US20190145072A1 - Sea wall structures, sea walls and methods of manufacture and assembly of the same - Google Patents

Sea wall structures, sea walls and methods of manufacture and assembly of the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190145072A1
US20190145072A1 US16/095,232 US201716095232A US2019145072A1 US 20190145072 A1 US20190145072 A1 US 20190145072A1 US 201716095232 A US201716095232 A US 201716095232A US 2019145072 A1 US2019145072 A1 US 2019145072A1
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Prior art keywords
sea wall
sea
wall structure
tanks
tank
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Abandoned
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US16/095,232
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Haigh
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Renewable Hydrocarbons Ltd
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Renewable Hydrocarbons Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E02B3/066—Quays
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to sea wall structures, sea walls and methods of manufacture and assembly of the same, respectively.
  • Sea walls are used in a wide range of marine or civil engineering applications to separate two or more bodies of water (for example, as a harbour wall), or as a retaining structure (such as a dyke), to hold-back a body of water.
  • bodies of water for example, as a harbour wall
  • a retaining structure such as a dyke
  • Sea walls are traditionally constructed from locally-sourced construction material, such as sand or gravel found on the sea bed in the immediate vicinity of the intended sea wall, which is piled up, using dredgers, to a level above the waterline.
  • construction material such as sand or gravel found on the sea bed in the immediate vicinity of the intended sea wall, which is piled up, using dredgers, to a level above the waterline.
  • dredgers To prevent the construction material from washing away, one or more layers of retaining material, such as geotextiles, rocks and boulders, concrete etc. are then placed or poured over the construction material to cap it and hence keep it in-situ.
  • dredgers is increasingly becoming disapproved of because of the adverse effects that they cause to marine ecosystems by disturbing and/or redistributing the sea bed.
  • marine life living in the sea bed are often unable to survive the dredging process, or to survive in the new structure, resulting in death and subsequent decomposition within the sea wall's fill material, which can have adverse effects later on, for example, outgassing of methane, or forming voids in the granular fill material.
  • dredging is a slow, labour- and energy-intensive procedure, and tends to be expensive.
  • a sea wall structure comprising a rigid supporting structure and one or more hollow tanks affixed to or within the supporting structure.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a sea wall formed from a plurality of sealingly interconnected sea wall structures as herein described.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a method of manufacturing a sea wall structure as herein described.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a method of assembling a sea wall from a plurality of sea wall structures as herein described.
  • sea wall structure comprising a supporting structure and one or more hollow tanks, it is possible to vastly reduce the amount of material required to construct the sea wall structure as the portion of it formed by the tank or tanks is essentially hollow.
  • tank or tanks can be useful in transporting the sea wall structure over land because when empty (i.e. filled with air), this renders the sea wall structure considerably lighter and thus more easily and inexpensively handled (lifted/moved) compared to, say, a solid concrete wall structure.
  • the tank or tanks can be useful in transporting the sea wall structure over water because, in certain embodiments, the size of the tank or tanks can be designed in such a way that their displacement in water is sufficient to support the weight of the sea wall structure when floated on water. This means that the sea wall structure can be floated and towed to site, rather than having to be loaded onto a barge or the like, which greatly simplifies the installation and assembly of a sea wall constructed from one or more of the sea wall structures.
  • the tank or tanks can be filled with ballast, such as sea water, to orient and/or to sink the sea wall structure and also to render it more heavy and/or solid.
  • ballast such as sea water
  • the tank or tanks of the invention can serve as buoyancy or ballast tanks, depending on whether they are empty (or filled with a gas), or full (e.g., filled with water or other ballast), respectively.
  • the supporting framework is suitably manufactured from concrete, such as moulded, poured, reinforced concrete. Concrete is readily available in most parts of the world, and thus it is possible, in certain situations, to manufacture the sea wall structure locally (i.e. close to the final installation site) by the use of moulds and the like. This, advantageously, reduces the environmental impact of transporting the sea wall structure.
  • the invention also reduces the amount of concrete that is used in the manufacture of sea walls, compared with solid concrete wall structures.
  • the tank or tanks are suitably formed from blow-moulded plastics, and are preferably manufactured from locally-sourced recycled materials, thereby reducing the structure's environmental impact yet further.
  • the tank or tanks are ideally designed with formations, such as flanges comprising through holes, that “key” with poured concrete of the supporting framework.
