Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M107/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol, aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
  • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
  • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
  • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
  • C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
  • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
  • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
  • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
  • C10M2207/042—Epoxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
  • C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
  • C10M2209/1055—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
  • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
  • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
  • C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
  • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
  • C10N2020/103—Containing Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
  • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
  • C10N2020/105—Containing Ammonia
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
  • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
  • C10N2020/106—Containing Carbon dioxide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
• • C10N2220/302—
• • C10N2230/02—
• • C10N2230/06—
• • C10N2240/30—

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a refrigerator oil, and a composition for a refrigerator using the refrigerator oil.
• a refrigerator has a structure, in which a mixture of a refrigerant and a refrigerator oil (which may be hereinafter referred to as a “composition for a refrigerator”) is circulated in a closed system, and the refrigerator oil is demanded to have compatibility with a refrigerant, stability, and lubricating capability.
• a refrigerator oil containing an oxygen-containing organic compound, such as a vinyl ether compound, as a major component has been frequently used (see, for example, PTL 1).
• HFC hydrofluorocarbon
• HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
• saturated HFC saturated HFC
• R32 difluoroethane
• R410A a mixture of difluoroethane and pentafluoroethane
• a phosphate ester compound having one phosphorus atom such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP)
• TCP tricresyl phosphate
• the lubricating oil composition is difficult to decrease the coefficient of friction sufficiently while improving the wear resistance in a sliding portion of a refrigerator, by blending thereto a phosphate ester compound having one phosphorus atom, such as TCP, or a benzotriazole compound in combination with TCP or the like.
• the present invention has been made in view of the aforementioned problem, and an object thereof is to decrease the coefficient of friction while improving the wear resistance in the case where a refrigerator oil containing an oxygen-containing organic compound as a base oil is used.
• the present invention provides the refrigerator oil, the composition for a refrigerator, and a method for producing a refrigerator oil shown below.
• a refrigerator oil containing: a base oil containing an oxygen-containing organic compound; a polyphosphate ester compound; and a benzotriazole compound.
• composition for a refrigerator containing a refrigerant and the refrigerator oil according to the item (1).
• a method for producing a refrigerator oil including blending at least a polyphosphate ester compound and a benzotriazole compound with a base oil containing an oxygen-containing organic compound to obtain a refrigerator oil.
• both a particular phosphorus compound and a benzotriazole compound are added to a base oil, thereby providing a refrigerator oil that is capable of decreasing the coefficient of friction while improving the wear resistance.
• the refrigerator oil according to one embodiment of the present invention contains a base oil, a polyphosphate ester compound, and a benzotriazole compound.
• the components contained in the refrigerator oil will be described in detail below.
• the base oil in the present embodiment contains an oxygen-containing organic compound.
• the oxygen-containing organic compound include a synthetic oil containing an ether group, a ketone group, an ester group, a carbonate group, or the like in the molecule, and a synthetic oil containing these groups and a hetero atom (such as a sulfur atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a silicon atom, and a nitrogen atom).
• examples thereof include a polyvinyl ether compound (PVE), a polyoxyalkylene glycol compound (PAG), a copolymer of a poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or a monoether thereof and a polyvinyl ether (ECP), and a polyol ester compound (POE).
• PVE polyvinyl ether compound
• PAG polyoxyalkylene glycol compound
• ECP polyvinyl ether
• POE polyol ester compound
• the oxygen-containing organic compound may be used solely or as a combination of two or more kinds thereof.
• a polyvinyl ether compound (PVE) and a polyoxyalkylene glycol compound (PAG) is preferred, and in particular, one or more selected from a polyvinyl ether compound (PVE) is more preferred.
• PVE polyvinyl ether compound
• PEG polyoxyalkylene glycol compound
• the coefficient of friction and the wear resistance can be readily improved in the case where PVE is used with a polyphosphate ester compound represented by the general formula (1), in which R 9 represents a group represented by the general formula (2), or a polyphosphate ester compound represented by the general formula (5), which are described later.
• the oxygen-containing organic compound is a major component of the refrigerator oil, and the oxygen-containing organic compound is preferably contained in an amount of from 70 to 99.98% by mass, more preferably from 90 to 99.5% by mass, and further preferably from 93.0 to 99.3% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil.
• the polyvinyl ether compound (PVE) is a polymer having a constituent unit derived from a vinyl ether, and specifically, examples thereof include a polyvinyl compound having a constituent unit represented by the following general formula (A-1).
• R 1a , R 2a , and R 3a each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and may be the same as or different from each other.
• the hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, pentyl groups of every kind, hexyl groups of every kind, heptyl groups of every kind, and octyl groups of every kind; a cycloalkyl group, such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, methylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, ethylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, and dimethylcyclohexyl groups of
• R 1a , R 2a , and R 3a each are more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms, and it is further preferred that all of them are hydrogen atoms.
• r in the general formula (A-1) represents a repetition number, an average value of which is in a range of from 0 to 10, and is more preferably 0.
• R 4a represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms include a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, such as an ethylene group, a phenylethylene group, a 1,2-propylene group, a 2-phenyl-1,2-propylene group, a 1,3-propylene group, butylene groups of every kind, pentylene groups of every kind, hexylene groups of every kind, heptylene groups of every kind, octylene groups of every kind, nonylene groups of every kind, and decylene groups of every kind; an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having two bonding sites in an alicyclic hydrocarbon, such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, dimethylcyclohexane, and propylcyclohexane; a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, such as phenylene groups of
• R 5a represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, pentyl groups of every kind, hexyl groups of every kind, heptyl groups of every kind, octyl groups of every kind, nonyl groups of every kind, and decyl groups of every kind; a cycloalkyl group, such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, methylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, ethylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, propylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, and dimethylcyclohexyl
• the proportion of the constituent unit, in which R 5 is an ethyl group is from 70 to 100% by mol
• the proportion of the constituent unit, in which R 5 is an alkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms is from 0 to 30% by mol
• the proportion of the former is from 80 to 95% and the proportion of the latter is from 5 to 20% by mol.
