air deflection means that are advantageously present on the free portion of the shaft. In this case, the shell then acts as a barrier to prevent direct contact between an operator and the casings, in particular the turbine casing which will have a high temperature during operation. The protective shell may be secured to the means for securing the turbine casing to the compressor casing, or directly to the turbine and compressor casings.
- According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a vehicle, comprising an internal combustion engine connected to a turbocharger as described above. Moreover, a plurality of turbochargers according to the invention may be installed on a single vehicle, being mounted in series or in parallel, for the purpose of optimizing the forced induction performance in the various operating ranges of the engine. Furthermore, in a vehicle comprising a turbocharger according to the invention and a catalytic converter in its exhaust line for the purpose of reducing the toxicity of the exhaust gases, the turbine casing of the turbocharger may advantageously be connected to the exhaust gases of the engine downstream of the catalytic converter. Indeed, the exhaust gases are at a lower temperature at the outlet of the catalytic converter than at the inlet of the latter, and it has therefore been observed that such a configuration was consequently advantageous for the purpose of minimizing transfers of heat to the compressor casing, and thus optimizing the performance of the turbocharger.
- These aspects of the invention, and other complementary aspects, will be explained in greater detail by means of examples and with reference to the appended drawing:
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FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the turbocharger according to the invention; -
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a protective shell that can be used with the turbocharger according to the invention. - The figures are not drawn to scale.
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FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the turbocharger according to the invention. Thus, the turbocharger consists of acompressor casing 1 that houses a radial compressor, and of aturbine casing 2 that houses a radial turbine. The turbine is connected to the compressor by a shaft 3. Thus, the compressor draws in the air 4 that is intended to be admitted to the engine and, once it has compressed this air, thus sends it to the intake duct of the engine. The turbine, for its part, is driven by the exhaust gases 5 from the engine. Thecompressor casing 1 is secured to theturbine casing 2 via the intermediary of a plurality ofbars 6 andattachment plates casings free portion 8 between the twocasings - Thus, the
free portion 8 communicates with the exterior of the turbocharger. In particular, thebars 6 allow the passage of a flow of air coming from the exterior of the turbocharger and flowing around the twocasings free portion 8, with thebars 6 allowing direct contact between the flow of air and thefree portion 8. The presence of thisfree portion 8 greatly reduces the transfers of heat by thermal conduction, from the turbine casing to the compressor casing, which are observed in the prior art when a central bearing housing is inserted between the two casings and is in contact therewith. - The shaft 3 is advantageously supported by two bearings located in bearing
housings bearing housing 9 a is secured to the compressor casing via the intermediary of theattachment plate 7 a, while the bearinghousing 9 b is secured to the turbine casing via the intermediary of theattachment plate 7 b. The bearings housed in the bearinghousings bearing housings free portion 8 and the compressor andturbine casings bearing housings housing casings - The
free portion 8 of the shaft 3 of the turbocharger shown inFIG. 1 comprises twoblades 10 that form a helix around the shaft 3. Thus, these blades constitute air deflection means actuated in rotation and capable of generating a flow ofair 11 along thefree portion 8 when the turbocharger is driven by the exhaust gases 5. The geometry of the blades 10 (not shown) is chosen so as to generate a flow of air going from the compressor casing to the turbine casing when the turbine and the compressor are driven in rotation. Indeed, a flow of air flowing in that direction permits optimal ventilation of thecompressor casing 1, drawing around the latter a flow of air at ambient temperature coming from outside the turbocharger, while blowing away the hot air that surrounds theturbine casing 2, and consequently preventing this hot air from heating thecompressor casing 1. Thus, in the system according to the invention, the shaft connecting the compressor to the turbine has a new role which is to serve as a rotating support for a fan that draws a flow of air around thecompressor casing 1. The presence of, on one hand, thefree portion 8 on the shaft 3 and, on the other hand, air deflection means that generate a flow of air from thecompressor casing 1 toward theturbine casing 2 along thefree portion 8 thus permits optimal cooling of thecompressor casing 1 while reducing the thermal conduction between thecompressor casing 1 and theturbine casing 2, and furthermore effecting efficient ventilation of the air close to thecompressor casing 1. With such a system, it can be observed that the efficiency of the engine connected to the turbocharger is significantly improved, and also that it is no longer necessary to use an intercooler. - The turbocharger shown in