  • the or each tank may comprise one or more engagement means adapted in use, to engage with the rebar of the reinforced concrete supporting framework prior to pouring of the concrete.
  • the provision of engagement means usefully enables the or each tank to be clipped to, or otherwise temporarily connected to the rebar, thereby facilitating retaining the or each tank in its correct position during the concrete pouring and setting procedure (otherwise, the tanks might float out of the concrete before it sets).
  • the engagement means may also help to anchor the tanks into the concrete, thereby improving the integrity of the sea wall structure.
  • the supporting structure of the sea wall structure is made from poured concrete
  • this may usefully form a seal with the tanks that are in contact with the concrete, thereby preventing water from leaking through the sea wall structure (via gaps between the supporting structure and the tanks), in use.
  • a bonding or sealing agent such as an adhesive layer, bitumen etc.
  • Each sea wall structure is preferably generally cuboidal, to facilitate the modular assembly of a sea wall by placing several like sea wall structures side-by-side.
  • the sea wall structure has “left” and “right” sides, which are complementarily engageable with one another.
  • the left and right sides of the sea wall structure comprise lips that partially overlap one another when two sea wall structures are placed side by side.
  • Such a configuration when correctly implemented, may provide a small channel (formed by two L-shaped lips coming together) into which a seal can be inserted or poured, for form a watertight (or a substantially watertight) seal between the edges of adjacent sea wall structures.
  • the (vertical) side edges of the sea wall structure comprise complementary connectors to engage adjacent sea wall structures with one another.
  • the connectors comprise a cup and pin arrangement: the cups and pins being disposed on opposite sides of each sea wall structure so that they can engage to lock two adjacent sea wall structures together.
  • the connectors are self-centring, for example, with the pin having a tapered point that engages a part-conical portion of the cup.
  • the pin is lowered into the cup, it self-aligns.
  • either or both of the complementary connectors are slightly canted such that when they are engaged with one another, at least one of the two connected sea wall structures is “pulled into” engagement with the other.
  • a tubular steel pile can be installed within the sleeves formed by the connection and the top of this steel pile can be bolted to connection points on the top of the sea wall structure.
  • each tank may be provided with a valve.
  • the valves are suitably controllable remotely to enable each tank to be filled individually, in groups, or together. This is suitably accomplished by providing electronically-controllable valves.
  • the outlet of each valve, where provided, communicates with the interior of a tank, and the inlet of each valve, where provided, is connected to a fluid source.
  • the fluid source may be sea water in or upon which the sea wall structure is located.
  • the fluid source may comprise pipework connected to an air or gas supply; and/or to a supply of liquid (e.g. water) or other flowable (fluid-like) ballast (e.g. fine, dry sand, glass beads, metal powder and the like).
  • the sea wall structure can be floated to site by emptying all of its tanks so that it floats in water.
  • the lowermost tanks can be flooded with water to sink the lower end of the sea wall structure, thereby beginning to right it in the water (stand upright).
  • further tanks can be flooded with sea water to continue the righting procedure until the sea wall structure floats vertically (upright) in the water.
  • subsequent tank flooding sinks the sea wall structure to the sea bed, where it rests.
  • Yet further flooding of yet further tanks can be used to drive the base of the sea wall structure into the sea bed.
  • the base (lower edge) of the sea wall structure suitably comprises a pile-like structure, such a downwardly extending legs/pins/skirts that can pile into the sea bed, or a hollow/recess on its lower edge, which can be driven into the sea bed, or evacuated in a “suction pile” fashion to anchor the sea wall structure into the sea bed.
  • sea wall structures can then be installed adjacent to the already-installed sea wall structures, to form a contiguous sea wall.
  • Two or more sea walls so formed may be formed in a generally parallel, spaced-apart relationship, to form a two-walled structure, which can be topped, for example, by a deck/roadway to form a causeway or access.
  • the space between the sea walls can be backfilled, if desired, with various materials, including sand, gravel, building detritus, landfill material etc., or left empty (or emptied) to form a caisson between the sea walls.