• the alkyl group having 3 or 4 carbon atoms in R 5a used may be a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, or a tert-butyl group, and an isobutyl group is particularly preferred.
• polyvinyl ether compound has the constituent unit represented by the general formula (A-1), a repeating number thereof may be appropriately selected according to a desired kinematic viscosity.
• the polyvinyl ether compound can be produced through polymerization of a corresponding vinyl ethereal monomer.
• the vinyl ethereal monomer that can be used herein is represented by the following general formula (A-2).
• R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , R 4a , R 5a , and r have the same meanings as above.
• vinyl ethereal monomer there are various monomers corresponding to the aforementioned polyvinyl ether compounds. Examples thereof include vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl-n-propyl ether, vinyl-isopropyl ether, vinyl-n-butyl ether, vinyl-isobutyl ether, vinyl-sec-butyl ether, vinyl-tert-butyl ether, vinyl-n-pentyl ether, vinyl-n-hexyl ether, vinyl-2-methoxyethyl ether, vinyl-2-ethoxyethyl ether, vinyl-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl ether, vinyl-2-methoxypropyl ether, vinyl-3,6-dioxaheptyl ether, vinyl-3,6,9-trioxadecyl ether, vinyl-1,4-dimethyl-3,6-dioxaheptyl ether, vinyl-1,4,7-trimethyl-3,6,9
• a monovalent group derived from a saturated hydrocarbon, an ether, an alcohol, a ketone, an amide, a nitrile, or the like may be introduced by a known method.
• polyvinyl ether compound compounds having an end structure of each of the following items (1) to (4) are preferred.
• R 6a , R 7a , and R 8a each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and may be the same as or different from each other;
• R 9a represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms;
• R 10a represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• r1 represents a number of from 0 to 10 in terms of average value thereof; and in the case where plural groups represented by R 9a O are present, the plural groups represented by R 9a O may be the same as or different from each other.
• R 11a , R 12a , and R 13a each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and may be the same as or different from each other;
• R 14a represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms;
• R 15a represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• r2 represents a number of from 0 to 10 in terms of average value thereof; and in the case where plural groups represented by R 14a O are present, the plural groups represented by R 14a O may be the same as or different from each other.
• R 16a , R 17a , and R 18a each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and may be the same as or different from each other;
• R 19a and R 21a each independently represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and may be the same as or different from each other;
• R 20a and R 22a each independently represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and may be the same as or different from each other;
• r3 and r4 each represent a number of from 0 to 10 in terms of average value thereof, and may be the same as or different from each other; in the case where plural groups represented by R 19a O are present, the plural groups represented by R 19a O may be the same as or different from each other; and in the case where plural groups represented by R 21a O are present, the plural groups represented by R 21a O may be the same as or different from each other.
• R 23a , R 24a , and R 25a each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and may be the same as or different from each other.
• the polyvinyl ether compound may also be a mixture of two or more selected from those having an end structure of each of the items (1) to (4).
• Preferred examples of the mixture include a mixture of the compound having the end structure of the item (1) and the compound having the end structure of the item (4); and a mixture of the compound having the end structure of the item (2) and the compound having the end structure of the item (3).
• the polyvinyl ether compound it is preferred to select a degree of polymerization, an end structure, and the like, so as to have a preferred viscosity range of the base oil described later.
• the polyvinyl ether compound may be used solely or may be used as a combination of two or more kinds thereof.
• polyvinyl compound having the constituent unit represented by the general formula (A-1) a compound, in which one end thereof is presented by the general formula (A-1-i), and the remaining end is represented by the general formula (A-1-ii) is preferred.
• R 6a , R 7a , R 8a , R 11a , R 12a , and R 13a are hydrogen atoms
• all of r1 and r2 are 0, and R 10a and R 15a are each an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Examples of the polyoxyalkylene glycol compound (PAG) include a compound represented by the following general formula (B-1).
• PAG polyoxyalkylene glycol compound
• B-1 general formula 1
• the PAG may be used either solely or as a combination of two or more kinds thereof.
• R 1b represents a hydrogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 bonding sites and having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• R 2b represents an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
• R 3b represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• n represents an integer of from 1 to 6; and
• m represents a number providing of an average value of m ⁇ n of from 6 to 80.
• the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in each of R 1b and R 3b may be any of straight-chain, branched, and cyclic groups.
• the hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkyl group, and specific examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, butyl groups of every kind, pentyl groups of every kind, hexyl groups of every kind, heptyl groups of every kind, octyl groups of every kind, nonyl groups of every kind, decyl groups of every kind, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
• the number of carbon atoms of the monovalent hydrocarbon group is 10 or less, the compatibility with a refrigerant becomes good. From such a viewpoint, the number of carbon atoms of the monovalent hydrocarbon group is more preferably from 1 to 4.
• the hydrocarbon group moiety which the acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in each of R 1b and R 3b has may be any of straight-chain, branched, and cyclic groups.
• the hydrocarbon group moiety of the acyl group is preferably an alkyl group, and specific examples thereof include those having 1 to 9 carbon atoms among the alkyl groups that may be selected as the aforementioned R 1b and R 3b .