FIG. 1 advantageously comprises aprotective shell 12, which in this instance is depicted as transparent for greater clarity, although an opaque shell could of course be used. Ashell 12 of this kind serves to protect access to thefree portion 8 of the shaft 3, and in particular to theblades 10 attached to the shaft 3, which will rotate at very high speed during operation of the turbocharger. When it covers thecompressor casing 1 andturbine casing 2, theshell 12 then also acts as a barrier to prevent direct contact between an operator and the casings, in particular the turbine casing which will have a very high temperature during operation. Theprotective shell 12 may be secured to thebars 6 for securing the turbine casing to the compressor casing, or may be secured directly to the turbine and compressor casings, via the intermediary of attachment means such as struts 13. However, theprotective shell 12 leaves openings around thecompressor casing 1 andturbine casing 2 to allow the passage of the flow ofair 11. Theair 11 evacuated around theturbine casing 2 may also be recovered by a heat recovery system and serve to heat certain components or regions of the vehicle. - Moreover, the turbocharger according to the invention may be a variable-geometry turbocharger, that is to say provided with a turbine that is able to regulate the flow of the exhaust gases, thereby adjusting the flow rate in order to optimize the power of the turbine in dependence on the required load. Furthermore, the turbocharger according to the invention may comprise a plurality of compressors and/or turbines arranged in sequence. The turbocharger may for example comprise a central turbine connected to two compressors, one on either side of the turbine. A
free portion 8 around which a flow of air is able to flow is then advantageously included on the shaft between the turbine and each of the two compressors. -
FIG. 2 shows in greater detail an embodiment of theshell 12 which can be used with the turbocharger according to the invention. Thisshell 12 advantageously comprises apart 14 for at least partially surrounding thecompressor casing 1 and apart 15 for at least partially surrounding theturbine casing 2. These twoparts rods 16.Part 14 is advantageously a tubular part comprising an inlet opening 14 a for the flow ofair 11, and anoutlet opening 14 b for the egress of this flow ofair 11.Part 14 advantageously comprises afrustoconical portion 17. Thefrustoconical portion 17 is advantageously located between a distal small-diametercylindrical portion 18 and a proximal large-diametercylindrical portion 19.Part 15, surrounding theturbine casing 2, is advantageously also a tubular part comprising aninlet hole 20 into which is inserted thedistal portion 18 ofpart 14. The securing means 16 advantageously comprise 4 rods that are connected to thefrustoconical portion 17 ofpart 14, and to the walls of theinlet hole 20 ofpart 15. Advantageously,part 15 also comprises anoutlet hole 21 for the egress of the flow ofair 11. Thedistal portion 18 is advantageously inserted into theinlet hole 20 ofpart 15 with no contact therewith. Indeed, the presence of a space between thedistal portion 18 and the walls of theinlet hole 20 makes it possible to reduce the transfers of heat by conduction betweenparts protective shell 12. During operation,part 15 is at a higher temperature thanpart 14, owing to the heat that it receives from theturbine casing 2. It is therefore desirable to reduce the transfers of heat between thispart 15 andpart 14, in order to improve the performance of the turbocharger. Instead of a space between thedistal portion 18 ofpart 14 and the walls of theinlet hole 20 ofpart 15, it is also possible to use a thermally insulating material in order to reduce the thermal transfers between the twoparts parts turbine casing 2 and thecompressor casing 1. Indeed, the presence of a material of this kind having an advantageous level of opaqueness to radiation, typically infrared, makes it possible to further improve the performance of the turbocharger used in combination with theprotective shell 12, since the transfers of heat between theturbine casing 2 and thecompressor casing 1 are further reduced by its presence.
Claims (8)
1. A turbocharger comprising a compressor and a compressor casing (1) that encloses said compressor, a turbine and a turbine casing (2) that encloses said turbine, said compressor casing (1) comprising an inlet and an outlet for the air (4) admitted to a combustion chamber of an engine, said turbine casing (2) comprising an inlet and an outlet for the exhaust gases (5), a shaft (3) connecting said turbine and said compressor, at least one bearing (9 a, 9 b) for supporting and guiding in rotation said shaft (3), said turbocharger comprising means (6, 7 a, 7 b) for securing the compressor casing (1) to the turbine casing (2), characterized in that said shaft (3) comprises a free portion (8) between the two casings (1, 2), said securing means (6, 7 a, 7 b) being suitable for permitting the passage of a flow of air flowing along said free portion (8) and around said compressor casing (1) and turbine casing (2).
2. The turbocharger as claimed in claim 1 , in which the free portion (8) of the shaft (3) comprises air deflection means (10), said air deflection means (10) being suitable for generating a flow of air when said shaft (3) is rotating.
3. The turbocharger as claimed in claim 2 , in which the air deflection means (10) are suitable for generating a flow of air flowing in the direction from the compressor casing (1) to the turbine casing (2).
4. The turbocharger as claimed in claim 2 , in which the air deflection means comprise blades (10) attached to said shaft (3).