  • the invention can be used in the construction of small- and large-scale civil engineering projects, such as tidal barrages for electricity generation, dykes for reclaiming land, tidal/flood/coastal erosion defences, and in tidal energy generation and storage systems, such as that described in UK Patent No: GB2507362.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sea wall structure in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a partial sea wall formed by two adjacent sea wall structures as shown in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial front view of the two sea wall structures of FIG. 2 showing how the cups and pins align;
  • FIG. 4 is a detail view of FIG. 3 showing the engagement of the cups and pins, and an optional steel pile;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view on the of FIG. 3 showing how the two sea wall structures mate, when coupled;
  • FIGS. 6 to 11 are a sequence of plan views showing how a sea wall structure in accordance with the invention can be manufactured
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-section of FIG. 11 on XII;
  • FIG. 12A is a schematic cross-section of a variant of the sea wall structure shown in FIG. 12 ;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a sea wall structure in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 are schematic side views showing the installation of a sea wall structure in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-section of a sea wall installed with a supporting buttress
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-section of a causeway/caisson formed using two sea walls in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-section of a causeway/caisson formed with pile-supported sea walls in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a tidal power generation and storage system, such as that described in UK Patent No: GB2507362, constructed using sea walls in accordance with the invention.
  • a sea wall structure 10 in accordance with the invention comprises a cast concrete supporting structure 12 , which has an array (in this case a 5 ⁇ 9 array) of tanks 14 moulded into it.
  • the sea wall structure 10 is generally cuboidal in shape—having vertical left 16 and right 18 side edges, a horizontal upper edge 20 and a horizontal lower edge 22 . Extending downwardly from the lower edge 22 are a set of piles or skirts 24 , which can be driven into the seabed to support the sea wall structure 10 , as shall be described below.
  • the left 16 and right 18 side edges of the sea wall structure 10 each have a lip formation 26 intimately formed in the cast concrete supporting structure 12 , the function of which shall be described in greater detail below.
  • the left 16 and right 18 side edges of the sea wall structure 10 are also provided with complimentary coupling members, in the form of pins 28 (affixed to the right side edge 18 ) and cups 30 (connected to the left side edge 16 ).
  • the sea wall structure is a modular unit, which can be installed along with other like units to form a sea wall as shown in FIGS. 2, 16, 17 and 18 of the drawings.
  • a sea wall 100 can be assembled by connecting together a series of like sea wall structures 10 by connecting the pins 28 and cups 30 , as previously described, together.
  • the left-hand sea wall structure 10 is installed in the seabed and is therefore slightly lower than the right-hand sea wall structure 10 ′, which has yet to be driven into the seabed.
  • the right-hand sea wall structure 10 ′ is offered up to the pre-installed sea wall structure 10 and its pins 28 are offered-up to the cups 30 of the pre-installed sea wall structure 10 .
  • its pins 28 engage with the cups 30 of the pre-installed sea wall structure 10 , to form a modular assembly.
  • the process can, of course, be repeated by adding additional sea wall structures 10 to the sea wall 100 , to extend the width of the sea wall 100 laterally, as required.
  • FIGS. 3 to 5 of the drawings The engagement of the pins 28 and cups 30 is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 3 to 5 of the drawings.
  • the left-hand sea wall structure 10 is pre-installed, that is to say with its piles 24 driven fully into the seabed (not shown) to anchor the sea wall structure 10 in position.
  • the next sea wall structure 10 ′ is then moved into position with its pins 28 located above the cups 30 of the pre-installed sea wall structure 10 .
  • the (right-hand) sea wall structure 10 ′ can be sunk into position, whereupon the pins 28 , which have chamfered lower peripheral edges, engage with a part-conical portion 32 of the cups 30 of the pre-installed sea wall structure.
  • FIG. 5 of the drawings which is a schematic plan view on the of FIG. 3
  • the lips 26 of each of the sea wall structures 10 , 10 ′ comes into engagement with the respective opposite side edge 16 , 18 of the adjacent sea wall structure 10 .
  • a bead of sealant 34 can be used to form a watertight seal between the lips 26 and their corresponding mating side edges 16 , 18 of the sea wall structures 10 and/or a grout or sealant 36 can be injected into the cavity formed between the adjacent sea wall structures 10 to further inhibit and/or prevent the leakage of seawater from one side of the sea wall 100 to the other.
  • FIGS. 6 to 11 are a sequence of drawings showing how the sea wall structure 10 can be manufactured relatively easily, and preferably close to the final installation site of the sea wall 100 .
  • FIGS. 6 to 11 are plan views showing how the sea wall structure 10 can be fabricated in a generally horizontal (laid-flat) orientation.