• the number of carbon atoms of the acyl group is 10 or less, the compatibility with a refrigerant becomes good.
• the number of carbon atoms of the acyl group is preferably from 2 to 4.
• R 1b and R 3b are a hydrocarbon group or an acyl group
• R 1b and R 3b may be the same as or different from each other.
• n 2 or more
• plural groups represented by R 3b in one molecule may be the same as or different from each other.
• R 1b is the hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 bonding sites and having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
• the hydrocarbon group may be either linear or cyclic.
• the hydrocarbon group having 2 bonding sites is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and examples thereof include an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, a nonylene group, a decylene group, a cyclopentylene group, and a cyclohexylene group.
• Examples of the other hydrocarbon groups include residues resulting from removing a hydroxyl group from a bisphenol compound such as bisphenol, bisphenol F, and bisphenol A.
• the hydrocarbon group having 3 to 6 bonding sites is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and examples thereof include residues resulting from removing a hydroxyl group from a polyhydric alcohol, such as trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, 1,2,3-trihydroxycyclohexane, and 1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane.
• the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is 10 or less, the compatibility with a refrigerant becomes good.
• the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably from 2 to 6.
• Examples of the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in each of R 1b and R 3b include an ether bond-containing linear or cyclic aliphatic group (for example, a tetrahydrofurfuryl group).
• At least one of R 1b and R 3b is preferably an alkyl group, particularly preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• R 2b in the general formula (B-1) is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples of the oxyalkylene group as a repeating unit include an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, and an oxybutylene group.
• the oxyalkylene groups in one molecule may be the same as each other, and two or more kinds of oxyalkylene groups may also be contained. It is preferred that at least an oxypropylene unit is contained in one molecule, and it is more preferred that 50% by mol or more of an oxypropylene unit is contained in the oxyalkylene unit.
• n is an integer of from 1 to 6 and is determined according to the number of bonding sites of R 1b .
• R 1b is an alkyl group or an acyl group
• n is 1
• R 1b is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 bonding sites
• n is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, respectively.
• m is a number providing an average value of m ⁇ n of from 6 to 80. When the average value is 80 or less, the compatibility with a refrigerant may be improved.
• n is preferably an integer of from 1 to 3, and more preferably 1.
• the average value of m ⁇ n is preferably determined in such a manner that the viscosity of the base oil is in the desired range described later.
• the polyoxyalkylene glycol compound represented by the general formula (B-1) encompasses a polyoxyalkylene glycol having a hydroxyl group at the end thereof, which may be preferably used even though a hydroxyl group is contained when the content of the hydroxyl group is 50% by mol or less based on the whole end groups.
• examples of the copolymer of a poly(oxy)alkylene glycol or a monoether thereof and polyvinyl ether that can be used as the base oil include a copolymer represented by the following general formula (C-1) and a copolymer represented by the following general formula (C-2) (hereinafter referred to as a “polyvinyl ether copolymer I” and a “polyvinyl ether copolymer II”, respectively).
• the poly(oxy)alkylene glycol refers to both a polyalkylene glycol and a polyoxyalkylene glycol.
• R 1c , R 2c , and R 3c each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and may be the same as or different from each other;
• R 5c represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
• R 6c represents an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms;
• R 4c represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and in the case where plural groups represented by each of R 1c to R 6c are present, the groups may be each the same as or different from each other.
• hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in R 1c to R 3c include an alkyl group, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, pentyl groups of every kind, hexyl groups of every kind, heptyl groups of every kind, and octyl groups of every kind; a cycloalkyl group, such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, methylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, ethylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, and dimethylcyclohexyl groups of every kind; an aryl group, such as dimethylphenyl groups of every kind; or an arylalkyl group, such as a benzyl group,
• divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms represented by R 5c include a divalent alkylene group, such as a methylene group, an ethylene group, propylene groups of every kind, and butylene group of every kind.
• v represents a repeating number of R 5c O, and is a number providing an average value thereof of from 1 to 50, preferably from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 10, and further preferably from 1 to 5.
• the plural groups represented by R 5c O may be the same as or different from each other.
• v may be the same as or different from each other in every constituent unit.
• w represents a number of from 1 to 50, preferably from 1 to 10, more preferably from 1 to 2, and further preferably 1;
• u represents a number of from 0 to 50, preferably from 2 to 25, and more preferably from 5 to 15; and in the case where plural numbers represented by each of w and u are present, the numbers may provide either a block form or a random form.
• R 6c preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms.
• alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, pentyl groups of every kind, hexyl groups of every kind, heptyl groups of every kind, octyl groups of every kind, nonyl groups of every kind, decyl groups of every kind, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, methylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, ethylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, propylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, and dimethylcyclohexyl groups of every kind.
• acyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms examples include an acetyl group, a propionyl group, a butyryl group, an isobutyryl group, a valeryl group, an isovaleryl group, a pivaloyl group, a benzoyl group, and a toluoyl group.
• the oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 carbon atoms include a methoxymethyl group, a methoxyethyl group, a methoxypropyl group, a 1,1-bismethoxypropyl group, a 1,2-bismethoxypropyl group, an ethoxypropyl group, a (2-methoxyethoxy)propyl group, and a (1-methyl-2-methoxy)propyl group.