5. The turbocharger as claimed in claim 1 , in which a protective shell (12) is secured around said compressor casing (1), said turbine casing (2) and said free portion (8) of the shaft (3).
6. The turbocharger as claimed in claim 1 , in which the means for securing the compressor casing (1) to the turbine casing (2) comprise a plurality of bars (6).
7. The turbocharger as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a first bearing housing (9 a) located between the compressor casing (1) and the free portion (8) of the shaft, and a second bearing housing (9 b) located between the turbine casing (2) and the free portion of the shaft (8).
8. A vehicle, characterized in that it comprises an internal combustion engine connected to a turbocharger as claimed in claim 1 .
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16198259.0 | 2016-11-10 | ||
EP16198259.0A EP3321508A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2016-11-10 | Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion |
PCT/EP2017/078820 WO2018087262A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2017-11-09 | Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20190323510A1 true US20190323510A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
Family
ID=57394340
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/348,659 Abandoned US20190323510A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2017-11-09 | Turbocharger with a shaft comprising a free portion |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190323510A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3321508A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2020500272A (en) |
CN (1) | CN109983233A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018087262A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20210310374A1 (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2021-10-07 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Turbocharger Lubrication System For A Two-Stroke Engine |
US11639684B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2023-05-02 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Exhaust gas bypass valve control for a turbocharger for a two-stroke engine |
US11725573B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2023-08-15 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Two-passage exhaust system for an engine |
US11725599B2 (en) | 2020-01-13 | 2023-08-15 | Polaris Industries Inc. | System and method for controlling operation of a two-stroke engine having a turbocharger |
US11781494B2 (en) | 2020-01-13 | 2023-10-10 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Turbocharger system for a two-stroke engine having selectable boost modes |
US11815037B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2023-11-14 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Method and system for controlling a two stroke engine based on fuel pressure |
US11828239B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2023-11-28 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Method and system for controlling a turbocharged two stroke engine based on boost error |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2042533A (en) * | 1933-11-20 | 1936-06-02 | Gen Electric | Rotary pump, blower, or compressor and the like |
US2213939A (en) * | 1937-06-26 | 1940-09-03 | Jendrassik George | Apparatus for gas turbines |
US3150820A (en) * | 1962-07-20 | 1964-09-29 | Worthington Corp | Turbine compressor unit |
US3740170A (en) * | 1971-04-23 | 1973-06-19 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Turbocharger cooling and lubricating system |
DE3642121A1 (en) * | 1986-12-10 | 1988-06-23 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | DRIVE SYSTEM |
CN2549235Y (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-05-07 | 张惠忠 | Bearing cooler of gas pressurizing fan |
CN101196349A (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-11 | 何君 | Air circulation machine driven by floating bearing type high-speed electric machine |
US8784036B2 (en) | 2010-07-01 | 2014-07-22 | William E. Woollenweber | Air-cooled turbocharger with optional internal pressure relief valve |
DE202012011756U1 (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-01-30 | Borgwarner Inc. | turbocharger |
US9003793B2 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2015-04-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Turbocharger assembly with compressed air cooled bearings |
US9926941B2 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2018-03-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbocharger center housing |
-
2016
- 2016-11-10 EP EP16198259.0A patent/EP3321508A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-11-09 EP EP17801639.0A patent/EP3538769A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-11-09 CN CN201780071159.4A patent/CN109983233A/en active Pending
- 2017-11-09 JP JP2019524944A patent/JP2020500272A/en active Pending
- 2017-11-09 US US16/348,659 patent/US20190323510A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-11-09 WO PCT/EP2017/078820 patent/WO2018087262A1/en unknown
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11639684B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2023-05-02 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Exhaust gas bypass valve control for a turbocharger for a two-stroke engine |
US11725573B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2023-08-15 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Two-passage exhaust system for an engine |
US11815037B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2023-11-14 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Method and system for controlling a two stroke engine based on fuel pressure |
US11828239B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2023-11-28 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Method and system for controlling a turbocharged two stroke engine based on boost error |
US20210310374A1 (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2021-10-07 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Turbocharger Lubrication System For A Two-Stroke Engine |
US11725599B2 (en) | 2020-01-13 | 2023-08-15 | Polaris Industries Inc. | System and method for controlling operation of a two-stroke engine having a turbocharger |
US11781494B2 (en) | 2020-01-13 | 2023-10-10 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Turbocharger system for a two-stroke engine having selectable boost modes |
US11788432B2 (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2023-10-17 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Turbocharger lubrication system for a two-stroke engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3321508A1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
WO2018087262A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
EP3538769A1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
CN109983233A (en) | 2019-07-05 |
JP2020500272A (en) | 2020-01-09 |
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