  • a shuttering arrangement 200 is formed by arranging (for example in a jig) a set of side shutters 202 , a lower 204 and an upper 206 shutter.
  • a set of generally cuboid blanks 208 are placed inside the shuttering 200 atop the lower shutter 204 to form a mould for the piles 24 as shall become apparent later.
  • the side shutters 202 eventually form the left and right side edges of the sea wall structure 10 , and so are made up of formed steel or reinforced concrete members having an integrally-formed lip (not shown) and cups 30 and pins 28 (as described above).
  • the rebar comprises a peripheral frame 210 , a set of vertical rebars 212 (which extend into the pile parts of the structure between the blanks 208 ) and a set of horizontal rebars 214 , which are laid into the shuttering 200 to form a grid-like structure.
  • the lengths of the vertical 212 and horizontal 214 rebars are fabricated in sections which are connected by overlapping the main reinforcement in accordance with the specific reinforced concrete codes.
  • the vertical 212 and horizontal 214 rebars also engage with the inner sidewalls of the shuttering 200 , thereby partially self-aligning them in the mould.
  • the alignment of the peripheral frame 210 is accomplished as shall be explained next.
  • FIG. 8 of the drawings a set of blow-moulded, hollow plastics tanks 14 is placed into the shuttering 200 in a grid-like array.
  • Each tank 14 has a peripheral flange portion 218 , which keys the tank 14 into the concrete, which is poured into the shuttering 200 later.
  • the flanges 218 may also have a set of through holes 202 to further key the tanks 14 into the later-poured concrete.
  • each tank has extending outwardly from its side edges, a set of connectors 222 , which are shown in cross-section in FIG. 8 a .
  • Each of the connectors 222 has a supporting limb portion 224 , which is integrally formed with the flange 218 or side of each tank 14 ; and a cup-like formation 226 , which clips onto the rebar 210 , 212 , 214 .
  • each tank 14 comprises a valve 228 , which enables the tanks 14 to be filled with either air or sea water, as required.
  • Each of the valves 228 is connected to a pipe 230 , which is fed around inside the shuttering 200 and which emerges 232 at the top of the shuttering 200 .
  • valves 228 of the tanks 14 are connected in groups thus enabling individual tanks 14 , or groups of tanks 14 , to be filled/emptied individually, in groups, all in unison.
  • concrete 234 is poured into the shuttering 200 to a level such that the rebar 210 , 212 , 214 and the pipework 230 , is encased in the concrete 234 , but where the tanks 14 slightly protrude above the level of the concrete 234 .
  • the tanks 14 and in particular their corners and/or edges, have rounded or curved profiles, which when encased in concrete, avoids the formation of sharp corners in the concrete, which could serve as stress concentration points in the final structure.
  • the curvature of the tanks 14 removes stress concentration points, thereby potentially extending the duty cycle of the sea wall structure 10 by reducing the likelihood of the structure developing fatigue stress-induced cracks at the corners of the concrete where it meets the tanks.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-section of FIG. 11 on XII showing how the tanks 14 and rebar 212 are encased in the concrete 234 to form an integral structure.
  • the sea wall structure can also be fabricated horizontally so that it can be easily launched in readiness for towing to the installation site. Consequently, there are two options for setting out the tanks and steel reinforcement prior to pouring concrete.
  • FIG. 12A shows the tanks 14 located on the base of the seawall structure 10
  • FIG. 12 shows the tanks 14 located on the top of the sea wall structure 10 .
  • the key difference between these two options is that the option shown in FIG. 12A can be completed by a single concrete pour, provided the tanks 14 are fixed or ballasted.
  • FIG. 12 may require two pours (if the concrete cannot flow around and under the tanks 14 to form the continuous layer/surface shown at the bottom of FIG. 12 ): with the tanks 14 having to be located after the first pour (forming a skin or continuous layer/surface) and then held in place during the second pour. Consequently, the option shown in FIG. 12A should be able to be completed quicker, and more cheaply, than the option shown in FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view, similar to that shown in FIG. 9 of the drawings, of the sea wall structure 10 depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • Identical reference signs have been used to denote identical features to avoid repetition, but it will be noted from FIG. 13 that the arrangement of rebar within the structure is typically more complicated than that described schematically/conceptually above.