• specific examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 4c include an alkyl group, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, pentyl groups of every kind, hexyl groups of every kind, heptyl groups of every kind, octyl groups of every kind, nonyl groups of every kind, and decyl groups of every kind; a cycloalkyl group, such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, methylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, ethylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, propylcyclohexyl groups of every kind, and dimethylcyclohexyl groups of every kind; an aryl group, such as a phenyl group, methylphenyl groups
• the polyvinyl ether copolymer I having the constituent unit represented by the general formula (C-1) is capable of improving the lubricating properties, the insulating properties, the hygroscopicity, and the like, while satisfying the compatibility, through formation of the copolymer.
• R 1c to R 5c and v are the same as those mentioned above.
• the groups may be each the same as or different from each other.
• x and y each represent a number of from 1 to 50, and in the case where plural numbers represented by each of x and y are present, the numbers may provide either a block form or a random form.
• X c and Y c each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
• each of the polyvinyl ether copolymers I and II is not particularly limited, as far as the method can provide the polyvinyl ether copolymers I and II.
• the vinyl ethereal copolymer I represented by the general formula (C-1) can be formed into a polyvinyl ether copolymer I having a structure, in which one end thereof is represented by the following general formula (C-3) or (C-4), and the remaining end is represented by the following general formula (C-5) or (C-6).
• R 1c to R 6c and v are the same as those as mentioned above.
• R 1c to R 6c and v are the same as those as mentioned above.
• an ester of a diol or a polyol having 3 to 20 hydroxyl groups and a fatty acid having 1 to 24 carbon atoms is preferably used.
• diol examples include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, and 1,12-dodecanediol.
• polyol examples include a polyhydric alcohol, such as trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, di(trimethylolpropane), tri(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di(pentaerythritol), tri(pentaerythritol), glycerin, a polyglycerin (e.g., dimer to icosamer of glycerin), 1,3,5-pentanetriol, sorbitol, sorbitan, a sorbitol glycerin condensate, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, and mannitol; a saccharide, such as xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomal
• hindered alcohols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, di(trimethylolpropane), tri(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di(pentaerythritol), and tri(pentaerythritol), are preferred as the polyol.
• the fatty acid used may be a fatty acid having 1 to 24 carbon atoms while the number of carbon atoms thereof is not particularly limited.
• a fatty acid having 3 or more carbon atoms is preferred, a fatty acid having 4 or more carbon atoms is more preferred, and a fatty acid having 5 or more carbon atoms is further preferred, from standpoint of the lubricating properties.
• a fatty acid having 18 or less carbon atoms is preferred, a fatty acid having 12 or less carbon atoms is more preferred, and a fatty acid having 9 or less carbon atoms is further preferred, from the standpoint of the compatibility with a refrigerant.
• the fatty acid may be any of a straight-chain fatty acid and a branched fatty acid, a straight-chain fatty acid is preferred from the standpoint of the lubricating properties, and a branched fatty acid is preferred from the standpoint of the hydrolysis stability. Furthermore, the fatty acid may be any of a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid.
• fatty acid examples include a straight-chain or branched fatty acid, such as isobutyric acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, and icosanoic acid, oleic acid; and a so-called neo acid, in which an ⁇ -carbon atom is quaternary.
• neo acid in which an ⁇ -carbon atom is quaternary.
• the polyol ester may be a partial ester, in which some of the hydroxyl groups of a polyol remain without being esterified, may be a complete ester, in which all of the hydroxyl groups of the polyol are esterified, or may be a mixture of the partial ester and the complete ester, but the polyol ester is preferably the complete ester.
• esters of a hindered alcohol such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, di(trimethylolpropane), tri(trimethylolpropane), pentaerythritol, di(pentaerythritol), and tri(pentaerythritol)
• esters of neopentyl glycol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, and pentaerythritol are more preferred, and esters of pentaerythritol are most preferred since they are particularly excellent in compatibility with a refrigerant and hydrolysis stability.
• the preferred polyol ester include a diester of neopentyl glycol and one or more fatty acids selected from isobutyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, oleic acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid; a triester of trimethylolethane and one or more fatty acids selected from isobutyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, oleic acid, isopentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid;
• the ester of two or more fatty acids may be a mixture of two or more esters of one fatty acid and a polyol, and an ester of a mixed fatty acid of two or more kinds thereof and a polyol.
• an ester of a mixed fatty acid and a polyol is excellent in low-temperature properties and compatibility with a refrigerant.
• the oxygen-containing organic compound contained in the refrigerator oil preferably has a kinetic viscosity at 100° C. of from 1 to 30 mm 2 /s.
• a kinetic viscosity at 100° C. of the oxygen-containing organic compound is more preferably from 2 to 20 mm 2 /s, and further preferably from 3 to 15 mm 2 /s.
• the base oil may contain only the oxygen-containing organic compound, and may also contain a mineral oil, a synthetic oil other than the oxygen-containing organic compound, or both of them, in addition to the oxygen-containing organic compound, unless the object of the present invention is impaired.
• the amount of the base oil other than the oxygen-containing organic compound is preferably less than 10% by mass, more preferably less than 5% by mass, and further preferably less than 1% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil.
• the base oil other than the oxygen-containing organic compound preferably has a kinetic viscosity at 100° C. of from 1 to 30 mm 2 /s, more preferably from 2 to 20 mm 2 /s, and further preferably from 3 to 15 mm 2 /s, as similar to the oxygen-containing organic compound.
• the polyphosphate ester compound contained in the refrigerator oil according to the present embodiment is a phosphate ester compound having at least two phosphoric acid skeletons in one molecule.
• Specific examples of the polyphosphate ester compound include a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
• n represents an integer of from 1 to 10; R 1 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R 9 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the refrigerator oil according to the present embodiment can decrease the coefficient of friction and can improve the wear resistance, in a sliding portion of a refrigerator, by containing the aforementioned polyphosphate ester compound and the benzotriazole compound described later.
• the polyphosphate ester compound may be used solely or as a combination of two or more kinds thereof.
• the alkyl group in R 1 to R 8 each may be any of straight-chain, branched, and cyclic groups, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, butyl groups of every kind, pentyl groups of every kind, hexyl groups of every kind, heptyl groups of every kind, octyl groups of every kind, nonyl groups of every kind, decyl groups of every kind, undecyl groups of every kind, dodecyl groups of every kind, tridecyl groups of every kind, tetradecyl groups of every kind, pentadecyl groups of every kind, hexadecyl groups of every kind, heptadecyl groups of every kind, and octadecyl groups of every kind.
• R 1 to R 8 each preferably represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and most preferably a hydrogen atom.
• R 9 preferably represents an alkylene group, an arylene group, or a hydrocarbon group containing an alkylene group and an arylene group, and preferably contains an arylene group.
• examples of the alkylene group include an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentylene group, a hexylene group, a heptylene group, an octylene group, a nonylene group, a decylene group, an undecylene group, a dodecylene group, a tetradecylene group, a hexadecylene group, an octadecylene group, and an icosalene group, which each may be a straight-chain group, or may be branched groups of every kind.
• the alkylene group may also be a cyclic alkylene group, such as a cyclopropylene group, a cyclobutylene group, a cyclopentylene group, a cyclohexylene group, a cycloheptylene group, a cyclooctylene group, a dicyclopentylene group, and a tricyclopentylene group.
• a cyclic alkylene group such as a cyclopropylene group, a cyclobutylene group, a cyclopentylene group, a cyclohexylene group, a cycloheptylene group, a cyclooctylene group, a dicyclopentylene group, and a tricyclopentylene group.
• the arylene group may be a substituted or unsubstituted group, examples thereof include a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, and the arylene group is preferably unsubstituted. Among these, a phenylene group is preferred.
• R 9 contains an arylene group and an alkylene group
• the arylene group may be the same as those described above, and examples of the alkylene group include a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and a methylene group and the groups described above can be used therefor.
• the alkylene group is preferably a straight-chain or branched alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, specific examples thereof include a methylene group, ethylene groups of every kind, such as 1,1-ethylene and 1,2-ethylene, propylene groups of every kind, such as 1,3-propylene, 1,2-propylene, and 2,2-propylene, butylene groups of every kind, and pentylene groups of every kind, and among these a 2,2-propylene group (—C(CH 3 ) 2 —) is more preferred.
• n is preferably from 1 to 8, and the compound may be a single compound having only one kind of n, or may be a mixture of compounds having two or more kinds of n. n is more preferably from 1 to 3, and n is particularly preferably 1. With a smaller value of n, a smaller molecular weight is obtained, which can readily increase the solubility to the base oil, and furthermore can readily decrease the coefficient of friction.
• R 9 Specific preferred examples of the group represented by R 9 include groups represented by the following general formulae (2) to (4), and the group is more preferably a group represented by the general formula (2) or (3), and further preferably a group represented by the general formula (2).
• the group represented by the general formula (2) may be any of an ortho-group, a meta-group, and a para-group, and is preferably a meta-group.
• polyphosphate ester compound examples include compounds represented by the following general formulae (5) and (6). Among these, a compound represented by the general formula (5) is preferred.
• n represents an integer of from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 8, and more preferably from 1 to 5.
• the polyphosphate ester compound represented by the general formula (5) readily exhibits the effect of improving the wear resistance and decreasing the coefficient of friction in the case where the base oil contains PVE as the oxygen-containing organic compound, and readily exhibits the effect in the case where n is from 1 to 3, and particularly in the case where n is 1.
• the content of the polyphosphate ester compound is preferably from 0.01 to 5.0% by mass based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil.
• the coefficient of friction in a sliding portion can be effectively decreased while retaining the good stability and the good wear resistance of the refrigerator oil.
• the polyphosphate ester compound With the content thereof of 5.0% by mass or less, the polyphosphate ester compound can be readily dissolved in the base oil, and readily exhibits the effect corresponding to the content thereof.
• the content of the polyphosphate ester compound is more preferably from 0.5 to 5.0% by mass, further preferably from 1.0 to 5.0% by mass, and particularly preferably from 1.0 to 3.0% by mass.
• benzotriazole compound contained in the refrigerator oil examples include benzotriazole and a benzotriazole derivative.
• Benzotriazole may be specifically 1,2,3-benzotriazole represented by the following general formula (7).
• Examples of the benzotriazole derivative include an alkylbenzotriazole represented by the general formula (8) and an aminoalkylbenzotriazole represented by the general formula (9).
• R 11 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a represents an integer of from 1 to 3. In the case where plural groups represented by R 11 are present, the groups may be the same as or different from each other. Specific examples of R 11 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.
• R 11 preferably represents a methyl group or an ethyl group, and a is preferably 1 or 2, and more preferably 1.
• R 12 represents an straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
• b represents an integer of from 0 to 3
• R 13 represents a methylene group or an ethylene group
• R 14 and R 15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
• the groups may be the same as or different from each other.
• R 14 and R 15 may be the same as or different from each other.
• Examples of the alkyl group represented by R 12 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.
• Examples of the alkyl group represented by R 14 and R 15 include such alkyl groups as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, pentyl groups of every kind, hexyl groups of every kind, heptyl groups of every kind, octyl groups of every kind, nonyl groups of every kind, decyl groups of every kind, undecyl groups of every kind, dodecyl groups of every kind, tridecyl groups of every kind, tetradecyl groups of every kind, pentadecyl groups of every kind, hexadecyl groups of every kind, heptadecyl groups of every kind, and octadecyl groups of every kind.