  • FIG. 14 shows how, when the tanks 14 are empty, the sea wall structure 10 can be floated on a body of water 300 and towed, for example using a tug 302 to an intended installation site.
  • the tanks 14 can be flooded by opening their respective valves 228 in a desired sequence.
  • the lowermost tanks are flooded first; followed by subsequent rows of tanks, which causes the sea wall structure 10 to rotate towards the vertical position as shown by dashed lines in FIG. 15 .
  • the sea wall structure 10 can effectively float in a vertical orientation and thus be manoeuvred precisely into position before subsequent flooding of further tanks, which causes the sea wall structure 10 to sink to the seabed 306 . Then, by pumping further water into further tanks (i.e. tanks located above sea level 308 , a head of water within the sea wall structure 10 can self-pile it into the seabed 306 , thereby driving its piles 24 (or skirts) into the seabed 306 to stabilise it.
  • further tanks i.e. tanks located above sea level 308
  • FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 of the drawings This is shown in FIGS. 16, 17 and 18 of the drawings in which the piles and skirts 24 of the sea wall structure 10 have been driven into the seabed 306 to form an initial anchorage.
  • an additional pile or concrete block 308 is placed on/in the seabed 306 behind the sea wall 10 / 100 and is connected to the sea wall 10 / 100 by a buttress framework 310 .
  • the sea wall 10 / 100 is able to hold back a body of water or, as shown in FIG. 16 of the drawings, to support a differential sea level 308 , 308 ′ on opposite sides of the sea wall 10 / 100 .
  • FIG. 17 of the drawings An alternative arrangement is shown in FIG. 17 of the drawings, in which two opposing sea walls 10 / 100 are installed side-by-side in a spaced-apart configuration.
  • the sea walls 10 / 100 can be cross-braced by a supporting framework 312 , which serves to stabilise the sea walls 10 / 100 and form a more rigid structure.
  • the structure can also be topped by a deck 314 , which can be used for various purposes, such as a roadway or access along the top of the sea wall 10 / 100 .
  • FIG. 18 of the drawings A further possibility is shown in FIG. 18 of the drawings in which, again, a pair of spaced-apart sea walls 10 / 100 are supported by piles 316 , which are braced to their respective sea walls 10 / 100 by a supporting framework 318 . Again, this structure can be topped with a deck 314 .
  • the space 320 between the sea walls 100 can either be left empty (i.e. as a caisson), or it can be backfilled with sand or other material, or allowed to flood—depending on the requirements of the application.
  • FIG. 19 of the drawings a perspective view from above of a tidal power storage and generation system, such as that described in published patent number GB2507362, which is formed by a circular, outer sea wall 100 ′ which defines a lagoon.
  • the lagoon is divided into three internal lagoons 400 , which are separated by three internal sea walls 100 ′′.
  • the outer sea wall 100 ′ has sluice gates in it to allow seawater 300 into and out of the lagoons at high and low tide; and a set of tidal generators are provided in the internal sea walls 100 ′′ thus enabling power to be generated by allowing seawater to flow between the internal lagoons 400 in the manner described in published patent number GB2507362.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
US16/095,232 2016-04-22 2017-04-28 Sea wall structures, sea walls and methods of manufacture and assembly of the same Abandoned US20190145072A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1607031.0A GB2549530B (en) 2016-04-22 2016-04-22 Sea wall structures, sea walls and methods of manufacture and assembly of the same
GB1607031.0 2016-04-22
PCT/EP2017/060214 WO2017182675A1 (fr) 2016-04-22 2017-04-28 Structures de digue, digues et procédés de fabrication et d'assemblage de celles-ci

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EP (1) EP3440265A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2017253505B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3022014A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2549530B (fr)
NZ (1) NZ747569A (fr)
WO (1) WO2017182675A1 (fr)

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US11473263B2 (en) * 2019-07-30 2022-10-18 Delta Subsea Llc Suction pile cofferdam
US20230203770A1 (en) * 2019-10-28 2023-06-29 Dalian University Of Technology Ecological revetment for regulating wandering rivers

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AU2017253505A1 (en) 2018-12-13
NZ747569A (en) 2020-01-31
GB2549530B (en) 2018-05-16
WO2017182675A1 (fr) 2017-10-26
GB2549530A (en) 2017-10-25
AU2017253505B2 (en) 2019-11-14
CA3022014A1 (fr) 2017-10-26

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