• R 12 preferably represents a methyl group or an ethyl group
• R 14 and R 15 each preferably represent a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
• b preferably represents a number of 0 or 1.
• the compound represented by the general formula (9) is preferably a dialkylaminoalkylbenzotriazole or a dialkylaminoalkyltolyltriazole, in which R 12 is a methyl group, b is 0 or 1, R 13 is a methylene group or an ethylene group, and R 14 and R 15 each are straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof, and among these, a compound, in which the numbers of carbon atoms of R 14 and R 15 each are from 4 to 12, is more preferred.
• the benzotriazole compound may be used solely or as a combination of two or more kinds thereof.
• benzotriazole compound examples include 1,2,3-benzotriazole, methylbenzotriazole, 1-[N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]methylbenzotriazole.
• the content of the benzotriazole compound is preferably 0.01% by mass or more based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil.
• the content thereof of 0.01% by mass or more and the combination use with the polyphosphate ester compound the coefficient of friction can be decreased while improving the wear resistance.
• the content of the benzotriazole compound is more preferably from 0.01 to 1.00% by mass, and further preferably from 0.02 to 1.00% by mass.
• the refrigerator oil according to the present embodiment may further contain one kind or two or more kinds selected from an antioxidant, an acid scavenger, an anti-foaming agent, an extreme pressure agent, an oiliness agent, an oxygen scavenger, a metal deactivator, and a rust inhibitor, in addition to the aforementioned polyphosphate ester compound and the aforementioned benzotriazole compound.
• the refrigerator oil may be formed of the base oil, the aforementioned polyphosphate ester compound, and the aforementioned benzotriazole compound, and may be formed of the base oil, the aforementioned polyphosphate ester compound, the aforementioned benzotriazole compound, and an additive other than these components.
• the base oil may contain a mineral oil and a synthetic oil other than the aforementioned oxygen-containing organic compound, in addition to the oxygen-containing organic compound, and is preferably formed of the oxygen-containing organic compound.
• one kind or two or more kinds of an antioxidant, an acid scavenger, and an anti-foaming agent is preferably contained.
• the additive other than the aforementioned polyphosphate ester compound and the aforementioned benzotriazole compound may be preferably contained in an amount of 15% by mass or less, and more preferably from 0 to 5% by mass based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil.
• the antioxidant examples include a phenol antioxidant, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, and 2,2′-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), and an amine antioxidant, such as phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine and N,N′-di-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and a phenol antioxidant is preferred.
• the content of the antioxidant is generally from 0.01 to 5% by mass, and preferably from 0.05 to 3% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil.
• the acid scavenger examples include an epoxy compound, such as phenyl glycidyl ether, an alkyl glycidyl ether, an alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, an ⁇ -olefin oxide, and an epoxidized soybean oil.
• an epoxy compound such as phenyl glycidyl ether, an alkyl glycidyl ether, an alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, and an ⁇ -olefin oxide are preferred.
• the alkyl group in the alkyl glycidyl ether and the alkylene group in the alkylene glycol glycidyl ether may be each branched, and the number of carbon atoms thereof is generally from 3 to 30, preferably from 4 to 24, and particularly preferably from 6 to 16.
• the ⁇ -olefin oxide one having a total number of carbon atoms of generally from 4 to 50, preferably from 4 to 24, and particularly from 6 to 16 may be used.
• the acid scavenger may be used solely, or may be used as a combination of two or more kinds thereof.
• the content thereof is generally from 0.005 to 5% by mass, and preferably from 0.05 to 3% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil, from the standpoints of the effects and the inhibition of sludge generation.
• the stability of the refrigerator oil can be enhanced.
• the anti-foaming agent examples include a silicone anti-foaming agent and a fluorinated silicone anti-foaming agent.
• the content of the anti-foaming agent is generally from 0.005 to 2% by mass, and preferably from 0.01 to 1% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil.
• extreme pressure agent examples include a phosphorus extreme pressure agent, such as a phosphate ester, an acidic phosphate ester, a phosphite ester, an acidic phosphite ester, and amine salts thereof.
• a phosphorus extreme pressure agent such as a phosphate ester, an acidic phosphate ester, a phosphite ester, an acidic phosphite ester, and amine salts thereof.
• These phosphorus extreme pressure agents each have one phosphorus atom in the molecule thereof, and examples thereof include tricresyl phosphate, trithiophenyl phosphate, tri(nonylphenyl) phosphite, dioleyl hydrogenphosphite, and 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphite.
• Examples of the extreme pressure agent also include a metal salt of a carboxylic acid.
• the metal salt of a carboxylic acid referred to herein is preferably a metal salt of a carboxylic acid having 3 to 60 carbon atoms, and more preferably a metal salt of a fatty acid having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably from 12 to 30 carbon atoms.
• Examples thereof further include a metal salt of a dimer acid or a trimer acid of the aforementioned fatty acid, and a metal salt of a dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
• a metal salt of a fatty acid having 12 to 30 carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 30 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
• the metal constituting the metal salt is preferably an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and in particular, an alkali metal is optimum.
• extreme pressure agent examples include a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent, such as sulfurized fats and oils, a sulfurized fatty acid, a sulfurized ester, a sulfurized olefin, a dihydrocarbyl polysulfide, a thiocarbamate compound, a thioterpene compound, and a dialkyl thiodipropionate compound.
• a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent such as sulfurized fats and oils, a sulfurized fatty acid, a sulfurized ester, a sulfurized olefin, a dihydrocarbyl polysulfide, a thiocarbamate compound, a thioterpene compound, and a dialkyl thiodipropionate compound.
• the content of the extreme pressure agent is generally from 0.001 to 5% by mass, and particularly preferably from 0.005 to 3% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil, from the standpoints of the lubricating properties and the stability.
• the extreme pressure agent may be used solely or may be used as a combination of two or more kinds thereof.
• the oiliness agent examples include an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, such as stearic acid and oleic acid; a polymerized fatty acid, such as a dimer acid and a hydrogenated dimer acid; a hydroxyfatty acid, such as ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid; an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monoalcohol, such as lauryl alcohol and oleyl alcohol; an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monoamine, such as stearylamine and oleylamine; an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid amide, such as lauric acid amide and oleic acid amide; and a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerin and sorbitol, and an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.
• a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin and sorbitol
• These compounds may be used solely, or may be used as a combination of two or more kinds thereof.
• the content thereof is generally selected from a range of from 0.01 to 10% by mass, and preferably a range of from 0.1 to 5% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil.
• oxygen scavenger examples include a sulfur-containing aromatic compound, such as 4,4′-thiobis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), diphenyl sulfide, dioctyldiphenyl sulfide, a dialkyldiphenylene sulfide, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, phenothiazine, benzothiapyrane, thiapyrane, thianthrene, dibenzothiapyrane, and diphenylene disulfide; an aliphatic unsaturated compound, such as various olefins, dienes, and trienes; and a terpene compound having a double bond.
• a sulfur-containing aromatic compound such as 4,4′-thiobis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), diphenyl sulfide, dioctyldiphenyl sulfide, a dialkyldiphenylene sul
• metal deactivator examples include an N—[N,N′-dialkyl(alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms)aminomethyl]triazole.
• rust inhibitor examples include a metal sulfonate, an aliphatic amine compound, an organic phosphite ester, an organic phosphate ester, an organic sulfonic acid metal salt, an organic phosphoric acid metal salt, an alkenyl succinate ester, and a polyhydric alcohol ester.
• the refrigerator oil according to the present embodiment may further contain other various known additives in such a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
• the refrigerator oil according to the present embodiment is used in combination with a refrigerant, and specifically is mixed with a refrigerant and used in a refrigerator.
• the refrigerator oil is used in a refrigerator, in the form of a composition for a refrigerator containing the refrigerator oil and a refrigerant.
• the amounts of the refrigerant and the refrigerator oil used are generally in a range of from 99/1 to 10/90, and preferably from 95/5 to 30/70, in terms of mass ratio (refrigerant)/(lubricating oil). When the mass ratio is in the range, the refrigeration capability of the refrigerator and the lubrication capability can be made appropriate.
• refrigerant used examples include one kind or two or more kinds selected from a fluorinated hydrocarbon and a natural refrigerant, such as carbon dioxide, a hydrocarbon, and ammonia.
• fluorinated hydrocarbon examples include a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound (saturated HFC) and an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound (HFO).
• saturated HFC saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound
• HFO unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound
• the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound is generally a fluoride of an alkane having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a fluoride of an alkane having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a fluoride of an alkane having 1 to 2 carbon atoms (methane or ethane).
• fluoride of methane or ethane examples include trifluoromethane (R23), difluoromethane (R32), 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a), 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (R143), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134), and 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (R125).
• difluoromethane and 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane are preferred.
• the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound may be used solely, or may be used as a combination of two or more kinds thereof.
• Examples of the case using two or more kinds of saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds in combination include a mixed refrigerant of two or more kinds of saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and a mixed refrigerant of two or more kinds of saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
• the mixed refrigerant include a mixture of R32 and R125 (R410A), a mixture of R125, R143a, and R134a (R404A), a mixture of R32, R125, and R134a (e.g., R407A, R407C, and R407E), and a mixture of R125 and R143a (R507A).
• Examples of the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound include those having a carbon-carbon double bond, such as a fluoride of a linear olefin having 2 to 6 carbon atoms that is straight-chain or branched, and a fluoride of a cyclic olefin having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
• examples thereof include an ethylene having 1 to 3 fluorine atoms introduced thereinto, a propene having 1 to 5 fluorine atoms introduced thereinto, a butene having 1 to 7 fluorine atoms introduced thereinto, a pentene having 1 to 9 fluorine atoms introduced thereinto, a hexene having 1 to 11 fluorine atoms introduced thereinto, a cyclobutene having 1 to 5 fluorine atoms introduced thereinto, a cyclopentene having 1 to 7 fluorine atoms introduced thereinto, and a cyclohexene having 1 to 9 fluorine atoms introduced thereinto.
• a fluoride of propene is preferred, a propene having 3 to 5 fluorine atoms introduced thereinto is more preferred, and a propene having 4 fluorine atoms introduced thereinto is most preferred.
• Specific preferred examples thereof include 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234ze) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf).
• the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound may be used solely, or may be used as a combination of two or more kinds thereof, or may be used in combination of a refrigerant other than the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
• a combination with a refrigerant other than the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound include a mixed refrigerant of a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound and an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
• Specific examples of the mixed refrigerant include a mixed refrigerant of R-32, HFO1234ze, and R152a (such as AC5, mixing ratio: 13.23/76.20/9.96).
• the natural refrigerant examples include carbon dioxide (carbonic acid gas), a hydrocarbon, such as propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, isobutane, and n-butane, and ammonia.
• the natural refrigerant may be used solely or as a combination of two or more kinds thereof, and may be combined with a refrigerant other than the natural refrigerant.
• Examples of the case using the natural refrigerant in combination with a refrigerant other than the natural refrigerant include mixed refrigerants with a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, with an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, and with both of them.
• Specific examples of the mixed refrigerant include a mixed refrigerant of carbon dioxide, HFO1234ze, and R134a (such as AC6, mixing ratio: 5.15/79.02/15.41).
• a fluorinated hydrocarbon is preferred, and a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon is more preferred.
• the refrigerant may be a mixture of the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon and another refrigerant, and is preferably formed only of the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon.
• R32, R125, and R410A which is a mixture thereof, are further preferred.
• the refrigerant particularly preferably contains R32, and in this case, the proportion of R32 in the entire refrigerant based on the total amount of the refrigerant is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and most preferably 100% by mass, i.e., a refrigerant containing R32 solely.
• the refrigerator oil or composition for a refrigerator according to the present embodiment is used by charging in an interior of a refrigerator.
• the refrigerator herein has a refrigeration cycle constituted by essential components including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism (e.g., an expansion valve), and an evaporator, or including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, a dryer, and an evaporator.
• the refrigerator oil is used for lubricating, for example, a sliding portion provided in a compressor.
• the sliding portion of a refrigerator is preferably between metals, and examples of the metal in the sliding portion include iron and a steel material.
• the refrigerator oil of the present embodiment can decrease the coefficient of friction while enhancing the wear resistance between iron or steel materials.
• the refrigerator oil and the composition for a refrigerator can be used, for example, for various refrigerator systems, hot water systems, and heating systems, such as a car air conditioner, a gas heat pump (GHP), an air conditioner, a refrigeration chamber, an automatic vending machine, a showcase, a hot water supply machine, and a floor heater.
• a car air conditioner a gas heat pump (GHP)
• GFP gas heat pump
• an air conditioner a refrigeration chamber
• an automatic vending machine a showcase
• a hot water supply machine a hot water supply machine
• a method for producing a refrigerator oil according to one embodiment of the present invention includes blending at least the polyphosphate ester compound and the benzotriazole compound with the base oil containing an oxygen-containing organic compound, so as to produce the refrigerator oil.
• one kind or two or more kinds of the aforementioned additives may be blended in addition to the polyphosphate ester compound and the benzotriazole compound.
• the detailed descriptions for the base oil, the polyphosphate ester compound, the benzotriazole compound, and the additives may be the same as described above, and are omitted herein.
• the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples below, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
• the properties of the base oil and the characteristics of the refrigerator oil and the composition for a refrigerator were obtained by the procedures shown below.
• the kinematic viscosity was measured with a glass capillary viscometer according to JIS K2283:2000.
• the coefficient of friction and the ring wear amount in a sliding portion of each of the compositions for a refrigerator were measured in an R32 (difluoromethane) refrigerant environment using a sealing-type block-on-ring friction tester (LFW-1) under the following conditions.
• Refrigerator oils and compositions for a refrigerator using the refrigerator oils of Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table 1 were prepared and subjected to the lubricating property test. The results are shown in Table 1.
• the base oils and the additives are as follows.
• PVE Copolymer of ethyl vinyl ether and isobutyl vinyl ether (molar ratio: 9/1, kinetic viscosity at 100° C.: 7.8 mm 2 /s), in which both ends are represented by the general formula (A-1-i) and the general formula (A-1-ii) respectively, R 6a to R 8a are hydrogen atoms, R 11a to R 13a are hydrogen atoms, both r1 and r2 are 0, and R 10a and R 15a each are an ethyl group or an isobutyl group
• PAG Polyoxypropylene glycol (kinetic viscosity at 100° C.: 9.8 mm 2 /s)
• ECP Copolymer of polypropylene glycol (PPG) and polyethyl vinyl ether (PEV) (molar ratio of PPG/PEV: 5/5, kinetic viscosity at 100° C.: 11.2 mm 2 /s)
• Polyphosphate ester compound 1 Mixture of compounds represented by the general formula (5), in which n is from 1 to 3
• Polyphosphate ester compound 2 Mixture of compounds represented by the general formula (5), in which n is from 1 to 8
• Polyphosphate ester compound 3 Compound represented by the general formula (6)
• Polyphosphate ester compound 4 Mixture of compounds represented by the general formula (1), in which R 1 , R 3 , R 5 , and R 7 are hydrogen atoms, R 2 , R 4 , R 6 , and R 8 each are an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R 9 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and n is from 1 to 8
• Benzotriazole compound 1 1,2,3-Benzotriazole
• Benzotriazole compound 2 Methylbenzotriazole
• Benzotriazole compound 3 1-[N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]methylbenzotriazole
• Acid scavenger 2-Ethylhexyl glycidyl ether
• Anti-foaming agent Silicone anti-foaming agent
• the coefficient of friction in the sliding portion of the refrigerator can be decreased by adding both the polyphosphate ester compound and the benzotriazole compound to the refrigerator oil.
• the wear resistance can also be improved as is apparent from the small ring wear amounts.

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• 2016
  • 2016-01-15 JP JP2016006596A patent/JP6657538B2/ja active Active
• 2017
  • 2017-01-13 WO PCT/JP2017/001042 patent/WO2017122786A1/ja active Application Filing
  • 2017-01-13 KR KR1020187019684A patent/KR20180101383A/ko unknown
  • 2017-01-13 CN CN201780006502.7A patent/CN108473907A/zh active Pending
  • 2017-01-13 US US16/063,883 patent/US20180371355A1/en not_active Abandoned

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